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Lingua e Traduzione Inglese 1

L 11 PH1
Francesca Vigo - vigof@unict.it
Classes: Mon & Wed 12:00 2:00 p.m. Tue 10 - 12
English is a stress-timed language
The English language is often referred to as stress-
timed. This means that stress in a spoken sentence
occurs at regular intervals and the length it takes
to say something depends on the number of stressed
syllables rather than the number of syllables itself.
3
Read the following words
Cough /kf/ thorough / r/ bought /bt/
Sweet /swi:t/ sweat /swet/ great /gret/
Suit /sju:t/
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In writing words are made of letters
In speech words are made of sounds
Letters are not always the same as sounds
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key car
Begin with the same sound but the letters are
different.
Phonemic symbols:
/ki:/ /ka:/
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There are two kinds of sounds:
Consonant sounds (C)
Vowel sounds (V)
Number of sounds in a word is not
usually the same as the number of letters
Cfr. duck /dk k k k/
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Night
Dog
Rabbit
Frog
Gorilla
Snake
Bee
CVC
CVC
CVCVC
CCVC
CVCVCV
CCVC
CV
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Phonetics vs Phonology
una delle parti principali
della linguistica, che
studia i suoni del
linguaggio, i foni, dal
punto di vista fisico, cio
della loro realizzazione
materiale (F.Casadei,
Breve dizionario di
fonetica, Roma, Carocci
2001)
Una delle parti
principali della
linguistica, che studia i
suoni linguistici.per
la funzione che hanno
all interno di un
sistema linguistico
(Casadei F., cit)
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Phonetics
The study of speech sounds (Fromkin V. & Rodman
R.,1998, An Introduction to Language, Fort Worth, Harcourt
Brace College Publishers)
Phonetics is concerned with describing the speech sounds
that occur in the languages of the worldThe first job of a
phonetician isto try to find out what people are doing
when they are talking and when they are listening to the
speech (Ladefoged P., 1993, A Course in Phonetics, Fort
Worth, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich)
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Phonology
Phonology is essentially the description of the systems and
patterns of speech sounds in a language (Yule G., 1994, The
Study of Language, Cambridge, CUP).
Phonology is concerned with how sounds pattern in a
language(Da Fromkin V. & Rodman R. cit.)
A branch of linguistics which studies the sound systems of
languages.The aim of phonology is to demonstrate the
patterns of distinctive sound found in language.[it] is
concerned with the range and function of sounds in specific
languages, and with the rules which can be written to show the
types of phonetic relationships that relate or contrast words and
other linguistic units (Crystal D., 1994, A Dictionary of
Linguistics and Phonetics, Oxford,Blackwell)
Phonetics is articulatory
Phonology is related to sound systems
Both costitute the PHONOLOGICAL
FRAMEWORKS
British English
Received Pronunciation (RP) socially
connotated not geographically.
The minimal unit of Phonetics and Phonology is the
PHONEME.
PHONEMES are underlying sounds, unreal sounds,
abstract concpets.
Every language has its own PHONEM INVENTORY.
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The vocal tract
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GRAFEMI: segni alfabetici indipendentemente dalla loro
pronuncia (sono racchiusi tra < >)
FONI: suoni come tali indipendentemente dal loro ruolo nel
sistema fonologico di una data lingua (sono racchiusi tra [])
FONEMI: unit capaci di costituire opposizioni significative
allinterno del sistema di una data lingua (sono racchiusi tra //)
Terminologia di base
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Come si identificano i foni consonantici
in base a:
LUOGO di articolazione
MODO di articolazione
POSIZIONE delle corde vocali
(sorda/sonora voiceless/voiced)
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A. Luogo
Per capire, conoscere e sentire i singoli suoni
emessi importante conoscere il nostro
apparato fonatore:
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Apparato fonatore
labbra lips
denti teeth - dental
arcata alveolare alveolar ridge
palato palate
velo soft palate /velum
faringe pharinx
laringe larynx
naso nose
questi costituiscono i luoghi possibili di articolazione
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consonanti
bilabials labiodentals dental alveolars palato-
alveolar
palatals velars glottals
Plosives
p b
t d k g
Fricatives
f v

s z

h
Africates

Nasals
m n
Liquids
l
Frictionless
approximants
Glides
w r j
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Write the following words near the correct symbol
according to the underlined letters.
Glasses dog hot drive letter
Pen red music book car
president football study teacher name
work
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/
/k/ /g/ /f/ /v/
/s/ /z/ /h/ /l/
/r/ /m/ /n/ /w/
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Write the following words near the correct symbol
according to the underlined letters. KEYS
Glasses /g/ dog/d/ hot/h/ drive /v/
letter /l/ pen /p/ red /r/ music /m/
book /b/ /k/ car /k/ president /z/
football /f/ study /s/ teacher /t/ name/n/
work /w/
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Tick if the symbols match the sounds of the letters underlined
a. Why /h/
b. who /h/
c. Photograph /ph/
d. Cinema /s/
e. Scissors /sk/
f. Laugh /gh/
g. Knife /n/
h. Verb /v/
i. question /kw/
j. Class /k/
k. Rose /s/
l. Writing /wr/
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Tick if the symbols match the sounds of the letters underlined
KEYS
a. Why
b. who /h/
c. Photograph
d. Cinema /s/
e. Scissors
f. Laugh
g. Knife /n/
h. Verb /v/
i. question /kw/
j. Class /k/
k. Rose
l. Writing
a. Why /w/
b. who
c. Photograph /f/
d. Cinema
e. Scissors /s/
f. Laugh /f/
g. Knife
h. Verb
i. question
j. Class
k. Rose /z/
l. Writing /w/