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v r v v
r
+ =
dt
d
v
u
u
=
dt
dr
v
r
=
T A
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Handover decision based on the estimated radial velocity
UE calculates radial velocities for serving eNB and all of candidate
eNBs for handover decision
The smallest for an eNB indicates that the UE approaches to the eNB
faster than other eNBs
Mobility-Based Handover Mechanism
r
v
r
v
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Start
Measure and of serving
and candidate eNBs
RSS of serving eNB < ?
Yes
No
= ?
Handover to dddddddddddd
Yes
End
No
Th
P
Find dddddddddddandddddddddddd
j
r
v
( ) { }
j
m
P max arg ( ) { }
j
r
v min arg
j
m
P
( ) { }
j
m
P max arg ( ) { }
j
r
v min arg
( ) { }
j
m
P max arg
Measure of serving
and candidate eNBs after df seconds
j
m
P
Find dddddddddd ( ) { }
j
m
P max arg
m
T
: RSS from eNB j
: Radial velocity for eNB j
: Threshold for handover triggering
Mobility-Based Handover Mechanism (cont.)
Th
P
j
m
P
j
r
v
: RSS measurement interval (sec) m
T
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Performance Evaluation
Simulation environment
Channel modeling
Okumura-Hata path-loss
model
Shadowing (8 dB stand.)
Multipath fading
Simulation parameters
Radial velocity estimation
Average of 100,000 iterations
Handover mechanism
Average for 10,000 seconds
Parameters Value
1 sec
0.05 sec
20
128.1 dB
37.6 dB
Radio transmission power 46 dBm
Shadowing standard deviation 8 dB
Shadowing correlation distance 50 m
Cellular environments
Hexagonal grid, 3 sites,
wrap around
Carrier frequency 2 GHz
Inter-eNB distance 1000 m
Mobility Model Random walk model
Number of UEs 10 UEs per cell
T A
m
T
N
1
K
2
K
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Simulation Results
Estimation error
Difference between the actual and the estimated radial velocities
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Simulation Results (cont.)
Cumulative distribution function of the inter-HO intervals
Different path-loss models are used for channel modeling in simulations
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We have proposed two schemes in the paper
Radial velocity estimation methodology
Enable an UE to estimate radial velocity for eNB
Translate changes in RSS to radial velocity by using path-loss model
Handover decision mechanism based on the estimated mobility
Help an UE to select appropriate eNB to handover
Considering radial velocity can improve accuracy of the handover
decision
Since the radial velocity implies actual mobility of the UE
Conclusion
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Thank you and have a nice time in APCC 2010!
Feel free to ask any question via noooi@ece.skku.ac.kr