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SPECIAL
DISTRIBUTIONS
5.1 DISCRETE DISTRIBUTION
1. Each trial can have only two outcomes or outcomes that can be reduced to
two outcomes. These outcomes can be considered as either success or failure.
2. There must be a fixed number of trials.
3. The outcomes of each trial must be independent of each other. In other
words, the outcome of one trial does not affect the outcome of another trial.
4. The probability of success is denoted by p and that of failure by q, and p +
q=1. The probabilities p and q remain constant for each trial.
FORMUL
A
Σξϖ∆λβ P(x) = nCx px qn-x
Where;
n = the total number of trials
p = probability of success
q = 1-p = probability of failure
x = number of successes in n trials
n-x = number of failures in n trials
Exampl
e1
Compute the probabilities of X successes, using the binomial formula; n= 6, X= 3,
p=0.03
Solution:
a) P(x=3) = 6C3 (0.03)3(1-0.03)6-3
= 6C3 (0.03)3(0.97)3
= 0.0005
Exampl
e2
A survey found that one out five Malaysian says he or she has visited a doctor in
any given month. If 10 people are selected at random, find the probability that
exactly 3 will have visited a doctor last month.
Solution:
n=6
P (x ≤ 3) = 0.9295
x≤
3
If you are using cumulative binomial probabilities table; P(X ≤ x); it is easier to calculate
various from of binomial distribution such as:
Equally P(X = x) = P(X ≤ x) - P(X ≤ x - 1) or use formula
At most P(X ≤ x) = P(X ≤ x) (directly from the table)
Less than P(X < x) = P(X ≤ x - 1)
At least P(X ≥ x) = 1 – P(X ≤ x - 1)
Greater than P(X > x) = 1 – P(X ≤ x)
From x1 to x2 P(x1 ≤ X ≤ x2) = P(X ≤ x2) - P(X ≤ x1 - 1)
Between x1 and x2 P(x1<X<x2) = P(X ≤ x2 - 1) - P(X ≤ x1)
Between
Exampl x1 to x2 P(x1< X ≤ x2) = P(X ≤ x2) - P(X ≤ x1 )
e3
Compute the probability of X successes using the Binomial Table where n=2, p=0.30
and X ≤1
Solution:
Exampl
e4
25% of all VCR manufactured by a large electronics company are defective. A quality
control inspector randomly selects three VCRs from the production line. What is the
probability that,
exactly one of these three VCRs is defective.
at least two of these VCRs are defective.
Solution:
EXERCISE 1
1. A burglar alarm system has 6 fail-safe components. The probability of each failing is
0.05. Find these probabilities:
2. A survey from Teenage Research Unlimited found that 30% of teenage consumers
receive their spending money from part-time jobs. If 5 teenagers are selected at
random, find the probability that at least 3 of them will have part-time jobs.
3. R. H Bruskin Associates Market Research found that 40% of Americans do not think
that having a college education is important to succeed in the business world. If a
random sample of five American is selected, find these probabilities.
4. It was found that 60% of American victims of health care fraud are senior citizens.
If 10 victims are randomly selected, find the probability that exactly 3 are senior
citizens.
a) If 65% of the people in a community use the gym facilities in one year, find
these probabilities for a sample of 10 people.
6. In a poll of 12 to 18 year old females conducted by Harris Interactive for the Gillette
Company, 40% of the young female said that they expected the US to have a female
president within 10 years. Supposed a random sample of 15 females from this age
group selected. Find the probabilities that of young female in this sample who expect
a female president within 10 years is;
a. at least 9
b. at most 5
c. 6 to 9
d. in between 4 and 8
e. less than 4
FORMUL
A Mean = µ = np
Σξϖ∆λβ
Variance = σ 2 = npq
Where;
n = the total number of trials
p = probability of success
q = 1-p = probability of failure
Exampl
e5
Find the mean, variance and standard deviation for each of the values of n and p when
the conditions for the binomial distribution are met.
a. n=100, p=0.75
Solution:
a. µ = np = 100 (0.75) = 75
Exampl
e6
The Statistical Bulletin published by Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. reported that 2% of
all American births result in twins. If a random sample of 8000 births is taken, find the
mean, variance and standard deviation of the number of births that would result in
twins.
EXERCISE 2
1. It has been reported that 83% of federal government employees use e-mail. If
sample of 200 federal government employees is selected, find the mean,
variance and standard deviation of the number who use e-mail.
2. A survey found that 25% of Malaysian watch movie at the cinema. Find the
mean, variance and standard deviation of the number of individuals who watch
movie at the cinema if a random sample of 1000 Malaysian is selected at the
Bintang Walk.
The number of television sets sold at a department store during a given week.
A certain type of fabric made contains an average 0.5 defects per 500 yards.
Exampl
e7
Find probability P(X; λ ), using the Poisson formula for P(5;4)
Solution:
e −4 (45 )
P(X=5) =
5!
= 0.1563
Exampl
e8
If there are 200 typographical errors randomly distributed in a 500-page manuscript, find
the probability that a given page contains exactly three errors.
Solution:
• The probabilities for a Poisson distribution can also be read from the table
of Poisson probabilities.
How to read the probability value from the table of
Poisson probabilities
Determining P (x ≤ 3) for λ = 1.5
x≤ P (x ≤ 3) = 0.9344
If you are using cumulative Poisson probabilities table; P(X ≤ x); it is easier to
calculate various from of binomial distribution such as:
Equally P(X = x) = P(X ≤ x) - P(X ≤ x - 1) or using Poisson formula
At most P(X ≤ x) = P(X ≤ x) (directly from the table)
Less than P(X < x) = P(X ≤ x - 1)
At least P(X ≥ x) = 1 – P(X ≤ x - 1)
Greater than P(X > x) = 1 – P(X ≤ x)
From x1 to x2 P(x1 ≤ X ≤ x2) = P(X ≤ x2) - P(X ≤ x1 - 1)
Between x1 and x2 P(x1<X<x2) = P(X ≤ x2 - 1) - P(X ≤ x1)
Between x1 to x2 P(x1< X ≤ x2) = P(X ≤ x2) - P(X ≤ x1 )
Exampl
e9
Solution:
Exampl
e 10
A sales firm receives on average three calls per hour on its toll-free number. For any
given hour, find the probability that it will receive the following:
a) at most 3 calls
b) at least 3 calls
c) five or more calls
d) between 1 to 4 calls in 2 hours
Solution:
λ = 3 calls per hour
a) P(X ≤ 3) = 0.6472
b) P(X ≥ 3) = 1 – P(X ≤ 2)
= 1 – 0.4232
= 0.5768
c) P(X ≥ 5) = 1 – P(X ≤ 4)
= 1 – 0.8153
= 0.1847
λ = 6 calls in 2 hours
d) P(1< X ≤ 4) = P(X ≤ 4) – P(X ≤
1)
= 0.2851 – 0.0174
= 0.2677
1. On average a household receives 2 telemarketing phone calls per week. Using the
Poisson distribution formula, find the probability that a randomly selected household
receives:
3. In an airport between 1900 and 2000 hours, the number of airplane that land follows
a Poisson distribution with mean 0.9 per five minutes interval. Find the probability
that the number of plane that land is:
4. An average of 4.8 customers comes to Malaysia Savings and Loan every half hour.
Find the probability that during a given hour, the number of customer will come is
a) exactly two
b) at most 2
c) none
d) more than 5 in one hour
5. Sports Score Jay receives, on average, eight calls per hour requesting the latest
sports score. The distribution is Poisson in nature. For any randomly selected hour,
find the probability that the company will receive
Standard Deviation, σ = λ
Exampl
e 11
An auto salesperson sells an average of 0.9 cars per day. Find the mean, variance
and standard deviation of cars sold per day by this salesperson.
Solution:
µ = λ = 0.9 σ 2 = λ = 0.9
σ = √λ = √0.9 = 0.9487
Exampl
e 12
An insurance salesperson sells an average of 1.4 policies per day.
a) Find the probability that this salesperson will sell no insurance policy on a
certain day.
b) Find the mean, variance and standard deviation of the probability this
salesperson will sell the policies per day.
Solution:
• The normal distribution is the most important and most commonly used
among all of probability distributions.
• A large number of phenomena in the real world are normally distributed
either exactly or approximately.
a) The total area under the curve is 1.0. b) The curve is symmetric about
the mean.
c)
• The standard normal distribution table lists the areas under the
standard normal curve to the left of z-values from –3.49 to 3.49.
• Although the z-values on the left side of the mean are negative, the area
under the curve is always positive.
Exampl
e 13
Solution:
0 1.56
EXERCISE 4
FORMUL
A
Σξϖ∆λβ x−µ
z=
σ
Where µ and σ are the mean and standard deviation of the normal distribution
of x, respectively.
Remember!
The z value for the mean of a normal
distribution is always zero.
Solution:
For the given normal distribution, µ = 50 and σ =10
a) The z value for x = 55 is computes as follows:
b) z = 35 – 50 =
10
Exampl
e 15
Let x be a continuous random variable that is normally distributed with a mean of 65 and
a standard deviation of 15. Find the probability that x can assumes a value:
a) less than 43
b) greater than 74
c) between 56 and 71
Solution:
1. Let x denote the time takes to run a road race. Supposed x is approximately
normally distributed with mean of 190 minutes and standard deviation of 21 minutes.
If one runner is selected at random, what is the probability that this runner will
complete this road race?
2. The mean number of hours a student spends on the computer is 3.1 hours per day.
Assume the standard deviation is 0.5 hour. Find the percentage of students who
spend less than 3.5 hours on the computer. Assume the variable is normally
distributed.
Standard normal
t distribution for 5
degrees of freedom
Chapter 5: Special Distribution 20
• As the number of degrees of freedom increases, the t distribution
gradually approaches the standardized normal distribution until the two are
virtually identical.
• This happens because S becomes a better estimate of σ as the sample
size gets larger.
• With a sample size of about 120 or more, S estimates σ precisely enough
that there is little difference between the t and Z distributions.
• For this reason, most statisticians use Z instead of t when the sample size
is greater than 120.
EXERCISE 6
a) Calculate the probability that the student gets PNGK from 2.00 until 3.00
b) Find the percentage that the student gets PNGK less than 2.00
10. Encik Ahmad works as a lawyer at his own law firm which situated at Bandar
Kenangan. He drives his car to go to his workplace and return back to his house
everyday. The return estimated time taken to his working place is normal
distributed with mean 24 minutes and standard deviation is 3.8 minutes.
a) Calculate the probability of
estimated time taken by Encik Ahmad to go to his workplace and return
back to his house at least half and hour.
11. Assume X is timing for a runner to finish his 2 km run. Given X is normally
distributed with mean 15 minutes and standard deviation is 3 minutes. If one
runner is selected at random, find the probability that the runner can finish his 2km
run in time;
12. Given the systolic blood pressure for the obesity group has mean 132 mmHg and
standard deviation 8 mmHg. Assume the variable normally distributed, find the
probability an obese person that has been selected at random have a systolic
blood pressure:
13. The number of passenger for domestic flight from Alor Setar to Kuala Lumpur is
normally distributed with mean 80 and standard deviation 12. If one domestic
flight is selected at random, find the probability the plain has a passenger:
p
n r 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50
1 0 0.9000 0.8500 0.8000 0.7500 0.7000 0.6500 0.6000 0.5500 0.5000
1 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
2 0 0.8100 0.7225 0.6400 0.5625 0.4900 0.4225 0.3600 0.3025 0.2500
1 0.9900 0.9775 0.9600 0.9375 0.9100 0.8775 0.8400 0.7975 0.7500
2 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
3 0 0.7290 0.6141 0.5120 0.4219 0.3430 0.2746 0.2160 0.1664 0.1250
1 0.9720 0.9393 0.8960 0.8438 0.7840 0.7183 0.6480 0.5748 0.5000
2 0.9990 0.9966 0.9920 0.9844 0.9730 0.9571 0.9360 0.9089 0.8750
3 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
4 0 0.6561 0.5220 0.4096 0.3164 0.2401 0.1785 0.1296 0.0915 0.0625
1 0.9477 0.8905 0.8192 0.7383 0.6517 0.5630 0.4752 0.3910 0.3125
2 0.9963 0.9880 0.9728 0.9492 0.9163 0.8735 0.8208 0.7585 0.6875
3 0.9999 0.9995 0.9984 0.9961 0.9919 0.9850 0.9744 0.9590 0.9375
4 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
5 0 0.5905 0.4437 0.3277 0.2373 0.1681 0.1160 0.0778 0.0503 0.0313
1 0.9185 0.8352 0.7373 0.6328 0.5282 0.4284 0.3370 0.2562 0.1875
2 0.9914 0.9734 0.9421 0.8965 0.8369 0.7648 0.6826 0.5931 0.5000
3 0.9995 0.9978 0.9933 0.9844 0.9692 0.9460 0.9130 0.8688 0.8125
4 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9990 0.9976 0.9947 0.9898 0.9815 0.9688
5 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
6 0 0.5314 0.3771 0.2621 0.1780 0.1176 0.0754 0.0467 0.0277 0.0156
1 0.8857 0.7765 0.6554 0.5339 0.4202 0.3191 0.2333 0.1636 0.1094
2 0.9842 0.9527 0.9011 0.8306 0.7443 0.6471 0.5443 0.4415 0.3438
3 0.9987 0.9941 0.9830 0.9624 0.9295 0.8826 0.8208 0.7447 0.6563
4 0.9999 0.9996 0.9984 0.9954 0.9891 0.9777 0.9590 0.9308 0.8906
5 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9993 0.9982 0.9959 0.9917 0.9844
6 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
7 0 0.4783 0.3206 0.2097 0.1335 0.0824 0.0490 0.0280 0.0152 0.0078
1 0.8503 0.7166 0.5767 0.4449 0.3294 0.2338 0.1586 0.1024 0.0625
2 0.9743 0.9262 0.8520 0.7564 0.6471 0.5323 0.4199 0.3164 0.2266
3 0.9973 0.9879 0.9667 0.9294 0.8740 0.8002 0.7102 0.6083 0.5000
4 0.9998 0.9988 0.9953 0.9871 0.9712 0.9444 0.9037 0.8471 0.7734
5 1.0000 0.9999 0.9996 0.9987 0.9962 0.9910 0.9812 0.9643 0.9375
6 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9994 0.9984 0.9963 0.9922
7 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
continue;
Chapter 5: Special Distribution 25
Binomial Distribution Table
p
λ
Chapter 5: Special Distribution 32
Poisson Distribution Table
x 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0
0 0.0450 0.0408 0.0369 0.0334 0.0302 0.0273 0.0247 0.0224 0.0202 0.0183
1 0.1847 0.1712 0.1586 0.1468 0.1359 0.1257 0.1162 0.1074 0.0992 0.0916
2 0.4012 0.3799 0.3594 0.3397 0.3208 0.3027 0.2854 0.2689 0.2531 0.2381
3 0.6248 0.6025 0.5803 0.5584 0.5366 0.5152 0.4942 0.4735 0.4532 0.4335
4 0.7982 0.7806 0.7626 0.7442 0.7254 0.7064 0.6872 0.6678 0.6484 0.6288
5 0.9057 0.8946 0.8829 0.8705 0.8576 0.8441 0.8301 0.8156 0.8006 0.7851
6 0.9612 0.9554 0.9490 0.9421 0.9347 0.9267 0.9182 0.9091 0.8995 0.8893
7 0.9858 0.9832 0.9802 0.9769 0.9733 0.9692 0.9648 0.9599 0.9546 0.9489
8 0.9953 0.9943 0.9931 0.9917 0.9901 0.9883 0.9863 0.9840 0.9815 0.9786
9 0.9986 0.9982 0.9978 0.9973 0.9967 0.9960 0.9952 0.9942 0.9931 0.9919
10 0.9996 0.9995 0.9994 0.9992 0.9990 0.9987 0.9984 0.9981 0.9977 0.9972
11 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997 0.9996 0.9995 0.9994 0.9993 0.9991
12 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997
13 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999
14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
λ
x 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0
0 0.0166 0.0150 0.0136 0.0123 0.0111 0.0101 0.0091 0.0082 0.0074 0.0067
1 0.0845 0.0780 0.0719 0.0663 0.0611 0.0563 0.0518 0.0477 0.0439 0.0404
2 0.2238 0.2102 0.1974 0.1851 0.1736 0.1626 0.1523 0.1425 0.1333 0.1247
3 0.4142 0.3954 0.3772 0.3594 0.3423 0.3257 0.3097 0.2942 0.2793 0.2650
4 0.6093 0.5898 0.5704 0.5512 0.5321 0.5132 0.4946 0.4763 0.4582 0.4405
5 0.7693 0.7531 0.7367 0.7199 0.7029 0.6858 0.6684 0.6510 0.6335 0.6160
6 0.8786 0.8675 0.8558 0.8436 0.8311 0.8180 0.8046 0.7908 0.7767 0.7622
7 0.9427 0.9361 0.9290 0.9214 0.9134 0.9049 0.8960 0.8867 0.8769 0.8666
8 0.9755 0.9721 0.9683 0.9642 0.9597 0.9549 0.9497 0.9442 0.9382 0.9319
9 0.9905 0.9889 0.9871 0.9851 0.9829 0.9805 0.9778 0.9749 0.9717 0.9682
10 0.9966 0.9959 0.9952 0.9943 0.9933 0.9922 0.9910 0.9896 0.9880 0.9863
11 0.9989 0.9986 0.9983 0.9980 0.9976 0.9971 0.9966 0.9960 0.9953 0.9945
12 0.9997 0.9996 0.9995 0.9993 0.9992 0.9990 0.9988 0.9986 0.9983 0.9980
13 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996 0.9995 0.9994 0.9993
14 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998
15 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999
16 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
λ
x 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.0
0 0.0061 0.0055 0.0050 0.0045 0.0041 0.0037 0.0033 0.0030 0.0027 0.0025
1 0.0372 0.0342 0.0314 0.0289 0.0266 0.0244 0.0224 0.0206 0.0189 0.0174
2 0.1165 0.1088 0.1016 0.0948 0.0884 0.0824 0.0768 0.0715 0.0666 0.0620
3 0.2513 0.2381 0.2254 0.2133 0.2017 0.1906 0.1800 0.1700 0.1604 0.1512
4 0.4231 0.4061 0.3895 0.3733 0.3575 0.3422 0.3272 0.3127 0.2987 0.2851
5 0.5984 0.5809 0.5635 0.5461 0.5289 0.5119 0.4950 0.4783 0.4619 0.4457
6 0.7474 0.7324 0.7171 0.7017 0.6860 0.6703 0.6544 0.6384 0.6224 0.6063
λ
Chapter 5: Special Distribution 33
Poisson Distribution Table
x 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.0
7 0.8560 0.8449 0.8335 0.8217 0.8095 0.7970 0.7841 0.7710 0.7576 0.7440
8 0.9252 0.9181 0.9106 0.9027 0.8944 0.8857 0.8766 0.8672 0.8574 0.8472
9 0.9644 0.9603 0.9559 0.9512 0.9462 0.9409 0.9352 0.9292 0.9228 0.9161
10 0.9844 0.9823 0.9800 0.9775 0.9747 0.9718 0.9686 0.9651 0.9614 0.9574
11 0.9937 0.9927 0.9916 0.9904 0.9890 0.9875 0.9859 0.9841 0.9821 0.9799
12 0.9976 0.9972 0.9967 0.9962 0.9955 0.9949 0.9941 0.9932 0.9922 0.9912
13 0.9992 0.9990 0.9988 0.9986 0.9983 0.9980 0.9977 0.9973 0.9969 0.9964
14 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996 0.9995 0.9994 0.9993 0.9991 0.9990 0.9988 0.9986
15 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997 0.9996 0.9996 0.9995
16 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998
17 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999
18 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
λ
x 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0
0 0.0022 0.0020 0.0018 0.0017 0.0015 0.0014 0.0012 0.0011 0.0010 0.0009
1 0.0159 0.0146 0.0134 0.0123 0.0113 0.0103 0.0095 0.0087 0.0080 0.0073
2 0.0577 0.0536 0.0498 0.0463 0.0430 0.0400 0.0371 0.0344 0.0320 0.0296
3 0.1425 0.1342 0.1264 0.1189 0.1118 0.1052 0.0988 0.0928 0.0871 0.0818
4 0.2719 0.2592 0.2469 0.2351 0.2237 0.2127 0.2022 0.1920 0.1823 0.1730
5 0.4298 0.4141 0.3988 0.3837 0.3690 0.3547 0.3406 0.3270 0.3137 0.3007
6 0.5902 0.5742 0.5582 0.5423 0.5265 0.5108 0.4953 0.4799 0.4647 0.4497
7 0.7301 0.7160 0.7017 0.6873 0.6728 0.6581 0.6433 0.6285 0.6136 0.5987
8 0.8367 0.8259 0.8148 0.8033 0.7916 0.7796 0.7673 0.7548 0.7420 0.7291
9 0.9090 0.9016 0.8939 0.8858 0.8774 0.8686 0.8596 0.8502 0.8405 0.8305
10 0.9531 0.9486 0.9437 0.9386 0.9332 0.9274 0.9214 0.9151 0.9084 0.9015
11 0.9776 0.9750 0.9723 0.9693 0.9661 0.9627 0.9591 0.9552 0.9510 0.9467
12 0.9900 0.9887 0.9873 0.9857 0.9840 0.9821 0.9801 0.9779 0.9755 0.9730
13 0.9958 0.9952 0.9945 0.9937 0.9929 0.9920 0.9909 0.9898 0.9885 0.9872
14 0.9984 0.9981 0.9978 0.9974 0.9970 0.9966 0.9961 0.9956 0.9950 0.9943
15 0.9994 0.9993 0.9992 0.9990 0.9988 0.9986 0.9984 0.9982 0.9979 0.9976
16 0.9998 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996 0.9996 0.9995 0.9994 0.9993 0.9992 0.9990
17 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996
18 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999
19 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
λ
x 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 8.0
0 0.0008 0.0007 0.0007 0.0006 0.0006 0.0005 0.0005 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003
1 0.0067 0.0061 0.0056 0.0051 0.0047 0.0043 0.0039 0.0036 0.0033 0.0030
2 0.0275 0.0255 0.0236 0.0219 0.0203 0.0188 0.0174 0.0161 0.0149 0.0138
3 0.0767 0.0719 0.0674 0.0632 0.0591 0.0554 0.0518 0.0485 0.0453 0.0424
4 0.1641 0.1555 0.1473 0.1395 0.1321 0.1249 0.1181 0.1117 0.1055 0.0996
5 0.2881 0.2759 0.2640 0.2526 0.2414 0.2307 0.2203 0.2103 0.2006 0.1912
6 0.4349 0.4204 0.4060 0.3920 0.3782 0.3646 0.3514 0.3384 0.3257 0.3134
Continue;
Chapter 5: Special Distribution 34
Poisson Distribution Table
λ
x 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 8.0
7 0.5838 0.5689 0.5541 0.5393 0.5246 0.5100 0.4956 0.4812 0.4670 0.4530
8 0.7160 0.7027 0.6892 0.6757 0.6620 0.6482 0.6343 0.6204 0.6065 0.5925
9 0.8202 0.8096 0.7988 0.7877 0.7764 0.7649 0.7531 0.7411 0.7290 0.7166
10 0.8942 0.8867 0.8788 0.8707 0.8622 0.8535 0.8445 0.8352 0.8257 0.8159
11 0.9420 0.9371 0.9319 0.9265 0.9208 0.9148 0.9085 0.9020 0.8952 0.8881
12 0.9703 0.9673 0.9642 0.9609 0.9573 0.9536 0.9496 0.9454 0.9409 0.9362
13 0.9857 0.9841 0.9824 0.9805 0.9784 0.9762 0.9739 0.9714 0.9687 0.9658
14 0.9935 0.9927 0.9918 0.9908 0.9897 0.9886 0.9873 0.9859 0.9844 0.9827
15 0.9972 0.9969 0.9964 0.9959 0.9954 0.9948 0.9941 0.9934 0.9926 0.9918
16 0.9989 0.9987 0.9985 0.9983 0.9980 0.9978 0.9974 0.9971 0.9967 0.9963
17 0.9996 0.9995 0.9994 0.9993 0.9992 0.9991 0.9989 0.9988 0.9986 0.9984
18 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996 0.9996 0.9995 0.9994 0.9993
19 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997
20 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999
21 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
λ
x 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 9.0
0 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001
1 0.0028 0.0025 0.0023 0.0021 0.0019 0.0018 0.0016 0.0015 0.0014 0.0012
2 0.0127 0.0118 0.0109 0.0100 0.0093 0.0086 0.0079 0.0073 0.0068 0.0062
3 0.0396 0.0370 0.0346 0.0323 0.0301 0.0281 0.0262 0.0244 0.0228 0.0212
4 0.0940 0.0887 0.0837 0.0789 0.0744 0.0701 0.0660 0.0621 0.0584 0.0550
5 0.1822 0.1736 0.1653 0.1573 0.1496 0.1422 0.1352 0.1284 0.1219 0.1157
6 0.3013 0.2896 0.2781 0.2670 0.2562 0.2457 0.2355 0.2256 0.2160 0.2068
7 0.4391 0.4254 0.4119 0.3987 0.3856 0.3728 0.3602 0.3478 0.3357 0.3239
8 0.5786 0.5647 0.5507 0.5369 0.5231 0.5094 0.4958 0.4823 0.4689 0.4557
9 0.7041 0.6915 0.6788 0.6659 0.6530 0.6400 0.6269 0.6137 0.6006 0.5874
10 0.8058 0.7955 0.7850 0.7743 0.7634 0.7522 0.7409 0.7294 0.7178 0.7060
11 0.8807 0.8731 0.8652 0.8571 0.8487 0.8400 0.8311 0.8220 0.8126 0.8030
12 0.9313 0.9261 0.9207 0.9150 0.9091 0.9029 0.8965 0.8898 0.8829 0.8758
13 0.9628 0.9595 0.9561 0.9524 0.9486 0.9445 0.9403 0.9358 0.9311 0.9261
14 0.9810 0.9791 0.9771 0.9749 0.9726 0.9701 0.9675 0.9647 0.9617 0.9585
15 0.9908 0.9898 0.9887 0.9875 0.9862 0.9848 0.9832 0.9816 0.9798 0.9780
16 0.9958 0.9953 0.9947 0.9941 0.9934 0.9926 0.9918 0.9909 0.9899 0.9889
17 0.9982 0.9979 0.9977 0.9973 0.9970 0.9966 0.9962 0.9957 0.9952 0.9947
18 0.9992 0.9991 0.9990 0.9989 0.9987 0.9985 0.9983 0.9981 0.9978 0.9976
19 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996 0.9995 0.9995 0.9994 0.9993 0.9992 0.9991 0.9989
20 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996 0.9996
21 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998
22 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999
23 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
λ
Chapter 5: Special Distribution 35
Poisson Distribution Table
x 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 10.0
0 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000
1 0.0011 0.0010 0.0009 0.0009 0.0008 0.0007 0.0007 0.0006 0.0005 0.0005
2 0.0058 0.0053 0.0049 0.0045 0.0042 0.0038 0.0035 0.0033 0.0030 0.0028
3 0.0198 0.0184 0.0172 0.0160 0.0149 0.0138 0.0129 0.0120 0.0111 0.0103
4 0.0517 0.0486 0.0456 0.0429 0.0403 0.0378 0.0355 0.0333 0.0312 0.0293
5 0.1098 0.1041 0.0986 0.0935 0.0885 0.0838 0.0793 0.0750 0.0710 0.0671
6 0.1978 0.1892 0.1808 0.1727 0.1649 0.1574 0.1502 0.1433 0.1366 0.1301
7 0.3123 0.3010 0.2900 0.2792 0.2687 0.2584 0.2485 0.2388 0.2294 0.2202
8 0.4426 0.4296 0.4168 0.4042 0.3918 0.3796 0.3676 0.3558 0.3442 0.3328
9 0.5742 0.5611 0.5479 0.5349 0.5218 0.5089 0.4960 0.4832 0.4705 0.4579
10 0.6941 0.6820 0.6699 0.6576 0.6453 0.6329 0.6205 0.6080 0.5955 0.5830
11 0.7932 0.7832 0.7730 0.7626 0.7520 0.7412 0.7303 0.7193 0.7081 0.6968
12 0.8684 0.8607 0.8529 0.8448 0.8364 0.8279 0.8191 0.8101 0.8009 0.7916
13 0.9210 0.9156 0.9100 0.9042 0.8981 0.8919 0.8853 0.8786 0.8716 0.8645
14 0.9552 0.9517 0.9480 0.9441 0.9400 0.9357 0.9312 0.9265 0.9216 0.9165
15 0.9760 0.9738 0.9715 0.9691 0.9665 0.9638 0.9609 0.9579 0.9546 0.9513
16 0.9878 0.9865 0.9852 0.9838 0.9823 0.9806 0.9789 0.9770 0.9751 0.9730
17 0.9941 0.9934 0.9927 0.9919 0.9911 0.9902 0.9892 0.9881 0.9870 0.9857
18 0.9973 0.9969 0.9966 0.9962 0.9957 0.9952 0.9947 0.9941 0.9935 0.9928
19 0.9988 0.9986 0.9985 0.9983 0.9980 0.9978 0.9975 0.9972 0.9969 0.9965
20 0.9995 0.9994 0.9993 0.9992 0.9991 0.9990 0.9989 0.9987 0.9986 0.9984
21 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997 0.9997 0.9996 0.9996 0.9995 0.9995 0.9994 0.9993
22 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9997 0.9997
23 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999
24 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
λ
x 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 19.0 20.0
0 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
1 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
2 0.0012 0.0005 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
3 0.0049 0.0023 0.0011 0.0005 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
4 0.0151 0.0076 0.0037 0.0018 0.0009 0.0004 0.0002 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
5 0.0375 0.0203 0.0107 0.0055 0.0028 0.0014 0.0007 0.0003 0.0002 0.0001
6 0.0786 0.0458 0.0259 0.0142 0.0076 0.0040 0.0021 0.0010 0.0005 0.0003
7 0.1432 0.0895 0.0540 0.0316 0.0180 0.0100 0.0054 0.0029 0.0015 0.0008
8 0.2320 0.1550 0.0998 0.0621 0.0374 0.0220 0.0126 0.0071 0.0039 0.0021
9 0.3405 0.2424 0.1658 0.1094 0.0699 0.0433 0.0261 0.0154 0.0089 0.0050
10 0.4599 0.3472 0.2517 0.1757 0.1185 0.0774 0.0491 0.0304 0.0183 0.0108
11 0.5793 0.4616 0.3532 0.2600 0.1848 0.1270 0.0847 0.0549 0.0347 0.0214
12 0.6887 0.5760 0.4631 0.3585 0.2676 0.1931 0.1350 0.0917 0.0606 0.0390
13 0.7813 0.6815 0.5730 0.4644 0.3632 0.2745 0.2009 0.1426 0.0984 0.0661
14 0.8540 0.7720 0.6751 0.5704 0.4657 0.3675 0.2808 0.2081 0.1497 0.1049
15 0.9074 0.8444 0.7636 0.6694 0.5681 0.4667 0.3715 0.2867 0.2148 0.1565
z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0.0 0.5000 0.5040 0.5080 0.5120 0.5160 0.5199 0.5239 0.5279 0.5319 0.5359
0.1 0.5398 0.5438 0.5478 0.5517 0.5557 0.5596 0.5636 0.5675 0.5714 0.5753
0.2 0.5793 0.5832 0.5871 0.5910 0.5948 0.5987 0.6026 0.6064 0.6103 0.6141
0.3 0.6179 0.6217 0.6255 0.6293 0.6331 0.6368 0.6406 0.6443 0.6480 0.6517
0.4 0.6554 0.6591 0.6628 0.6664 0.6700 0.6736 0.6772 0.6808 0.6844 0.6879
0.5 0.6915 0.6950 0.6985 0.7019 0.7054 0.7088 0.7123 0.7157 0.7190 0.7224
0.6 0.7257 0.7291 0.7324 0.7357 0.7389 0.7422 0.7454 0.7486 0.7517 0.7549
0.7 0.7580 0.7611 0.7642 0.7673 0.7704 0.7734 0.7764 0.7794 0.7823 0.7852
0.8 0.7881 0.7910 0.7939 0.7967 0.7995 0.8023 0.8051 0.8078 0.8106 0.8133
0.9 0.8159 0.8186 0.8212 0.8238 0.8264 0.8289 0.8315 0.8340 0.8365 0.8389
1.0 0.8413 0.8438 0.8461 0.8485 0.8508 0.8531 0.8554 0.8577 0.8599 0.8621
1.1 0.8643 0.8665 0.8686 0.8708 0.8729 0.8749 0.8770 0.8790 0.8810 0.8830
1.2 0.8849 0.8869 0.8888 0.8907 0.8925 0.8944 0.8962 0.8980 0.8997 0.9015
1.3 0.9032 0.9049 0.9066 0.9082 0.9099 0.9115 0.9131 0.9147 0.9162 0.9177
1.4 0.9192 0.9207 0.9222 0.9236 0.9251 0.9265 0.9279 0.9292 0.9306 0.9319
1.5 0.9332 0.9345 0.9357 0.9370 0.9382 0.9394 0.9406 0.9418 0.9429 0.9441
1.6 0.9452 0.9463 0.9474 0.9484 0.9495 0.9505 0.9515 0.9525 0.9535 0.9545
1.7 0.9554 0.9564 0.9573 0.9582 0.9591 0.9599 0.9608 0.9616 0.9625 0.9633
1.8 0.9641 0.9649 0.9656 0.9664 0.9671 0.9678 0.9686 0.9693 0.9699 0.9706
1.9 0.9713 0.9719 0.9726 0.9732 0.9738 0.9744 0.9750 0.9756 0.9761 0.9767
2.0 0.9772 0.9778 0.9783 0.9788 0.9793 0.9798 0.9803 0.9808 0.9812 0.9817
2.1 0.9821 0.9826 0.9830 0.9834 0.9838 0.9842 0.9846 0.9850 0.9854 0.9857
2.2 0.9861 0.9864 0.9868 0.9871 0.9875 0.9878 0.9881 0.9884 0.9887 0.9890
2.3 0.9893 0.9896 0.9898 0.9901 0.9904 0.9906 0.9909 0.9911 0.9913 0.9916
2.4 0.9918 0.9920 0.9922 0.9925 0.9927 0.9929 0.9931 0.9932 0.9934 0.9936
2.5 0.9938 0.9940 0.9941 0.9943 0.9945 0.9946 0.9948 0.9949 0.9951 0.9952
2.6 0.9953 0.9955 0.9956 0.9957 0.9959 0.9960 0.9961 0.9962 0.9963 0.9964
2.7 0.9965 0.9966 0.9967 0.9968 0.9969 0.9970 0.9971 0.9972 0.9973 0.9974
2.8 0.9974 0.9975 0.9976 0.9977 0.9977 0.9978 0.9979 0.9979 0.9980 0.9981
2.9 0.9981 0.9982 0.9982 0.9983 0.9984 0.9984 0.9985 0.9985 0.9986 0.9986
3.0 0.9987 0.9987 0.9987 0.9988 0.9988 0.9989 0.9989 0.9989 0.9990 0.9990
3.1 0.9990 0.9991 0.9991 0.9991 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9992 0.9993 0.9993
3.2 0.9993 0.9993 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9994 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995
3.3 0.9995 0.9995 0.9995 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9996 0.9997
3.4 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9997 0.9998
3.5 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998 0.9998
3.6 0.9998 0.9998 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999
3.7 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999
3.8 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999 0.9999
3.9 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000
Chapter 5: Special Distribution 38
Standard Normal Distribution Table
Continue;
z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
-0.0 0.5000 0.4960 0.4920 0.4880 0.4840 0.4801 0.4761 0.4721 0.4681 0.4641
-0.1 0.4602 0.4562 0.4522 0.4483 0.4443 0.4404 0.4364 0.4325 0.4286 0.4247
-0.2 0.4207 0.4168 0.4129 0.4090 0.4052 0.4013 0.3974 0.3936 0.3897 0.3859
-0.3 0.3821 0.3783 0.3745 0.3707 0.3669 0.3632 0.3594 0.3557 0.3520 0.3483
-0.4 0.3446 0.3409 0.3372 0.3336 0.3300 0.3264 0.3228 0.3192 0.3156 0.3121
-0.5 0.3085 0.3050 0.3015 0.2981 0.2946 0.2912 0.2877 0.2843 0.2810 0.2776
-0.6 0.2743 0.2709 0.2676 0.2643 0.2611 0.2578 0.2546 0.2514 0.2483 0.2451
-0.7 0.2420 0.2389 0.2358 0.2327 0.2296 0.2266 0.2236 0.2206 0.2177 0.2148
-0.8 0.2119 0.2090 0.2061 0.2033 0.2005 0.1977 0.1949 0.1922 0.1894 0.1867
-0.9 0.1841 0.1814 0.1788 0.1762 0.1736 0.1711 0.1685 0.1660 0.1635 0.1611
-1.0 0.1587 0.1562 0.1539 0.1515 0.1492 0.1469 0.1446 0.1423 0.1401 0.1379
-1.1 0.1357 0.1335 0.1314 0.1292 0.1271 0.1251 0.1230 0.1210 0.1190 0.1170
-1.2 0.1151 0.1131 0.1112 0.1093 0.1075 0.1056 0.1038 0.1020 0.1003 0.0985
-1.3 0.0968 0.0951 0.0934 0.0918 0.0901 0.0885 0.0869 0.0853 0.0838 0.0823
-1.4 0.0808 0.0793 0.0778 0.0764 0.0749 0.0735 0.0721 0.0708 0.0694 0.0681
-1.5 0.0668 0.0655 0.0643 0.0630 0.0618 0.0606 0.0594 0.0582 0.0571 0.0559
-1.6 0.0548 0.0537 0.0526 0.0516 0.0505 0.0495 0.0485 0.0475 0.0465 0.0455
-1.7 0.0446 0.0436 0.0427 0.0418 0.0409 0.0401 0.0392 0.0384 0.0375 0.0367
-1.8 0.0359 0.0351 0.0344 0.0336 0.0329 0.0322 0.0314 0.0307 0.0301 0.0294
-1.9 0.0287 0.0281 0.0274 0.0268 0.0262 0.0256 0.0250 0.0244 0.0239 0.0233
-2.0 0.0228 0.0222 0.0217 0.0212 0.0207 0.0202 0.0197 0.0192 0.0188 0.0183
-2.1 0.0179 0.0174 0.0170 0.0166 0.0162 0.0158 0.0154 0.0150 0.0146 0.0143
-2.2 0.0139 0.0136 0.0132 0.0129 0.0125 0.0122 0.0119 0.0116 0.0113 0.0110
-2.3 0.0107 0.0104 0.0102 0.0099 0.0096 0.0094 0.0091 0.0089 0.0087 0.0084
-2.4 0.0082 0.0080 0.0078 0.0075 0.0073 0.0071 0.0069 0.0068 0.0066 0.0064
-2.5 0.0062 0.0060 0.0059 0.0057 0.0055 0.0054 0.0052 0.0051 0.0049 0.0048
-2.6 0.0047 0.0045 0.0044 0.0043 0.0041 0.0040 0.0039 0.0038 0.0037 0.0036
-2.7 0.0035 0.0034 0.0033 0.0032 0.0031 0.0030 0.0029 0.0028 0.0027 0.0026
-2.8 0.0026 0.0025 0.0024 0.0023 0.0023 0.0022 0.0021 0.0021 0.0020 0.0019
-2.9 0.0019 0.0018 0.0018 0.0017 0.0016 0.0016 0.0015 0.0015 0.0014 0.0014
-3.0 0.0013 0.0013 0.0013 0.0012 0.0012 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011 0.0010 0.0010
-3.1 0.0010 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008 0.0007 0.0007
-3.2 0.0007 0.0007 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005
-3.3 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003
-3.4 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0002
-3.5 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
-3.6 0.0002 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
-3.7 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
-3.8 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
-3.9 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
5. p = 0.65, q = 0.35, n = 10
-2.87 0
3. n = 6000, μ = 55, σ = 10
a) P(X > 75) = P(z < 75 – 55)
EXERCISE 5
10
1. a) P(X < 150) = P(z < 150 - 190) = P(z < 2)
21
= 1 - P(z < 2)
= P(z < -1.9)
= 1 - 0.9772
= 0.0281
= 0.0228
Thus, the number of graduates with distinction
b) P(205 < z < 245)
is
= P(z < 2.62) - P(z < 0.71)
0.0228( 6000) = 136.8
= 0.9956 – 0.7611
≈ 137 graduates
= 0.2345
2. P(X < 3.5) = P(z < 3.5 – 3.1) b) P(65 < X < 45) = P[(65 – 55) <z < 45 – 55)]
0.5 10 10
= P(z < 0.8) = P( 1 < z < -1)
= 1 - 0.7881 = 0.8413 – 0.1587
= 0.2119 = 0.6826
= 21.19%
EXERCISE 6 5. p = 0.88, q = 0.12, n = 16
a) P(X=9) = 16C9(0.88)9(0.12)7
1. p = 0.1, q = 0.9, n = 5 = 0.0013
a) P(X=2) = 5C2(0.1)2(0.9)3
p = 0.08, q = 0.92, n = 16
= 0.0729
or b) P(X=4) = 16C4(0.08)4(0.92)12
P(X=2) = P(X≤2) – P(X≤1) = 0.0274
= 0.9914 – 0.9188
= 0.0729 p = 0.04, q = 0.96, n = 16
c) P(X=3) = 16C3(0.04)3(0.96)13
b) P (X ≥ 1) = 1 – P(X=0)
= 0.0211
= 1 – [5C0(0.1)0(0.9)5 ]
= 1 – 0.5905
= 0.4095 6. λ = 3 loan applications per week
or a) P(X = 0) = (e-3 (3)0)/0!
P(X≥ 1) = 1 – P(X≤0) = 0.0498
= 1 – 0.5905
= 0.4095 b) P(2 ≤ z ≤ 5) = P(X≤5) - P(X≤2)
= 0.9161 – 0.4232
2. p = 0.2, q = 0.8, n = 20 = 0.4929
13. μ = 15, σ = 3
a) P(X<13) = P[z < (13 - 15)/3]
= P (z < -0.67)
= 0.2514
TUTORIAL CHAPTER 5
QUESTION 1
A past history shows that 60% of college students are smokers. A sample of 5 students is randomly selected.
What is the probability that exactly one student is a smoker?
(2 marks)
QUESTION 2
Hope.fm Radio Company receives, on the average, two short messaging services (sms) within five minutes
from listener. Find the probability that it will receive the following
i. probability that a randomly selected lorry travels from 36 to 50 thousand kilometers in the year
(3 marks)