Answers for Management

Chapter 1: Management roles

point explanation example

Management is major part in business , in organization and also in our life.
It is because management control biggest part of resources in any
organization as well as control employees in organization. Management is
divided to 4 function: 1) planning 2) organizing 3) leading 4) controlling

Role of management .
Henry Minzberg suggested three area where manager has to work:
Interpersonal role
Information role
decision role
Interpersonal role is directly connected with people who works inside
organization as well as outside. There are three types of interpersonal role:
Figure of ahead- it likes general things about how to work in society,
ceremonial,awards and others.
Leader in this point taking about managers who have activities to
motivate employees to work better at the high level of quality. For
example , who how workers should work to be better than any
organization, to be better than everyone.
Liaison role - in liaison role is talked about differences , for example
between one organization and organization outside.
Information role receive information from different sources and
distribute as it required.
Monitoring it is collection of information (journal, magazines and
other ) to learn changes around
Disseminator holding meeting and making call
Spokeperson in spokenperson role manager makes presentation of
his unit or organization with outsiders(government, financer,
customers). It can be done by attending press conferences.









Chapter 2: decision making
The purpose of Decision making is reinforced your system which is
responsible for problem-solving. Not for example :
one guy stay in the middle of the road and cars around him and he doesnt
know what to do because he didnt have solution for this situation. Then, for
good future we should have solution before our problems come .
pros advantages
cons- disadvantages

Chapter 6: Motivation ( application,analyze,evaluate,theories)
reinforcement performance
Maslow's needs hierarchy
Alderfer's ERG theory (Compare and contrast)
designing motivating jobs
Motivation is the most important part in each organization, business and
also in our life. For example in organization if manager in the top level he
should know how to motivate employees to come to workplace on the time,
to do their work good. How do they do it? First of all, good manager must
keep positive in his organization for workers. Give awards on holidays to
show that every one in his organization is necessary for him also.
Reinforcement Performance
Law of effect A theory formulated by Edward Thorndike (1911)
stating that behaviour that is followed by positive consequences will
likely be repeated.
Positive reinforcement Applying valued consequences that a
person will repeat the behaviour that led to it.
Negative reinforcement Removing or withholding an undesirable
consequences
Maslows needs hierarchy- People try to satisfy a higher need when a
lower need is fulfilled (satisfaction-progression)
Alderfers ERG theory- Satisfaction-progression (as above); Alderfers concept
suggests a continuum of needs rather than a strict hierarchy, with no necessity
for lower level ones to be satisfied before higher level ones come into play
Designing Motivating Jobs
Extrinsic reinforcements
Reinforces given to a person i.e. salary increment, promotion, paid vacation
Intrinsic Reward
Reward a worker derives directly from performing the job itself i.e. job
satisfaction
Job rotation
People are moved form one task/ department to another to overcome boredom
Job Enlargement
People are given different / additional tasks to alleviate boredom
Job Enrichment
Changing the tasks to make it inherently more rewarding, motivating and
satisfying

Chapter 7 : Sources if leader power
3 types of leadership
theory
situational leadership
It is process to allow other for achieving organization goals. Source of leader
power. It includes show right position, ability to control valued awards,
ability to punish when result is not seen. Access to important information
and abiliity control it.
3 types
autocratic- leader give just little knowledge about achieving goal ,Explain
only step which must be done and dont allow feedback.

Democratic- to allow workers choose method which they will use. Workers
can use feedback for helpful
Laissez-faire- Leades give freedom to his group, give necessary
information which can help them and also can help if someone has
questions.

Situational Leadership Theory
Leaders should change their factors and methods if someone have started
follow him.
Leader must be good speaker, have answers for most of the questions, how
it is worked , what is it .


Chapter 9: manifestation of organizational culture
Culture it is human in society, it is invisible.
Organizational culture- it is culture also but in organization. How people
from different culture find same way to do their work because sometime
this point prevent to do work good.


Chapter 10
Process communication (diagram )
principal one way
Types of Communication
Verbal communication
Written communication
Oral communication
Non verbal communication
Body language, Facial expression, eye movements
posture
Proximity and space
Tone of voice, voice quality, laughing, yawn
Clothing, cosmetics, furniture and architecture

Chapter 11
Diversity concern
gender issues
sexual harassment definition
managing sexual harassment.

Diversity is defined as a difference or variety.
Different age in organization, sex in the workplace, ethnicity ,
physical ability, primary language

Sexual harassment is any unwelcome sexual advances, requests
for sexual favors and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual
nature
Conduct of a sexual nature that has negative consequences for
employment

Indecent/ suggestive remarks
Display of pornography
Inappropriate touching
Question /comments about sex life
Circulation of obscene material
Request or demands for sexual favors
Any unwelcome behavior of sexual nature that creates an
intimidating / hostile work environment.