Quizlet
-dronates
analogue of, MOA
% of sickle cell traite. Aggregate with what?
4,3-beta-D-glucan_
hypothyroidism
2 factors that contribute to angiogenesis?
2 factors that contribute to angiogenesis?*
asamplettest
28x specific for hyperthyroidism due to
grave's
s-hydroxy-g-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG.
Coa) lyase
yachydroxylase
aghr urinary cortisol and dexmethasone
suppression test screening
6oy female no identifiable cause of
anemia. Cx?
99mm Te-pertechnetate sean
abdominal CT
abnormal midgut rotation around SMA.
‘Abx that causes pancytopenia
Combo with “Uworld” and 3 others
‘Study online at quizLet .con/conbine/4$908121, 45907999, 45907876, 48907750
pyrophsophate (important component of hydroxyapatitie). Make hydroxyapatite more
insol, and dee bone reab by interfering w/ osteoclasts.
‘Tx: osteoporosis, pagets, malig induced hypercalcemia,
Je HDA 60%, HS 40%.
‘nm peripheral smears, indices, retie count and MCHC.
siele w/ Na metabisulfite
‘major polysaecharide component of fungal cell wall
feat: fatigue, weight gain, constipation, slow relaxation of DTR, and dry, coarse skin
‘TSH rise oceurs well before low thyroid hormone level seen=>best marker for Dx
“exception in eases of central hypothyroidism (deficiency in TSH) but eases are rare
VEGF and FGF
VEGF and FGF
compare means of 2 populations: with 2 mean values, variances and sample sizes
‘Then ealeulate the p value.
Inflluative dermopathy (pretibial myxedema) and exophthalmos
Tcell->eytokines>Fibroblast and sec of glyeoasminoglyeans
"TSH R in adipoeytes and fibroblasts
mitochondrial enzyme
responsible for ketogenesis from HMG CoA.
TMG CoA results from degradation of leucine, a strictly ketogenic AA, and also from
synthesis by HIMG CoA synthase
‘an intermediate in the formation of cholesterol
concerts cholesterol toile acids
tests for Cushing syndrome
feats: central obesity, skin striae, rounded facies, deposition of supraclavicular fat, and
proximal weakness
Biadet.
Gastrie atrophy
intrinsie factor deficiency
terminal ileal disease
(dietary far less common).
detects presence of gastrie mucosa
accumulation in the RLQ of the abdomen is Dx of Meckel diverticulum that contains
ectopic gastrie mucosa
useful for detecting calcification of chronic pancreatitis
leads to intestinal malrotation=>intestine fixed by fibrous adhesive bands
can cause to intestinal obstruction
chloramphenicolACE ean cause dec renal filtration fraction
in what pts?
acetylcholine and coronary autoregulation
acetylcholinesterase in amniotie fluid
indicates
achalasia
Acholie stools (no BR pigment) and bone
pain
action of ANP
action of atropine, cimetidine,
lansoprazole, sucralfate, bethanechol,
lansoprazole
Active TB never treated with drug
monotherapy because:
acute adrenal insufficiency
acute appendicitis
acute chest syndromein Sickle cell dz.
Acute effeets of corticasteroidson CBC:
Pts with renal artery stenosis (CAD).
neurotransmitter released from parasympathetic neurons
‘ets on musearinie receptors
inhibitory effects on heart
“nervous input has very litle effect on coronary blood flow
neural tube defect
AFP and ACHE appear ifneurpore doesn't fuse (opening b/w neural tube and
amniotic cavity)
classically present with dysphagia for liquids and difficulty belching in assoe with
dilated esophagus and absent paralysis in smooth musele portion of esophagus
most often congenital disorder
always caused by dystxn of ganglion cells of myenteric plexus
“if'scen in pt from Central or South America suspect infn by Trypanosoma eruzi
chronic cholestatic preoess (primary biliaty eirhosis)
ine peripheral vasodilation, ine urinary exeretion of Na and water.
block parietal cell Mg Ach R
block gastric parietal cell H2 R
Binds ase of mucosal uclers to protect form acid
cholinomimetic muscarinic agonist to treat ileus and urinaty retention.
PPI
fast emergence of mycobacterial antibiotic resistance form rapid, selective gene
mutations,
‘characterized by mineraleorticoid deficieney=hyperkalemia and mild hyperchloremie
acidosis
classically present with periumbilical pain that migrates to RLQ, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, and fever
‘occurs in all age groups with peak incidence in children 6-10
caused by obstruxn of appendicular lumen
“most commonly by fecaliths=>other causes include: hyperplastic lymphoid follicles,
foreign bodies, nematodes, and carcinoids
retained mucus causes appendicular wall to distend=>impairs venous
‘outflow=>hypoxia=>ischemia and assoc bacterial invasion
inflamm and edema of appendicular wall eause further distention
"necrosis of wall with rupture may follow=>peritonitis
ine neutrophil count (from demargination of neutrophils previously attached to vessel
wall)
Dee lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil, and eosinophil countsAcute intermittent porphyrias: d ALA,
and phorphobilinogem responsible for
acute abdominal pain and neurological
Regulated by
acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
acute marginal branches
acute MI and ventricular remodeling
Acute pancreatitis ->panereatic
pseudocyst which consist of:
acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)
acute pyelonephritis,
acute transplant rejection
acute tubular necrosis
Adaptive immune mx that prevents
reinfect w/ influenza virus:
| Addison's disease
Addison's disease
‘doc heme-->ine hepatic ALA synthase-->ine d ALA and porphobilinogen.
Administration of heme relieves symptoms,
predominantly affects children
blast cells positive for CD1o antigen (CALLA) suggest good prognosis
arise from right coronary artery
supplies wall of right ventricle=> provides collateral circulation in pts with LAD
‘eelusion
involves expansion, thinning, and fibrous healing of infareted zone
regional dystkn of infaret causes vol overload for remaining viable
rmyocardium=>hypertrophy of remaining myocardium=>compensation for loss of
contraetile fxn
“net result: dilated ventricular hypertrophy with enlargement of LV cavity
collection of uid rich in enzymes, and infl debris. Walls have granulation tissue, and
fibrosis
(M3 AML subtype
hhave WBCS that produce aberrant protein with affinity for retinoie acid
results from t(15;17) mutation where gene for retinoic receptor alpha (RAR-alpha) is
transferred from e'some 17 to e’some 15 where it fuses with the PML gene=>PML/RAR-
alpha=>abnormal receptor unable to signal for differentiation for myeloid precursors
‘Tx with all-trans-retinoie acd stim differentiation of myeoblasts to mature granulocytes
and induces remission in about 90% of pts with APL.
present with pyuria
‘WBCeasts=>indicate renal origin of pyuria
‘oceurs weeks following transplantation
primarily cell-mediated process
histopathologic analysis: dense mononuclear lymphocyte infiltrate primarily T-
lymphocytes against MHCAg with eardiae myoeyte damage
‘Tx: immunosuppressive drugs
“chronic rejection would show seant inflammatory cells and interstitial fibrosis months
to years after transplantation
characterized by increased serum Cr
anti-hemagglutinin IgG (cireulation)
mucosal anti-hemaglutinin IgA (nasopharyns)
autoimmune condition=>adrenal glands be markedly atrophic
*assoe with diffuse atrophy of adrenal cortex
‘assoc with atrophie adrenal glands