1

LTE AdvancedEvolving
and expanding in to new
frontiers
August 2014
2
LTE Advanced: Evolving & expanding into new frontiers
1
Enables hyper-dense HetNets;
Further gains with enhanced
receivers
2
Brings carrier aggregation and
its evolution led by Qualcomm
Technologies

3
Expands LTE in to new frontiers
device-to-device, Broadcast
TV, higher bands & more
4
Extends benefits of LTE to
unlicensed spectrum
1000x mobile data challenge enabler
3
LTE Advanced brings different dimensions of improvements
Leverage wider bandwidth

Carrier aggregation across multiple carriers,
multiple bands, and across licensed and
unlicensed spectrum
Higher
data rates
(bps)
Leverage more antennas

Downlink MIMO up to 8x8, enhanced Multi User
MIMO and uplink MIMO up to 4x4
Higher spectral
efficiency
(bps/Hz)
MIMO
Leverage HetNets

With advanced interference
management (FeICIC/IC)

Higher spectral
efficiency per
coverage area
(bps/Hz/km
2
)
Small Cell Range Expansion
F1
Up to
100 MHz
Carrier
aggregation
LTE Carrier #1
LTE Carrier #2
LTE Carrier #3
LTE Carrier #4
LTE Carrier #5
4
Carrier Aggregation rapidly
expanding and evolvingled
by Qualcomm
Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies Inc.

5
Carrier Aggregationfatter pipe to enhance user experience
1
The typical bursty nature of usage, such as web browsing, means that aggregated carriers can support more users at the same response (user experience) compared to two individual carriers, given that the for carriers are partially loaded which is typical
in real networks. The gain depends on the load and can exceed 100% for fewer users (less loaded carrier) but less for many users. For completely loaded carrier, there is limited capacity gain between individal carriers and aggregated carriers,
Higher peak data rates
Higher user data rates and
lower latencies for all users
More capacity for typical
bursty usage
1

Leverages all
spectrum assets
Up to
100 MHz
Aggregated
Data Pipe
LTE Carrier #1
LTE Carrier #2
LTE Carrier #3
LTE Carrier #4
LTE Carrier #5
Up to 20 MHz
Up to 20 MHz
Up to 20 MHz
Up to 20 MHz
Up to 20 MHz
6
Load
(Mbps)
U
s
e
r

e
x
p
e
r
i
e
n
c
e

Carrier aggregation increases capacity for typical network load
1
Carrier aggregation doubles burst rate for all users in the cell, which reduces over-the-air latency ~50%, but if the user experience is kept the same (same burst rate), multicarrier can instead support more users for partially loaded carriers. The gain depends on the load and can exceed 100% for fewer users
(less loaded carrier) but less for many users (starting to resemble full buffer with limited gain). Source: Qualcomm simulations, 3GPP simulation framework, FTP traffic model with 1MB file size, 57 macro cells wrap-around, 500m ISD (D1), 2x2 MIMO, TU3, NLOS, 15 degree downtilt 2GHz spectrum.,
Carrier aggregation capacity gain
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 3 6 9 12 15
2 10MHz Single Carriers
10MHz + 10MHz Carrier Aggregation
Partially
loaded
carriers

Burst Rate
(normalized)
6 12 18 24 30
Capacity gain can exceed 2x
(for same user experience)
1

Typical bursty
smartphone applications
Data bursts
Idle time
You
Tube
Skype
Pandora
7
Carrier aggregation gaining momentum Led by Qualcomm
Technologies, Inc.
9x25
LTE Advanced
(Cat4)
8974
LTE Advanced
Worlds 1
st
LTE Advanced
carrier aggregation
(Launched Jun 2013)
150 Mbps peak data rate (cat 4)
10 + 10 MHz in downlink
QTIs 3
rd
generation Qualcomm Gobi LTE modem
HSPA+ 3 carriers DL & 2 carrier UL aggregation
LTE Advanced Cat 6
(300 Mbps)
(Announced Nov 2013)
300 Mbps peak data rate (cat 6)
20 + 20 MHz in downlink
QTIs 4
th
generation Qualcomm Gobi LTE modem
HSPA+ 3 carriers DL & 2 carrier UL aggregation

Qualcomm Snapdragon and Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

9x35
LTE Advanced
(Cat6)
8
Taking carrier aggregation global - 4
Th
Gen Gobi LTE
New Gobi modem paired with new RF solution
Supports next gen LTE Advanced wideband CA
4th generation LTE transceiver
1
st
28nm RF
~3x* more CA band combinations
One chip, all carrier
aggregation combinations
40 MHz Support in downlink (20 MHz+ 20MHz)
300 Mbps Peak data rate (LTE Cat6)
FDD/TDD Support
1
st
20nm modem
HSPA+ 3 carrier downlink & 2 carrier uplink aggregation
Common platform for LTE Advanced & HSPA+ carrier
aggregation
4
th
Generation LTE modem
Note: *Compared to previous generation QCT solutions; Qualcomm Gobi is a product of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. ; Qualcomm WTR 3925 is a product of Qualcomm Atheros, Inc.
9
Global demand for LTE Carrier Aggregation
QTI chipsets designed to support all CA band combinations currently in deployment or in planning

~50 band combinations being defined by 3GPP
B4 + B17
B4 + B13
B4 + B12
B5 + B12
B2 + B17
B4 + B5
B5 + B17
B4 + B7
B2 + B5
B2 + B29
B4 + B29
B2 + B4
B2 + B13
B23 + B29
B2 + B12
Contiguous B41
Non Contiguous 41
Non Contiguous B4
Non Contiguous B25
B3 + B7
B3 + B20
B7 + B20
B8 + B20
B39 + B41
B1 + B7
Contiguous B38
Contiguous B7
Contiguous B3
Contiguous 40
Non Contiguous 41
Contiguous B39
B11 + B18
B3 + B28
B1 + B8
B1 + B18
B1 + B19
B1 + B21
B1 + B26
B3 + B19
B19 + B21
Contiguous B1
B3 + B8
B1 + B5
B3 + B5
B3 + B26
B8 + B26
Non Contiguous B3
Contiguous B41
Non Contiguous B7
B3 + B8
B3 + B28
RFFE
+
Modem
Requirements:
700-2700 MHz
Inter-Band CA
Intra-Band CA
Wider Bandwidth
TDD CA
FDD CA
Japan
South Korea
Australia
China
Europe
South America
North America
Source: 3GPP, the combinations in blue are completed as of September 2013, remaining represent work items in progress; 3GPP continually defines band combinations
10
Advanced multiple antenna
techniques for more capacity
11
More antennaslarge gain from receive diversity
Diversity,
MIMO
4 Way
Receive
Diversity
(+ 2 x 2 MIMO)
Note: LTE Advanced R10 and beyond adds up to 8x8 Downlink MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), enhanced Multi User MIMO and uplink MIMO up to 4x4. Simulations: 3GPP framework, 21 macro cells wrap-around, 500m ISD (D1), 10MHz FDD,
carrier freq 2GHz, 25 UEs per cell, TU 3km/h, full-buffer traffic, no imbalance or correlation among antennas. 2x4 MIMO used for receive diversity gain of 1.7x compared to 2x2 MIMO, similarly 2x3 diversity provides a 1.3x gain over 2x2 MIMO
MAINSTREAM
COMMERCIAL
LARGE GAIN,
NO STANDARDS OR
NETWORK IMPACT
Device
1.7x
1x
2 x 2 MIMO
Relative spectral efficiency
NodeB
1.8x 4x4 MIMO
Downlink
12
Coordinated beamforming

Leverage fiber backhaul installations
Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) for more capacity and better user experience
Remote Radio
Head (RRH)
Macro
Remote Radio
Head (RRH)
Note: CoMP enabled by TM10 transmission modes in the device and network. Picture focuses on downlink CoMP techniques, CoMP can also apply to the uplink
Central
processing/scheduling
(requires low latency fiber)
Same or different cell identity across macro and RRH
Coordinated scheduling
13
Its not just about adding small cells LTE Advanced brings
even more capacity and enables hyper-dense HetNets
1

Higher capacity, network load balancing,
enhanced user experience, user fairness
1
By applying advanced interference management to HetNets.
2
Median downlink data rate. Assumptions: 4 Picos added per macro and 33% of users dropped in clusters closer to picos (hotspots) : 10 MHz FDD, 2x2 MIMO, 25 users and 500m ISD. Advanced interference management: enhanced time-
domain adaptive resource partitioning, advanced receiver devices with enhanced RRM and RLM1Similar gain for the uplink
Macro+
4 Picos
Macro
Only
Data rate improvement
2

2.8X
Macro+
4 Picos
1.4X
1X
L
T
E

R
8

L
T
E

R
8

L
T
E

A
d
v
a
n
c
e
d


w
i
t
h

R
a
n
g
e

E
x
p
a
n
s
i
o
n

Small Cell Range Expansion
(FeICIC/IC)
14
Capacity scales with small cells deployed - thanks to advanced
interference management (FeICIC/IC)
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
SMALL CELL
Capacity scales with small cells added
1

LTE Advanced with 2x Spectrum added
+4 Small
Cells
~6X
+16 Small
Cells
~21X
+32 Small
Cells
~37X
~11X
+8 Small
Cells
1
Assumptions: Pico type of small cell, 10MHz@2GHz + 10MHz@3.6GHz,D1 scenario macro 500m ISD, uniform user distribution scenario. Gain is median throughput improvement, from baseline with macro only on 10MHz@2GH, part of gain is addition of 10MHz
spectrum. Users uniformly distributeda hotspot scenario could provide higher gains. Macro and outdoor small cells sharing spectrum (co-channel)
15
LTE Advanced - Evolving and expanding into new frontiers
Further
improving LTE
Advanced
New
Frontiers
Further
Enhanced HetNets
LTE Advanced in
unlicensed spectrum
LTE Broadcast
going beyond mobile
LTE Direct for
device to device
~3.5 GHz
/ ASA
Higher bands & new
licensing models
(Authorized Shared Access)
Evolving carrier
aggregation
Enhanced
Receivers
for superior
performance
700MHz
to 3.8GHz
More advanced antenna
features and 256 QAM

Higher capacity for
Machine-to-machine and
Smartphone signaling
Aggregated
Data Pipe
Device
Interference cancellation
Rel. 12 & beyond
16
Carrier aggregation evolution,
Enhanced Hetnets
17
FDD/TDD Aggregation
(Supported in Rel. 12)

Paired Unpaired
Across licensed/ unlicensed
(Specific band combinations to be defined)


Traditional
Licensed
ASA/LSA
Licensed
Unlicensed
(LTE)
Anchor
Across cells (Multiflow)

(Supported in Rel. 12)

3GPP continually defines
band combinations
LTE Advanced carrier aggregation continues to evolve
Leveraging all spectrum assets
Aggregated
Data Pipe
18
MultiFlow Dual-cell connectivity across small cells and across
macros and small cells
Macro
Macro Anchor Small cell Booster
Improved offload
to small cells
Higher cell-edge
data rates
Robust
mobility
19
Further enhancing HetNets performance
RESIDENTIAL
ENTERPRISE
METRO
4G Relays
& Wireless
Backhaul
1
Such as relay and Pico/Metro/RRH small cells for hotspots. RRH= Remote Radio Heads, in addition Distributed Antenna Systems are used in HetNets
Enhanced device
receiver
Data channel interference
cancellation for even more gain
MultiflowImprove
offload to small cells
Dual-cell connectivity
across cells
LTE in unlicensed
spectrum
Better utilize 5GHz spectrum with
unified LTE network & small cells
LTE/Wi-Fi tight
interworking
Converged small cells
with LTE & Wi-Fi
User deployed 3G/4G
Typically indoor small cells
Operator deployed 3G/4G
Indoor/outdoor small cells
1

20
Enhanced receivers for superior
LTE Advanced performance
21
Higher users data rate increases
overall network capacity
Enhanced receivers offer better user experience & more capacity
Interference
Cancellation
Rel. 10/11 Re. 12
Sync ref. signal
Common ref. signal
Primary broadcast
channel
Data channel
Even more beneficial in managing
interference in small cell deployments

Higher network capacity Better user experience
Higher data rates especially at
cell-edges
Enhanced performance
for HetNets
Interference Cancellation
22
Enhanced receivers further improve HetNet performance
Live demonstration at MWC 2014, utilizing our LTE Advanced test network in San Diego
Higher network capacity
Increased cell-edge data rates
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t

Rel. 10/11
Receiver
Enhanced
Receiver
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t

140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Rel. 10/11
Receiver
Enhanced
Receiver
Macro 1
Pico 2
Pico 3
Pico 4
Pico 5
23
Extending the benefits of LTE
Advanced to unlicensed spectrum
24
Carrier
aggregation
Extending the benefits of LTE Advanced to unlicensed spectrum
Features to protect Wi-Fi neighbors
Longer range and increased capacity Thanks to LTE Advanced anchor in
licensed spectrum with robust mobility
Common LTE network with common
authentication, security and management.
Coexists with Wi-Fi
Unified LTE Network
Better network performance Enhanced user experience
Ideal for
small cells
LTE in
Licensed
spectrum
LTE in
Unlicensed
spectrum
5 GHz
700MHz to 3.8GHz
25
Leverages existing LTE standards, ecosystem and scale
LTE transmitted according to unlicensed spectrum regulations, such as power levels
LTE in unlicensed
spectrum everywhere
LTE Advanced 3GPP R10
Targets 5 GHz unlicensed bands
Wi-Fi

and LTE co-existence features
2

Extend deployment to regions with
Listen Before Talk (LBT) regulations
Optimized waveform enabling LBT, carrier
discovery and expanded uplink coverage
Candidate for 3GPP R13 standard
2 3
LTE in unlicensed spectrum
for USA, Korea and China
1
Large scale, global
LTE deployments
268+ network launches
in 100+ countries
1
LTE Advanced 3GPP R10
launched June 2013
1
Per GSA as of as of Feb 5
th
2014.
2
With Carrier Sensing and Adaptive Transmission (CSAT) in the time domain.
R10
Common core network
with common mobility, security,
authentication and more.
Unified network for licensed and unlicensed spectrum
Ideal for
small cells
Converged 3G/4G small cells with
LTE for licensed and unlicensed
spectrum as well as Wi-Fi
26
Making LTE broadcast dynamic
and extending to terrestrial TV
27
LTE broadcast is commercial Powered by Qualcomm
Snapdragon processors
1
st

Worlds 1st LTE
Broadcast solution
-
Gobi LTE Modem
integrated into
Snapdragon 800
800
LTE Advanced
Qualcomm Snapdragon and Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. Source: http://www.totaltele.com/view.aspx?ID=485128
KT Corp launches worlds first commercial LTE
Broadcast service
By Nick Wood, Total Telecom
Monday 27, January 2014

South Korean operator to use eMBMS technology to deliver mobile
TV service to Samsung Galaxy Note 3 smartphones.

KT Corp on Monday launched the worlds first commercial LTE Broadcast service,
delivering mobile TV content to Samsung Galaxy Note 3 users.

Called Olleh LTE Play, the service is based on eMBMs (evolved multimedia broadcast
multicast services) solutions developed in
28
Network capacity/throughput
1.7X
3X
7X
Unicast
LTE Broadcast
1 user/ cell 2 users/cell 5 users /cell
X X X
LTE broadcast Higher capacity even with fewer users
Leveraging LTE infrastructure and spectrum
Source: Qualcomm Research; Simulation assumptions - 2GHz carrier frequency, 5MHz spectrum, 500m site-to-site distance, cluster eMBMS with 19 sites MBSFN deployment (100% of carrier usage), comparison with unicast (based on average throughput) is based
on the same amount of resource allocation.
.
29
Dynamic switching to broadcast offers even more flexibility
Dynamically switch between unicast and broadcast
(based on operator configured triggers)
Users accessing
same content
on unicast
Users moved to
broadcast
Event or demand driven
Pre-scheduled (e.g. at stadium only
during games)
Based on demand (e.g. breaking news)

Seamless transition
Make-beforebreak connection
Fully transparent to user

Part of Rel. 12
1


1
This feature is called Mood (Multicast operation on Demand) in Rel 12
30
Terrestrial TV service using LTE Broadcast
Enabling broadcasters to reach mobile devices
- Using LTE sites/infrastructure
LTE Broadcast Single Frequency Network
(SFN) for the whole coverage area
Broadcast TV
LTE
(Unicast)
LTE Broadcast on a dedicated
spectrum
Devices in
Stand-alone or Assisted mode
Stand-alone
Mode
Assisted
Mode
Enhanced user experience
in the Assisted Mode

(e.g. On-demand content,
interactivity )
~2x Higher capacity than todays broadcast (DVB-T/ATSC)
- Opportunity to free-up spectrum for mobile broadband
Current broadcast technology operates in Multi Frequency Network (MFN) mode with a frequency reuse of at least 4 with a spectrum efficiency of up to 4 bps/Hz inside each cell. This corresponds to an overall spectrum efficiency of approx. 1bps/Hz. Whereas LTE-B
operates in SFN over the entire coverage area with a spectrum efficiency of up to 2bps/Hz.

31
LTE Direct Operator-owned global
platform for continuous proximity
awareness
32
Designed for autonomous Always-ON discovery
Licensed spectrum utilized for continuous proximity awareness
Privacy sensitive
Device based, connectionless discovery
without location tracking

Discover 1000s of services in
milliseconds
LTE LTE
DISCOVERY
20s
64ms
Source: Qualcomm simulations; Assumes 10MHz system
Up to 500m range
Negligible LTE capacity impact
<1% of uplink resources for thousands of services
33
Operator platform that enables new mobile services
Mobile Proximity and Discovery services at scale
Operator owned LTE Direct platform
Managed, owned, monetized by mobile operator
Common discovery network
Enables discovery horizontally across apps, OS, operators
Part of 3GPP Release 12 standard
Expected to be in every Rel 12 device
34
Utilizing higher bands & new licensing
models (Authorized Shared Access)
35
ASA leverages underutilized spectrum for exclusive use
1
No device impact due to ASA, just a regular 3G/4G device supporting global harmonized bands targeted for ASA. Carrier aggregation would be beneficial to aggregate new ASA spectrum with existing spectrum, but is not required.
Incumbent
user
Regular
Multi-band
Device
1

3G/4G Small Cells
Incumbents (i.e., government) may not
use spectrum at all times and locations
Exclusive Use
Binary use either incumbent or
rights holder with protection zones
Protects spectrum incumbents
Small cells can be closer to incumbent
than macros
Used in both macros and small cells
Allows incumbents to monetize
unused spectrum
Incentive-based cooperation model
3G/4G Macro Base
Station
36
Defined by CEPT
in report published in Feb 14
2

for harmonizing 2.3 GHz
3




Proposed by FCC
To make 3.5GHz
4
band
dedicated to licensed shared
access for mobile broadband

Endorsed
by 28 EU member
states Nov 13



Evaluation by NTIA
Endorsed by 28 EU
member states Nov 13

Specified by ETSI
Currently working on
requirements
Demonstrated
by many infra/device
vendors; 2.3 GHz and
3.5 GHz demos at MWC
Feb 14
Trialed
Live in Finland in
Sep13
ASA/LSA
1
Implementation underway in Europe and USA
STANDARDS
PROOF OF
CONCEPT
OPERATOR
INTEREST
REGULATORY
POLICY
1
ASA has been named LSA (Licensed Shared Access) in the EU by the Radio Spectrum Policy Group;
2
3ECC Report 205;
3
3Draft ECC decision on harmonized technical and regulatory conditions for the use of the band 2300-2400
MHz for MFCN; 3GPP Band 40, 2.3-2.4 GHz;
4
Target 3.5 GHz in the US is 3550-3650 MHz
37
More Small Cells is Key to 1000x
LTE Advanced - 1000x data challenge enabler
Hetnets with FeICIC/IC
Full interference management
New deployment models, e.g.
neighborhood small cells
Carrier Aggregation (TDD and FDD)
Authorized Shared Access (ASA)
Higher spectrum bands (esp. TDD)
Continue to evolve LTE:
-- Multiflow, Hetnets enhancements
-- Opportunistic HetNets
LTE in unlicensed spectrum
LTE Broadcast and LTE Direct
38
Qualcomm Technologies LTE advanced leadership
MDM 9x35
LTE Advanced
800
LTE Advanced
Standards Leadership
A main contributor to key
LTE Advanced features
Instrumental in driving interference
cancellation and other Hetnets features
Pioneering work on LTE Direct and LTE
in unlicensed spectrum
Industry-first Demos
MWC 2012: Live Over-The-Air HetNet
Demo with Mobility
MWC 2013: Live OTA opportunistic
HetNet Demo with VoIP Mobility.
Authorized Shared Access (ASA) demo
MWC 2014: Enhanced HetNets with data-
channel interference cancellation
Industry-first Chipsets from QTI
Worlds 1
st
LTE Advanced solution (Jun 13)
First with LTE Broadcast (Jan 14)
LTE Advanced cat 6 (300 Mbps) solution
announced in Nov. 13
300Mpbs (Cat 6)
solution
Qualcomm Snapdragon and Qualcomm Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
Worlds 1
st
LTE
Advanced solution
New graphics/screen captures from latest demo
39
LTE Advanced: Evolving & expanding into new frontiers
1
Enables hyper-dense HetNets;
Further gains with enhanced
receivers
2
Brings carrier aggregation and
its evolution led by Qualcomm
Technologies

3
Expands LTE in to new frontiers
device-to-device, Broadcast
TV, higher bands & more
4
Extends benefits of LTE to
unlicensed spectrum
1000x mobile data challenge enabler
40
@Qualcomm_tech
http://www.qualcomm.com/blog/contributors/prakash-sangam
http://www.slideshare.net/qualcommwirelessevolution
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41
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www.qualcomm.com & www.qualcomm.com/blog
2013-2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved.

Qualcomm, Snapdragon and Gobi are trademarks of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries. All trademarks of Qualcomm
Incorporated are used with permission. Other products and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their re spective owners.

References in this presentation to Qualcomm may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsi diaries or business units
within the Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable.

Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomms licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of its patent portfolio. Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., a wholly-
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