History for kids

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The Aryan invaders were primarily nomads. They were not

accustomed to the urban way of life and therefore did not
occupy the beautiful cities they had conquered. Instead,
they cleared forests near riverbanks and settled in small
villages, or Gramas, becoming semi-agriculturists. Perhaps,
their fear of permanent dwellings prevented them from
moving into the cities. Each Grama was headed by a
Gramini.

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The Aryan villages were simple structures, which formed

the basis for architecture in India. In fact, the caves of
Ajanta and Ellora were influenced by early Aryan villages.
Their huts were very basic, circular and with thatched
roofs over bamboo logs. Fences of wood and bamboo
surrounded the settlement for protection against wild
animals.

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Soon the demand for fertile land grew and rivalry spread.
Groups of villages joined forces and thus small 'cities' or clans
called 'Vis' were born. A group or clan formed a Jana and
their leader was the Rajan or King. A priest or Purohit, the
commandant or Senani, and the administration, Sabha and
Samiti, assisted him.

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The city buildings were made almost entirely from wood,

and walls protected each city. The Vedic carpenters
became skilled at constructing timber structures and their
techniques were used in stone constructions of the future.

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During this period, animal husbandry, agriculture, weaving,

carpentry were the primary occupations. The barter
system flourished. External trade began with West Asia
and Egypt. Coins were introduced for trade and were
called the 'Nishka'.

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The Aryans made the single largest contribution to Indian

religion through Sanskrit. It was during this age that the
Vedas were most composed. And this formed the foundation for the early Hindu religion.
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The Aryans developed a rich tradition, composing hymns

of the four Vedas. These sacred scriptures included the :
Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda and Atharva Veda.

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Two of the greatest epics were also composed during this

period. 'The Ramayana' and 'The Mahabharata'. These tell
us a great deal about the culture, society and religion of
the people of that era.
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It was during the Vedic age that the Caste System was
born. Due to work specialization, different classes of society
developed. Besides the Brahmins, there were the Kshatriyas or warriors, the Vaishyas or merchants and Shudras or
outcasts, who performed menial jobs like scavenging, fishing and removing dead bodies. The status of the Brahmins
and Kshatriyas improved greatly while other castes were
degraded and reached the lower rungs of society.

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