!"#"$"$#%!&"$ (%)%!*+,*-$*!

LS1UAk - IN1Lk1IDAL
!"#"$"$#%!&"$ (%)%!*+,*-$*!
LS1UAk - IN1Lk1IDAL AkASLULNCL
$%)./-%&* (%)%!*+,*-$*!
$%)./-%&* (%)%!*+,*-$*!
$%)./-%&* (%)%!*+,*-$*!
$%)./-%&* (%)%!*+,*-$*!
$%)./-%&* (%)%!*+,*-$*!
$%)./-%&* (%)%!*+,*-$*!
$%)./-%&* (%)%!*+,*-$*!
AkASLULNCLS S1ACkING AND
SS1LM 1kAC1S
(%)%!*+,*-$* !*&!
kCGkADA1ICNAL AkASLULNCL SL1
AGGkADA1ICNAL AkASLULNCL SL1
kL1kCGkADA1ICNAL AkASLULNCL SL1
8aLe of deposluon
8aLe of
Accommodauon
> 1
8aLe of deposluon
8aLe of
Accommodauon
< 1
8aLe of deposluon
8aLe of
Accommodauon
= 1
(van Wagoner eL al, 1990, llg. 10)
!*+,*-$* !&)%& .,"#0"-1 .#/$2!
arasequence: geneucally relaLed beds or bedseLs
bounded by marlne ood surfaces, each ls a cycle
of shallowlng upward facles bounded by surfaces
of abrupL deepenlng (oodlng surfaces). May be
auLocycllc
Can see ln Lhe ouLcrop and core - someLhlng you
can descrlbe and measure.
!*+,*-$* !&)%& .,"#0"-1 .#/$2!
arasequence sets: successlon of geneucally
relaLed" parasequences LhaL form dlsuncuve
sLacklng pauerns, bounded, ln many cases, by
ma[or marlne-oodlng surfaces and Lhelr
correlauve surfaces.
SLacks of parasequences.
!*+,*-$* !&)%& .,"#0"-1 .#/$2!
Sequence = conformable, geneucally relaLed
successlon of sLraLa bounded by unconformlues
or Lhelr correlauve conformlues (MlLchum, 1977)
A sLack of parasequences /
parasequence seLs bounded
by an unconformlLy (Lhe
sequence boundary) or lLs
conformable equlvalenL (a
plane of correlauon).
!*+,*-$* !&)%& .,"#0"-1 .#/$2!
Systems tracts: dened based on Lhelr posluon
!"#$"% Lhe sequence and Lhelr facles wlLh respecL
Lo relauve sea level.
Max|mum ood|ng surface:
surface, real or lnferred LhaL
records Lhe maxlmum
exLenL of marlne drownlng,
separaLes Lransgresslve
unlLs below from regresslve
unlLs above (separaLes 1u
from PSu and condensed
secuon) (also someumes
referred Lo as Lhe downlap
surface), change from
landward-onlapplng and
upbulldlng successlon Lo a
baslnward-progradlng edge
whlch downlaps onLo Lhe
MlS.
!3!&*4 &)%$&!
SS1LMS 1kAC1S
I|ustrated
!3!&*4! &)%$&!
#56789:;
1L-I
(van Wagoner eL al, 1990, llg. 34)
!3!&*4! &)%$&!
#56789:;
1L-I
SLULNCL 8CUNDAk
(van Wagoner eL al, 1990, llg. 34)
!3!&*4! &)%$&!
#56789:;
1L-I
(van Wagoner eL al, 1990, llg. 33)
!3!&*4! &)%$&!
&<9:7=<>77?@>
(van Wagoner eL al, 1990, llg. 36)
!3!&*4! &)%$&!
A?=B789:;
(van Wagoner eL al, 1990, llg. 37)
&A* -*C& !*+,*-$*
Lowstand
wedge
turb|d|te ss
& mudstn
Submar|ne
fan ss & cg|,
base = seq
bndry,
over||es
LSW
(van Wagoner eL al, 1990, llg. 38)
$%)./-%&* !*+,*-$* !&)%&"1)%(A3
SL-24
2
1
3
!*+,*-$* ./,-0%)3 &3(*!
SL-2S
!*+,*-$* ./,-0%)3 &3(*!
SL-26
1ype 1 sequence boundary (S8 1): for she|f-s|ope semng where sea |eve| drops be|ow the she|f-
s|ope break or for a ramp causes uv|a| |nc|s|on of a s|gn|hcant pornon of the ramp surface
Composed of lowsLand, Lransgresslve, and hlghsLand sysLems LracLs bounded beneaLh by
Lype-1 unconformlues and Lhelr correlauve conformlues.
1ype 2 sequence boundary (S8 2): for ramp marg|ns w|thout s|gn|hcant break |n s|ope and
where sea |eve| ;5>7 :58 ;<5D E>F56 8B> 7B>FGH7F5D> E<>9I G5< 7B>FG 7J78>K7L
A more subLle shl ln facles baslnward above whaL would be consldered a hlghsLand
sysLems LracL.
Also resulLs ln unconformlues wlLh less amounLs of eroslon and less baslnward shl ln
facles (l.e., can'L shove everyLhlng o Lhe shelf).
Composed of shelf-margln, Lransgresslve, and hlghsLand sysLems LracLs bounded beneaLh
by Lype-2 unconformlues and Lhelr correlauve conformlues.
Can see Lhese aL Lhe ouLcrop scale - buL besL seen ln selsmlc secuon or when you have enough
daLa Lo consLrucL a deLalled reglonal cross-secuon.
&"4*M ,-$/-N/)4"&"*! O P*")0 &"4*H$)/!! !*$&"/- 0"%1)%4!
#%$,-%
1IML SACL
0"%!&*4!
ke|anve|y short |nterrupnon |n sed|mentanon, on|y br|ef |nterva| of nme w|th ||u|e or no
eros|on before depos|non |s resumed, most bedd|ng p|anes are d|astems.
&A* "-$/4(#*&* )/$2 )*$/)0
$/-&%$&! O ./,-0"-1 !,)N%$*!
WnA1 A8CU1 C1nLk UNI1S?
4
1n
CkDLk AkASLULNCLS
SLULNCL 8CUNDAk (3
rd
Crder)
CCNGLCMLkA1L - LS1
1USCAN SAI, kA2AknS1AN, LCWLk LkMIAN
S
1n
Crder
6
1n
Crder
&A* "-$/4(#*&* )/$2 )*$/)0
$/-&%$&! O ./,-0"-1 !,)N%$*!
M|ss|ng rock at these boundar|es as we|| - m|ss|ng record of nme.
!*+,*-$* ./,-0%)3 Q ,-$/-N/)4"&3
L
A
C
U
N
A

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k
C
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1
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DIS1ANCL
1
I
M
L

nIA1US
(nondepos|non |nterva|)
DLGkADA1ICN
VACUI1
(eroded rock)
U

L
k
S
U
k
I
A
C
L

CCN1INUCUS DLC
(equ|va|ent surface)
SPC8LWA8u 8ASlnWA8u
&"4* !(%$* "- !*+,*-$* !&)%&"1)%(A3
1IML SACL
#%$,-%
&3(* R
&3(* S
&"4* !(%$* "- !*+,*-$* !&)%&"1)%(A3
$3$#* 0)"T*)!
WnA1 CAUSLS 1nLSL CCLLS?
WnICn kCCLSS AkL GLC8AL AND WnICn AkL kLGICNAL]LCCAL?
4
1n
CkDLk AkASLULNCLS
SLULNCL 8CUNDAk (3
rd
Crder)
CCNGLCMLkA1L - LS1
1USCAN SAI, kA2AknS1AN, LCWLk LkMIAN
S
1n
Crder
6
1n
Crder
4UFVDF> DBJ7?W9F O 8>KD5<9F 7W9F>7 Q X
1 cm
1 -4 m 10-100 m
Severa|
100 m
Severa| 100
to severa|
1,000 m
1-S0 m
PA%& 0)"T*! &A* $3$#*! Y !*+,*-$* !&)%&X
$3$#* 0)"T*)!
&B> A?=B N<>ZU>:WJ !?=:9F
100,000 year
glaclal-eusLauc
cycles deLermlned
from oxygen
lsoLoplc daLa.
$3$#* 0)"T*)!
&B> A?=B N<>ZU>:WJ !?=:9F
4?F9:I5@?8WB &B>5<J
4?F9:I5@?8WB &B>5<J
CbllqulLy / 1llL 41
kyr
(wobble)
LccenLrlclLy: 100 kyr (blue) & 400 kyr
(red)
recesslon: 19-24 kyr (wobble)
4?F9:I5@?8WB &B>5<J H *WW>:8<?W?8J
93, 123, 400
kyr
4?F9:I5@?8WB &B>5<J H (<>W>77?5:
CenLer of Lhe LarLh
19 & 23 kyr
LND