Ibrahim Khan Gardi : The Muslim Commander in the Maratha army

Ibrahim Khan Gardi was one of the Gardis trained by de Bussy . The term " Gardi " came to be applied to the troops and
officers trained by Bussy with strict regulations about discipline, uniforms, arms, marches and other military essentials,
which were till then conspicuous in India by their absence, and which the Marathas with their strong self-will particularly
hated . Bussy spent the first three years of his life in India (1747-49) in selecting proper well-built candidates for service
with a strong physique and measured height and in training them for the purposes of infantry and artillery during field-
operations and sieges. Ibrahim Khan was the son of Muzaffar Khan Gardis sister. Ibrahim Khan was in the services of
Nizam Ali and was highly attached to him and had participated in the battle of Sindakhed against the Marathas in which
the Marathas won .Nizam Ali also had a lot of affection for Ibrahim Khan , he along with his chief officials attended the
marriage of the daughter of this Gardi commander .But Ibrahim Khan was a a trifle inferior to Muzaffar Khan in the
technicalities of his profession. In this connection Salabat Jung once remarked: Bussy had no difficulty in getting rid of
Muzaffar Khan at a moment's notice. Ibrahim Khan stands no comparison in that respcct. In June 1758 Bussy was
recalled and he left the services of Nizam Salabat Jung . After Bussy's departure affairs took a rapid turn for the worse in
the Nizam's State. Basalat Jang and Nizam Ali quarrelled over the power to manage the administration as Salabat Jang was
a mere figure-head, playing into the hands of his powerful ministers. During the war on the east coast, Captain Forde of
the British East India Company marched into the Northern Sarkars and captured those districts for themselves : neither
Basalat Jang nor Nizam Ali could prevent this. The latter demanded from Salabat Jang the sole management of affairs :
but Salabat Jang was afraid of his own life being attempted by Nizam Ali's Gardis headed by Ibrahim Khan. He therefore
stipulated that he would entrust him with all powers provided he dismissed Ibrahim Khan from his service. This he agreed
to do. Ibrahim Khan was dismissed by Nizam Ali in October 1759 and the latter was given full powers of administration
by Salabat Jang. Raja Vithal Das paid the arrear of three lakhs in full immediately and expelled Ibrahim Khan Gardi from
the services of Nizam Ali on 9
th
October. When Sadashivrao at Poona learnt of Ibrahim Khan's dismissal, he at once
engaged him in his employ with the help of one Keshavrao Panse , having already fully satisfied himself about the latter's
honesty and capacity. This was the reason that provoked Muzaffar Khan, the rival gardi commander to attempt
Bhausaheb's life. Ibrahim Khan was to join service at Poona on November 5, 1759.
Sadshivrao granted Ibrahim Khan the sole management of Peshwas artillery .Ibrahim Khan entered the services of
Peshwa with 12,000 French-trained sepoys forming 12 battalions of thousand men each. Ibrahim Khan led Peshwas
artillery in the battle of Udgir and fought against the gardis of Nizam Ali .In this battle Ibrahim Khan displayed an
impressive show of his French capacities and talent. Impressed by his capacities Sadshivrao decided to take Ibrahim Khan
in the Panipat campaign. Ibrahim Khan set out from Patdur with 8,000 gardi sepoys . Ibrahim Khan proved useful at Delhi
and Kunjpura where his guns created havoc in the Afghan camps. Regarding this Nana Phadnavis wrote on 28
th
November
: The Afghans have been impressed by him . Impressed by this general of Sadshivrao , the Afghans tried to detach him
from the Marathas in the name of religion but this loyal general boldly turned down all lucrative offers. It was on the
advice of Ibrahim Khan that Sadshivrao decided to entrench himself at Panipat .Finally in the main battle fought on 14
th

January , it was his war plan (of moving in a hollow square formation) that was implemented by Sadshivrao . Just before
the battle Ibrahim Khan rode up to Bhausaheb and said "Ram ! Ram ! You were highly displeased with me because every
month I used to take from you, with bold insistence, order for the cash payment of our salary, running to six lakhs of
Rupees. This month your treasure has been looted and we have got no order of payment. Never mind that today I shall
discharge my duty". In the battle the gardis fell on the right wing of the Afghans and the Rohillas received huge causalities
. In the first half of the battle Ibrahim Khan remained the undisputed champion in that part of the field. So fierce was
Ibrahim Khan Gardis attack that only a few Soldiers remained with their chiefs and one leader could not inquire about
another. The old Hafiz Rahmat Khan said, "Set my palki down in front of Dundi Khan, so that I may be slain before his
face.". Dundi Khan came down from his horse and cried out, " Comrades! our life and honour are perishing. Bring me
news of Hafiz Rahmat Khan" .Towards the end of the battle Ibrahim Khan was captured in wounded condition and most of
his gardi soldiers were killed in the battlefield. Ibrahim Khan was later tortured and executed on the orders of Abdali
.There is also a mention of Fatheh Ali Khan Gardi who led a night attack on the Afghan camp on 19
th
November 1760 ,
who was the brother of Ibrahim Khan Gardi. What happened to Fatheh Ali Khan is nowhere recorded . It has also been
stated that the son and brother-in-law of Ibrahim khan died in the battle field.
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