DESIGN OF DECK SLAB FOR BRIDGE

Design of RCC Deck Slab for 5.0m clear span :

Clear Span
Assumed thickness of slab
Clear cover
Main reinforcement
Effective depth available

=
5.00 m
=
400 mm
=
35 mm
=
16mm HYSD bars
=
400 - 35 - 16/2
=
357 mm
The single lane road bridge is designed for IRC class 'A' loading.
The RCC Deck Slab is proposed in M - 20 grade.
Allowable stresses : [ RCC M-20]
2
cbc
=
7 N/mm
2
st
=
190 N/mm
m
=
13.33
k
=
0.3872
j
=
0.8709
Q
=
1.1802
Unit weight of water
=
10 KN/m3
3
Unit weight of concrete
=
25 KN/m
Effective span will be least of the following :
i)
C/C of Support
=
5.0 + 0.5 [bearing]
=
5.5 m
ii)
Clear Span +Effective depth
=
5.00 + 0.357
=
5.357 m
Therefore Effective span
=
5.357 m
Clear Carriage way width
=
4.25 m
Width of slab
=
4.25 + 2 x 0.225 + 2 x0.2 - 2 x 0.09
=
4.92 m
[As per Clause 211.2 of IRC 6 - Pg.22]
Impactor factor
=
4.5/(6.0+Effective span)
=
0.396 m
Bending Moment due to Dead Load :
Weight of Slab & Wearing Coat

=
(0.4 + 0.075) x 25
=
11.875 kN
Bending Moment [Wl2/8]
=
11.875 x 5.357^2/8
=
42.60 kN - m
Bending Moment due to Live Load : [As per IRC code 21 -2000, section 305.16.2]
Bef
x a x (1-(a/Lo)) + bw
=
Where

Bef

the effective width of slab on which the road acts.

Lo

the effective span.

the distance of the centre of gravity of the concentrated load from
the nearest support.
the breadth of concentration area of the load i.e the dimension of the
type/ track contact area over the road surface of the slab in a
direction at right angles to the span plus twice the thickness of

bw

wearing coat or surface finish above the structural slab and

A constant having the following values depending upon the ration

[b/Lo]

=
=
[b/Lo]

b/Lo
where b is the width of the slab.
[4.92/5.357]
0.918
of
For [] value
0.900
1.000
0.100
Difference

For

Difference

=
=

2.360
2.480
0.120

2.36+[0.018x0.12]/0.10
2.382

Road Bridge Design

Page1

For Maximum bending moment the two wheel loads of 11.40 t kept such that the resultant of two loads
and one of the loads should be kept equidistant from the centre of the span. The position of loads is
shown in the sketch.
Dispersion width under 'C' [11.40 t]
Bef
x a x (1-(a/Lo)) + bw
=
=
2.382 x 2.379 x [1-2.379/5.357] +0.65
=
3.80 m
>
1.8 m
Hence dispersion width overlap.
Therefore, combined width of dispersion
=
1.8 + [0.225+0.15+(0.5/2)]+3.8/2
=
4.325 m
Intensity of load
=
Load (impact factor)/combined dispersion width
=
3.68 t
=
36.8 kN
Dispersion width under 'D'
Bef
x a x (1-(a/Lo)) + bw
=
=
2.382 x 1.778 x [1-1.778/5.357] +0.65
=
3.48 m
>
1.8 m
Hence dispersion width overlap.
Therefore, combined width of dispersion
=
1.8 + 0.625+3.48/2
=
4.165 m
Intensity of load
=
Load (impact factor)/combined dispersion width
=
3.82 t
=
38.2 kN
For maximum bending moment the position of load system is as shown below:
3.677
3.829
2.379

0.3 0.3

0.6

1.778

2.679
5.357

Taking moments about right support 'B'

RA x 5.357
RA

=
=
=

3.677 x 2.978 + 3.829 x 1.778

3.31 t
33.1 kN

Max.Bending Moment due to Live Load

Therefore totalB.M
Effective depth required (d)

Effective depth available

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
<

RA x 2.379
78.74 kN - m
Livel Load B.M + Dead Load B.M
121.34 kN - m
sqrt(B.M/Qb)
sqrt((121.34x 10^6)/(1.1802 x 1000)
320.64 mm
320.64 mm
357.00 mm

Hence assumed depth of slab 400mm is O.K

Hence Safe.

Road Bridge Design

Page2

Main Reinforcement Calculations:

Area of steel required (Ast)

BM/st x j x d
2054.01 mm

Therefore provide 20mm dia @

spacing

=
314 x 1000/2054.01
=
152.8715 mm
Say
150 m c/c
2
Area of steel provided
=
2093.33 mm
Distribution steel:
[ As per clause 305.18.1 of IRC code 21 - 2000, section III]
B.M considered for distribution steel.
=
0.3 x Live Load B.M + 0.2 Dead Load B.M
=
32.14 kN-m.
Area of steel [Ast]
=
32.14 x 10^6/(190 x 0.8709 x 357)
2
=
544.10 mm
But min. area to be provided is 0.12% of gross cross sectional area
=
(0.12 x 400 x 1000)/100
2
=
48.00 mm
Therefore provide 10mm dia bars @
Spacing
=
78.53 x 1000/48
=
144.33 mm
say
140 mm c/c
2
Ast provided
=
560.93 mm
Check for shear:
Maximum shear due to dead load
=
WL/2
=
29.69 kN
Maximum shear due to live load, as per clause 305.16.5 of IRC 21 - 2000
Longitudinal dispersion
=
0.25+2x(0.4+0.075)
=
1.2 m
Therefore the load of 11.4t may be kept at 1.2/2 = 0.6m from the support for maximum shear.
11.4 t

11.4 t
1.2

0.6
C

5.357

Dispersion under Load 'C':

Bef

Hence dispersion width overlap.

Therefore, combined width of
dispersion
Intensity of Load

=
=
=
>

x a x (1-(a/Lo)) + bw
2.382 x 0.6 x [1-0.6/5.357] +0.65
1.92 m
1.8 m

=
=
=
=
=

2.425 + 1.92/2
3.385 m
Load (Impact factor)/ combined dispersion width
[11.4 x (1.396)/3.385
4.70 t

200
150
225

1800
250

225+150+1800+250

Road Bridge Design

2425

Page3

Dispersion under Load 'D':

Bef

=
=
=
>

x a x (1-(a/Lo)) + bw
2.382 x [0.6+1.2] x [1-(0.6+1.2)/5.357] +0.65
3.50 m
1.8 m

=
=
=
=
=

2.425 + 3.5/2
4.175 m
Load (Impact factor)/ combined dispersion width
[11.4 x (1.396)/4.175
3.81 t
3.813 t

Hence dispersion width overlap.

Therefore, combined width of
dispersion
Intensity of Load

4.702 t
0.6

1.2

5.357

Taking moments about 'B'

RA x 5.357

(4.702 x 4.757) + (3.813 x 3.557)

RA

=
6.71 t
=
67.07 kN
Total Shear
=
67.07+29.69
=
96.76 kN
Shear stress
=
96.76 x 1000/[1000 x 357]
2
=
0.27 N/mm
As per clause 304.7.2 of IRC section - III, the maximum permissible shear stress
0.07 fck
Tmax
=
=
0.07 x 20
2
=
1.4 N/mm
2
>
0.27 N/mm
T<Tc
where Tc
=
permissible shear stress
Tc
=
k1 x k2 x Tco
k1
=
1.14 - 0.7d
>
0.5 [d in m]
k2
=
0.5 + 0.25p
>
1
Tco
=
basic values for different grades of concrete
=
=
Longitudinal reinforcement ratio
=
k1
=
1.14 - 0.7 x 35.7/[100]
=
0.89
>
0.5
k2
=
0.5+0.25 x [22.34/2] x 1/[100 x 35.7]
=
0.50078
<
1
Hence take k2
=
1
Tc
=
0.89 x 1 x 0.28
2
=
0.249 N/mm
<
0.27 N/mm2
Hence Tc < T , shear reinforcement shall be provided to cater to full shear
V

Tbd
Balance shear

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
<

0.28 Mpa
As/bd

> 1

Asw x [sigma]s x d x [sina+cosa]/spacing

0.5 x 2235 x 190 x 357 x [1.414] /180
595451.31 N
595.45 kN
0.249 x 1000 x 357
88.89 kN
96.76 - 88.89
7.87 kN
595.45 kN

Hence shear

Road Bridge Design

Page4

DESIGN OF FOOT BRIDGE

DESIGN
The design consist of

1)
2)

Design of slab spanning between the Kerb

Design of Kerb as beam.

Design of slab:
Loads:
a)

Self weight of slab

b)

Weight of wearing coat

c)

Live Load as per bridge code

[as per para 209.1 of IRC 6:1966]
Total load

Width of slab in between kerbs

Thickness of slab
Size of Kerbs
Effective width of slab
Max.B.M

=
=
=
=

0.1 x1 x 24
2.4 kN/m
0.075x24
1.8 kN/m

=
=

4 kN
8.2 kN/m

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

1.50 m
0.10 m
150 mm
1.5+0.15/2+0.15/2
1.65 m
Wl2/8
2.791 kN-m

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
>

7 N/mm
2
190 N/mm
13.33
0.332
0.889
1.034
10 KN/m3
3
24 KN/m
sqrt(M/Qxb)
51.96 mm
0.10 - 0.025 - 0.006
0.069 m
0.0520 m( required)

=
=

M/st x j x d
2
239.35 mm

=
=

Area of 1 bar x 1000/ total area

472.11 mm
3xd
207.00 mm

625 mm

M15 grade and HYSD bars

Stresses:
cbc
st
m
k
j
Q
Unit weight of water
Unit weight of concrete
Effective depth required (d)
Available effective depth

Ast required

Hence OK
Ast

Spacing of 12mm bars @

Spacing
However the spacing should not exceed 3 x d i.e

=
Hence provide 12mm @200mm c/c
Ast provided
O
Distribution steel :
0.12% of the section [as per para 25.6.21 of IS : 456 - 2000]

Spacing
Spacing should not exceed

=
=
=

Area of 1 bar x 1000/spacing

2
565 mm

0.12/100 x 100 x 1000

2
120.00 mm
78.5 x 1000/120
654.1667 mm c/c
5xd
5 x 69
345.00 mm

=
=
=
=
=

Provide 10mm bars @ 300mm clc

Design of Foot Bridge

Page5

Check for Shear :

Shear force [V]

=
=
=
=
=

Shear stress [V]

8.2 x 1.5/2
6.15 kN
V/bd
6.15x 1000/1000x 69
2
0.089 N/mm

Percentage of steel per metre run of slab

[100 x As/(b x d)]

=
100 x 565/(1000 x 69)
=
0.409 %
From table 23 of IS: 456:2000 the permissible shear stress [ without shear reinforcement in slab] for 0.409% steel is 0.265 N/mm2
As per B-5.2.1.1, the permissible shear
stress in conrete

=
=
=
>

kc
1.3 x 0.265
2
0.345 N/mm
c

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

0.5 x1.5 x 0.1 x 24

1.80 kN/m
0.5 x 1.5 x 0.075 x 24
1.35 kN/m
0.15 x 0.625 x 24
2.25 kN/m
0.358 kN/m
0.5 x 4 x 1.5
3.00 kN/m
8.758 kN/m
5.00 m providing 16 mm bars.
625 - 25 - 16/2
592.00 mm

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
<
=

5.0 + 0.45
5.45 m
5.0+0.592
5.592 m
5.45 m
Wl2/8
32.517 kN - m
sqrt(32.517x10^6/1.034 x 150)
457.97 mm
592.00 mm Provided
M/(st xjxd)

Hence no shear reinforcement required.

Design of beam:
Loads:
a)
Self weight of slab
b)

Weight of wearing coat

c)

self weight of Kerb

d)
e)

Hand Railing
Live load as per bridge code
Total Load (W)

Clear span
Effective depth
Effective span (l) :
i)
Clear span + bearing
ii)

Clear span + effective depth

Adopt least of the two,

Maximum Bending Moment
Effective depth required

Ast required

=
Provide 2 Nos of 16mm bars @600mm clc
Spacing
Area of steel provided

=
=
=
=
>

Hence OK
Minimum reinforcement:
Minimum reinforcement as per clause 26.5.1.1 of IS:456 - 2000
As/bd
is
=
Ast
=
=

2
325.07 mm

201 x 1000/325.07
618.33 mm
201 x 1000/600
2
335.00 mm
3
325.07 mm required

0.85/fy
0.85 x 150 x592 /415
2
192.02 mm

Design of Foot Bridge

Page6

Design of Kerb for horizontal thrust of 7.5 kN/ run:

Horizontal load per metre run
Bending Moment due to this force

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

7.5 kN/m
7.5 x 0.625
4.6875 kN-m
150 - 25 - 16/2
117.00 mm
4.6875/(190 x 0.889 x 117)
2
237.11 mm
[1000 x 50.26]/237.11
2
211.97 mm

=
=
=
=

0.1% of beam area

0.1/100 x 625 x 150
2
93.75 mm
2
100.52 mm

Shear force [V]

=
=

8.758 x 5/2
21.90 kN

Shear stress [V]

=
=
=
=
=

V/bd
21.90 x 1000/(150 x 592)
2
0.247 N/mm
100 x 335/(150 x 592)
0.377 %

Effective depth available

Ast required
Spacing of stirrups
Provide 8mm dia bars as vertical links @200mm clc.
Side face reinforcement:
[As per IS: 456 - 2000 para 26.5.1.3 ]

Ast provided
Provide 8mm dia bars @500mm c/c
Check for Shear:

Percentage steel requirement

From table 23 of IS:456 - 2000 the permissible shear
stress without shear reinforcement

=
>

0.26 N/mm
0.247 N/mm2

Hence Ok

Design of Foot Bridge

Page7

DESIGN OF BUTTRESS TYPE U.T

I
S.No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
II

Hydraulic Particulars of Canal at the site of Crossing are:

Description
Discharge
Bed width
Full Supply Level
Bed fall
Velocity
Free board
Value of 'n'
Side slopes (inner/outer)
Top width of banks (L/R)
Canal bed level
Full Supply depth
Top of bank level

Unit
Cumecs
m
m
-m/sec
m
-m
m
m
m

Particulars of Stream are :

Km2
a) Catchment area
b) Max.flood discharge (as per
Dicken's formula) MFD
Cumecs
c) Observed MFL at the Crossing
d) Stream bed level at the Crossing
e) Bed fall of stream from
400m.U/S to 1700m D/S

III

Particulars

16.87
139.02

Hydraulic Calculations:
KM2
Catchment area
=
16.87
CM3/4
MFD as per Dicken's formula(Q)
=
( taking the value of C = 16.7 since the catchment area of stream is in between 2.5 to 75KM2)
Q
=
139.012
Cumecs
Say
139.02
Cumecs

IV

Vent Way:

Keeping in view the larger M.F.D and length of structure in canal flow direction a B.T.U.T is proposed.
Adopt 5 vents of 5m clear span for stream flow.
The C.B.L at the site of crossing
=
18.26
Thickness of trough (assumed)
=
0.36 m
The bottom of trough
=
Barrel width at entry
=
Barrel width at exit
=
Floor level :
A down ward gradient of 1 in 223 is given in the barrel floor (150mm fall in the entire length of barrel).

The floor level at the entry of barrel (at the end of u/s transition)
The floor level at the centre
The floor level at the starting of d/s transition or at the end of barrel
The d/s stream transition level
V

VI

Transitions :
a) U/S transition:
Length of transition
Length of transition upto the toe of drop wall
Width of transition over drop wall
b) D/S transition:
Length of transition
Width of transition
Length of transition upto the end of cut off wall

=
=
=
=

=
=
=
=
=
=

Area of Flow
Assume the depth of flow in the barrel as twice the difference
between OMFL and floor level
Depth of barrel at the centre
Barrel width at the bottom
Barrel at xx m depth
Area of flow at the centre of barrel
Velocity in the barrel

=
=
=
=
=
=

Design of trough slab

0.3

a)

Bottom slab:- (Designed as simply supported)

0.75 free board

1.8

40mm sealing coat

0.42

25
Clear span
=
5.00
Adopt M20 grade
From IS 3370 (part -II) - 1965 & IS - 456- 2000
cbc
=
7
st
=
190
m
=
13.33
k
=
0.3321
j
=
0.8893
Q
=
1.0338
Unit weight of water
=
10
Unit weight of concrete
=
25
Unit weight of plain concrete
=
24
Assume an overall thickness of slab
=
420
Using 20mm dia bars with 30m clear cover
effective depth
=
420 - 20/2 -30
=
380 mm
effective span
=
Clear span + (end bearings/2)
or
Clear span + effective depth
effective span
=
which ever is less
=
5.50 m
or
5.38 m
Hence effective span
=
5.38 m
Loads per m span:
Water Load
Self weight of slab
Total Load
Max.BM

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

N/mm
2
N/mm

KN/m3
KN/m3
KN/m3
mm

(1.8+0.75)x10
25.50 KN/m
(0.42+0.04)x25
11.5 KN/m
37.00 KN/m
Wl2/8
133.87 KN-m

effective depth
required (d)

=
sqrt(M/Qb)
=
359.85 mm
<
380.00 mm
Hence assumed depth is OK

Design of Trough Slab

page10

Area of steel required:

Ast

=
M/st x jxd
2
=
2084.96 mm
Provide 20mm dia Hysd bars @
Spacing
=
150.67 mm
2
Ast provided
=
2855.909 mm

Say

110 mm c/c

Distribution steel:
As per IS: 3370 - part - II, para 7.1.1 & 7.1.1.1 the minimum reiforcement thickness of section above 450mm is
0.16% of gross area
2
Ast
=
672 mm
Provide 16mm dia bars @
Spacing
=
299.11
Say
250 mm c/c
2
Ast provided
=
804 cm
Hence OK
Check for shear :
Shear force at the face of supports (V)
Shear stress
c

=
=
=
=

Wl/2
92.50 KN
V/bd
2
0.24 N/mm

% of reinforcement 100 As/bd

=
0.7516
From table 23 of IS 456 - 2000 the allowable shear stress without shear reinforcement for 0.7516% of tensile
steel
2
c max
=
0.268 N/mm
c
<
c max
Hence safe

Design of Trough Slab

page11

II

Design of side slab

The side slab is designed in 2 segments from bottom. The two segments are 0 to 1.2m height and 1.2m to
2.55m height.
The thickness of slab is uniformly reduced from420mm at bottom to 300mm at top. In the first or bottom most
segment the thickness and reinforcement are same as bottom slab. For the remaining segments thickness of
slab and the reinforcement will be changed according to the requirement.
Design of top segment:
Weight of water

=
(2.55 - 1.2 )x10
KN/m
=
13.5 KN/m
The thickness of slab at 1.2 m will be 360 mm using 20mm bars with 30mm clear cover,
effective depth of slab
=
360 - 30 - 20/2
=
320 mm
effective span
=
5.320 m
or
5.50 m
Hence effective span
=
5.320 m
Using 20mm dia bars with 30mm clear cover the effective depth of slab
Wt. of water
Self wt. of slab
Total
Max. B.M
Effective depth required

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
<

(2.55 - 1.2 )x10

13.50 KN/m
0.55 x 1 x 25
13.75 KN/m
27.25 KN/m
WL2/8
96.41 KN - m
sqrt((145.73x10^6)/1.1802x1000)
305.37 mm
320 mm provided

Hence OK
Area of steel required :
Ast
Provide 20mm dia bars @
Spacing

1783.017 mm

=
176.1901
Say
130 mm c/c
2
=
2416.538 mm
Hence OK

Ast provided
Distirbution steel:
Ast
Provide 16mm dia bars @
Spacing
Ast provided
Check for shear :
Shear force at the face of supports (V)
Shear stress (Tc)
percentage of reinforcement
from the table 23
Tc max
Tc

2
512.00 mm

=
Say
=
Hence OK

392.58 mm
380.00 mm
2
528.95 mm

=
=
=
=
<

68.125 KN
2
0.2129 N/mm
0.755
0.28
Tc max

Design of Trough Slab

page12

DESIGN OF RETURN WALLS

unit wt of concrete
unit wt of earth

=
=

24.000 kN
21.000 kN

CALCULATION OF STRESSES IN CONCRETE :

0.15
0.6
+
18.260
W5 W1
W6

C.B.L

W2

W4

0.30

0.145

0.600
1.200
W7
1.800

W3
0.455 + 15.840
0.6
+ 15.240

Taking moments about A

Load

(Stresses in concrete)
Force
V
H
2.160
30.49
13.21
4.21
3.68

Particulars

W1
W2
W3
W4
W5

0.600
0.60
0.455
0.145
0.145

x
x
x
x
x

0.150
2.420
2.420
2.420
2.420

Pv
Ph

0.0384 x
0.134 x

5.856
5.856

x
x
x
x
x

24.0
21.0
24.0
24.0
21.0

x
x
x

0.5
0.5
0.5

x
x

21.0
21.0

4.723
50.113
V

Lever arm

= M/V

Eccentricity

= 26.966

0.461

Min. Stress

58.48

1.20

Permissible 'e' =
Max. comp. Stress

/2

=
=

1.20

/6

L.A.

Moment

0.445
0.445
0.897
0.097
0.048

0.962
13.569
11.848
0.408
0.179

--0.968

84.591

26.966

58.483

0.461

0.139

0.200

>

0.139

HENCE OK

58.48 x (
1.200

1 +

x
0.139
1.200

) =

82.607

t/sq.m.

58.48 x (
1.200

1 -

x
0.139
1.200

) =

14.864

t/sq.m.

Taking moments about B

(Stresses on soil)

Load
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
W6
W7
Pv
Ph

Force (kN)
V
H
2.160
34.85
13.213
8.422
7.369
15.246
25.920
7.355
50.113
73.366

Particulars
0.60
0.60
0.455
0.145
0.145
0.30
1.80
0.0384
0.134

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

0.150
2.420
2.420
2.420
2.420
2.420
0.60
9.120
9.120

x
x
x
x
x
x
x

24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
21.0
21.0
24.0

x
x
x

0.50
0.50
0.50

x
x

21.0
21.0
V

Lever arm

= M/V

Eccentricity

= 670.079 /

1.749

73.37

1.800

Permissible 'e' =

/2

=
=

1.80

/6

1.749

0.049

0.300

>

L.A.

Moment

0.745
0.745
1.197
0.397
0.348
0.150
0.900
--0.968

1.610
25.962
15.812
3.341
2.567
2.287
23.328
--96.618

670.079

0.049

HENCE OK

Max. comp. Stress

73.37 x (
0.00

1 +

x
0.049
0.000

) =

122.453

t/sq.m.

Min. Stress

73.37 x (
0.00

1 -

x
0.049
0.000

) =

102.961

t/sq.m.

DESIGN OF HORIZONTAL WING WALLS

unit wt of concrete
unit wt of earth

=
=

24.000 kN
21.000 kN

CALCULATION OF STRESSES IN CONCRETE :

0.15
W1
+ 20.285
0.6
+
20.060
W1
W5
W6

Road level

W2

W4
+
0.30

1.630
0.600
2.500

17.200
+ 15.990
0.27
+ 15.840
0.6

W3

W7
3.400

+ 15.240

Taking moments about A

Load

(Stresses in concrete)
Force
V
H
2.160
58.61
3.86
79.61
72.23

Particulars

W1
W2
W3
W4
W5

0.600
0.60
0.27
1.63
1.63

x
x
x
x
x

0.150
4.070
1.360
4.070
4.220

Pv
Ph

0.0384 x
0.134 x

17.808
17.808

x
x
x
x
x

24.0
24.0
21.0
24.0
21.0

x
x
x

0.5
0.5
0.5

x
x

21.0
21.0

14.361
50.113
V

Lever arm

= M/V

Eccentricity

= 251.980 /

1.092

2.50

Permissible 'e' =
Max. comp. Stress

Min. Stress

230.82
/2

=
=

2.50

/6

L.A.

Moment

1.93
1.93
2.320
1.087
0.543

4.169
113.114
8.945
86.509
39.243

--1.688

84.591

251.98

230.819

1.092

0.158

0.417

>

0.158

HENCE OK

= 230.82 x (
2.500

1 +

x
0.158
2.500

) =

127.338

t/sq.m.

= 230.82 x (
2.500

x
0.158
2.500

) =

57.317

t/sq.m.

Taking moments about B

Load
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
W6
W7
Pv
Ph

(Stresses on soil)
Force (kN)
V
H
2.160
58.61
4.406
159.218
144.451
3.780
48.960
14.361
50.113
383.204

Particulars
0.60
0.60
0.27
1.63
1.63
0.60
3.40
0.0384
0.134

x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x

0.150
4.070
1.360
4.070
4.22
0.30
0.60
17.808
17.808

x
x
x
x
x
x
x

24.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
21.0
21.0
24.0

x
x

0.50
0.50

x
x

21.0
21.0
V

Lever arm

= M/V

Eccentricity

= 670.079 /

1.749

383.20

3.400

Permissible 'e' =

/2

=
=

3.40

/6

1.749

0.049

0.567

>

L.A.

Moment

2.23
2.23
2.620
1.387
0.843
0.150
1.700
--1.928

4.817
130.696
11.545
220.783
121.821
0.567
83.232

670.079

0.049

HENCE OK

Max. comp. Stress

= 383.20 x (
3.40

1 +

x
0.049
3.400

) =

122.453

t/sq.m.

Min. Stress

= 383.20 x (
3.40

x
0.049
3.400

) =

102.961

t/sq.m.

96.618

DESIGN OF PIER
unit wt of concrete
unit wt of earth
unit wt of concrete

=
=
=

24.000
21.000
25.000

kN/m3
kN/m3
kN/m3

The stability for the entire pier is examined for two different cases
1)
Canal full and stream full and
2)
Canal empty but with crowd load and stream full
Case I
Canal full and stream full
The pier is subject to both longitudinal and transverse moments due to the Direct Loads, Live Loads on the road, forces due to
water currents which determines the maximum and minimum stresses induced in the pier.
I.

Determination of Longitudinal Moments:

Moments are reckoned about 'A' on the upstream end.
0.3

3.825

25.000

1.5 :1

0.3
18.26
23.980
24.100
24.560

0.420

CBL

18.26
17.96
17.92
17.50

17.20
1000
25 mm dia Holding
Down Bolts at 2000 c/c
1
10

15.99
15.84
15.24

PIER UNDER CANAL TROUGH

0.04

a)

Weight of bottom slab

b)

Weight of side slabs

c)

Weight of sealing coat

d)

Weight of earth cushion in the trough

e)

Weight of water in the trough

f)

Weight of bed block under canal trough

g)

Weight of rectangular portion of pier under road bridge

h)

Weight of rectangular portion of pier between Road Bridge

and Canal Trough

i)

Weight of triangular portion under canal trough

j)

Weight of rectangular portion [below triangular portion]

under canal trough

k)

Weight of rectangular portion of pier between Canal trough

and foot bridge

l)

Weight of Road Bridge:

i)
Slab :
ii)
Wearing coat :

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

[23.98+24.56] x 0.42 x 6.00 x 25/2

1529.01 kN
2 x [5.21+5.927] x [0.3+0.42] x 6 x 25/[2 x 2]
603.56 kN
0.04 x [24.1+23.98] x 6.00 x24/2
138.47 kN
0.3 x [24.1+25] x 6.00 x 21/2
927.99 kN
[25+32.65] x 6.00 x 25/2
4323.75 kN
0.3 x 24.56 x 24
176.83 kN
5.01 x 1 x 3.485 x 24
370.94 kN

=
=
=
=

1.035 x 3.56 x 1 x 24
88.43 kN
2 x 4.51 x [20.06-17.50] x 1 x 24/2
352.86 kN

=
=

2 x 4.51 x 0.3 x 1 x 24
64.944 kN

=
=
=
=
=

1.31 x [20.06-17.2] x 1 x 24
111.93 kN
4.92 x 6 x 0.4 x 25
4.25 x 6 x 0.075 x 24

m)

iii)
Kerbs :
iV)
Hand rails :
Weight of pier below foot bridge

n)

Weight of pier in batter portion

o)

Weight of foot bridge :

i)
Slab:
ii)
Wearing coat :
iii)
Kerbs :
iV)
Beams :
v)
Haunches :
vi)
Crowd load :

Taking moments about 'A'

=
=
=
=
=
=

2 x 6 x 0.225 x 0.225 x 25
2 x 6 x 120/1000
1.8 x 1 x [20.96-17.2] x 24
162.43 kN
42.885 x [17.20 - 15.84] x [1+1.272] x 24/2
1590.13 kN

=
=
=
=
=
=

1.8 x 0.1 x 6 x 25
1.5 x 6 x 0.075 x 24
2 x 0.15 x 0.225 x 6 x 25
2 x 0.15 x 0.225 x 6 x 25
2 x 0.5 x 0.1 x 0.1 x 6 x 25
400 x 1.5 x 6/1000

oads, Live Loads on the road, forces due to wind and

pier.

3.825

0.3
20.81

5.21
5.967

17.50

RCL

20.760
20.685
20.285
19.985
1000

17.20

15.99
15.84

1272

15.24

PIER UNDER ROAD BRIDGE

3.98+24.56] x 0.42 x 6.00 x 25/2

x [5.21+5.927] x [0.3+0.42] x 6 x 25/[2 x 2]

04 x [24.1+23.98] x 6.00 x24/2

3 x [24.1+25] x 6.00 x 21/2

5+32.65] x 6.00 x 25/2

x 4.51 x [20.06-17.50] x 1 x 24/2

31 x [20.06-17.2] x 1 x 24

=
=

295.20 kN
45.90 kN

=
=

15.19 kN
1.44 kN

8 x 1 x [20.96-17.2] x 24

.885 x [17.20 - 15.84] x [1+1.272] x 24/2

=
=
=
=
=
=

27.00
16.20
10.13
10.13
1.50
3.60

kN
kN
kN
kN
kN
kN

I. Design of Abutment under canal trough:

[ with 50% of Hydrostatic Pressure]
Reaction of canal trough on to the abutment
=
=

1/2 x [(6x0.42 x 25) + (6 x 0.04 x 24) + ( 6 x 2.55 x 10)]

110.88 kN
18.26
17.96
17.92
17.50
17.20

0.5

600
1730
1000
270

15.84

3000
15.24
3900

CALCULATIONS OF STRESSES IN CONCRETE:

Case - I with 50% hydrostatic pressure:
Taking moments about 'A', we have
Sl.No

Load

Force (kN)

Description

Moment
kN-m

2.23
2.23
2.23
2.86
1.98
1.98
1.153
1.115
1.115
0.577
-

247.26
8.36
36.39
12.60
10.93
39.44
50.74
63.40
4.51
11.64
-

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

R
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
W6
W7
W8
W9
Pv

As calculated
0.5 x 0.3 x 25
0.5 x 1.36 x 24
0.5 x 0.27 x 1.36 x 24
0.5 x 0.46 x 24
0.5 x 2.12 x 24
0.5 x2.12 x 1.73 x 24
2.23 x 2.55 x 10
2.23x 0.3 x [21 - 10]
0.5 x 1.73 x 2.12 x 11
0.0384 x [3.112 - 0.32] x 11

12

Ph

0.134 x [3.112 - 0.32] x 11

8.36

0.85

7.09

13

P1

28.20

2.97

83.70

14

P2

0.5 x 2.35 x 24
0.5 x 0.5 x 2.122

299.473

1.12

1.12

1.26
577.34

V
L.A
Ecentricity
Allowable (e) 3/6

Horizontal (H)
-

Lever Arm
(m)

Vertical (V)
110.88
3.75
16.32
4.41
5.52
19.92
44.01
56.86
4.05
20.17
13.58

=
577.3/299.473
1.928 - 3/2

=
=

Hence no tension
Max and Min stresses
[Compressive]

M
M/V
=
=
=
>

1.928
0.428
0.5
0.428

325.997/3.0 x [1 (6 x 0.482)/3.0]
110.62 kN/m2 (Max)
3.91 kN/m2 (Min)

CALCULATIONS OF STRESSES IN SOIL:

Taking moments about 'B'
Sl.No

Load

Description

Force (kN)
Vertical (V)

Design of Abutments

Horizontal (H)

Lever arm
m

Moment
kN-m

page23

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

R
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
W6
W7
W8
W9
W10
W11
PV

As calculated
0.5 x 0.3 x 25
0.5 x 1.36 x 24
0.5 x 0.27 x 1.36 x 24
0.5 x 0.46 x 24
0.5 x 1.66 x 24
0.5 x 2.12 x 1.73 x 24
2.23 x 2.55 x 10
2.23x 0.3 x [21 - 10]
0.5 x 1.73 x 2.12 x 11
0.3 x 2.42 x11 + 0.3 x 2.8 x 10
3.9 x 0.6 x 24
0.0384 x [3.022 - 0.32] x 11

14
15
16

Ph
P1
P2

0.134 x [3.02 - 0.3 ] x 11

0.5 x 2.72 x 2.8 x 10
2
0.5 x 0.5 x 2.72

110.88
3.75
16.32
4.41
5.52
19.92
44.01
56.87
7.36
20.17
18.81
56.16
3.81

2.53
2.53
2.53
3.16
2.28
2.28
1.453
1.415
1.415
0.877
0.15
1.95
-

280.53
9.49
41.29
13.92
12.59
45.42
63.95
80.46
10.41
17.69
2.82
109.51
-

367.99

14.12
38.08
1.85

1.088
1.36
1.85

15.37
51.79
3.42
758.66

Design of Abutments

page24

L .A
Ecentricity
Allowable (e) 3.9/6.00
Hence no tension
Max and Min Stresses
[Compressive]

=
=
=
=
>

2.06
2.07 - 3.9/2
0.12 m
0.65 m
0.12 m

=
=
=

400.97/3.9 x [1 (6 x 0.12)/3.9]
2
121.79 kN/mm (Max)
83.83 kN/mm2 (Min)

Case - II Stability calculation considering saturated earth :

CALCULATION OF STRESSES IN CONCRETE :
Taking moments about 'A' , we have
Sl.No

Load

Force (kN)

Lever arm
m

Moment
kN - m

2.23
2.23
2.23
2.86
1.98
1.98
1.153
1.115
1.115
0.577
-

247.26
8.36
54.86
28.14
10.93
55.84
62.21
59.71
14.75
27.24
-

358.46

26.96

0.848

=
=
=
=
>

1.65
1.65 - 3/2
0.15
0.5
0.15

Description

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

R
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
W6
W7
W8
W9
PV

As calculated
0.5 x 0.3 x 25
0.5 x 2.05 x 24
0.5 x 0.4 x 2.05 x 24
0.5 x 0.46 x 24
0.5 x 2.35 x 24
0.5 x 2.81 x 1.6 x 24
2.1 x 2.55 x 10
2.1x 0.3 x 21
0.5 x 1.6 x 2.81 x 21
2
2
0.0384 x [3.11 - 0.3 ] x 21

12

Ph

0.134 x [3.112 - 0.32] x 21

V

L.A
Ecentricity
Allowable (e) 3.0/6
Hence no tension
Max and Min Stresses
[Compressive]

Vertical (V)

Horizontal (H)

110.88
3.75
24.6
9.84
5.52
28.2
53.95
53.55
13.23
47.21
7.73

22.87
592.16

m
m
m
m

= 358.46/3.0 x [1 (6 x 0.15)/3.0]
2
=
155.33
kN/mm (Max)
=
83.64
kN/mm2 (Min)

Design of Abutments

page25

CALCULATION OF STRESSES IN SOIL :

Take moments about 'B'
Sl.No

Load

Force (kN)

Description

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

R
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
W6
W7
W8
W9
W10
W11
PV

As calculated
0.5 x 0.3 x 25
0.5 x 2.05 x 24
0.5 x 0.4 x 2.05 x 24
0.5 x 0.46 x 24
0.5 x 2.35 x 24
0.5 x 2.81 x 1.6 x 24
2.1 x 2.55 x 10
2.1x 0.3 x [21 - 10]
0.5 x 1.6 x 2.81 x 21
0.3 x 3.11 x11 + 0.3 x 2.85 x 10
3.9 x 0.6 x 24
2
2
0.0384 x [3.11 - 0.3 ] x 21

14

Ph

0.134 x [3.11 - 0.3 ] x 21

V
L .A
Ecentricity
Allowable (e) 3.9/6.00
Hence no tension
Max and Min Stresses
[Compressive]

Lever arm
( m)

Vertical (V)

Horizontal (H)

110.88
3.75
24.6
9.84
5.52
28.2
53.95
53.55
6.93
47.21
18.81
56.16
7.73

2.53
2.53
2.53
3.16
2.28
2.28
3.16
2.28
2.28
1.453
0.15
1.95
-

427.13

26.96

1.088

280.53
9.49
62.24
31.09
12.59
64.30
170.49
122.09
15.80
68.59
2.82
109.51
M

=
=
=
=
>

2.29
2.29 - 3.9/2
0.34 m
0.65 m
0.34 m

=
=
=

427.13/3.9 x [1 (6 x 0.34)/3.9]
2
156.59 kN/mm (Max)
49.03 kN/mm2 (Min)

Design of Abutments

Moment
kN-m

29.34
978.87

page26

II. DESIGN OF ABUTMENT UNDER ROAD BRIDGE

.Reaction for clear span of 5.00m
a)
Weight of slab
b)

Weight of wearing coat

c)

Weight of kerbs

d)

Weigth of Hand Rails

(assuming 120 kg/m
Total Load

a)
b)

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

6 x 4.92 x 0.4 x 25
295.20 kN
6 x 4.25 x 0.075 x 24
45.9 kN
2 x 6 x 0.2875 x4.25 x 25
366.56 kN
2 x 6 x 0.15
1.80 kN
524.95 kN

Dead load reaction

=
663.56/2
=
262.48 kN/m
Change in live load reaction due to braking effect. The braking force will be acting at a height of 1.20m above Road level.
Level arm
=
1.2 + 0.475
=
1.675 m
Change in vertical direction
=
[20/100] x [11.4+11.4+2.7] x [1.675/5.357]
=
1.595 t
=
15.95 kN

Taking moments about 'B'

RA x 5.357

11.4 x 5.357 + 11.4 x 4.157 + 2.7 x 0.957

RA

=
111.044/5.357
=
20.729 t
=
207.29 kN
Live Load reaction
=
207.29 kN
c)
Impact load reaction
=
207.29 x 0.396 x [X]
Where [X] is the impact factor multiplying factor which depends upon the height of abutment.
Height of abutment below bed block
=
17.2 - 15.15
2.05 m
As the height of the abutment below the bed block is more than 3.0m, hence the impact multying factor is zero.
Therefore there is no change in Live load reaction.
Total Reaction
=
485.72 kN
Length of abutment
=
1.92 m
Reaction per m run [R]
=
252.98 kN/m
As the span is less than 8m, no frictional forces due to temperature variation are considered.
Horizontal force due to braking effect 'Bk'
Bk
Braking force felt by each bearing
Force per m run

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Design of Abutments

[20/1000] x [11.4+11.4+2.7]
0.51 t
0.51/2
0.26 kN
0.26/4.92
0.052 t
0.52 kN

page27

CALCULATION OF STRESSES IN CONCRETE:

Taking moments about 'A', i.e., + 17.20
Sl.No

Load

Force (kN)

Description

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

R
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
Pv

As calculated
0.5 x 0.3 x 25
0.5 x2.985 x24
0.5 x 3.685 x 24
0.5 x 1.895 x 3.685 x 24
0.5 x 1.895 x 3.685 x 21
2
0.0384 x 3.685 x 21

8
9

Ph

0.134 x 3.685 x 21

Bt

As calculated

V
L .A
Ecentricity
Allowable (e) 3.095/6.00
Hence no tension
Max and Min Stresses
[Compressive]

Vertical (V)
252.98
3.75
35.82
44.22
83.80
73.32
10.95

Horizontal (H)
-

504.84
=
=
=
=
>

38.21
0.52

=
=
=

Taking moments about 'A', i.e., + 15.84

Sl.No
Load
Description
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

R
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
W6
Pv

As calculated
0.5 x 0.3 x 25
0.5 x4.345 x24
0.5 x 0.27 x 1.36 x 24
0.5 x 5.12 x 24
0.5 x 2.73 x 5.12 x 24
0.5 x 2.73 x 5.12 x 21
0.0384 x 5.122 x 21

9
10

Ph

0.134 x 5.12 x 21

Bt

As calculated
V

710.35

Design of Abutments

Moment
kN - m

2.645
2.645
2.645
2.145
1.263
0.632
-

669.13
9.92
94.74
94.85
105.84
46.34
-

1.424
3.085

54.41
1.60
1076.83

M
2.13
2.13 - 3.095/2
0.743
0.516
0.743

m
m
m
m

427.13/3.9 x [1 (6 x 0.34)/3.9]
2
156.59 kN/mm (Max)
2
49.03 kN/mm (Min)

Force (kN)
Vertical (V)
Horizontal (H)
252.98
3.75
52.14
4.41
61.44
167.73
146.76
21.14
-

Lever Arm
m

73.77
0.52

Lever Arm
m
3.48
3.48
3.48
3.82
2.98
1.82
0.91
-

Moment
kN - m
880.36
13.05
181.45
16.83
183.09
305.27
133.56
-

1.968
4.145

145.17
2.16
1860.94

page28

L .A
Ecentricity
Allowable (e) 4/6.00
Hence no tension
Max and Min Stresses
[Compressive]

=
=
=
=
>

2.62
2.62 - 4/2
0.620
0.667
0.620

=
=
=

710.35/4 x [1 (6 x 0.62)/4.0]
342.68 kN/mm2 (Max)
2
12.50 kN/mm (Min)

m
m
m

CALCULATION OF STRESSES ON SOIL

Taking moments about 'C'
Sl.No
Load

Force (kN)
Vertical (V)
Horizontal (H)
252.98
3.75
52.14
4.41
61.44
167.73
146.76
32.26
70.56
21.14
-

Description

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

R
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
W6
W7
W8
Pv

As calculated
0.5 x 0.3 x 25
0.5 x4.345 x24
0.5 x 0.27 x 1.36 x 24
0.5 x 5.12 x 24
0.5 x 2.73 x 5.12 x 24
0.5 x 2.73 x 5.12 x 21
0.3 x 5.12 x 21
4.9 x 0.6 x 24
0.0384 x 5.122 x 21

11
12

Ph

0.134 x 5.12 x 21

Bt

As calculated

V
L .A
Ecentricity
Allowable (e) 4.9/6.00
Hence no tension
Max and Min Stresses
[Compressive]

813.17
=
=
=
=
>
=
=
=

Design of Abutments

73.77
0.52

Lever Arm
m
3.78
3.78
3.78
4.12
3.28
2.12
1.21
0.15
2.45
-

Moment
kN - m
956.26
14.18
197.09
18.15
201.52
355.59
177.59
4.84
172.87
-

1.968
4.145

145.17
2.16
2245.41

M
2.76
2.76 - 4.9/2
0.310
0.817
0.310

m
m
m
m

813.17/4.9 x [1 (6 x 0.31)/4.9]
228.95 kN/mm2 (Max)
102.96 kN/mm2 (Min)

page29

III. ABUTMENT UNDER FOOT BRIDGE

Weight of foot bridge +crowd load
[From design of piers]
Reaction of each support
Taking moments about 'A'
Sl.No
Load
R
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
W6
Pv

100.96 x 0.5
0.5 x 0.3 x 24
0.5 x4.295 x24
0.5 x 0.27 x 1.36 x 24
0.5 X 4.92 X 24
0.5 x 1.73 x 4.92 x 24
0.5 x 1.73 x 4.92 x 21
2
0.0384 x 4.92 x 21

Ph

0.134 x 4.92 x 21

V
L .A
Ecentricity
Allowable (e) 3.0/6.00
Hence no tension
Max and Min Stresses
[Compressive]
Taking moments about 'B'
Sl.No
Load

100.96 kN

=
=

100.96/2
50.48 kN

Force (kN)
Vertical (V)
Horizontal (H)
50.48
3.60
51.54
4.41
59.04
102.14
89.37
19.52
-

Description

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

68.12

380.10
=
=
=
=
>

1.83
1.83 - 3.0/2
0.330
0.500
0.330

=
=
=

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

R
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
W6
W7
W8
Pv

100.96 x 0.5
0.5 x 0.3 x 24
0.5 x4.295 x24
0.5 x 0.27 x 1.36 x 24
0.5 X 4.92 X 24
0.5 x 1.73 x 4.92 x 24
0.5 x 1.73 x 4.92 x 21
0.3 x 4.92 x 21
3.9 x 0.6 x 24
2
0.0384 x 5.52 x 21

11

Ph

0.134 x 5.522 x 21

472.30

Design of Abutments

Moment
kN - m
125.19
8.93
127.82
12.43
116.90
117.77
51.57
-

1.968

134.05
M

694.65

m
m
m
m

380.10/3.0 x [1 (6 x 0.33)/3.0]
2
210.32 kN/mm (Max)
2
43.08 kN/mm (Min)

Force (kN)
Vertical (V)
Horizontal (H)
50.48
3.60
51.54
4.41
59.04
102.14
89.37
31.00
56.16
24.57
-

Description

Lever Arm
m
2.48
2.48
2.48
2.82
1.98
1.153
0.577
-

85.74

Lever Arm
m
2.78
2.78
2.78
3.12
2.28
1.453
0.876
0.15
1.95
-

Moment
kN - m
140.33
10.01
143.28
13.75
134.61
148.41
78.29
4.65
109.51
-

2.208

189.32
M

972.16

page30

L .A
Ecentricity
Allowable (e) 3.9/6.00
Hence no tension
Max and Min Stresses
[Compressive]

=
=
=
=
>

2.06
2.06 - 3.9/2
0.110
0.650
0.110

=
=
=

472.3/3.9 x [1 (6 x 0.11)/3.9]
141.60 kN/mm2 (Max)
2
100.61 kN/mm (Min)

Design of Abutments

m
m
m
m

page31