Applied Mathematics and Mechanics

(English Edition, Vol. 19, No. 11, Nov. 1998)

Published by SU,
Shanghai, China
RESEARCH ON SOLID-LIQUID COUPLING DYNAMICS
OF PI PE CONVEYING FLUI D
Wang Shizhong (q::t!~,~.) ~ Liu Yulan (~]N_-'z-)' Huang Wenhu ( ~) '
(Received Oct. I 1, 1997; Communicated by Wang Biao)
Abs t r a c t
On the basis o f Hamilton prhwiple, the equation o f solid-liquid couplhtg vibration
o f pi pe conveyhtg f l ui d is deduced. An asymmet ri cal solid-liquid couplhtg damp mat ri x
and a symmet ri cal solid.liquid coaplirlg stiffness mat r i x are obtahted. UshTg QR
method, pi pe' s nature fi' equencies are calculated. Tire curves of the f i r s t f o u r orders of
natural f requency- f l ow velocity o f pi pe walt" given. Ti re itlfluence of f l owht g velocity,
pr es s ur e, solid-liquid coupling damp and solid-liquid coupling stifJ)zess on natural
fi' equency are discussed respeetiveh'. The dynamic respondence o f the pi pes f o r step-
load with different f l o w velocity are calculated by Ne wmar k method. I t is f o u n d that,
with the f l ow velocity increased, the nature f requency o f the pipes red,wed, increased,
reduced again and so on.
Key words finite element method, pipe conveying fluid, solid-fluid coupling
vibration
I. I nt r oduct i on
Solid-fluid coupling vibration problem of pipes conveying fluid are presence generally in
the domain of astronomic, energy sources, chemical industry etc.. Not only theoretically the
problem has wide research value, but practically the problem has wide engineering
background. Therefore, it is important reseach problem ih science domain spang.
The first right equation of solid-liquid coupling vibration of pipe conveying fluid was
provided by G. W. Housner, and V. Y. Feodosiev t*'-'L The basic frequency characteristic of
pipes conveying fluid was studied respectively by R. H. Long, R. W Gregory, T. B. Benjamin,
J . L . Hill t3-6j. Hopf bifurcation phenomena in pipes carrying fluid was provided by A. K.
Bajaj. Analysis and experiment of chaotic motion of a constrained pipe co rweying field had
been studied by M. P. Paidussis t7-91. A correction of Housner's equation had ~en given by
Zhang, Xide et al.tt~ The curves of basic frequency--flowing velocity of cantilever straight pipe
and cubic cantilever pipe conveying fluid by finite element method was provided by Wang, .B.
L. and Wang, S. Z t*'' t'-I
In this paper on the basis of literature[ll], [12], the curves of the first four orders of
natural frequency--flow velocity of pipe was given, the influence of flowing velocity, pressure,
solid-liquid coupling damp and solid-liquid coupling stiffness on natural frequency are
discussed respectively; it is found that, with the flow velocity increased, the nature frequency
of the pipes reduced, increased, reduced again and so on.
t Astronautics College Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
1065
Abs t r act
The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive attack has
an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals to three. In
general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the "weak" shock
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small parameter pur-
terbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem of flying
plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three.
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by computers. Thus
an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity and polytropic
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
1. I nt r oduc t i on
Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of behavior of
materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and explosive welding and
cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of raising it are questions
of common interest.
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate, the normal
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system of equations
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
a p +u_~_xp + au
--ff =o,
au au 1
y =0,
aS a s
a--T =o,
p =p(p, s),
( i . 0
293
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of detonation products
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a boundary and the
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and the state para-
meters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state parameters of products
1066 Wang Shizhong. Liu Yulan and Htmng Wenhu
I I . Vi b r a t i o n Eq u a t i o n s of a P i p e Co n v e y i n g Fl ui d
The following equation for an element of pipe conveying fluid is provided according to
Hamilton principle:
here
a ( T - V ) d t + = 0 ( 2 . I )
T f l d T t l 1 2 + } d x
= = f o { ' ~ - ( r n - p ) y = + - ~ p [ v + ( y t r y ' ) = ] ( 2 . 2 )
v f l ay t l
= = [~o ~ E I ( y " ) 2 d x ( 2. 3)
a l r / , , = - - " a y d x ( 2. 4)
where
A--pi pe cross area. m2; R=- cy- - dampi ng force, N;
E--elastic modules, Pa: aw,~:--virtual work of non-conservative
m--mass of pipe (including liquid) force--liquid presstire P, k J :
per unit length, kg/m; P--l i qui d pressure, Pa;
p- - mass of liquid per unit length, kg/m; ,t--liquid velocity, m/s;
/ - - pi pe cross area moment of inertia, m4;
T--element kinematical energy, kJ.
C--dampi ng ratio, kg/s;
V--element potential energy, k J;
Notice the following relations
a 2
= = =
Substituting Eqs. (2.2), (2.3)and (2.4) into Eq. (2.1), it is obtained that
o r s
f ' q ' [ o r { , ( a , ) + e o e o ( a y )
J , , J 0 ~ " at s~ ~(ay) +
- j h ~ o c - ~ h J ~ ~ a x 2 a Y d.'r,dt =
Interchanging integral sequence, integrating by part, and noting that
a y ( t , ) = a y ( t 2 ) = o
+ m 2 ~ ( a y ) - E 1 ~ ( a y ) } ~ j t
(z.5)
~ a 2
+ A P a x 2 a Y - tTv2 oO-Zxx : - x ( a y ) + P v ;x---~-.,tay
= 0 ( 2 . 6 )
it is obtained that
, [ E I T x 2 ( a y ) + c~
3 x 2
3--'Y-'~-~ ( a y ) n t ~ f i f l a Y l d t d x
- p v a x a t +
the last equation exists at any time, so
l 82 a2
o~2
0 2
+ pv a~
Abs t r act
The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive attack has
an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals to three. In
general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the "weak" shock
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small parameter pur-
terbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem of flying
plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three.
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by computers. Thus
an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity and polytropic
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
1. I nt r oduc t i on
Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of behavior of
materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and explosive welding and
cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of raising it are questions
of common interest.
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate, the normal
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system of equations
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
a p +u_~_xp + au
--ff =o,
au au 1
y =0,
aS a s
a--T =o,
p =p(p, s),
( i . 0
293
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of detonation products
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a boundary and the
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and the state para-
meters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state parameters of products
Solid-Liquid Coupling Dynamics of Pipe Conveying Fluid 1067
or ( a y ) + , , , 0
- ? ' at a:aY] ~ = (2 ?7)
By finite element met hod, let
a y = [ N ( x ) ] a {u ( t ) I
where, [ N( x ) ] - - s hape function matrix; ",{ u ( t ) I - - n o d e displacement vector.
Put them into equat i on (2.7), and consult the following equations:
O2.y = [ N ( x ) ] { a ( t ) } :
Ot = [ 1 V ( x ) ] { a ( t ) } ; St 2
32Y [ l g ' ( x ) ] { u ( t ) } ; -'82Y = [ N ' ( x ) ] { ~ t ( t ) } :
---a ( a y ) . = [ N ' ( x ) ] a { u ( t ) } ;
Ox
[ M' ] { u } + ( [ C; ] + [ C ~ ] ) { a } + ([K;~] + [ / ~ ] ) { u } = { f }
here
( 2. 8)
[ M ' ] = [ N ] ~ ~ m [ N] dx- - e l e me nt mass matrix;
[ C~] = "If C[ N] r [ N] dx- - e l e me nt dampi ng matrix;
J ; x '
[ K; ] = ] r [ N"] dx - - el ement stiffness matrix;
[C".] = I i p v ( [ N' ] r [ N] - [ N] r [ N ' ] ) dx- - e l e me nt solid-liquid coupled damp matrix;
[ / ~ ] = ( A P - pv2) ~i [ N' ] r [ N' ] dx- - e l e me nt solid-liquid coupled stiffness matrix;
{f } = [ N] r { f ( t ) }- - - el ement node vector;
[ C~] and [/~d] are deduced by us. They are respectively:
l
0 -1--0
l
-- 0
10
1 l
2 i 0
_.z _L
I0 60
[C~] = 2pv
1 l
2 10
! l
I0 6O
l
0 - - - -
I0
l
-- 0
10
; [ t , %] = ( A e - e : )
6-- 1j _6 L
5l 10 - 5l 10
11 2l l l
10 15 10 30
6 l 6 11
5l 10 51 10
1 l 11 21
10 30 10 15
here [ C~] is an asymmetrical matrix, [/ ~, ) is a symmetrical matrix.
Assembling element equations into pipe total vibration equation:
[ M ] { ~ I + ( [ C b ] + [ C ~ ] ) { , ~ } + ( [ t q ] + [ K ~ ] ) { , ~ I = { f ( t ) I
here [ M] - - pi pe mass matrix; [ Cb] - - pi pe dampi ng matrix;
[ Kb ] - - p i p e stiffness matrix; [ C, , ]--sol i d-l i qui d coupled dampi ng matrix;
[ Ks] - - sol i d- l i qui d coupled stiffness matrix; { f ( t ) } - - f or ce vector.
( 2. 9)
Abs t r act
The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive attack has
an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals to three. In
general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the "weak" shock
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small parameter pur-
terbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem of flying
plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three.
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by computers. Thus
an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity and polytropic
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
1. I nt r oduc t i on
Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of behavior of
materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and explosive welding and
cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of raising it are questions
of common interest.
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate, the normal
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system of equations
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
a p +u_~_xp + au
--ff =o,
au au 1
y =0,
aS a s
a--T =o,
p =p(p, s),
( i . 0
293
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of detonation products
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a boundary and the
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and the state para-
meters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state parameters of products
1068 Wang Shizhong, Liu Yul:m and Huang Wenhu
I I I . An E x a mp l e
It is t aken as the object of st udy t hat
conveyi ng wat er pi pe made i n har d
al umi num. The ,pipe' s elastic modul es is
E = 6. 86 x 101~ the pi pe' s densi t y
Pl = 2. 8 x 103kg/m 3, wat er ' s densi t y
P2 = 1. 0 x 103kg/m s, the pi pe' s length,
di amet er , t hi ckness are respectively: I =2. 0m,
the d =0 . 1 m, the t =0. 002m. The pi pe is
j oi ned wi t h doubl e hinge. It is shown on Fig. 1.
V/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / |
! i
. . .
' / / / / / / / / /
Fi g. 1
t = o . ~
The a r t i c u l a t e d pi pe c ont a i ni ng
f l owi ng fl ui d
3. 1 I n f l u e n c e o f f l ui d p r e s s u r e P o n n a t u r a l f r e q u e n c y c.o
It is given on Fig. 2 t hat Curves of f undament al f r equency- - f l ui d pr es s ur e ( V= 10,0m/s,
P=0. 0- - 200000Pa ) . Fig. 2 shows t hat pi pe' s nat ur al frequency changes less wi t h increase of
the liquid pressure. So the change can be neglected.
3.2 I n f l u e n c e o f s o l i d - f l u i d c o u p l e d d a mp i n g [ C~] o n n a t u r a l f r e q u e n c y co
It is shown on Fig. 3 t hat influence of solid-fluid coupl ed dampi ng on nat ur al frequency.
Fig. 3 shows t hat f undament al frequency decreases with the increase of liquid vel oci t y, second
200
180
\ 160
- 140
120
700
680
660
~' 640
620
100 8000 16000 8000 16000
, , 6 0 0 , , , , ,
0 4000 12000 20000 0 4000 12000 20000
P(Pa) P(Pa)
Fi g. 2 Cur ves of n a t u r a l f r e q u e n c y - p r e s s u r e of a r t i c ul a t e d pi pe
170
t68
166
164
162
160
158
156 l , i , I
0 5 0 I 0 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 0
6 9 2
6 9 0
6 8 8
6 8 6
6 8 4
6 8 2
6 8 0
6 7 8
6 7 6
6 7 4 I I I I
0 50 1130 150 200 250
,> ( i n / , ) , , ( m / , )
Fi g. 3 The i nf l uence of sol i d-fl ui d coupl i ng d a mp on n a t u r a l f r e q u e c y of p i p e
Abs t r act
The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive attack has
an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals to three. In
general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the "weak" shock
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small parameter pur-
terbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem of flying
plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three.
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by computers. Thus
an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity and polytropic
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
1. I nt r oduc t i on
Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of behavior of
materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and explosive welding and
cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of raising it are questions
of common interest.
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate, the normal
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system of equations
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
a p +u_~_xp + au
--ff =o,
au au 1
y =0,
aS a s
a--T =o,
p =p(p, s),
( i . 0
293
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of detonation products
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a boundary and the
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and the state para-
meters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state parameters of products
Solid-Liquid Coupling Dynami cs of Pipe Conveyi ng Fluid
1069
or der frequency increases with the increase of liquid velocity. The influence of solid-liquid
coupl ed damp is very complex.
3.3 I n f l u e n c e o f s ol i d- f l ui d c o u p l e d s t i f f n e s s [K~] o n n a t u r a l f r e q u e n c y oJ
It is shown on Fig. 4 t hat influence of solid-fluid coupl ed stiffness on nat ural frequency.
Fig. 4 shows, t hat first two or der frequency decr ease with increase of liquid velocity. Fig. 4
influence of solid-liquid coupl ed stiffness on nat ural frequency of pipe ( P= 110e4 Pa, V=0 -
200m/s)
5OO
450
4 0 0
350
300
~ 250
2 0 0
150
100
50
40 80 120
'180
160
140
120
100
" o
r, 80
~" 60
40
2 o !
0 160 200
7001
650'
I
600'
550!
500
450
400
350
0
t , . . i i i . i
40 80 120 160 200
u(m/s) v(m/s)
Fig. 4 The i nf l uence of sol i d-fl ui d coupl i ng st i f f ness on n a t u r a l
f r e q u e n c y of a r t i c ul a t e d pi pe
1600
1400
1200
~
1000
800
600
400
200
50 150 250 350 450
, . i , h i ,
1130 200 300 400 5(30
~(m/s)
Fi g. 5
5o15,o
,
100 200 300 400
,1000
9OO
8OO
7OO
9 .~ 6OO
~ 5oo
ff 4oo
300
200
100
3000
2500
,-~ 2000
9 ~ 1500
1000
500
~ 5 0
100 200 300 400
v(.u'~)
500
s o , 1 5 . o L s o , 3 s o , 4~,o
100 200 300 400 500
~(m/s)
Cur ves of t he f i r st f our or der s of n a t u r a l f r e q u e n c y - -
f l o w v e l o c i t y o f h i n g e d pi pe c o n t a i n i n g f l o w i n g fl ui d
Abs t r act
The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive attack has
an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals to three. In
general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the "weak" shock
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small parameter pur-
terbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem of flying
plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three.
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by computers. Thus
an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity and polytropic
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
1. I nt r oduc t i on
Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of behavior of
materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and explosive welding and
cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of raising it are questions
of common interest.
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate, the normal
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system of equations
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
a p +u_~_xp + au
--ff =o,
au au 1
y =0,
aS a s
a--T =o,
p =p(p, s),
( i . 0
293
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of detonation products
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a boundary and the
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and the state para-
meters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state parameters of products
1070 Wang Shizhong. Liu Yuhtn and Huang Wenhu
3.4. I n f l u e n c e o f s ol i d- f l ui d c o u p l e d s t i f f n e s s [KT,]I a n d s o l i d - f l u i d c o u p l e d
d a mp i n g [ C~] o n n a t u r a l f r e q u e n c y [r
It is shown on Fig. 5 that influence of solid-fluid coupl ed stiffness and solid-fluid coupled
dampi ng on nat ural frequency.
3.5 Re s p o n s e o f s t r a i g h t c a n t i l e v e r p i p e l o d e d wi t h a S t e p - F o r c e
Fig. 6 shows then consider solid-fluid coupl ed effect displacement response of the free-end
of straight cantilever pipe loded with a step-force at the free-end.
0. 10~
o . o 7 , ! . ,tA J
0 "0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6
=(,)
0.10
0.09
0,08
0.07
A 0.06
0.05
0.04
0.63
0.02
0.01
0 0,4 " 0.8 1.2 1.6
t ( , )
400000
350( ~
3O0003
25O0OO
2{30O0O
150000
l Of ~
50000
(a) Neglect damp, v<v,. (b) Consider damp, v< v, (c)
/
J
, - . i s , - r
0.05 0: 100. 15 0. 200. 25 0,30
t ( , )
Consider damp, v~>v,.
Fig. 6 . Di s pl a c e me nt r es pond of f r ee end of c a nt i l e ve r pi pe
The curves on Fig. 6 (a) are curves of equal ampl i t ude. It shows solid-liquid coupling damp
has no damp action. It has only damp di mensi on.
The curves on Fig. 6 (b) are at t enuat i on curves. It shows curves of t he displacement
response of the free-end is convergence when consi der damp and flow velocity lower t han
Critical velocity of pipe: u<v , .
The curves on Fig. 6 (c) are divergence curves. It shows t hat the pipe bereaves load-
ability in spite of consider damp.
I V. Co n c l u s i o n
4.1 The equat i on deduced on the basis of Hami l t on principle is Housner ' s equat i on
shown t hr ough finite element met hod. In the equat i on solid-liquid coupl i ng stiffness matrix
[ K~] is a symmetrical mat ri x and solid-liquid coupl i ng damp mat ri x [ C~] is an asymmetrical
matrix.
4.2 The pipe' s nat ural frequency changes less with the increase of the liquid press. So the
change can be neglected.
4.3 Solid-liquid coupl ed stiffness and pipe' s t ot al stiffness are reduced with the increase of
the liquid velocity. So pipe' s nat ural frequency is reduced.
4.4 Solid-liquid coupled damp is ci rcumgyrat i ng force. It can change system' s shape; but
it does not work. Al t hough it has damp di mensi on, it does not damp action. Then neglect
fluid damp and const ruct i on damp curves on Fig. 6 (a) are curves of equal ampl i t ude. The
influence of solid-liquid coupl ed damp is very complex.
4.5 Pipe' s load-ability is bereaved when flow velocity equals or surpasses Critical velocity.
4.6 When liquid velocity increases from zero gradually, pipe' s every or der nat ural
frequency decrease . I f liquid velocity increases cont i nuousl y, the every or der nat ural
frequency increases again, a n d then decreases, over and over again.
Abs t r act
The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive attack has
an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals to three. In
general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the "weak" shock
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small parameter pur-
terbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem of flying
plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three.
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by computers. Thus
an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity and polytropic
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
1. I nt r oduc t i on
Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of behavior of
materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and explosive welding and
cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of raising it are questions
of common interest.
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate, the normal
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system of equations
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
a p +u_~_xp + au
--ff =o,
au au 1
y =0,
aS a s
a--T =o,
p =p(p, s),
( i . 0
293
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of detonation products
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a boundary and the
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and the state para-
meters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state parameters of products
Solid-Liquid Coupling Dynamics o f Pipe Conveying Fluid 1071
Re f e r e n c e s
[ 1 ] G. W. Housner, Bending vibration of a pipe line containing flowing fluid, J. Appl.
Mech., 19, 6 (1952), 205--208.
[2] V. Y. Feodosiev, The vibration and stability of pipe conveying fluid, Handbook of
Engineers, 10, 3 (1951). (in Russian)
[3] R. H. Long, Experimental and theoretical study of Transverse vibration of a tube
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Abs t r act
The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive attack has
an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals to three. In
general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the "weak" shock
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small parameter pur-
terbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem of flying
plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three.
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by computers. Thus
an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity and polytropic
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
1. I nt r oduc t i on
Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of behavior of
materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and explosive welding and
cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of raising it are questions
of common interest.
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate, the normal
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system of equations
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
a p +u_~_xp + au
--ff =o,
au au 1
y =0,
aS a s
a--T =o,
p =p(p, s),
( i . 0
293
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of detonation products
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a boundary and the
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and the state para-
meters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state parameters of products