A Hi story of Ancient Sanskr it literature - Coogl e Libros
Ancient Indian Educat ion: Brah. .. X A History of Ancient Sanskrit li... X / A History of Ancient Sanskri t li... X 8B j Q hnps://play.google.com{bookstreader?id=cHCe48QSZaUC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=O&hl=es&pg=GBS.PA503 C:J LinguisticSurvey... C:J lndianEtchings ( .. ModernYogaRes. .. ttl SAHerit age Si tes HuntingtonEduc. .. t&!. lndo-Eurasian_r ... Salir A Hi story of Ancient Sanskrit Lit erat ure - Friedrich Max Muller TBE INTRODUCTION OF WRITmG. 503 . How then was the Veda learnt? It was learnt by every Brahman during twelve years of his student- ship or Brahmacharyft.. This, according to Gautama, was the shortest period, sanctioned only for men who wanted to marry, and to become Grihasthas. Brahmans who did not wish to marry were allowed t.o spend forty-eight years as students. The PrA.- tiSAkhyO. gives us a glimpse into the lecture-rooms of the Brahmanic colleges. "The Guru," it is said 1 , "who has himself formerly been a student, should make his pupils read. He himself takes his seat either to the east, or the north, or the north-east. If he has no more than one or two pupils, they at his right hand. If he has more, they place themselves accord ing as there is room. They then embrace their master, and say, ' Sir, read I' The master gravely says 'Om,' i.e. 'Yes.' He then begins to say a prnlma (a question}, which consists of three verses. 2 In order that no word may escape the attention of his pupils, he pronounces all with the high accent 3 , 1 PrAtibAkhyn du Rig-vcdn, par A. R<!gnicr, Journal Asiatique, 1856. Cbapitrc XV. t If the metre is pankti, the pra.Bua may consist of two or threo verses ; if tbe metre is longer than pankti, two verses only consti tuta " nriiBna: If a hvmn consists of one verse. tbnt hv itself form 4 , 0 * "'.S' IE') (100%) Mon 5:02 PM 0. 4:57PM fl C! I Max Muller Sanskri t Li t erature lithroe e GramophoneRec ... 1:1 Bookmarks 503 /612 File Edit View His Bookmarks Tools Window A Hi story of Ancient Sanskr it literature - Coogl e Libros Ancient Indian Educat ion: Brah. .. X / A History of Ancient Sanskrit li. .. X A History of Ancient Sanskrit li... x 8B I a htlps://play.google.com{bookstreader?id=cHCe48QSZaUC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=O&hl=es&pg=GBS.PA503 C:J LinguisticSurvey... r::J lndianEtchings ModernYogaRes. .. m SAHeritage Sites HuntingtonEduc ... lndo-Eurasian_r ... Salir A Hi story of Ancient Sanskrit Literature - Friedrich Max Muller ...... '-' - .. - ......... - ... &\,; ............ '-'6'-'.;J'o .A.U'-' '\,AU .. \A' .t.U .&.*.3 QC...&U' UUV has himself formerly been a student, should make his pupils read. He himself takes his seat either to the east, or the north, or the north-east. If he has no more than one or two pupils, they at his right hand. If he has more, they place themselves accord ing as there is room. They then embrace their master, and say, ' Sir, read I' The master gravely says 'Om,' i.e. 'Yes.' He then begins to say a prulmu. (o. question}, which consists of three verses. 2 In order that no word may escape the attention of his pupils, he pronounces all with the high accent 3 , 1 PrAtibAkhyn du Rig-vcdn, par A. R<!gnicr, Journal Asiatique, 1856. Cbapitre XV. t If the metre is pankti, the pra.Bua may consist of two or threo verses; if the metre is longer than pankti, two verses only consti tote a pra.Sna; If a hymn consists of one verse, that by itself forms a pra.Bna. Samayas, ;. e. passages which.}lnve occurred before are sometimes left out in the .MSS.), are counted, if they coruist of a complete verse. Two Dvipadns are counted 88 one verse, and, as the Commentator adds (v. 12.), the two half-verses of each Dvi padil-line are to be joined in recitation, and only if there is one odd Dvipnda-line remaining, a pauae 1$ to be at the end of tbe first half-verse. If there are some verses remaining at the end cf a hymn, they mny be joined to the last pra.Sna; if there are more than two verses, this is optional. 3 Tho only words which, in the Sanhitil.piitbn, would be likely to esi:ape the pupil's attention are monosyllables consisting of &.&.4 4 , (100%) Mon 5:03 PM 4:57PM C! l Max Muller Sanskr t Li terature Lith roe GramophoneRec .. . [1 Bookmarks File Edit View His Bookmarks Tools Window A Hi story of Ancient Sanskr it Literature - Coogl e Libros Ancient Indian Educat ion: Brah. .. X / A History of Ancient Sanskrit li... X A History of Ancient Sanskri t li... x 8B I a hnps://play.google.com{bookstreader?id=cHCe48QSZaUC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&authuser=O&hl=es&pg=GBS.PA506 c:J LinguisticSurvey. . . r::J l ndianEtchings ModernYogaRes. .. m SAHerit age Si tes HuntingtonEduc ... lndo-Eurasian_r . . . Salir A Hi story of Ancient Sanskrit Literature - Friedrich Max Muller tutor, and is allowed to withdraw . . These rules speak for themselves. They show that at the t.ime when such rules were neccsstrry, and when young Brahmans bad to spend from twelve to forty- eight years of their life in doing nothing but learning and rehearsing the Veda 1, such a system must have bad an object worthy of such efforts. Such an object existed, if, in the absence of writing, the sacred songs, which were believed to be the.enly means to salvation were to be preserved and guarded against and cor- ruption. at the time of the Pr!l.tisakhyas, writing had been known, some mention of a book as a sacred object would surely have occurred somewhere. We know from the Grihya-siltras every event in the life of a Brahman, from his birth to his death. Not a word is ever said about his learning to write. . The earliest allusion to this system of oral teaching occurs in a hymn of the Rig-veda which must be as- cribed to the Mantra period. In the primitive poetry of the Chhandas period there is no men.tion either of writing or teaching. But in a satirical hymn of the V (vii. 103. 5 ), in which the frogs are com- pared with Brahmans teaching their pupils, it is said: "One frog repeats the words of another, like a pupil who repeats the words of his teacher." (See p. 49 5.) No similar allusion to writing is to be found even in the latest hvmns. the so-called Khilas. If writ- 4 , (100%) Mon 5:04 PM 0. 4:57PM C! l Max Muller Sanskr 1 Li t erature Lit h roe GramophoneRec .. . [1 Bookmarks File Edit View His Bookmarks Tools Window (100%) Mon 4:58 PM Ancient Indian Education: Brahmanical and Buddhist- Radhakumud Mookerj i - Google Libros BJ Ancient I ndian Education: Brah... X http://www.go ... 4svEZKqVlbJOw X 4:57 PM 8EJ J books.google.com/books?hl=es&lr=&id=mjFfqpq7HhkC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=wood+work+reference+ancient+india&ots=kivECj4Nu5&! <(? Coogle wood work reference ancient india - practicesyoga@gmall.com ... Libros Al\adl.r a ml blblloteea Escri.blr 1sel\a P8glns 197 ( ) 0 Resultado 4(J de 43 de seat eo este lb'o Anterior SJgulente to<lo Sorre.r bUsgueda [i] COHSEGUIR UBRO IMPRESO '.JI ........... ............. ...., --- .. . .. -.. v--:--... \,1 ........- ..., YJ,--------;--------- NingUn cBook dlsponiblc Motilal Banars!dass Publ. Amazon.com Barncs&Nob!c.com Books-A-Million Casa dot Ubro Indio Bound Buscar en una Todos tors vondcdO!cs 8..:..!.1 _0- ***** 1 Rcsct'la Escriblr t osot'la Ancient Indian Education: Brahmanical and Buddhist Esetlto por Ract'lak\lmud Mooi<etll seat ,, Accrca de este ltbt o oD oO 0 D 1Nuevot Compra libros en Google Pl ay lethargy and (6) Sleepiness (nidra). Description ol actual Teachi.ag in a Vedic School. Details of the methods of oral instruction pursued by the.o;e ancient teachers are furnished by a Pratillkhya of the Rigveda [cited by !\fax Miiller in his Hisll')) of Ancient Sa11sl<rit Literature (pp. 503-6)]. They show bow the teaching of the Vedic Texts was conducted i n the Lecture-rooms of these Brnhmanic colleges: "The Guru, who has himself fonnerly been a student, should make his pupils read. He himself takes his sent either to the east, or the north, or the north-east. II he has no more than one or two pupils, they sit at his right hand. If he has more, they place themselves according as there is room. They then embrace the feet of their master, and say, ' Sir, read I ' The master gravely says, ' Om,' i.e. ' Yes'. He then begins to say a Prana (Question) which consists of three verses. In order that no word may escape the attention of his pupils, he pronounces nil with the high accent and repeats certain words twice, or he says ' so' (iJi) after these words. "The c.bief difficulties in the pronunciation of the Veda are changes of the final and initial letters. The pupils are instructed in these euphonic rules independently (the SiksJul), but whenever a difficult case of sandhi occurs, the Guru examines his audience and explains the difficulties. And here the method followed is this. After the Guru bas pronounced a group of words, consis ting of three or sometimes (in long compounds) of more words, the first pupil repeats the first word, and when anything is to be explained, the teacher stops him, and says, ' Nirvachyetu.' 'explain it.' After it has been explained by the pupil who is at the head of the class, the permission to continue is given with the words, ' Well, Sir.' After the words of the teacher have thus been repeated by one, the next pupil has to apply to him with the p - - - - - - - - - - -