ABAP in 3 Hrs

7/2/2014 ABAP in 3 hours
http://igrowabap.blogspot.in/ 1/32
13th April 2012
Book1
SQL
1.SELECT-4 types(Single table,Joins,for all entries,Single/upto 1)
2.Select using joins-multiple tables, 2 types 1. inner join- matching records,common
records 2. outer join- all records from left,matching rec.s from right,blank syn:
~,into,from,as,join,as,on,where,EX ,types,data,select,loop
3.Select for all entries-to avoid inner joins,more then 2 tables,heavy load on
database,syn,ex
4.prerequisite for all entries-base table or first internal table initial or not,unless will
fetch all the records
5.Select single/upto 1 rows -for field validation at report level ,to read single
record,exact,appropriate record,all key fields ,syntax
6.Ex on select Single.,ex on select upto 1 row,NOTE
REPORTS 5 to
7.Report-Executable program,reads data from datbase table,displays in welldefined
format 2 types 1.classical 2.interactive
8.Classical-Entire information on single screen , Interactive - more then one output
screen
9.Main functions or stages of reports - 3 i/p screen(selection screen),business logic
statements(internal tables),out put screen(list screen)
10.SELECTION SCREEN: i/p screen,selection screen commands,PARAMETERS-
Single input field,SELECT-OPTIONS-range for an field,formatting statements-for
better look & feel decorate/format selection screen
11.Parameters: checkboxes,radio buttons,syntax ex: obligatory-mandatory field
Displaying check box on selection screen syn: 'X' - stored parameter variable,code
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syn,ex,displaying radio buttons on selection screen (syntax,ex),form of group
12.SELECT-OPIONS : range i.e value to value for input field.
SIGN,OPTION,LOW,HIGH Multiple single values & Ranges stmt or extension or
multiple select box . syn ex with select
13.SELECT-OPTION itable-SIGN ('I' or 'E' inclusive,exclusive) option-stores option
like BT,NB,LT,LE,GT,GE,NB. low-stores low value HIGH,No Extension-Hight
Extension Box No-Interval - only from value is displayed,ex on select for all entries
14.Variant- object to store selection screen field values for future references.test
cases,test,test2, [][][]- get variant ,shift + f5, ex.
15.selection screen text-to avoid technical names display goto->text elements-
>selection text-> our own text or copy from ddic
16.selection screen commands to format selection screen 1. uline-horizontal line
2.skip-blank line .block- (group of selection screens) 2 syntaxes , ex 4. begin of
line,NOTE,syn 5.comment (custom label for selection field) syntax ex.
17.Modularization-technique,dividing main program into sub programs,better
redability & reusability, 5 techniques ,(includes,function modules,sub
routines,macros,class methods)
18.include programs-set of reusable statements,cant be executed
independently,type I programs,no parameter interface,SAPMV45A(Sales Order),ex
19.Function Modules-repository object,contains parameter interface,Global
Modularization,remote enabled,contains exceptions.
20.Function Group-Container of Function Modules
21.Function Module parameter Interface-
Import,Export,Changing,tables,Exceptions,Source Code.
22.Steps to create a function group- (SE37 or SE80),steps
23.Steps to create a function module : SE37 (i) using tables in function modules ex
(ii) update function modules without any irregularities , ex (iii) using table types as
function modules
24.Steps to create a table type (se11,data type,select table type line type as
database table)
25.subroutine - local modularization, syntax :- (defintion,implementation) perform
form....endform. parameter interface of sub routines
using(importing),changing(exporting),tables(internal tables for importing &
exporting)
Send feedback
26.Types of passing values - 3 pass by value,pass by reference,pass by value &
return
pass by value-actual and formal parameters refer to diff. memory location,pass by
reference-actual and formal parameters refer to same memory location (get
effected) & daigram,pass by value with return-changes are transmitted only after
subroutine is executed, ex, real time ex
27.messages - messages are stored in message class,SE91,message-ID,keyword
(3 digit keyword),Types of messages-
error,success,warning,information,abort(f,s,w,i,a) substitutional parameters (max-4)
, synax for message
28.Steps to create a message class,using message class in a report
29.Events in ABAP-event driven programming,c,java,structured programming,not lin
by line execution
30.list of events 11.
1.load of program-loads program into the memory for execution
2.Initialization- to initialize default values to variables & Selection screen variable
triggered before Selection screen is displayed.
3.At Selection Screen out put-to modify selection screen dynamically based on user
actions
4.At Selection Screen on field- to validate a single field on selection screen
5.At Selection Screen on value request-to display search help values,search help
button
6.At Selection Screen on help request-to display help information for a field under
one block
7.At Selection Screen - to validate multiple selection screen fields,to combine all
above events
8.start of selection-to fetch data from data base,select statements,default event
9. end of selection-to recognize all select statements feteched data from data
base,no imp,logical DB,HR-ABAP
10.top of page-constant heading for all pages,triggered after first write statements
or output statements like SKIp,sy-uline
11.End of Page-Constant footer information for all pages,need to set line-count to
display end of page.
31.Difference b/w include,fun module,sub routine- FM-Can be exe,PI,Remote
enabled include-cant be executed,No PI,No Remote Sub Rou-Cant be
executed,PI,No remote
32.ABAP/4 events 1.Classical events 2.Interactive Events 3.Control break
Statements 4.
33.Ex on At Selection Screen output,properties of screen (input-0,1
disbaled,enabled) group1-modifcation ID of SS Field Active property (0,1
invisible,visible)
34.Modification ID-to a field or group of selection screen fields to modify there
properties dynamically.
35.user command-to identify that some action is raised on selection screen,At
Selection Screen output is triggered based on user command,ex,some se39 check it
36.Creating tcodes for reports (SE93) ,program name,scrren number (by default
1000),select all acheck boxes
37.Releasing Transport Request Number,SE09 select check box modfiable->click
display->TR No and expand it. Parent TR -> Child TR(task)->Program->2 selection
screen ouput->,release child,truck symbol(tick mark will come)_.then release
parent,release from user name,send mail to basis, quality mail-outlook,lotus
38.Control break statement-to break the control with in loop...endloop At first end
at:- executed when loop executes 1st record of internal table or first iteration i.e sy
index = 1,to display head lines At last...End At-Same as Above but last sy index =
100 or 1000 to caliculate grand totals at new <field name>..end at- executed when
new value on particular field,to display sub headings At end of <field name>..endat-
executed when ever new value ends on a particular field,caliculate sub totals. on
change of field name-obsolete in ecc6.0,same as at new sum:- to caliculate
totals,suntotals,currency,quantity fields within loop endloop.
39.issue with control break statements-moves the data from original wa to
temporary wa for caliculations
40.interactive reports-basic info on first/basic list,detailed info on secondary list list
no = 0(basic list) secondary list(list no= 1,2,....20),sy-lsind-list no is stored in list
index
41.Interactive reports events- 1.At line selection- user double clicks on any list line
2.at user command-user clicks on gui buttons 3.AT pf-user hits the function key 4-
top of page during line selection-constant heading for all the secondary list,top of
page-only for basic list,prg.,user interaction daigram
42.Finding the selected line contents- 3 techniques (double click event) 1.SY-LISEL
2.Hide 3.Get Cursor
43.off set functionality-to read single/group charcters from a source variable to
target variable. syn:- t.v = s.v + starting position (width), ex
44.Buisness requirement: develop a material master report.
45.Control Break Statements ex:
46.Interactive reports using Hide Statement:- hide-keyword,stores a variable of work
area into a temporary memory (hide area) funcionality:-A copy of output is stored in
hide area ex: code . After double click of selected line system checks in hide
area,again stored back into hide variables,using this hide variables we generate
interactive reports two ex programs
47.Hide area with more then one secondary list
48.Get Cursor:- to read field name & field value of which double click event is
triggered(for secondary list),syntax,ex
49.Get Cursor, hide 2 reports examples
50.menu painter(custom GUI)-SE41,At User Command Triggers,SET PF Status is
assigned to custom GUI to program,to create our own GUI with custom
buttons,menus,menu bar,Application tool bar,Function keys
51.Steps to Create CUSTOM GUI,prg (doubt)
52.Using Standard Tool Bar-are automatically disabled.need to give function code
to enable them(for each button).
53.Using Application Tool Bar-Can Create Maximum of 35 custom buttons
54.ALV-Abap List Viewer-to display data in ALV Format,better look and feel,n no of
predefined options,sort asc,desc order,set filters,totals,sub totals,change layout
structure,download data info files,print priview,mail recipent etc.
55.Function Module's for developing ALV Reports
1.REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
2.REUSE_ALV_LIST_DISPLAY
3.REUSE_ALV_FIELDCATALOGUE_MERGE(to generate field catlogue
automatically)
4.REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET
5.REUSE_ALV_HIERSQ_LIST_DISPLAY
6.REUSE_ALV_BLOCKED_LIST_DISPLAY
7.REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE (to display top of page,logo,end-of-list)
56.List of ALV's to be discussed
57.Ex on ALV with strucutre steps v.imp reuse_alv_grid_display
58.ALV_WITH_FIELD_CATLOGUE,Properties,COL_POS,fieldname,table
name,SEL_TEXT_S,_M,_L,Column Heading text,DO_SUM = 'X'-GRAND TOTALS , '
'-not caliculated,SUB TOTAL = 'X',EDIT='X'-weather field can be editable or
not,EMPHASIZE-apply colors to highlight the field,syn EMPHASIZE = CXYZ wher c =
color,x = color no,y - bold (1-background color,0-no background color) ,inverse (1-
font color 0-no font color),emphasize c610,reference table name,reference field
name key-specifies weather the field is key field or not(blue in color,fixed
position,non scrollable),col pos,field name or main,remianing options
59.Type Group-dictionary object,contains all the reusable user defined types ex:-
SLIS (for ALV Reports)
60.Type-Pools: Keyword/Statements-assigns type group to ALV Report
61.Ex. on ALV with field catlogue,REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY
62.ALV with layout-to decorate ouput of ALV Reports,contains properties,ZEBRA =
'X' - output will be displayed,col-width-optimize - 'X' -maximum length column to
display entire data,edit = 'X' - editable mode , no-vline = 'X' - no vertical lines , no-
Hline = 'x' - no horizontal lines is display , no-out = 'X'.
63.Syntax to declare WA for layout ex:
64.ALV_FIELDCATLOGUE_MERGE (Can be created manually,by system
automatically),obselete,fields in internal table must be declared using like not types
statements,ex
65.ALV's with totals- 2 ways 1. 'E' - Symbol 2.do-sum = 'X' for Currency/Quantity
field (ctrl+f6)
66.ALV with sub totals,on what basis,sort field in ascending order,set property sub
total,WA-SORT-UP = 'X' (up means ascending) wa-sort-fieldname = 'VBELN' ,
wa_sort_subtot ='X'.
67.Events - 17 events (ALV
Reporting),REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET,TOP_OF_PAGE,END_OF_LIST,AT
USER_COMMAND,SET PF_STATUS
68.Top Of Page events
69.Ex on ALV with Field Catalogue
70.All with end of List event.
71.LOGO in ALV Report - OAER (tcode)-Class name(pictures)->Class types(OT-
other objects)->Object key(ziname-any name). OAER->parameters->create tab-
>expand standard document types folder-.double click on screen->select
image(from presentation sever to d. sever) , under reuse_alv_commentary_write,set
i_logo with logo name
72.Interactive ALV's- user command-when user double clicks on basic ALV output
list. SY-UCOM-stores function code (FCT code) of the double click action. cell field-
slis cell field contains content of selected line cell field-tab index - gives line number
(contains selected row number) cell field-field name- gives name of field cell field-
value gives value of where double click action is triggered
73.SAP Memory & ABAP memory- SAP memory-Global memory,used by external
sessions,fig SET,GET statements to set or get value from global
memory,syntax,se38,mm03,va03(session1,session2,session3)
74.How do you find out parameter ID- Go to Any transaction (MM03,XD03)->f1 on
any field->technical information (icon) -> display program name,screen
number,table name,field name,data element name,parameter ID,ex program on SET
parameter.
75.ABAP/4 memory-abap programs,with in same internal session.can access export
& import statements (figure very good)
76.submit-to call another abap program from current program
77.submit and return-to call another abap program from current program and return
will be automatic
78.export and import-stmt/keyword,to export & import the values b/w different abap
programs via ABAP memory,syntax,ex
79.Interactive ALV's to call standard transactions
80.Hierarchial ALV's-to display basic & secondary info on basic list in the form of
hierarchy ex: REUSE_ALV_HIERSEQ_LIST_DISPLAY
81.Blocked ALV-Display information on Single Screen in the form of blocks.,
REUSE_ALV_BLOCK_LIST_INIT,REUSE_ALV_BLOCK_LIST_APPEND,RESUE_ALV
_BLOCK_LIST_DISPLAY
82.Runtime analysis-SE30,(load on database server<40%) , 3 colors,red-need to
optimize,green-good,yellow-warning,efficiency check interms of DB
Server,Application Server,Presentation Server,graph modes, ex program-
select,update,delete,insert,modify
83.Performance tuning-displays time taken for each SQL Statements ST05 (click on
active trace,execute program in another session,click on deactivate trace,click on
display trace,,displays time taken for select statements,identify any statement with
red color)
84.Best Programming Standards-
1.Always use types for ITab,WA
2.Never use select *
3.into corresponding fields
4.Always use keyfield in where
5.create secondary index for no key fields
6. joins for one,two tables
7.for all entries for more then two tables(check itab initial)
8.binary search to read a record(sort internal table before)
9.never use nested loops
10.select statement inside loop
11.Always use single * by providing key fields
SAP Scripts-SAP tool,to generate printable business legal documents (invoice,sales
order,purchase order,delivary note),ADV version-Smart Forms,Client
Dependent(100,120),intenally stored as texts,text processing tools ,SE71
85.Components of SAP Scripts-Header,Pages,Windows,PageWindows,Paragraph
Format,Character Format,Layout. Header-header info (2 sub options) Adminstrative
data-Program Name,Client No,user name Basic Settings-Page
Format(A4,A3),Orientation(Portriat,Landscape Format),Font Family,Default
Paragraph
86.Pages-SAP Script is a group of pages.each page contains layout(designs
pages). Page-group of windows(99 pages max) ,each page must have next page
unless same page windows-some information to be displayed on script . 4 types
1.main 2.contant 3.varibale 4.Graphical
87.Page Windows-Windows assigned to particular page.
88.Paragraph formats- we can define font size & font family,for all the characters of
a paragraph
89.Tabs- to specify a position in SAP Script with position statement,similar to
write,tabs are represented by ''
90.Character Format-format for single or group of charcters
91.layout- a place where we design the page with windows.
92.difference between paragraph format(we can define tabs in it) & character
format(we can't define tabs in it)
93.Types of windows
1.main window-A window which expands automatically depending up on the data (99
max) each page-1 main window 99 pages-99 windows.information is divide into
blocks called text elements
94.text element-to display specific block of information..represented by /E. /E
Header, /E Footer , /E body
95.Constant Window (obselete)-which is constant for all pages.
96.varaible window (which doesnot expandable i.e height,width fixed)
97.Graphical Window:- to display graphics or images
Note: Main window displays line item information.
Function modules in SAP Script:- 1. open_form 2.Close_form 3.write_form
4.Start_form 5.end_form.
1. open a form for execution by loading in memory
2.close form-close the form opened by open form
3.write some information on SAP script form
4.to call another SAP script in the current SAP Script(nested forms)
5.end the form started by start form
98.Execution of SAP Scripts:- 1 figure
99.Driver program:- A prgoram which is used to print SAP script.business logic
statements like loops,appends etc.All variables,wa's,itab's declared in driver
program will be automatically transported to SAP Scripts,to display them Syntax :
&variable& ex:-
100.Symbol in SAP script- 4 1.text(defined as text)2.program(driver program)
3.Standard (in table TTDTG) 4.System (by System SYST)
101.Standard Symbols(SM30) - A symbol reusable by multiple SAP Scripts.SM30-
>give table Name->maintain button->new entries & create symbol->use the symbol
in SAP script
102.Standard text(SO10)-resuable by multiple scripts,footer information,terms and
conditions are maintained.
SO10->give name(footer)->goto ->change editor->write text->terms & condtions-
>save->back->print priview
103.inserting standard text into SAP scripts->create name by footer->double click
on window->click on insert->text->standard->pop-up is displayed -> Text Name:
footer test id:st language:en,enter
104.Control Commands-To change the out put format of a SAP Script
1.define : to define variable in SS editor. ex:- define &v_name& = 'srinu'
2.address...end address ex: - /: address number &v_addr& /: end address adrc
table,adrnr field name,addr no-address of customer vendor employee
3.TOP...END TOP to display constant page heading (top of page)in main window
accross all pages /: top * this is page heading /: end top
4.bottom...end bottom-constant footer /: bottom this is footer /: end bottom
5.protect..end protect -displays into without any page break. ex: /:protect this is line
1,2,3 /:end portect (displays either in first page or with out any page brak in second
page)
6.new-page :- to start a new page to display some information
ex: * this is not /: new page * this is invoice-> This line is printed in a new page.
7. if...endif: conditional statement. /: if &v_name= 'srinu' & /:endif
8.case ...endcase- checking multiple conditions
105.Configuration of SAP Script driver program : NACE Transaction,(Functional
Consultant)-SADFM06P-driver program for Standard SAP Script,MEDRUCK-
Satandard S.S
106. Modifying Standard Script Converting original language of SAP Script
107.Modifying SAP Script with out changing Driver program.Use external sub
routines , Syntax.
108.debugging-SAPSCRIPT-SE71->form name zposcript->utilities->active
debugger->executed driver program->automatically starts SAPScript editor
Note:- "E" - which line is being executed . "V" - which part of statement being
executed. SMART FORMS-Smae transaction.GUI Tool,designs business legal
documents,client Independent.
109.Difference between SAP Script & Smart Form-SAP Script-Client
Dependent,Main Window Compulsory,No functional module generated,only black &
white texts,repeated transfer of control,Single Page Format is possible,Smart Form-
Client Independent
110.Why Smart Form is Client Dependent? Fn.Module is Client Independent so
Smart Form is Client Independent (Environment->function module->BCDCUB)
111.SAP SmartForm-Function Module-name- A function module to find
outdynamically generated function module,give Smart Form name as Exporting
parameter->returns name of the function module (to avoid function module name
change when moving Smartform from One server to another server) with in system
landscape we use SAP Smart Form-Function Module name) RS8L-FN for type ->
function module
112.Smart Style-reusable objects to create paragraph and character formats
113.Components of SmartForms- 2 Global Settings Pages & Windows Gobal
Seetings->baic settings like package name ,created date,language transalation, 3
sub options 1)form attributes 2)form interface 3)Global defintions 1) Form
attributes- attributes of form smart form like package name,smart style,page format
etc. 2) form interface - interface/mediator between driver program to smart form ,it
will import & export the variables ,WA's,internal table's from driver program to smart
form ) Global defintions-(we maintain) which are used with in smart form (like
variables,wa's,,itable's,user defined type,sub routines,currency quantity
field,initialization (code) .PAGE WINDOWS-to maintain pages & windows used in
smart form it has options 1) page 2) window 3) Graphics 4) address text-to display a
text (or) some info.
114.Tables-creates a table 1.Header,body,footer executed automatically 2.table
expands automatically depending on data,need to specify no. of columns under
header -
115.Template- Same as table,fixed size,does not expand
116.Folder-Used to group Similar texts,windows,graphics into single block
117.Program Lines-A Place to write ABAP Code.
118.Alternative- Same as if...else..endif.(to execute true/false condition)
118.Command-used to trigger event
119.Types of Windows in Smart Forms- 4
1.Main-Auto Expandable window
2.secondary-fixed size,does not expand(variable window in scripts)
3.copies-special type of window to generate different copies when we print
(customer,vendor,bank)
4.final-executable at last i.e after the entire smartform execution is finished (grand
totals on first page)
120.line type-option in table to specify no.of columns in a line.
Book2
121.ERP,ERP Software,ex,Companies Using SAP,SAP,ABAP
122.SAP Modules -SD,mm,fi,hr,crm,PM,wm,SCM
123.SAP Consultant,Roles & responsibilties,Unit Testing-5 tests cases
124.Functional testing UAT & CAT User Acceptence And Customer Acceptence
125.Basis Consultant,Architectures - 3 types Disadvantage of 2 tier
126.3 tier Architecture(Dev,Qua,Prd) Figure Good One,System Landscape
127.Developement Server,What is Server,Production server(live or actual business
data)
128.Login to SAP-Types of SAP Software(Development(110,120,130),IDES)
129.Transaction Code- SE - 'S' -Session,'E'-editor
130.Naming Conventions-2 1.SAP Standard Objs(A,B,C,D) 2.Custom Objs(Y or
Z),SE21 pkg Builder
131.Package-It is an Object consists of Group of Similar Obj.s,SE21,Container of
SAP objects.
All our developments should save in a Single Package.(TL,PM,Basis)
132.Transport Request Number-No.Generated By Sys to move Obj(..from
Oneserver to another Server).Local Obj.No transport table fig,Very Good
Give Tr (in Pkg) No tr (in Local Object)
133.Table Creation using Data element & Domain
134.Domain-An obj.Specifies technical attributes(data type length),ex:kunnr for
customer No,KNA1 for data element
135.Data Element-An Obj,specifies Symantic Information-Fields desc,Labels
136.Steps to create a program-Active-To make an SAP object reusable to Other
Objects
137.Write: Keyword to print information or test in the output Syntax
138.Data dic or ABAP dic-Central repository where we define and create objects
related to Data Base
139.List of Obj.s in DDIC-Table,View,Data Type(Date Element,Structure,Table
Type),Type Group,Domain,Search Help,Lock Objects
140.D B Table-Collection of Rows(records) & cols (fields) to store data,2 types 1.
using predefined(not used in R.time) 2.using Domain & data element
141.Advantage of Creating Table using DE & Domain 1.Reusability 2.F key
relationships 3.For Search Helps 4.In cross apps for defining IDOCS & Segments
142.Steps to create a domain-SE11->D.name->Create->tech.Attr->Data type(Char)
Length(10),Save,Activate
143.Steps to Create Data Element-SE11->Name->Create->Data Type->Data Ele-
>Desc->Domain Name->enter->Save->Activate
144.Defining a Table -> 1.Define Fields (define properties) 2.Domain (Data
Type,Length) 3.Data Element (Description)
145.Steps To create a Table 1.Create Domain 2.Data Element 3.Define Fields
using D.E,Domain
146.Creating/Displaying data records into a table-> Utilities->Table Contents-
>Create/Display
147.Key Field-Does not Accept Duplicate Data
148.Creating DE & Domains-> 2 ways 1.Bottom to Top (Do->DE->Fld) 2.Top to
Bottom (Fld->DE->DO)
149.Initial Field-ALL Key flds By Default,If selected it stores initial Value or Empty
space as a Record.
150.Types Of Tables 1.Client Dependent (First fld-MANDT) 2.Client Independent
151.Client Number-NO to provide Security to that data at DB level.FLD
Name,DE,DOM for Cl.No is MANDT
152.Primary Key-Group of ALL the Key Fields (Ex:MANDT,KUNNR)-,Duplicates
checked based on P.Key but not on Key Flds.
153.Ex:Standard SAP Tables,KNA1,LFA1,MARA,MAKT,KNBK,KNB1
154.Ex:Commanly Used Flds.kna1-Kunnr,name1,name2,land1,ort01,ort02
155.Reusability of DE & Domains Fig
156.Properties Of Table 1.Delivary Class (Display/Maintence) 2.Fields
3.Tech.Settings- Data Class,Size Category
157.Data Class-Specifies Type of Data that is stored in table A-Appl.Table(Master &
Data table),C-Customizing table,L-Transport Table,S,E,W-Sys Table to store sys
data
158.Display Maintanence-2 specify table data can only be
displayed/maintained,Maint.Oprns-Creation,Changing,Deleting da table data 3
options 1.DMA 2.DMNA 3.DMAWR
159.Data Class-Specifies Physical Area of Table in DB Server(APPL0-Master
Data(remains Unchanged Over a Period),APPL1-Transactional Data(Day to day
Transactions))
160.Size Category-Max.No. of Rec.s that can be stored in a Table-Always 0.0 (0 to
3,600 records),1(3600 to 7,200 records),2(7200 to 16,000 records)
161.Delivary & Maintenence -Delivary Class-it defines the type of data to be
transffered into table A.-Appl.Table (master & Taransactional Data only,All
application tables should be client specific,Client dependent)
162.Data Class-specifies physical space for the table in data base. APPL0(Master
Data),APPL1(Trasnactional Data),APPL2(Organisational Data)
163.Size Catogery-Probable space for no. of records stored in table (0-9).Client
dependent-First field should be MANDT(Data Element-MANDT),p.key to avoid
duplicate keys one table-16 primary key fields,DD01l-table for all domains,DD04L-
table for all data elements,68 page,figure
164.domain-defines technical attributes(data type,size) for a field.it also maintains
fixed vals.Range of vals for a field.to maintain f.key realtionships between
tables,reusabilty
166.Data element-Set of properties for a field,domain+ desc,treated as data type in
ABAP.
167.Structure-Data type for tables,group of fields & properties,no memory(not
allocated),cant hold data
168.table-variable for structure data type (structure + body),memory allocated,can
hold data, field - data type + size + desc,domain-data type+ size,Data element-
desc,dd02l-for all data base tables tdenc-for all packages
169.DDIC objs 1.Db tables 2.Views(copy of DB tables) 3.domain-technical attributes
of a field,data type+ size 4.type group-(group of user defined data types) 5.search
help-list of possible values for a field 6.lock object (to lock/release a table access)
7.data type 1.data element(set of properties of a field) 2.structure(group of fields
and there properties) 3.table type(data type for internal tables) eck9000014 ec-
sysid k-standard 9000014-sequential generated request number note: we never
create -----
170.SE11-it is centrally integrated tool for all ABAP devlopment environments.
DDIC-ABAP Editor,Screen Painter,Form Painter,Function Builder,Class
Builder,SmartForm,Object Builder,Object Navigator. 80,000 Standard DB Tables In
SAP.
172.Package-To save any kind of Object these are used to transport from one
place to another up to 4.6 development class after 4.7 package 2types
1.Transportable(SE21) 2.non transportable (local object,$tmp)
173.To create Package-SE21-enter-rd but package->create->short desc-demo
package->Software Componet:home,Package type-Not a main package-
>enter.make sure a request number is generated. eck900017
174.Client tables-2 groups 1.client dependent (client specific-all application tables)
2.client independent ()
175.Client-Specific path or logical system on application server,3 digit
numeric(100,110,120),never use 800 it is for demo purpose.000-Golden
client(Default Client),client-data base dependent(each client maintain his-----),4.7
password strength-5,ecc 6.0 - 8 IDES-international demonstrative evaluation
system,TSTCT-Table for all tcodes se11,se38,se41,se51,se71,se37,se80
176.Objects- 1.standard(developed by SAP,display mode only,access key required
to change A to X) 2.custom(Developed by ABAPer,Display / change mode,Access
key not required,Y/Z customize objects)
177.Transaction code-to start an environment,To run an Application
178.Buffer-Temp.memory,To reduce load on DB server,To Improve Performance of
programming Fig: Prg,Buffer,DB
179.Buffering Options:3 1.Buffering Not Allowed(Table Data not used in buffer) 2.BA
(Used by SAP) 3.BSwitched ON (Table data stored in Buffer,Huge Data,Daily Basis)
180.Buffering Types:3 1.Single Record Buffering(only single/first record) 2.Fully
Buffered (ALL Records) 3.Generic area Buffer(Only Few Flds Data)
181.Generic Area:An Area that contains key Fields Data.(Specified By No. Of Key
Flds)
182.Log Data changes-If selected All Changes(Create,delete,Change) Done to the
Data or Recorded
183.Using Currency Quantity Flds-CURR-D.type for Currency/Amount Flds,CUKY
D.type to define Currency Key,QUAN,Unit
184.Steps For Defining Currency/Quantity Fields Page 17
185.Structures-SE11-An Obj,Group of Flds,Stores Single Record.Reusable(In More
then One Table)
186.Reusability Of Structures- 2 1.Include Strucutre 2.Append(Custom
Tables,Reusable) Strucutre(Standard SAP Table,Not reusable) .Include DE-
>structure Name
187.Steps for Using Include Structure-Page 18
188.Reuse Strucutre In a Table- 1. Create table with Flds Mandt,others 2.Include
structure By giving Name as .include,DE-Strucutr Name. 3.Same For other tables
too
189.Using Append Structures-For Adding Extra Flds to the St. SAP tables Append
Button->Icon Create Append->Give Name,Fld Name,DE Name.2 or 3 flds In Real
Time
190.F Key Relationship-Relation b/w 2 or more flds for Table Fld Validation-
>Checking Weather table Value Correct or Not.
191.Check Table-Table Stores Orginal List of Values or Main Data(Mater table) Ex:
KNA1,MARA EX:KNA1 to KNB1,KNBK
192.Foriegn Key table-A table Linked With Check Table for Fld Vaidation EX:
KNB1,KNBK
193.Foriegn Key Fld-A Fld in check table Linked with a field in Foriegn Key table
EX:KNA1-Kunnr(Foriegn Key Fld)
194.Pre Req.s For F.Key Rel.s- 2 1.Domain Names must be same for Check Table
& FK Table 2.FK Fld Must be P.Key in Check Table
195.Steps to Create FK Rel.s- 1.Create tab.s YYKNA1(5 records) & YYKNB1 with
flds 2.Open YYKNB1.Slect KUNNR Click ON F.key Button (Standing Man) Enter
Check tab Name (YYKNA1),Gen.Proposal,Copy,Save,Activate 3.testing Open
YYKNBK->Utilities->Tab.Contents->create->enter a no which is not there in
YYKNA1 Kunnr.Error
196.Value table-A Tab Name Defined at Domain level So that all tab flds will be
validated against a single table(value table).Click on F.key Button->Msg(F.key Does
not exis t create a proposal with value table ZZKNA1 as check table yes no
cancel).Yes Value tab becomes check table.No-we have to give our own tab name
197.Steps to create a Value Table
198.Table maintenence generator-SM30-Maintence-creation,Deletion,Updation of
recd.s -1. To Maintain Bulk Amount Of Data. 2.To validate tab rec.s using events
199.Steps To create TMG-SE11-> 1.Create Table->utilities->TMG->Auth Group
(&NC&-with out auth),Fun Group-Table Name,Mainten.Type:One Step.click Btn Find
scrn No:Sys proposses this->Icon Create->TMG/Stan. fun.Mod is created Save 2.SE
80->FUN Grp Name->Rght click->Activate Note:Adding New Fld to tmg Doesn't work
Delete & Regenerate
200.Maintaining The table Data: 2 types 1.SM30->tab Name->Maintain button->New
Records Button->enter data ->save it. 2. Open Table->Utilities->Tab.Contents-
>Create
201.Validation with TMG:Using events we can write validations(35 to 40
events).se11->table->change->utilities->TMG->envir->Modif's->events->new entries
butn->F4 on first col.abap editor->write code (1.before saving data in DB 2.After
Saving 3.Before Deleting 4.After Deleting 5.Creating a New Entry) 4.SE80 Activate
the Fn Group 5.Test tab
202.Bussiness Requirement (Same As Above)
203.Properties Of TMG 2 1.Auth Grp(Grp of users who have access to maintain
table data) 2.Fun.Grp(Conatiner of fn Mdls created by SAP while creating TMG)
204.Maintenence Type-Specifies One or two Screens to be displayed for
maintaining table Data Options:Two step-Muliple Records at a time(2 screens
displayed).One Step:Single Screen<to Create Entries Click on New Entries button
205.Recording Routine-We can enter one record at a time,to record table
changes.1.Standard Recording 2.No User Recording 3.User Recording
206.Indexes-To read data from data base effiecently to improve performance 2
1.primary(Created by SAP,On Key Flds) 2.Secondary (Abaper,On Non Key Flds)
207.Steps For Creating Secondary Index(Max 9)->Click on Button indexes->Create
Icon->desc->provide fld name->Save->activate
208.Types Of DB Tab.s: 3 1.Transperent 2.Pooled 3. Cluster 3 figs 1. business
data,one to one rel with t.tab in ddic & tt in db.A table in ddic is replicated in db with
same structure by default all tables are TT. 2.To store sys data (screen
sequence,Statistical data) Table Pool,Many to 1 Realtion,Tab Pool 3.Table
Cluster,Page No,TimeStamp
209.Views-Imaginary Table,Stores Flds from Multiple Data Base tables,Doesnot
Store Data
210.Types Of Views: 4. 1.DB View(Inner Join,Only Reading,No Maintence)
2.Projection(Single table,R&W) 3.Maintence(Inner join,R& W)4.Help(Otr Join,Only in
Search help)
211.Joins-To link 2 or more DB tables 2 types 1.inner(Matching Records table)
2.Outer Join(All rec.s from 1st table,Matching Records from 2nd table,Blank)
212.An Example of DB View-SE11->create->sel DB View->desc->Tab
Names(MARA,MAKT)->relationships button->select Relation MAKT-MARA->copy
button->View Flds Tab-> Table Flds Button->Slect MARA or MAKT ->Choose->field
Names->copy ->select Condition Tab->Table,Field names Compare Values->Save-
>Activate
213.Checking The defintion Of view->utilities->DB Objs->displayed(SQL Stmt)
214.Projection View-View created On Single table,Read and Maintain data,to
minimize DB interference,To reduce table fields.Steps:-SE11->View Name->create-
>projection View->Desc->TAB Name->TAB Flds->Copy Button->Save->Activate-
>Test It
215.Maintenence View-Create on Multiple DB tables Using Inner Join Concept,Can
Read & Maint. data.Designed For SAP,Not in Real Time.As Per Best Programming
Sandards Maintence Should Not Be Done Through Views
216.Help View-Special view.Designed For Search Help.2 or more tables,outer
join,Cant execute directly,can only Read data.
217.Steps To create help View:se11->View Name->Table Name->Relationships
Button->Select Tables(MARA-MAKt)->Copy->View Flds Tab->Slect flds->Save-
>Activate
218.Search Help: Help for List of Values to be selected on an Input Field,f4
functionality for an input field
219.Types Of Search helps: 1.Elementary 2.Collective A single Search help for
input flds A group of elementary search helps for input flds.
220.Steps of Elementary Search help.SE11->Select Search help->create->Select
Elementary Search help->desc->selection Method(MARA)->Provide Search help
Parameters as Below Search help parameters Imp tick exp lpos spos Save-
>Activate->Test 1.program level(pars,stmts,syntax,ex) 2.Table Level 3.Data Element
level
221.MatchCode Object: Stmt to assign Custom Search Help by replacing Standard
Search Help.If Standard Search help Not avai it displays cu.s.help directly.Syntax:
Parameters: <Pname> type <Table-FieldName> Match Code Object <Custom
Search Help>
222.Assigning The Search help At the Table level 3 steps 1.Create table 2.Create a
Search Help 3.Assign Search Help to Table Field ex:open ZMARA->select Matnr-
>click on generate proposal->Save->activate->Test it.
223.Collective Search help->Group of Elementary Search helps Ex: 1.Create 2
ele.search helps with parameters 2.Create a Collective S Help with Par.s
3.Include(tab) search helps->give 2 s helps one by one->Parameter(button)
Assigment->Proposal->Yes->Save->Activate->test it
224.Assigning Collective Search Help At program Level.
225.Search help properties 1.Sel. method-Specifies table Name or view name so
that values can be selected 2.LPOS-list position of screen 3.SPOS-Selection
Screen position of Field 4.Importing-chk box selected values are imported by list
screen to selection screen 5.Exporting-Vice Versa
226.Dailog Type:Dialog means Screen- 3 types 1.Display values immediately
2.Dailog with value restriction 3.Dailog depends on set of values 1.As soon as click
on SHelp button 2.Values Not Displayed immediatley but a window is disaplyed
instead where we can put some filter 3.Above both set of values<500 displays >500
screen
227.Type Group-Obj,contains reusable user defined data types ex:slis(related to
ALV reports).we dont create them in real time
228.Steps to create Type Group-SE11->Type GRP->ZTYPE->Create->Below Code-
> Type-pools: Ztype types: Ztype_name(25) type c.
229.Properties of Domain : Sign:Can Store sign of a -ve or else + ve value
Lcase:Charcters are stored as entered in SAP screen or else upper case.
230.Conversion Routine:Fn.Module,Converts a Value frm int. format to ext.Format
CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_INPUT(ext. to
int),CONVERSION_EXIT_ALPHA_OUTPUT
231.Fixed Values:Can define list of fixed values for a domain(see notes)
232.Internal tables:Symbol,Temp.Mem loc created during run time of a prg. to store
the data of a DB table,stores n no of records,a run time instance
233.Work Area:Symbol,temp. me. storage location
234.variable:temp.mem.location,Stores a Single value.
235.Why Itabs or Wa's-Not directly working on Db tables.Reducing the load on DB.
236.Why Work areas-To read record from itab in to a sep. memory called as WA.
237.Syntax of Itab: DATA:<itab name> type table of <DB Table Name>/<User
Defined Data type> ex: Data: I_kna1 type table of kna1,Data: I_kna1 type table of
ty_kna1
238.Syntax for WA: Data: <wa Name > type <DB Table>/<User Defined type> ex:
Data: wa_kna1 type kna1/ty_kna1
239.Accesing Work Area Fields: Syn: <WA-name>-FieldName = 'Value'.
Ex:wa_kna1-kunnr = '1001'.
240.Reading data from DB tables: Select fromDB Table into Itab. Syn:Select f1,f2 or
* from <DB Table> into table <itab> where <condition> Ex: Select
241.Displaying Itab Data:need to read each record from itab to wa Syn: Loop at
<ItabName> into <WA>....EndLoop Ex: Loop At I_Kna1 into Wa_Kna1...very very
good ex Data: I_kna1 type table of kna1 Data:wa_kna1 type kna1.Select * from
kna1 into table i_kna1 Loop at i_kna1 into wa_kna1 writ: / wa_kna1-kunnr,wa_kna1-
Name1 endloop
242.Types: To declare our own custom data types. Syntax: Begin of
<UserDefinedTypeName> f1,f2 .....End of <UserDefinedTypeName> Ex:Begin of
Ty_kna1
kunnr type kna1-kunnr,Land1 type kna1-land1 End of Ty_kna1 Data: i_kna1 type
table of ty_kna1 wa_kna1 type ty_kna1
243.Into corresponding Fields: to compare each field from source to target itab,puts
extra burden on DB,Never in Real Time Syn:Select * from <dbtab> into corrsponding
fields of Table <itab>.
244.Best prg.ing:1.Always declare itabs using u.d.type 2.Select * X,Select list of flds
3.into corresponding flds X 4. Source list of flds & the targt itab flds list must be
same
245.List of Itabs operations 1.Append 2.Insert 3.Sort 4.Describe Table 5.Read table
6.Loop at <Itable> 7.Modify 8.Delete 9.Delete Adjacent Duplicates 10.Clear
11.Refresh 12.free 13.Collect 14.Move Corresponding 15.Append Lines of 16.Insert
Lines Of
246.Append-To add Single record from wa to Itable.Syn: Append WA to Itab Ex:
WA_kna1-kunnr = '100'. Append wa_kna1 to i_kna1.
247.Insert-To Insert record from wa to Itab at a specified location Syn:Insert <WA>
into <ITAB> index <No>
248.Sort-To Sort Itab Data either in Ascing or Descending order Syn:Sort <Itab> by
f1,f2...<ASC>/<DESC> ex:1.Sort i_kna1 2.Sort i_kna1 by Name1 3.Sort i_kna1 by
Land1 descending
249.Describe table-To find total no of records in a iTable. 43 page Syn:Describe
Table <Itab> lines <var.name>
250.Read Table-To read a Single Record from itab into Wa. 2 1.With Index(read the
record specified by index no into wa) Syn:Read table <itab> into <wa> index
<no>2.With Key(By field value) Syn:Read table <itab> into <wa> with key
<fldname1>=<value>,<fldname2>=<value>,Binary Search,Prerequsite is Itab sort in
Ascending.
251.Binary Search-Search Algorithem,To improve time taken for reading a record
from itable.In Real time its Mandatory.Functionality of Binary Search(2 halfs).
251.Loop..EndLoop-Read Multiple records from itab into Wa one by one. 3
Syntaxes 1.Loop at <itab> into <wa>..endloop 2.Loop at <itab> into <wa> from N1 to
N2 3.Loop at <itab> into <wa> where <field name=Value>
<Fieldname=Value>..endloop
252.Modify-To Modify single/Multiple Records based on the condition. Syn:Modify
<itab> from <wa> index <no> transporting <Fname>
253.Sy-tabix-System variable,Index no of internal table which is currently
processed.Internal table Index ex:
254.Insert the values in the data base table (report prgoram)
255.Delete-To delete the data from Internal table Syntaxes 3. 1.Delete <itab> from
<wa> 2.Delete <itab> index <no> 3.Delete <itab> where <fld1>=<val>,<fld2>=<val>
256.Delete Adjecent Duplicates-Delete Adjacent/Side by Side duplicate records (pre
requisite itab sorted in ascending order) Syn:Delete adjacent duplicate from <itab>
Comparing <f1><f2><f3> or all fields ex:Delete i_kna1 index 3.Delete i_kna1 where
kunnr = 'sony01' ex.
257.Clear:to delete data from Variable or WA or ITAB Syn:Clear <VarName>,Clear
<WA>,Clear <ITAB>[]->Body
258.Refresh:To delete Internal Table only Syntax:REFRESH <ITAB Name>
259.Free:Data & Memory also be deleted.Syntax: Free <Variable Name>,WA,ITAB.
260.Collect:Similar to append.Checks weather wa record already exist in the Internal
Table or not.Yes-It will add numeric fields No-It will add a new record to itable
Syn:Collect <WA> into <ITAB> ex:big one.
261.Append Lines of-To add multiple records from 1 itable to another itable
Syn:Append lines of <itab1> from <n1> to <n2> into <itab2> ex:
262.Insert Lines of-To add data from one ITAB to another at specified index
number. Syntax: Insert lines of <iab1> from <n1> to <n2> into <ITAB2> index <no>.
ex
263.Moving Data from One Internal Table to another Internal table Syntax: Itab2[] =
Itab1[].
264.Move Corresponding:To Move Data from Corresponding fields from One WA to
Another WA Syn:Move Corresponding <WA1> to <WA2> Ex:Dangerous
stmt,Alternative Is
265.Obselete Ways to declare ITAB and WA:occurs 0-Creates body of 8 kb size for
internal table.occurs 0 with header line-Body as well as implicit WA(header line)
266.Using our own fields-Page 51.OOABAP-Only Type Statement,Internal table
Operations Differences.
267.Types of Internal tables
1.Standard 2.Sorted 3.Hashed
1.Default,Key or Index operation to read a record,binary/linear search,Response
time depends on no of records
2.not default,automatically stores data,no append stmt, Default,Key or Index
operation to read a record,binary/linear search,Can be sorted
3.not default,when working with all fields of itables,when working with large
datasets,only index operation
Syn: Data:<ITAB> Type Standard/Sorted/Hashed Table of <DBT/UDDT>
267.Open SQL:SAP R/3,Independent to DB,R/3 interface Layer,Converts to DB
Stmts
268. 2 types of Statements 1.Open SQL->In Real Time 2.Native SQL->Directly with
Data Base
269.INSERT: Insert <DBTab> From <WA>,INSERT <DBTAB> From Table <ITAB>.
270.MODIFY: Same
271.UPDATE:Same
272.DELETE:Same Above Kind of Syntax
273.Pre Requisites for Open SQL Stmts: Always work with <ITAB> rather then
<WA>.Structure of itab/wa must be same as DB Tables. Ex: Data: I_kna1 type table
of kna1 (tick) ,Data: I_kna1 type table of ty_kna1 (wrong)
274.System Variables:System Variables Automatically updated for each open SQL
Operation. 1.SY-SUBRC-System/sub operation/return code-Stores return code of
open sql operation.'0' means successfully executed. 2.sy-dbcnt-Stores No of
records successfully processed.
275. 2 forms of insert statement fig. 1.Insert from ITAB(throws run time error when
finds duplicate records) 2. Insert from ITAB accepting duplicate keys
276.update statement: 2 types 1.row level update 2. column level update 1.Entire
row is processed 2.Only purticular Fields updated Syn: 1.update <DBTAB> from
<WA> or update <DBTAB> from TABLE <itab> 2.update <DBTABLE> set <fl> =
<val1> <f2> = <val2> where <condition>
277.Modify Statement:it updates/inserts new record (if yes/no) always sy-subrc = 0.
278.Delete : it deletes single/multiple records, all examples
279.debugging:SAP tool,Displays Back ground Execution of each Statement.
280.break point: it is a point to break program execution 2 types 1.Static(fixed,set by
statement BREAK-POINT,never use) 2.Dynamic (STOP button,deleted
automatically)
281.EXIT: to stop loop processing and exit the loop,ex.
282.Continue:To continue the next iteration counter by leaving all the below
statements
283.Loops : 3 types 1.DO <N> times ENDDO 2.While <Condition>...ENDWHILE 3.
Loop at <ITAB> ....ENDLOOP.
284.Sy-index-Holds the loop iteration counter of a loop,Sys-Variable
285.Case <Conditon>.....when <value> .....EndCase
286.Conditional Statements 3 1.if...endif 2.if....else...endif 3.
if....elseif...elseif...elseif...endif.
287.Data types in abap-fig,ex Prg
288.SKIP-to display blank line on output screen syn: SKIP <NO> -No of
Lines,Skip,Skip2-2 blank lines.
289.Variable-Temporary memory location-holds single value
290.System variable-SYST structure, ex: sy-uname,sy-datum,sy-uzeit,sy-repid,sy-
vline,sy-uline,sy-mandt.
291.Write with position with LEFT/RIGHT/CENTER JUSTIFIED ,colors
292.Structures-Group of Fields and properties,2 types,1.INCLUDE 2.APPEND
1.custom tables,to add new flds at any req. pos. .include as fld name,strcutre as
data element,n no of custom tables 2.Standard tables,Last positons,f5
293.
1.Transparent Table-Same Table Name,Strucutre in DDIC & DB.
2.Pooled tables-Multiple DDIC tables-one DB table(Pooled table)-Orginizational
Data
3.Cluster table-same,table cluster,Multiple tables must be linked with a primary key
Note:Properties for a field check here (predefined type),Types of tables w.r.t
client,w.r.t DB.
Book3
294.String operations: concatinate,Condense,Translate(u/l case),Replace,Split
295.using loops in smartforms:loop node,loops an itab,table-node,loops an itab and
display data in the form of a table prg.
296.Debugging 2 ways 1.Static Brk point in prg lines of Smart Form 2.Dynamic Brk
Point in Function Module se7->fn md name->display->source code-
>find(button,binarcules)->Give any Prg.Line(v_sno=v_sno+1) -> RADIO Button In
Main program->enter->put Dynamic Break Point.
297.Configuration of Smart forms NACE Page5.
298.Text Module in Smart Form-to display text depending on log on language,Single
text in multiple languages->steps
299.Module Pool Programming-se80,tcode is must to execute,to create custom SAP
screens as per business requirement/Modifying Standard SAP Screen.
300.Events of MPP:- 1.PBO- Before screen is Displayed 2.PAI-After Screen is
displayed 3.POV-when user clicks on search help or f4 button 4.POH-Help/f1 button
301.Execution flow of a MPP-execute tcode->PBO->screen->User Enter Input->PAI
302.Modularization Technique in MPP Programs-4 include prgs.Created
Automatically 1.TOP Include(<MPPName>_TOP,All Data declarations) 2.PBO
Include(<MPPName>_O01,Logic relaed to PBO) 3.PAI
Include(<MPPName>_I01,Logic related to PAI) 4.Forms Include
(<MPPName>_F01,Logic related to sub routines)
303.Screen-Visible Layout which is displayed in the output.
304.Components of Screen:4 1.Attributes(Properties of screen) 2.ElementList(List
of elements of screen) 3.FlowLogic(contains modules) 4.Layout(Designing Part)
305.Module-Obj,Contains ABAP code for a screen (Flow Logic cannot understand
ABAP Statements)
306.Steps to create a MPP Program (Check all in MPP Questions)
307.OOABAP (See SAP technical Also)
308.Class:User Defined Data Type (Group of
attributes,methods,events,types,interfaces etc)
309.Object:Fig. Instance of a Class i.e a duplicate Copy of a class,Each obj.
Seperate Memory.
310.Types Of Components: fig. 2 1.Instance 2.Static 1.Seperate memory for each
instance or Obj. fig. Syn:<Instance/Obj.Name>-><instance Component Name> ex:-
2.Global memory or fixed memory for all objects,Static attributes affect all the
objects reffereing to same memory Syn: <ClassName>=><StaticComponentName>
fig.
Static Component Selector.
311.Attributes: Any data variables,wa,constants with in the class
312.Steps to create a global class: SE24->ClassName(ZCL_name)->Create->Desc-
>Button Save->Attribute(Attribute Tab)->save & Activate
313.Creating Objects: 2 Steps 1.Declare a vaibale for Object Syn:<ObjName> type
ref to <ClassName> ex: Data: Obj type ref to ZCL_Sample 2.Instantiate Object
Syn:Create Object <ObjName> Ex:Obj1,Obj2 (SAP Memory Allocated)
314.Example program on the Above Class 1.Declration 2.Instantiation 3.Setting a
Value 4.Changing Value & Print see page V.IMP Page 25.
315.Ex. prg. on static attributes v.imp page 26 see once
316.Visibility of Components -3 visible sections in a class. 1.public section 2.Private
section 3.protected section 1.within Class & outside Class 2.within Class Only
3.Within Class & for its child class. Any Data,varaibles,Components declared under
317.Ex on protected & private Variables (instance Obj->V_name Static
Obj=>V_name)
318.types of classes 2 1.Global,All prgs in SAP can access this class,Starts with
GCL_ 2.Local SE38 with in a Program,Cant be accesesed outside,Starts with LCL_
319.Methods: Similar to function Modules,Set of
Statements,Importing,exporting,Changing,Reing parameters Syn:- To call method -
CALL method (downside exp..Imp..) <ObjName>(instance)/<ClassName>(Static) -
>/=> Method name under parameters button
320.Ex. On methods 1.declaring Methods in method tab 2.Parameters (itable,field)
3.Click on [] and write code (method...endmethod)->select Query 4
321.Using method in the program : pattern RadBut ABAP Object Patterns->RadBut
Callmethod (Instance,class interface,method)->Code will be generated 2 book ex:
23ex
322.Ex on method with table type Create table Type->open class->Method tab-
>Define a Method->Specify parameters->Write Code->Write Code in program
323.Types In Classes (Ex) : to declare attributes or --- parameters of type user
defined. click on types tab and define types
324.Events: action double click | Right Click | left Click.To trigger the methods of
same or other class. events tab. Syntax to raise events: Raise Event <EventName>
ex: Raise Event no_kunnr. 5 steps to work. 1. Define event 2.Define a Method
3.Link event & method 4.Raise Event 5.use SET HANDLER Syn: SET Handler event
handle method for instance object.
325.SET HANDLER(key word)-To register event handler method for a particular
instance | object. ex:- SET HANDLER obj1 -> zxyz for obj1 ,SET HANDLER obj2 ->
zxyz for obj2 , ex program
326.Constructors - special method,Executed automatically 2 1.Instance 2.Static
1.instance constructor-executed when ever instance is created,only importing
parameters,no exporting,to set default value in a class,name is CONSTRUCTOR
327.A real time ex on construcor
328.STATIC CONSTRUCTOR-exe when ever class is accessed using instance/class
name for the first time ex:objName->Class member,ClassName=>Static class
method exe only once name static constructor class constructor(method name
automatically),no importing,exporting parameters
329.Interfaces-Similar to classes,contains methods with out impl,where as class with
impl,polymorphism,1 interface,3 classes,methods are linked and copied to classes
330.Polymorphism-Method names will be similar in all classes but implementation is
different.
331.Ex on interfaces-ZIF_xxxxx
332.using Aliases-Alternative Name for interface method names or components
(ALIAS TAB visibility)
333.Inheritence- Symbol,To create a child class from parent class,methods copy to
child class
334.SUPER-Keyword to access super class methods syn:- Super->
<par.class.method> ex: super -> pm1 super -> pm2
335.REDEFINE-keyword,to redefine the parent class methods with extra abap
code,also called as method overriding,no method overloading in OOABAP,Single
Inheritance(OK),Multiple Inheritance(NO)
336.FINAL-keyword,Check box(no inheritance),to indicate weather we can create a
inheritance for a parent class or not.
337.Abstract Class-we cant create object to abstract class,to create
inheritance,methods with/with out implementation,abstract method-without
implementing code.
338.Steps for abstract class,ex.code
339.FRIENDS-concept by which child class can access even private variables of
parent class.by default it can access public & protected variables,firends tab,ex
340.lcl classes-A class in se38 to create lcl class 2 steps 1.Class Defintion 2.Class
Impl Syn: Class <ClassName> Defintion...Endclass,Class <ClassName>...Endclass
341.Using static & Intance Components in local class(check).
Attributes:DATA,CLASS-DATA methods:methods,class-
methodsEvents:events,class-events,constructor-constrcutor,class-constructor
342.Using public,private,protected sections class public section data class data
endclass
343.Using events in local classes 1.Define an event events:No_kunnr 2.Define a
method : event_handler_methods 3.link event and method and convert to event
handler method Syn: methods: <method name> for event <event name> of <class
name>
344.Using inheritance in local class 1.Create super & child class Syn:class
<classname> defintion inherting from <superclass>...endclass ex.
345.Redefining a method: Syn:- methods <method name> REDEFINTION. ex,
345.DEFINTION DEFFERED: Keyword,to tell sytem/program that defintion of class is
postponed/available somewhere in the program.
346.ABAP Object patterns RaDButns CallMethod->Create Object->RaiseEvent-
>RaiseException Syntax: Class ClassName Defintion deffered.
347.Object Oriented ALV's Displayed in 2 ways 1.ALV with function modules 2.ALV
with Classes
348.Advantages of ALV with Classes
1.N no of events in classes(more compared with function Modules) ex:drag & drop
left click,right click
2.OOALV Displayed on MPPScreen(with the help of custom container UI element)
3.Control size of Custom Container.i.e we can control ALV GRID Data
4.Display ALV Grid & UI Elements (Check boxes,Radio Buttons)
5.Can display more then one ALV Grid on single Screen.
349.Architecture of OOALV-UI Elements,Custom Container UI,ALV Grid,MPP Screen
350.Classes used for OOALV's
1.CL_GUI_ALV_GRID
2.CL_GUI_CUSTOM_CONTAINER
3.CL_DD_DOCUMENT(Logo,TopOfPage)
4.CL_GUI_ALV_TREE
5.CL_GUI_SPLITTER_CONTAINER 6.CL_GUI_CONTAINER
(to use part of container from split container) to divide/split custom container
method:set_table_for_first_display used to display ALV data.
351.List of OOALV's-
1.ALV with Structure
2.Field catlogue
3.Feild Catlogue Merge
4.Logo & Top of Page
5.Interactive ALV's
6.Interactive ALV with Grid on Same Screen
7.Splitter Container
8.Tree
352.Interactive ALV's
353.ENHANCEMENTS: Concept to add extra code to Standard SAP Software
without modifying Original Software.Each Enhancement point is called exit point.
354.Types of Enhancements:
1.User Exit 2.Customer Exit 3.BADI's (OOABAP) 4.Enchancement's SPOT
1.Subroutines only in SD Module
2.FM/include programs in all modules
3.Interfaces/Classes in ALL Modules
4.Directly we can enhance in all Modules.
1.USER Exit's-empty sub routine's to write Customer code to enhance application
technically called as MODIFICATIONS(need SAP Access Key),only SD Module,Start
with userexit_**** ex: perform userexit_**** ,form userexit_*** endform.,empty
subroutine write your own code.
2.CUSTOMER EXIT-zinclude programs,available inside funtion module technically
called as enhancements available in all modules.
4 types 1.fn Mod exit 2.menu exit 3.screen exit 4.field exit(obslete now)
1.To enhence custom coding of Standard SAP Application.It will have a predefined
Signature.(i.e importing/exporting parameters)->based on this write custom
code.each fn module will have zinclude.
2.To add custom menus to standard tool bar or menu bar identitified by '+'
.Dbl.Click on+ and create Custom menu
menu exit to add custom menu fn.md.exit to add abap logic for corresponding menu
exit.
3.Screen Exit-to add custom SAP Screen to Standard SAP Screen,of type sub
screen,each sub screen identified by screen number,each screen exit fn module
exit.
4.Field exit-to change the standard field labels of i/p fields on SAP Screen Note:
Each C.exit of Function Module Exit starts with EXIT_XXX_001.Project is a group of
enhancements.each enhancement is an exit point. cmod-to create a project smod-
searching the enhancements(exits)
355.Searching for enhancements (or) exits : 3 Ways 1.using call customer function
2. usind smod tcode 3.using se84 tcode
356.Using SMOD Transaction.
357.using se84 - se84- expand enhancements folder->customer exits folder->dbl
click on Enhancements->Give package name->execute->list of enhancements
displayed
358.using Call customer function-SE93->tcode name (XD01)->click display->dbl
click on program name->find button(binoculus)->pop up display->Give string as call
customer->Select Radio button in Main Program->enter->Dbl Click on Main Program
name & Continue untill all customer's are displayed ex:-
359.Finding enhancements for a exit-Modsap is a table which give enhancements
name for a exit. Steps:se11->modsap->display->table contents->give member as
exit name ex:-exit_sapmf02d_001->execute->enhancement name will be displayed.
360.finding the exact or correct exit.
1.After finding the list of enhancements & function modules put break point in all
function module exits
2.First create a project in CMOD transaction
3.put a brak point in the function module exit
4.execute the transaction->now we can find easily which is correct exit.
361.steps to find user exits->give tcode ex:-vaq3->click onsystem->status->pop-up
is displayed->double click on program name->find button->give the string as user
exit->select the radio button in main program & press enter->give the main program
name & press enter->continue the process untill you find the user exits ex:- perform
userexit_save_document_prepare,userexit_save_document
362.ex on userexit,ex on function exit using call transaction function ex: on customer
exit using SMOD,ex on menu exit,testing
363.field exit-changing label of standard field->cmod->project name as za_cust-
>goto->text----->keywords->xhange->a pop up is displayed->data element name as
'STCD1' ->enter->change short,medium,long,heading,short desc to to taxx number-
>save. testing->xk02->vendor name as -> select check boxes->address,control,py
trans,enter->next screen button->observe text label which is canged from tax
number to tax number
364.steps to find out the field name,table name, data element. se02->vendor
number as 1->select check boxes->enter->next screen button->press f on tax
number field-> apop up is displayed->tech.info button->displayes tab name,field
name,data element name
365.BADI's-se18-badi defintion,se19-badi impl- business addins,another way of
implementing enhancements to the standard program with out modifying original
code,uses oops,technically it is nothing but interface,each badi's contains methods
with out implementions called as badi defintions.need to write abap classes to
implement badi's
Advantages-1.Can create multiple implementations for a single badi/enhancement
exits-single implementation i.e single project for enhancement.interface name for
badi will be as below if_ex_cbadiname.calss name for a badi will be
zcl_ex_cimplemantaion name.
Types of Badi's- 4 1.Single implementation 2.Multiple implementation 3.Filter
Implementation 4.Custom Implmentation 1.Only one Implementation 2.Multiple
Implementations,by default all will be executed,cant control sequence of execution
3.which has a filter value,only those implementation's which satisy filter value are
executed .generally filer value data element eg:-land1,bukrs
366.properties of badi's 1.if multiple use check box is not selected it is a single
implementation badi 2.if filter dependent check box is selected it is afilter dependent
badi .we need to define the filter type such as land1 , bukrs, werks
367.finding badi's for tcode CL-Exit-handler->class,get_instance->method (to find
list of badi's for a transaction).Go to SE24->class name as CL-Exit-handler-
>display->double click on method->create instance->put break point on below line
or method (see page 60)
368.second method using se84 1.find package name for a tcode->se84->expand
enhancement folders->Add-in Floders->double click defintions->give pkg name-
>execute ex:give package name va1
369.ex on badi
370.cross applications
371.RFC remote function class-Special type of function modules,communicates with
remote servers(SAP to SAP/NON-SAP),select radio button remote enabled fun
module,extra coding generated,fig
372.RFC Destinations-Created by basis,SM59,comminucate or links between
remote servers,fig:-server1->link->server2 syn:Call function <RFC Fn MD Name>(by
abaper) destination <RFC Destination Name>(by basis) EXP---- IMP---
373.Steps to create RFC Destination-SM59-ABAp conn.s Folder->create->Name as
z800 to 810->description->host name (name as gcecc62),Target host:app server-
>log on & security tab->specify details:language:en client:110(remote server client)
user :sapuser paswordstatus:india123->click on remote login button to test
connection->connected->back
374.Steps to create RFC Function Module->SE37->function module
name(ZGET_MAT_DATA)->Create->Import Parameters(im_matnr) (pass by value)-
>export parameters->ex_mara->code code:select single * from mara into
corresponding fields of table ex_mara where matnr=im_matnr->attribute tab -
>remote enable radio button
375.using RFC function Module In a Program
376.BAPI-tcode BAPI,BOR-(Business Object Repository)-Repository of business
objects BO-an obj,which is similar to class group od attributes:
methods,events,interfaces,key fields etc SWO1 (tcode) ex:BUS1001-Materials
2)BUS2012->PurchaseOrder
1.Methods:BAPI_material_getdetail,BAPI_material_getlist 2.methods:
BAPI_po_getdetails,BAPI_po_getitems
377.BAPI-Remote enabled function module to communicate between SAP to
SAP/NON-SAP servers,uses RFC technolozy,RFC Fun Module inserted in to
business object converted to BAPI
378.Difference between RFC & BAPI-both to communicate between SAP to NON-
SAP,Stand Alone FM's,communicate with other BAPI'S,events interface
379.Uses of BAPIs 3 1.Report Generation 2.Communicating b/w SAP to SAP/NON
SAP 3.to upload data
380.Rules of BAPI-
1.Starts with BAPI or ZBAPI
2.All import/export parameters of type structures (Starts with BAPI/ZBAPI)
3.All Parameters should be pass by value
4.Every bapi should have a returning parameter (return like BAPIRET2)
5.If Bapi success-to save data in data base table use another bapi
BAPI_TRANSACTION_COMMIT else BAPI_TRANSACTION_ROLLBACK
381.ex on Bapi's ex:2 ex:3
382.ALE IDOC's ALE-Application Link Enabling,netwrok,to create connection
between servers at deifferent geographical locations
383.IDOC-data transfer,intermediate document
384.types of data transfer 2 1.out bound data transfer (sap to another) 2.inbound
data transfer (another to sap)
385.SAP to SAP communication:fig ALE,IDOCs
386.SAP to NON-SAP communication:fig EDI,IDOCS,TIBCO,SAPXI,XML,fig,middle
ware tools
387.IDOC-Internediate Document,Conatiner of data ,similar to post box.technically
IDOC's->group of segments(similar to structures)->group of fields,start with
standard(E1),custom(z1).we30-idoc types, we31- segment defintion.Idoc IDOC
Types-(DEBMAS05(E1KNA1,E1KNB1,E1KNBK Fields)-Customer Data,CREMAS05-
Vendor Data,MATMAS05-Material Data)
388.Runtime Components of Idoc-When ever we transmit the IDOC from one server
to Another Server Automatically components will be added at runtime
389.Runtime Components of IDOC- 1.Control Record Info 2.Data Record Info
3.Status Record info 1.who is reciever/sender,1 record,EDIDC 2.Actual business
data,n records,EDIDD 3.Stauts info,success,error,warnings,n records,EDIDS.
390.Message Type-to identify the type of application for which idoc is used. ex:-
ALREQ01->IDOC type for feteching material,cutomer,vendor data to identify the
application for the above IDOC we use message types. ex: 1.MATMAS ->Message
Types(matmas01,matmas02..,matmas05-all idoc types,05 is latest one) 2.cremas
3.debmas. First create IDOC with segments->create message type->then link to
IDOC types
391.Steps to create a segment- WE31->segment typesegment name as z1kna1-
>create->desc->field name & data element->save->back->edit (set release).once
you relaease the segment only it can be used in the IDOC's
392.Create ZKNBK Steps to create IDOC->WE30->IDOC Name ZDEBMAS05-
>Create->desc->enter->put cursor on IDO name->Create or ADD segment->A pop-
up is displayed->Give Details as Below->Segment Type Z1KNA1 Mandatory
Segment Minimum No Maximum No ->enter->put cursor onz1kna1 segment & Click
on create Button to add segment as Child->provide details as below->Parent
Segment->Segment Type->Z1knbk min no 1 max no 9999 ->save->back->edit-
>release->Now IDOC is used to transfer data
393.Filtering IDOC BD64 Segment-BD56
394.Custom IDOC's - 1.extended IDOC->Organisational IDOC(WE30) + Extra
Segment(WE31) 2.reduced IDOC 1.Orgiginal IDOC (BD53)-Unwanted Segements
Posted 13th April 2012 by Bhamidipati

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