You are on page 1of 3

Authors and

title
Research
objectives
Study design Subjects,
sample size
Findings Strengths and
Limitations
Relationships,
love, sexuality:
what the Filipino
teens think and
feel

Jokin de Irala*
1
,
Alfonso Osorio
2
,
Cristina Lpez
del Burgo
1
, Vina
A Belen
3
,
Filipinas O de
Guzman
4,5
, Mara
del Carmen
Calatrava1 and
Antonio N
Torralba
3

General: to base
future health and
sex education
programs from
the teens
opinions and
needs

Specific: (1) to
identify the main
and preferred
information
source of the
teens; (2) to
discover topics of
interest which
they want to
know more
about; (3) to
evaluate their
knowledge on
STD prevention &
unplanned
pregnancies and
outlook on certain
issues like
sexism
Cross-section
study design

Used paper-
pencil
questionnaire
consisted mainly
of close-ended
questions

A five-point
Likert scale was
used for
attitudinal
responses.

Analysis: (1)
used specific
survey
commands of the
STATA statistical
package release
9 FOR estimation
of group means,
proportions
and logistic
regression
respectively
assuming
weights and
cluster sampling
and thus
estimating
appropriate
estimates and
standard errors;
(2) STATA
survey
commands using
an Adjusted Wald
test for
Significance
levels of
comparisons and
model
coefficients
Subjects: from
third year high
school to third
year college in
the Philippines
aged 13 18;
priority to in-
school youth

Sampling
method: multi-
stage sampling of
clusters of
universities and
schools

Sample size:
3,726 students
Results: Based
on the study, (1)
the students get
info on love and
sexuality from
friends; (2)
parents opinion
is appreciated
more than
friends; (3) some
had few
conversations w/
parents regarding
these topics; (4)
most teens want
to know more on
emotional aspect
of these topics;
(5) the fact that
condoms are not
100% effective in
STD and
pregnancy
prevention is only
known to about
half of the teens;
(6) girls are more
sensitive and
more opposed to
sexism than
boys; (7) sexual
experience is
found to be
correlated belief
on 100% condom
effectiveness and
approval of
pornography
Limitations: (1)
out-of-school
youth not
included in the
study; (2)
causality
between
dependent and
independent
variables not
easily inferred
due to cross-
sectional design;
(3) self-reported
responses

Strengths: (1) 1
st

study on Filipino
youth students
regarding
relationships,
love and
sexuality in
depth; (2) most
original concept
of associating
belief of 100%
condom
effectiveness with
earlier sexual
debut; (3) discuss
important issues
that teens
themselves want
emphasis on; (4)
large sample size
improved data
validity
Filipino
Adolescents
Sexual Attitudes
and Behaviors:
Resulting from a
University
Cohort

Elmer G. De
Jose
6

to provide
baseline data
from the
undergraduates
outlooks and
experiences on
sex which can be
used for future
sexuality and
reproductive
health education
programs
Descriptive
survey study
design

Self-
administering
questionnaire

Modified Likert
scale for sexual
attitudes and
behaviors

Used statistical
Subjects:
undergraduate
students enrolled
in various
courses in the
largest state
university in the
country (in terms
of student
population)
located in an
urban center in
Manila

Results: Based
on the study, (1)
most male and
female still
value virginity; (2)
most diagreed
with PMS,
multiple sex,
casual sex,
pornography,
cohabitation,
same-sex
relationship,
petting and
Limitations: (1)
self-report
responses; (2)
use of
questionnaire
evaluated only
sexual attitudes
and behaviors
w/o investigating
motivations and
influences behind
those attitudes
and behaviors;
(3) not
software

Bivariate
analyses to
examine
association
between sexual
behavior and the
personal and
family
characteristics

Point-biserial
correlation was
conducted to
determine the
correlation
between a
dichotomous
variable (e.g.,
gender,
living
arrangement,)
and the total
score in
sexual behavior

Pearson
Product Moment
Correlation was
employed for
non-dichotomous
variables

Variables that
flagged a
significant
correlation were
used in the
subsequent
stepwise
regression
analysis to
identify which
factor or
composite factors
contributed to the
total scores on
sexual behavior
Sampling
method: The first
was cluster
random
sampling where
the researcher
selected the
classes to be
included in the
study. The
second phase
involved inviting
the students in
the selected
classes to
participate in the
study, on a
voluntary basis.

Sample size:
1,412
undergraduate
students
female
masturbation; (3)
acceptable
behaviors include
male
masturbation,
necking, and
holding hands
and kissing; (4)
increase in
adolescents who
engaged in PMS
(80% no condom)
over time, while
other studies
found it low; (5)
six of the
predictive factors
(gender, sexual
preference, age,
school allowance,
monthly family
income, and
attitude towards
sex) were
significantly
correlated with
sexual behavior;
(6) only four
factors - attitude
towards sex,
monthly family
income, gender,
and sexual
preference - as
significant
predictors of
sexual behaviors.
completely signify
views of all
Filipino
adolescents

Strengths: (1)
few factors were
found to be
significantly
correlated with
sexual behavior
w/c can be used
for future
programs
*corresponding author
Address:
1
Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008
Pamplona, Spain,
2
Department of Education, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain,
3
University of Asia and the
Pacific, Pearl Drive cor St J Escriva Drive, Ortigas Center, Pasig City, Philippines,
4
Research for Education Intervention
and Development, CRC Foundation Incorporated, Manila, Philippines and
5
Unit 1103, Pacific Center Building, San Miguel
Avenue, Ortigas Center, Pasig City 1605, Philippines
6
Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences and Development, Polytechnic University of
the Philippines, Manila, Philippines

REFERENCES
De Irala J, Osario A, del Burgo CL,, Belen VA, de Guzman FO, Calatrava MDC, and Torralba AN. (2009). Relationships,
love, sexuality: what the Filipino teens think and feel. BMC Public Health, 9:282. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-282
De Jose, EG. (2013). Filipino adolescents sexual attitudes and behaviors: Results from a University cohort. Academic
Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2:8. doi:10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n8p719
SPECIFIC INFO to be used from references:
(1) questions included in the questionnaire; (2) statistical tools; (3) data collection protocols; (4) for result comparison

You might also like