Name: Roma M.

Dela Cruz BSED-MAPEH

B. Discuss each of the following terms:
1. Chemical equation
-describes what happens in a chemical reaction. The equation identifies
the reactants(starting materials) and products(resulting substance), the formulas of the participants,
the phases of the participants (solid, liquid, gas), and the amount of each substance. Balancing a
chemical equation refers to establishing the mathematical relationship between the quantity of
reactants and products. The quantities are expressed as grams or moles.

2. Electromotive series
-listing of chemical species ( atoms , molecules , and ions) in the order of their tendency to
gain or lose electrons (be reduced or oxidized , respectively),expressed in volts and measured with
reference to the hydrogen electrode , which is taken as a standard and arbitrarily assigned the
voltage of zero . At the hydrogen electrode , an aqueous solution containing hydrogen in its
oxidized form (the hydrogen ion , H
+
)at a concentration of one mole per liter is maintained at
25C(77F)in equilibrium with hydrogen in its reduced form (hydrogen gas , H2)at a pressure of
one atmosphere . The reversible oxidation-reduction half reaction is expressed by the equation 2H
+
+ 2e
-

Cu + Zn
2+
has a potential of -1.10 volts. In conformity with the 1953 convention, the
negative value of the voltage indicates that this reaction proceeds spontaneously from left to right
as written: that is, metallic zinc dissolves in a solution of copper (II) ions to form metallic copper
and to set free zinc (II) ions in the solution.

3. Combination reaction
-Is a reaction where two reactants are combined into one product . Those reaction in
which two or more elements or compounds combine together to form a single compound are
called combination reaction.

4. Decomposition reaction
-is a type of chemical reaction were one reactant yields two or more products.

The general form for decomposition reactions is

AB A+B

5. Replacement reaction
Single replacement: This is when one element trades places with another element in a compound. These
reactions come in the general form of:
A + BC ---> AC + B
One example of a single displacement reaction is when magnesium replaces hydrogen in water to make
magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen gas:
Mg + 2 H2O ---> Mg(OH)2 + H2
Double replacement: This is when the anions and cations of two different molecules switch places,
forming two entirely different compounds. These reactions are in the general form:
AB + CD ---> AD + CB
One example of a double displacement reaction is the reaction of lead (II) nitrate with potassium iodide to
form lead (II) iodide and potassium nitrate:
Pb(NO3)2 + 2 KI ---> PbI2 + 2 KNO3

6. Metathesis reaction
-a reaction in which two compounds exchange ions, typically with precipitation of
an insoluble product.

7. Neutralization reaction
-Special types of double displacement reactions that involve the reaction between
an acid and base to form a salt and water.
acid + base salt + water

Heat is usually given off in neutralization reactions.

A suspension of solid magnesium hydroxide in water is widely used as an antacid to
neutralize excess stomach acid:

Mg(OH)2 (s) + 2HCl (aq) MgCl2 (aq) + 2H2O (l)