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J12 WMA
Waste
Management
Dr. Vasanthi Sethu
Room CLG03
Vasanthi.Sethu@nottingham.edu.my
Module outline
Week 1 - Introduction to Waste Management
Week 2-4 - Solid Waste Management
Week 5 - Sludge Management
Week 6-8 - Waste treatment Mechanical,
Thermal and Biological
Week 9 - Waste disposal Landfilling and
Incineration
Week 10-11 - Recycling and Resource/Energy
Recovery
Week 12 - Revision
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Assessment andaccesstomaterial
Assessment
100% final examination
Access to material
Moodle soft copy only
Classschedule
Thursday, 11am-1pm
Venue: F1A13
Beforewe start
Some questions to answer.
1. Does the environment actually need
protecting? Yes/No
2. What is affecting our environment
currently?
3. Who is the main culprit?
4. Is it really necessary to do anything
about the environment or will the
effects right itself over time? Yes/No
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Planet Earth.
Before After
Why is there aneedfor Waste Management?
Waste management (WM) has always been a problem, since
pre-historic days
Due to development invention of new products,
technologies and services volume of wastes generated have
increased
Quantity and quality of waste generated have also changed
over the years depends on our activities, culture,
geographical location and economy
Development comes with an environmental burden, and
needs proper management
In developed countries there is a proper system in place for
WM
But in developing countries there may not be sufficient
manpower and resources to have proper WM systems
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The needs of
human beings.
Natural Needs
Air
Water
Food
Shelter
Clothing
Acquired Needs
Expensive homes
Automobiles
Jewelry/ luxury
items
Entertainment
Etc
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Human Impacts on the Environment
Natural resources were used to satisfy mans
basic needs residues of natural resources
were readily assimilated by the environment
But as time went by, mans needs began to
grow acquired needs - automobiles,
appliances, processed food, luxury items, etc
became necessities residues not readily
assimilated by the environment caused
pollution and deterioration of the biosphere
Environmental Impacts on Humans
The environment became choked with
pollution caused by humans
People ignored environmental pollution,
until they became aware of the ill
effects of pollution upon themselves
Then only humans started being
concerned about the environment!
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What are the consequences..
One billion people in the world have no clean
water
Two billion people have inadequate sanitation
Two billion people (mostly in large cities of
newly industrialised countries) breathe air
that is dangerously unhealthy
Many countries are in the verge of famine
Extinction of plant and animal species
Climate change
What can we do about it?
Just simply stop polluting!!
But how?
Cleaner technology use
environmentally
friendly raw material/
products
Source reduction of pollutants
Recycling, reuse, reclamation
of waste
Etc, etc, etc.
Go
Green!!
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IntroductiontoWasteManagement
Waste
Simple definition - a left over or redundant material
of no marginal value for the generator, and which
the generator wants to discard
Engineers definition basically anything that does
not make it to the final product or service
Input Output
Process/
Activity
Waste
A comprehensive definition is given by the Environmental
Public Health Act (EPHA) 1968 of Singapore:
(a) Any substance which constitutes a scrap material or an
effluent, or other unwanted surplus substances arising from
the application of any process; and
(b) Any substance or article which requires to be disposed of as
being broken, worn out, contaminated or otherwise spoiled;
and
(c) Anything which is discarded or otherwise dealt with as if it
were waste shall be presumed to be waste unless the
contrary is proved
Municipal solid waste (MSW) is usually a term that is used for
wastes collected in urban areas domestic and commercial solid
wastes
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Waste or not? Questions
A mattress that has been discarded and then abandoned in
a ditch.
Todays newspaper placed in the waste receptacle for the
collection of paper recyclers.
An object being sent to a specialised recovery facility such
as scrap metal being sent to a sorting facility.
Compact disks (CDs) consigned to a treatment or disposal
operation (example an incinerator or landfill site).
An unbroken milk bottle left outside for the collection of
the milkman who will wash and refill it
Stable straw and manure that has been spread on
agricultural land.
Answers
A mattress that has been discarded and then abandoned in
a ditch. WASTE
Todays newspaper placed in the waste receptacle for the
collection of paper recyclers.NOT WASTE
An object being sent to a specialised recovery facility such
as scrap metal being sent to a sorting facility. NOT WASTE
Compact disks (CDs) consigned to a treatment or disposal
operation (example an incinerator or landfill site).WASTE
An unbroken milk bottle left outside for the collection of
the milkman who will wash and refill it NOT WASTE
Stable straw and manure that has been spread on
agricultural land.NOT WASTE
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Test yourself Waste or not?
1. Waste material on a bonfire pile waiting to be burnt..
2. A used car taken to a scrap yard to be destroyed
3. A used car taken to a second-hand car dealer for resale
4. A jacket with a hole in the sleeve consigned for resale at a
charity shop.
Answers:
1. WASTE
2. WASTE
3. NOT WASTE
4. NOT WASTE
Types of wastes that we will deal with in this module:
Solid wastes
Liquid wastes
The above can further be categorised to:
Hazardous wastes
Non-hazardous wastes
Our focus will be on : Non-hazardous Solid Waste
Management