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Number Properties I
QUANT LIVE SESSION
Know your concepts
well
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Prime Number & Factors
1. X
n
will have the same prime factors as X.
2. P
n
X
m
will have the same prime factors as X, if
P is a prime factor of X
3. 2, 3 are the only consecutive prime numbers
4. Total number of factors = (Power of 1
st
Prime
factor +1) (Power of 2
nd
Prime factor
+1)
5. A perfect square will have an odd number of
factors
1. A prime number is a positive integer that has
exactly two different positive factors, 1 and
itself
2. 1 and 0 are neither Prime nor Composite.
3. 2 is the smallest Prime number and the only
even Prime number
4. Every positive integer K can be expressed as K
= P
1
m
P
2
n
P
3
r
, where P
1
, P
2
, P
3
are
prime factors and m, n , r are non-negative
integers
Basic Properties
Derived Properties
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Even Odd Numbers - Properties
Even +/- Even = Even
Even +/- Odd = Odd
Odd +/- Odd = Even
Even * Even = Even
Even * Odd = Even
Odd * Odd = Odd
Every EVEN number can be represented as 2n, where n is an integer
Every ODD number can be represented as 2n+1, where n is an integer
Basic Properties:
(Even)
n
+/- (Even)
n
= Even +/- Even = Even
(Odd)
n
+/- (Odd)
n
= Odd +/- Odd = Even
(Even)
n
+/- (Odd)
n
= Even +/- Odd = Odd
(Even)
2
= (2n)
2
= 4n
2
Derived Properties:
Divisible by 4
Properties
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Addition operations on Numbers
1. A
2
+ B
2
= (Even, Odd, Cannot determine)
Answer: Odd
2. A
7
- B
7
= (Even, Odd, Cannot determine)
Answer: Odd
3. A
2
+ B
2
+ C
2
+ D
2
= (Even, Odd, Cannot
determine)
Answer: Even
2 Odd numbers + 2 Even numbers =
Even
A, B, C, D are consecutive integers > 1. Then
1. A
2
+ B
2
+ C
2
= (Even, Odd, Cannot determine)
Answer: Cannot be determined (Two
even #s + One odd# OR Two odd#s +
One Even)
2. A
2
+ B
3
+ C
3
= (Even, Odd, Cannot determine)
Answer: Cannot be determined
Question = MCQ question,
Answer choices: Even, Odd, Cannot be determined
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Factors/Prime Factors
Question = FIB question,
Answer choices: No answer choices needed
If X has 3 prime factors and 8 total
factors, then how many prime factors
will X
n
have? (FIB)
Question 1
If X has 3 prime factors and 8 total
factors, then how many factors will X
n
have? (FIB)
Question 3
If K is a factor of positive integer X that
has 3 Prime factors and 8 total factors,
then how Prime factors does K
2
X
n
have?
Question 2
Answer 3
Answer 3
Answer (n+1)
3
How prime factors does K
2
X
n
have, if K
is Prime, X has 3 Prime factors and the
LCM of K and X is KX?
Question 4
Answer = 3+ 1 = 4
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GCD
If GCD of two numbers (both integers, greater than 1)
is 1, then which of the following can be true?
1. They are prime.
2. They are consecutive.
3. They do not have a common prime factor
4. They do not have a common factor other than 1
I. Only 1
II. Only 2
III. Only 3 and 4
IV. Only 2 and 3
V. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer V 1,2,3,4
If GCD of two numbers (both integers, greater than 1)
is 1, then which of the following must be true?
1. They are prime.
2. They are consecutive.
3. They do not have a common prime factor
4. They do not have a common factor other than 1
I. Only 1
II. Only 2
III. Only 3 and 4
IV. Only 1 and 4
V. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer III Only 3 and 4
Question 1 Question 2
Question = MCQ question,
Answer choices: A, B, C, D, E
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LCM
Answer: Only #3 and #5 Answer: 1, 2, 4, 5
Question 3
If the LCM of two integers a, b (where b> a
and a>1) is b, then which of the following
can be true?
1. Both a and b can be Prime Numbers.
2. Both a and b can be consecutive integers.
3. All prime factors of a must be prime
factors of b.
4. All prime factors of b must be prime
factors of a.
5. b must be a multiple of a.
Question 1
(MAQ)
If the LCM of two integers a, b (where b> a
and a>1) is a*b, then which of the following
can be true?
1. Both a and b can be Prime Numbers.
2. Both a and b can be consecutive integers.
3. All Prime factors of a must be Prime
factors of b.
4. a and b do not share any Prime factors.
5. a and b do not have a common factor
Question 2
(MAQ)
(FIB)
If the LCM of two integers a, b where b> a and a>1 is a*b/5, then what is the GCD of a & b?

Answer: 5, property used a*b = LCM * GCD


Set 1
UNDERSTAND INFORMATION PROPERLY
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Question 1
Is a
n
b
n
odd, if a, b, and n are positive integers?
1. a and b are squares of consecutive natural numbers
2. a
2
+ b
2
is odd
A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
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Question 1 Steps 1 and 2 Understand question statement and Draw Inferences
Question Statement - Is a
n
b
n
odd, if a and b are positive integers?
Given
1. a, b, n > 0
2. a, b, n are integers
To find
Is a
n
b
n
odd?
One of them is odd and the other is even
a
n
b
n
odd Even Odd
a
n
x
b
n
x
a
b
Is a
n
b
n
odd?
Is only one of a or b odd?
Power does not change the
even/odd nature of a number
(Even)
n
= Even
(Odd)
n
= Odd
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Question 1 Step 3 Analyze Statement 1 Independently
Statement 1 - a and b are squares of consecutive natural numbers
Is a
n
b
n
odd?
Is only one of a or b odd?
Consecutive natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Squares 1, 4, 9, 16, 25
{a, b} {1, 4} {4, 9} {9, 16} {16, 25}
Each is an even-odd pair
Answers the question YES! Only one of a or b is odd
Statement 1 is sufficient
a, b integers >0
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Question 1 Step 4 Analyze Statement 2 Independently
Statement 2 - a
2
+ b
2
is odd
(a,b) is an even-odd pair
Answers the question YES! Only one of a or b is odd
Statement 2 is sufficient
a
2
+ b
2
odd Even Odd
a
2
x
b
2
x
Correct answer = Choice D = Either statement is sufficient to answer the question
Is a
n
b
n
odd?
Is only one of a or b odd?
a, b integers >0
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Question 2
Is a
n
b
n
odd, if a, b, and n are positive integers?
1. a and b are squares of consecutive prime numbers
2. a
2
+ b
2
is odd
A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
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From question 1A
Question 2 Step 3 Analyze Statement 1 Independently
Statement 1 - a and b are squares of consecutive prime numbers
Is a
n
b
n
odd?
Is only one of a or b odd?
Consecutive natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Squares 1, 4, 9, 16, 25
{a, b} {1, 4} {4, 9} {9, 16} {16, 25}
Each is an even-odd pair
Answers the question YES! Only one of a or b is odd
Statement 1 is sufficient
Consecutive prime numbers 2, 3, 5, 7
Squares 4, 9, 25, 49
{a, b} {4, 9} {9, 25} {25, 49}
odd-odd
even-odd
Two possible scenarios as shown
Cannot answer the question is only one of a or b odd?
Statement 1 is NOT sufficient
Understanding Information Given in the question is very critical.
Choice B Choice D
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Question 3
What is the remainder when b is divided by a, if a and b are consecutive
perfect squares and b is greater than a?
1. Both a and b are squares of prime numbers.
2. Both a and b have 3 positive factors.
A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
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Question 3 Steps 1 and 2 Understand question statement and Draw Inferences
Question Statement - What is the remainder when b is divided by a, if a and b are consecutive perfect squares
and b is greater than a?
?
Given
1. b > a
2. a and b are consecutive perfect squares
To find
Remainder of b/a = ?
Need to know values of b and a
Consecutive numbers
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Squares
1, 4, 9, 16, 25
{a, b}
{1, 4} {4, 9} {9, 16} {16, 25}
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Question 3 Step 3 Analyze Statement 1 Independently
Statement 1 - Both a and b are squares of prime numbers.
Remainder of b/a = ?
Need to know values of a and b
Values of a, b known
Answers the question remainder can be calculated
Statement 1 is sufficient
Squares of primes 4, 9, 25, 49
Per question {a, b} squares of consecutive numbers
Prime numbers 2, 3, 5, 7
{a, b} = {4, 9}
{a, b} = {1, 4} {4, 9} {9, 16} {16, 25}
a, b are consecutive squares
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Question 3 Step 4 Analyze Statement 2 Independently
Statement 2 - Both a and b have 3 positive factors.
Values of a, b known
Answers the question remainder can be calculated
Statement 2 is sufficient
a
= P
1
2m
P
2
2n

{a, b} = {4, 9}
Remainder of b/a = ?
Need to know values of a and b
{a, b} = {1, 4} {4, 9} {9, 16} {16, 25}
b = P
1
2r
+ P
2
2s
+
a, b are consecutive squares
Total number of factors of a
= (2m+1)(2n+1)
= (2m+1)(2n+1) 3
= (2m+1)(2n+1) (2x1+1)(2x0+1)
a
= P
1
2
a is square of a prime number
Similarly b is square of a prime number
{2, 3} are the only consecutive numbers that are prime
Correct answer = Choice D = Either statement is sufficient to answer the question
Square of prime
number has 3 factors
Set 2
DRAW INFERENCES COMPLETELY
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Question 4
If P = k
3
k, where k and P are positive integers, is P divisible by 4?
1. k = (10x)
n
+ 5
4
where x and n are positive integers
2. (2n+1)k leaves a remainder when divided by 2; n is a positive integer
A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
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Question 4 Steps 1 and 2 Understand question statement and Draw Inferences
Question Statement - If P = k
3
k, where k and P are positive integers, is P divisible by 4?
?
Given
P = k
3
k
To find
If P is divisible by 4.
= k(k
2
-1)
= k(k-1)(k+1)
= (k-1) k(k+1)
= Product of 3 consecutive integers
Case 1
Case 2
(k-1) : even
(k+1) : even
=2m
=2m + 2
product has 4 P always divisible by 4
(k-1) : odd
(k+1) : odd
=2m
product has 2
P divisible by 4
if
k is divisible by 4
k: odd
k: even
P may or may not
be divisible by 4
P is divisible by 4 if either
1. k is odd or
2. k is even & k is divisible by 4
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Question 4 Step 3 Analyze Statement 1 Independently
Statement 1: k = (10x)
n
+ 5
4
where x and n are positive integers
Answers the question P is divisible by 4
Statement 1 is sufficient
P = (k-1) k(k+1)
Is P is divisible by 4?
P is divisible by 4 if either
1. k is odd or
2. k is even & k is divisible by 4
k = (10x)
n
+ 5
4
= 2
n
(5x)
n
+ 5
4
even odd
+
k is odd
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Question 4 Step 4 Analyze Statement 2 Independently
Statement 2: (2n+1)k leaves a remainder when divided by 2
Answers the question P is divisible by 4
Statement 2 is sufficient
P = (k-1) k(k+1)
Is P is divisible by 4?
P is divisible by 4 if either
1. k is odd or
2. k is even & k is divisible by 4
(2n + 1) k is odd
odd odd
k is odd
Correct answer = Choice D = Either statement is sufficient to answer the question
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Question 5
If P = k
3
k
2
, where k and P are positive integers, is P divisible by 4?
1. k = (10x)
n
+ 5
4
where x and n are positive integers and n > 1.
2. (2n+1)k leaves a remainder when divided by 2; n is a positive integer
A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
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Question 4 vs. 5
If P = k
3
k, where k and P are positive integers, is P divisible by 4?
1. k = (10x)
n
+ 5
4
where x and n are positive integers
2. (2n+1)k leaves a remainder when divided by 2; n is a positive integer
If P = k
3
k
2
, where k and P are positive integers, is P divisible by 4?
1. k = (10x)
n
+ 5
4
where x and n are positive integers and n > 1.
2. (2n+1)k leaves a remainder when divided by 2; n is a positive integer
3A
3B
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Question 5 Steps 1 and 2 Understand question statement and Draw Inferences
Question Statement - If P = k
3
k
2
, where k and P are positive integers, is P divisible by 4?
?
Given
P = k
3
k
2
To find
If P is divisible by 4.
= k
2
(k-1)
Case 1
Case 2
(k-1) : even =2n
product has 4 P always divisible by 4 (k-1) : odd
=2n
product has 2
P divisible by 4
if
(k-1) is divisible by 4
k: odd
k: even
P may or may not
be divisible by 4
P is divisible by 4 if either
1. k is even or
2. k is odd & k-1 is divisible by 4
k
2
: odd
k
2
: even
=(2n)
2
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Question 5 Step 3 Analyze Statement 1 Independently
Statement 1: k = (10x)
n
+ 5
4
where x and n are positive integers and n>1
Answers the question P is divisible by 4
Statement 1 is sufficient
P = k
2
(k-1)
Is P is divisible by 4?
k = (10x)
n
+ 5
4
= 2
n
(5x)
n
+ 5
4
even odd
+
k is odd
P is divisible by 4 if either
1. k is even or
2. k is odd & k-1 is divisible by 4
Is k 1 divisible by 4?
k 1 = (10x)
n
+ 5
4
- 1
n > 1 n 2 100x
n
625 1 + - =
Tens and units digit = 24
(k-1) is divisible by 4
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Question 5 Step 4 Analyze Statement 2 Independently
Statement 2: (2n+1)k leaves a remainder when divided by 2; n is a positive integer.
Does not answer the question P is divisible by 4
Statement 2 is NOT sufficient
(2n + 1) k is odd
odd odd
k is odd
Correct answer = Choice A = Statement 1 is sufficient but statement 2 is not
Is P is divisible by 4?
P is divisible by 4 if either
1. k is even or
2. k is odd & k-1 is divisible by 4
Dont know if k-1 is divisible by 4
P = k
2
(k-1)
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Question 6
Is a
n
b
n
+ c
n
+ d
n
odd, if a, b, c, and d are positive integers >1?
1. a, b, c, and d are squares of consecutive prime numbers
2. a
5
when divided by 200 has the quotient 0
A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
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Question 6 Steps 1 and 2 Understand question statement and Draw Inferences
Question Statement - Is a
n
b
n
+ c
n
+ d
n
odd, if a, b, c, and d are positive integers >1?
Given
1. a, b, c, and d > 1
2. a, b, c, and d are integers
To find
Is a
n
b
n
+ c
n
+ d
n
odd?
Is 1 or are 3 of the
4 numbers odd?
Power does not change the
even/odd nature of a
number
(Even)
n
= Even
(Odd)
n
= Odd
a b c d = e or o?
o o o o = e
e o o o = o
e e e o = o
e e e e = e
e e o o = e
An expression with sum or difference of integers is odd if odd number of terms are odd.
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Question 6 Step 3 Analyze Statement 1 Independently
Statement 1 - a, b, c, and d are squares of consecutive prime numbers
Consecutive prime numbers 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13
Squares 4, 9, 25, 49, 121, 169
{a, b, c, d} {4, 9, 25, 49}
e, o, o, o
Does not answer the question the expression can be either even or odd
Statement 1 is not sufficient
a, b, c, and d > 1
Is a
n
b
n
+ c
n
+ d
n
odd?
Is 1 or are 3 of the 4 numbers odd?
{9, 25, 49, 121} {25, 49, 121, 169}
o, o, o, o o, o, o, o
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Question 6 Step 4 Analyze Statement 1 Independently
Statement 2 - a
5
when divided by 200 has the quotient 0.
Does not answer the question the expression can be either even or odd
Statement 2 is not sufficient
a, b, c, and d > 1
Is a
n
b
n
+ c
n
+ d
n
odd?
Is 1 or are 3 of the 4 numbers odd?
a
5
/200 has quotient 0
a
5
< 200
a = 2
a = 3
a
5
= 32
a
5
= 243
a = 2 But we dont know if b, c, and d are odd or even
a 1
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Question 6 Step 5 Analyze Statements 1 & 2 Together
Statements 1& 2
Answers the question
Both together are sufficient
a, b, c, and d > 1
Is a
n
b
n
+ c
n
+ d
n
odd?
Is 1 or are 3 of the 4 numbers odd?
a = 2
Statement 1
{a, b, c, d} {4, 9, 25, 49}
e, o, o, o
{9, 25, 49, 121} {25, 49, 121, 169}
o, o, o, o o, o, o, o
Statement 2
{a, b, c, d} = {4, 9, 25, 49}
e, o, o, o
3 of the numbers are odd
Correct answer = Choice C = Both together are sufficient
Set 3
DECOUPLE FROM STATEMENT 1
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Question 7
How many distinct prime factors does Q have, if Q is a perfect square of a
positive integer?
1. Q is odd and 8Q
8
has four distinct prime factors
2. 8Q and Q
2
do not have the same set of prime factors
A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
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Question 7 Steps 1 and 2 Understand question statement and Draw Inferences
Question Statement - How many distinct prime factors does Q have, if Q is a perfect square of a positive
integer?
?
Given
Q is a perfect square of a positive integer
To find
Number of prime factors of Q
Number of Prime Factors of Q
NOT Total number of factors!
Q is a positive integer
Q = (Q)
2
If X and n are integers,
X
n
has the same prime factors as X
Eg: 3
2
& 3 have the same prime factor: 3
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Question 7 Step 3 Analyze Statement 1 Independently
Statement 1: Q is odd and 8Q
8
has four distinct prime factors
Answers the question Q has 3 distinct prime factors
Statement 1 is sufficient
Q is a positive integer
# of Prime factors of Q # of Prime factors of Q
8Q
8
= 2
3
Q
8
Prime factors of 8Q
8
= 2, Prime factors of Q
8
Q is odd
Prime factors of Q
X
n
has the same prime factors as X
Odd
4
1
3 2
If Q were even
2 is a prime factor of Q
Q has 4 prime factors
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Question 7 Step 4 Analyze Statement 2 Independently
Statement 2: 8Q and Q
2
do not have the same set of prime factors
Statement 2 is NOT sufficient
Q is a positive integer
# of Prime factors of Q # of Prime factors of Q
8Q = 2
3
Q
Prime factors of 8Q = 2, Prime factors of Q
Prime factors of Q
2
X
n
has the same prime factors as X
Q is odd
Odd
How Many?
Correct answer = Choice A = Statement 1 is sufficient but statement 2 is not
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IF STATEMENT II IS NOT DECOUPLED FROM STATEMENT 1
Question 7 ERROR ALERT!!!
Prime factors of 8Q
8
= 2, Prime factors of Q
8
Prime factors of Q
Odd
4
1
3 2
8Q = 2
3
Q
Prime factors of 8Q = 2, Prime factors of Q
Prime factors of Q
2
Q is odd
Odd
How Many?
Statement 1 Statement 2
You may assume that there are 4 factors of 8Q
And you may consider Statement 2 to be sufficient as well
Answer = Choice D = Either statement is sufficient to answer the question
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Question 8
How many distinct factors does Q have, if Q is a perfect square of a positive
integer?
1. Q is odd and 8Q
8
has four distinct prime factors
2. 8Q and Q
2
do not have the same set of prime factors
A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
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Question 8 Steps 1 and 2 Understand question statement and Draw Inferences
Question Statement - How many distinct factors does Q have, if Q is a perfect square of a positive integer?
Given
Q is a perfect square of a positive integer
To find
Number of distinct factors of Q
Each prime factor of Q has even power
Q = P
1
2m
P
2
2n
P
3
2q
. . .
Where P
1
, P
2
, P
3
. . . are prime numbers
m, n, q . . . are positive integers
Total number of factors of Q = (2m+1)(2n+1)(2q+1)
Q = P
1
m
P
2
n
P
3
q
. . .
(m+1)(n+1)(q+1)
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Question 8 Step 3 Analyze Statement 1 Independently
Statement 1: Q is odd and 8Q
8
has four distinct prime factors
Statement 1 is NOT sufficient
Q = P
1
2m
P
2
2n
P
3
2q
. . .
# of factors of Q (m+1)(n+1)(q+1) . . .
8Q
8
= 2
3
Q
8
Prime factors of 8Q
8
= 2, Prime factors of Q
8
Q is odd
Prime factors of Q
X
n
has the same prime factors as X
Odd
4
1
3 2
Q = P
1
2m
P
2
2n
P
3
2q
m, n, q
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Question 8 Step 4 Analyze Statement 2 Independently
Statement 2: 8Q and Q
2
do not have the same set of prime factors
Statement 2 is NOT sufficient
8Q = 2
3
Q
Prime factors of 8Q = 2, Prime factors of Q
Prime factors of Q
2
X
n
has the same prime factors as X
Q is odd
Odd
How Many?
Q = P
1
2m
P
2
2n
P
3
2q
. . .
# of factors of Q (m+1)(n+1)(q+1) . . .
What powers?
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Question 8 Step 5 Analyze Statements 1 & 2 Together
Statements 1& 2
Statement 1
Statement 2
Correct answer = Choice E = Both together are not sufficient
Q = P
1
2m
P
2
2n
P
3
2q
. . .
# of factors of Q (m+1)(n+1)(q+1) . . .
Q = P
1
2m
P
2
2n
P
3
2q
P
1
P
2
P
3
2
Q is odd
Statement 1 + 2 are NOT sufficient
m, n, q
3 prime factors, all odd
Set 4
SIMPLIFYING INFORMATION
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Question 9
Does P have a factor X where1<X<P and X and P are positive integers?
1. GCD (P
2
, k) = k, where k is a prime number
2. 36*20 + 2 < P < 36*20+6
A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
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Question 9 Steps 1 and 2 Understand question statement and Draw Inferences
Question Statement - Does P have a factor X where1<X<P and X and P are positive integers?
Given
X, P are positive integers
To find
Does P have a factor X between 1 and P?
Is P Prime?
1 < X < P
P > 1
A prime number has only two factors: 1 and the number itself
A composite number will have at least one factor between 1 and the number itself
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Question 9 Step 3 Analyze Statement 1 Independently
Statement 1: GCD (P
2
, k) = k, where k is a prime number
Statement 1 is not sufficient
X, P are positive integers Does P have a factor X between
1 and P?
Is P prime?
P
2
is divisible by k
k is a prime number
k is a prime factor of P
2
k is a prime factor of P
X
n
has the same prime factors as X
P = nk
If n = 1
P is Prime
If n 1
P is NOT Prime
Think:
Let k = 5
P = 5n
(n is an integer)
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Question 9 Step 4 Analyze Statement 2 Independently
Statement 2: 36*20 + 2 < P < 36*20+6
X, P are positive integers Does P have a factor X between
1 and P?
Is P prime?
Possible values of P:
36*20 + 3 36*20 + 4 36*20 + 5
3(12*20 + 1) 4(8*20 + 1) 5(36*4 + 1)
Divisible by 3 Divisible by 4 Divisible by 5
NOT Prime NOT Prime
NOT Prime
Statement 2 is sufficient
Correct answer = Choice B = Statement 2 is sufficient but statement 1 is not
You need to be smart about simplifying information in order to arrive at the answer.
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Question 10
If P and Q are positive integers and Q = 10 + 4P, find the GCD of P and Q
1. Q = 10 x, where x is a positive integer
2. P = 10 y, where y is a positive integer
A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.
D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.
E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.
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Question 10 Steps 1 and 2 Understand question statement and Draw Inferences
Question Statement - If P and Q are positive integers and Q = 10 + 4P, find the GCD of P and Q
Given
P, Q are positive integers
To find
GCD of P and Q
Q = 10 + 4P
P = (Q- 10)/4
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Question 10 Step 3 Analyze Statement 1 Independently
Statement 1: Q = 10 x, where x is a positive integer
Statement 1 is not sufficient
Q = 10 + 4P P = (Q- 10)/4
GCD of P and Q = ?
P, Q are integers
P = (Q- 10)/4
P = (10x- 10)/4
P = 5(x- 1)/2
P is an integer
x 1 is even
ODD
x P Q GCD (P,Q)
3 5 30 5
5 10 50 10
7 15 70 5
GCD may be 5 or 10
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Question 10 Step 4 Analyze Statement 2 Independently
Statement 2: P = 10 y, where y is a positive integer
Statement 2 is sufficient
Q = 10 + 4P P = (Q- 10)/4
GCD of P and Q = ?
P, Q are integers
Q = 10 + 4P
Q = 10 + 4(10y)
Q = 10(4y + 1)
y P Q GCD (P,Q)
1 10 50 10
2 20 90 10
3 30 130 10
GCD is always10
Correct answer = Choice B = Statement 2 is sufficient but statement 1 is not
Final Words
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Key Takeaways
Know your concepts well.
Go through the concept files in detail and retain the basic and derived properties.
Follow the process with due diligence
Steps 1 & 2 Understand the question and draw inferences
Step 3 Analyze Statement 1
Step 4 Analyze Statement 2
Practice how to simplify information in order to answer the question at hand
thoroughly completely
Decouple from statement 1
Will come with practice
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Next Steps
Attempt Post-Session Quiz
In Quant Online
Number Properties I block
Prepare for next Session
In Quant Online
Number Properties II block

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