Code used for the exercise is 135

According to the code given, the structure that will be analyzed is:

Its a beam structure with a circular cross section that are loaded by a distributed force, p, a
concentrated force, F
1
, and a concentrated moment, M
1
. The material of the beams is linear
elastic, homogeneous and isotropic with na elastic modulus of E and v=0,3. For this case it
have to be considered that l[m]= 1.1, d
1
[m]= 0.070, p[N/m]= 470, M
1
[Nm]= 350, d
2
[m]= 0.105,
F
1
[N]= 820 and E[GPa]= 206.

1. Calculating the displacement and angle of rotation function using the 0
th
-
8
th
approximation:
Is necessary to use the total potential energy:



Where:

The kinematic Boundary conditions in this case that is satisfied to the equation is:





And:

After that the equation for the Total Potential Energy is of the beam structure is:


Where, according to the Ritz method the Total energy has to be minimal:


Using the Mathematica 9.0 was possible to obtain the results. The code is
showed below:

l=1.1;d1=0.070;p=470;M=350;d2=0.105;F=820;Ey=206*10^9;
Iz1=(3.14*(d1/2)^4)/4;
Iz2=(3.14*(d2/2)^4)/4;

omega=(x^2)*(x-5*l);
Nappr=0;

B=omega*Table[{x^(i-1)},{i,1,Nappr+1}];
Bt=Transpose[B];
dB=D[B,x];
ddB=D[B,{x,2}];
ddBt=Transpose[ddB];

S=Integrate[Iz2*Ey*ddB.ddBt,{x,0,3*l}]+
Integrate[Iz1*Ey*ddB.ddBt,{x,3*l,5*l}];
Q=Integrate[-p*B,{x,0,3*l}]-(F*B/.x 4*l)+(M*dB/.x 3*l);
A=(1/S).Q;

v[x_]=Bt.A;
phi[x_]=D[v[x],x];
vK=v[3*l]
phiK=phi[3*l]





The results is showed in the table:


Numbers of approximation
(N
1
)
Displacement (v) Angle of Rotation
0th -0,00292942 -0,000443852
1th -0,00906533 -0,00250898
2th 0,0147005 -0,00540155
3th -0,0189595 -0,0081995
4th -0,0220144 -0,0105235
5th -0,0241998 -0,0123216
6th -0,025787 -0,0136653
7th -0,0269624 -0,0146527
8th -0,0278491 -0,0153729

And represented by the diagram:


= (-0,0153729 rad/)*180= -8,8080229

2- The FE model of the structure using the Mathematica, applying the
minimum number of elements:

The number of elements in this case is 3. The element applied is BEAM1D. The
global system is enough for this exercise because the beam is parallel with the axis x
and perpendicular to the plane xz. The solution was found by the Mathematica 9.0,
according to this code:






-0,00292942
-0,00906533
-0,0147005
-0,0189595
-0,0220144
-0,0241998
-0,025787
-0,0269624
-0,0278491
-0,03
-0,025
-0,02
-0,015
-0,01
-0,005
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
v
k
x N
Displacement
l=1.1;d1=0.07;p=470;d2=0.105;Ey=206*10^9;
Iz1=((d1^4)*Pi)/64;
Iz2=((d2^4)*Pi)/64;
l3=3*l;
v=0.3;

N1={{6,l3,-6,l3},{l3,2*l^2,-l3,l^2},{-6,-l3,6,-l3},{l3,l^2,-l3,2*l^2}};
N2={{6,l3,-6,l3},{l3,2*l^2,-l3,l^2},{-6,-l3,6,-l3},{l3,l^2,-l3,2*l^2}};
N3={{6,3*l3,-6,3*l3},{3*l3,2*l3^2,-3*l3,l3^2},{-6,-3*l3,6,-3*l3},{3*l3,l3^2,-3*l3,2*l3^2}};

Ke3=(2*Iz1*Ey/l^3)*N1;
Ke2=(2*Iz1*Ey/l^3)*N2;
Ke1=(2*Iz2*Ey/l3^3)*N3;

U={{0,0,v2,fi2,v3,fi3,0,fi4}};
Ut=Transpose[U];

Ff={{Ay,Ma,0,220,-820,0,By,0}};
Fp=(p*l3/12)*{{6,l3,6,-l3,0,0,0,0}};
F=Ff-Fp;
Ft=Transpose[F];


H1={{0,0,0,0},{0,0,0,0},{0,0,0,0},{0,0,0,0}};
H2={{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}};
H3={{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0}};

K1=ArrayFlatten[{{Ke1,H1},{H1,H1}}];
K2A=ArrayFlatten[{{H3,Ke2,H3}}];
K2=ArrayFlatten[{{H2},{K2A},{H2}}];
K3=ArrayFlatten[{{H1,H1},{H1,Ke3}}];
K=K1+K2+K3;

adof={3,4,5,6,8};
Kcon=K[[adof,adof]];
Fcon=Ft[[adof]];
Ucon=LinearSolve[Kcon,Fcon];
Ut[[adof]]=Ucon;

fixdof={1,2,7};
sol=Solve[(K.Ut)[[fixdof]] Ft[[fixdof]],{Ay,Ma,By}]














According to the code was possible to find the Structural Stiffness matrix, that is:


The load vector is:



The vector of nodal displacements:


Solving the FE problem for this data we have this results:

Node 1: v(1)= 0[m]; fi(1)= 0[rad];
Node 2: v(2)= [m]; fi(2)= [rad];
Node 3: v(3)= [m]; fi(3)= [rad];
Node 4: v(3)= 0[m]; fi(4)= [rad];


Reactions: F1=[N]; F4=[N]; M
1
=[Nm];





3- The FE model of the structure using Ftool is:
The FE model has 3 elements for the same reasons for the Mathematica solution in
second question. For this exercise we can get the results after define the nodes,
elements, constraints, types of materials & of cross-sections and loads. We have all
the necessary data, therefore, the diagram plotted are:

The Structure:






Deflection diagram:



The bending moment diagram:






Shear force diagram:



Elemento 1 Elemento 2 Elemento 3










Node 2 Node 3 Node 1 Node 4

The angle rotation in the K section in is:

= (-0.0007854/)*180= - 0.04500

Conclusion:

After all the calculation and the use of different methods we could observe that the results of
the Ftool method was the best, showing a good and precise result. So, to aproximate the Ritz
method to the Ftool and the Mathematica, is necessary to use more numbers of
approximation.