SANS282 - Steel Detailing Code

ISBN 978-0-626-26322-5
SANS 282:2011
Edition 6

SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Bending dimensions and scheduling of steel
reinforcement for concrete

Published by SABS Standards Division
1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001
Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568
www.sabs.co.za
SABS

Copyright protected. Licensed to L. Mngxadi of Goba Consulting Engineers. Single-user licence only; copying and
networking prohibited. Note that only one printout of the standard may be made.
SANS 282:2011
Edition 6

Table of changes
Change No. Date Scope

Foreword

This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 59A, Construction
standards Cement, lime and concrete, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards
Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement.

This document was published in October 2011.

This document supersedes SANS 282:2004 (edition 5.1).

Annex A forms an integral part of this document.

SANS 282:2011
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Contents
Page

Foreword

1 Scope................................................................................................................................. 3

2 Normative references......................................................................................................... 3

3 Definitions .......................................................................................................................... 3

4 Bending dimensions........................................................................................................... 4
4.1 General .................................................................................................................... 4
4.2 Scheduling............................................................................................................... 15

5 Bar and fabric schedules.................................................................................................... 21
5.1 General .................................................................................................................... 21
5.2 Title block ................................................................................................................ 22
5.3 Bar and fabric marks................................................................................................ 22
5.4 Type and size .......................................................................................................... 23
5.5 Bending schedule .................................................................................................... 23
5.6 Bending of fabric reinforcement ............................................................................... 23
5.7 Cutting length........................................................................................................... 24

6 Bar or fabric label ............................................................................................................... 24

7 Manufacturing and routine inspection................................................................................. 24

8 Quality evaluation............................................................................................................... 25

Annex A (normative) Summary of shape codes ................................................................. 26

Bibliography........................................................................................................................... 27

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Bending dimensions and scheduling of steel reinforcement
for concrete

1 Scope

This standard specifies bending dimensions, the methods of measuring bending dimensions and
the scheduling of steel bars that are used for the reinforcement of concrete.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Information on currently valid national
and international standards can be obtained from the SABS Standards Division.

SANS 920, Steel bars for concrete reinforcement.

SANS 1024, Welded steel fabric for reinforcement of concrete.

3 Definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply.

3.1
bend
end portion of a bar, bent through 90 with respect to the adjacent portion of the bar and comprising
a length n as shown in figures 2 and 3

3.2
bending schedule
list in which the nominal sizes, types of steel, cutting lengths, bending shapes and dimensions of
bars are given

NOTE Throughout this standard, the diameter of a reinforcing bar is indicated as d and the standard radius
of bending of such bar as "r".

3.3
calculated length
calculated length of a bar, measured along its centre line

NOTE Approximate values determined from the formulae given in table 1 are acceptable.
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3.4
corner
change of direction in a bar other than a bend or hook

3.5
cutting length
total length (subject to a tolerance of 25 mm) specified in the schedule for each bar or for wires in
each sheet of fabric, rounded up to the nearest 50 mm

3.6
hook
end portion of a bar, bent through 180 with respect to the adjacent portion of the bar and
comprising a length h as shown in figures 2 and 3

3.7
run-off leg
portion of a bar which is undimensioned and the dimension of which may deviate from the intended
dimension, as explained in 4.2.1.4

4 Bending dimensions

4.1 General

4.1.1 Unless otherwise stated in a bending schedule, all dimensions given in the schedule shall be
measured as shown in table 1 (i.e. shall be the external (outer) dimensions of the bends as shown
in figure 1(b) and figure 1(c)). For deformed reinforcement, the extremities of the deformation shall
be taken as forming the outside surface.
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Table 1 Measurement of bending dimensions

1 2 3 4
Shape
code
Method of measurement
of bending dimensions
Calculated length
a

(measured along
centre line)
Information (sketch and
dimensions) to be given in
bending schedule
20

A

Straight
36

(A + C + E)
+ 0,57 (B + D)
- 3,14d

If B or D > 400 + 2d,
see note 1 of 4.2.5

37

A + B - r - d

If r is non-standard, use
shape code 51

38

A + B + C - r - 2d

A + B + C - r - 2d

39

A + 0,57 B + C
- 1,57d

If B > 400 + 2d,
see note 1 of 4.2.5.

Where so desired, the standard radius r for corners may be increased, but shall not apply to end anchorages
denoted by h or n. See 4.2.3.1.
NOTE 1 r indicates the minimum values in figures 2 and 3.
NOTE 2 The dimensionless sections of the bars are the run-off legs.
NOTE 3 Ensure that dimension B is greater than 14d for smooth mild steel and greater than 18d for
deformed steel.
NOTE 4 The length formula is approximate and when bending angles exceed 45, the length should be
calculated more accurately allowing for the difference between the specified overall dimensions and the true
length measured along the centre line of the bar or wire.
a
These lengths are approximate and generally involve a slight positive difference from the exact
mathematical expressions.
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Table 1 (continued)

1 2 3 4
Shape
code
Calculated length
a

(measured along
centre line)
bending schedule
41

If angle with horizontal is 45
or less

A + B + C

otherwise see note 4

42

or less

A + B + C + n


43

or less

A + 2B + C + E


45

or less

A + B + C - r - d


48

or less

A + B + C


deformed steel.
a
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1 2 3 4
Shape
code
Calculated length
a

(measured along
centre line)
bending schedule
49

or less

A + B + C


51

A + B - 0,43 R - 1,21d

If R is standard, use shape
code 37

If R > 200 mm

See note 1 to 4.2.5

52
A + B + C + D -
3
/2 r - 3d

53
A + B + C + D + E
-2r - 4d

deformed steel.
a
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Table 1 (continued)

1 2 3 4
Shape
code
Calculated length
a

(measured along
centre line)
dimensions) to be gi ven in
bending schedule
54

A + B + C - r - 2d

55
A + B + C + D + E
-2r - 4d

60

2A + 2B + 2n - 3r/2 - 3d

deformed steel.
a
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Table 1 (continued)

1 2 3 4
Shape
code
Calculated length
a

(measured along
centre line)
bending schedule
62
or less

A + C


65

A

72

2A + B + 2h - r - 2d

See note 3

73

2A + B + C + n - 3r/2 - 3d

NOTE 3 Ensure that dimension B is greater than 14d for smooth mild steel and greater than 18d for deformed
steel.
a

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Table 1 (continued)

1 2 3 4
Shape
code
Calculated length
a

(measured along
centre line)
bending schedule
74

2A + 3B + 2n - 2r - 4d

75

A + B + C +2D + E + n - 5
r/2 - 5d

81

2A + r + d + 2h

For larger radii, see 4.2.5,
note to table 5 and refer to
shape code 99

83

A + 2B + C + D - 2r - 4d

deformed steel.
a

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Table 1 (concluded)

1 2 3 4
Shape
code
Calculated length
a

(measured along
centre line)
bending schedule
85

A + B + 0,57C + D
- r - 2,57d

If C is greater than
400 + 2d, see 4.2.5

86

X
2
B
2
d) (A
B
C
+ +

Where X = 2 (A-d) and B
does not exceed A/5 or
150 mm,
whichever is the least.

There shall be at least two
full turns in the helix.

Where an additional turn is
required at the helix' end(s), it
shall be treated as a shape
code 99.
99 All other shape codes

Provide either a dimensioned
sketch or a referenced sketch
with dimensions A, B, C, D, E/R
shown in the schedule

The dimension that is to allow for
the permissible deviation shall
be indicated, as shown in the
relevant cases in column 4 of
this table.

deformed steel.
a

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a) Slope of cranked bars

b) Dimensions of cranked bars

c) External dimensions of bent bars

Figure 1 Cranked and bent bars

4.1.2 Dimensioning reinforcement that requires special end preparation shall be consistent with the
method of dimensioning for the reinforcement schedule.

4.1.3 The individual dimensions of a bar specified in a bending schedule shall be subject to the
tolerances given in table 2.

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Table 2 Cutting and bending tolerances

Dimensions in millimetres
1 2 3
Method of forming Length Tolerance
Cutting Straight lengths
(including reinforcement
for subsequent bending)
25
1 000 mm 5
> 1 000 to 2 000 mm +5
-10
Bending
> 2 000 mm +5
-25

4.1.4 The dimensions for the scheduling of reinforcement bounded by concrete faces shall allow
for the appropriate tolerances shown in table 2, plus the tolerances allowed for formwork and
concrete cover to reinforcing bars.

4.1.5 To facilitate packing for transportation, each bent bar shall fit inside an imaginary rectangle,
of size 18 m 2,2 m.

NOTE 1 Normally the length of a bar should not exceed 13 m, although longer lengths can be obtained by
special agreement with the supplier.

NOTE 2 Certain bar types are supplied in coils. For helical bars (shape code 86 in table 1), check with the
manufacturer as to which steel is available in roll form, i.e. in lengths considerably in excess of 13 m.

4.1.6 The standard values for minimum radii, bend and hook allowances (r, n and h respectively,
as given in figures 2 and 3) shall apply to all shape codes, as applicable. If larger values are
required, then the bar shall be treated as a "non-standard" bar (code 99) in accordance with 4.2.1.2.
Where a non-standard radius is specified (for example, shape codes 51 and 65), it shall be not less
than r.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Nominal size of bar d
Hook allowance h
Bend allowance n
Radius r
6
a

100
100
12
8
100
100
16
10
120
100
20
12
120
100
24
16
160
100
32
20
200
120
40
25
260
160
50
32
320
200
64
40
400
240
80
a
Non-preferred.

Figure 2 Minimum hook, bend and radius allowances for
hot-rolled mild steel bars that comply with SANS 920
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Nominal size of bar d
Hook allowance h
Bend allowance n
Radius r
6
a

100
100
18
8
a

100
100
24
10
120
100
30
12
160
100
36
16
200
120
48
20
240
140
60
25
300
180
75
32
400
220
96
40
480
260
120
a
Non-preferred.

Figure 3 Minimum hook, bend and radius allowances for high yield stress steel bars and
cold-worked steel bars that comply with SANS 920

4.2 Scheduling

4.2.1 General

4.2.1.1 Each bar or sheet of fabric shall be scheduled completely and without reference to earlier
schedules.

4.2.1.2 The preferred shape codes are given in table 1 (see also annex A). Shapes that do not
have a specific shape code number as given in table 1 shall be coded "99" (see table 1).

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4.2.1.3 If coded as 99, the sketch shall be fully dimensioned or reference dimensioned in
accordance with table 3, its dimensions being shown in the appropriate columns headed A, B, C, D
and E/r of the schedule.

4.2.1.4 For all shapes, the dimension of the run-off leg (see column 4 of table 1), shall be allowed
to deviate from its intended length by the sum of all tolerances.

4.2.1.5 No dimension given in table 1 shall be given a zero value, as this will change the basic
shape.


Table 3 Example of a bar schedule
a

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Member Reinforcing
Bending, dimensions for shape codes (SANS 282)
in multiples of 10 mm
Fixing and non-standard bending details
Mark,
size and
No. of
No.
in
each
Type
and
diameter
Bar
mark
Total
No.
Length
b

mm
Shape
code
A
c

mm
B
c

mm
C
c

mm
D
c

mm
E
c
or r
c
mm

Masses
Diameter 8 10 12 16 20 25 32 40
Drawing ref: Project
M.S
H.T
Section
Total
Drawn Checked Date
Schedule No.: Rev:
R = Mild steel (250 MPa) to SANS 920
Y = High tensile (450 MPa) to SANS 920
a
This schedule complies with this standard.

b
Cutting length in multiples of 50 mm.
c
Bending dimensions in multiples of 10 mm.

1
7
S
A
N
S

2
8
2
:
2
0
1
1
E
d
i
t
i
o
n

6
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4.2.2 Hooks and bends

4.2.2.1 Unless otherwise stated in a bending schedule, the proportions and dimensions of the
hooks and bends shown in column 4 of table 1 shall conform to the appropriate values given in
figures 2 or 3, as relevant, subject to variations as may follow from tolerances in other portions of
the bar.

4.2.2.2 For all shapes with two or more bends in the same or opposite directions (whether in the
same plane or not), the overall dimension given in the schedule shall always include a minimum
straight length between the curved portion of the bends, as shown in figure 4. The value of this
straight portion shall be not less than the following (see SANS 920):

a) 4d for material with characteristic strength of 250 MPa;

b) 4d for material with characteristic strength of 450 MPa and not exceeding 20 mm diameter; and

c) 6d for material with characteristic strength of 450 MPa.

Figure 4 Example of bar with more than one bend

4.2.2.3 The overall off-set dimension of a crank shall be not less than twice the diameter of a circle
that circumscribes the bar or the wire. The angled length, as shown in figure 1, shall be not less
than the following:

a) 10d for material with a characteristic strength of 250 MPa;

b) 12d for material with a characteristic strength of 450 MPa and not exceeding 20 mm diameter;
and

c) 14d for material with a characteristic strength of 450 MPa and exceeding 20 mm diameter.

4.2.2.4 The length of material to be used in the determination of the calculated length to form a
bend or hook shall be as given for n or h in figures 2 and 3.

4.2.3 Radii of bends

4.2.3.1 The internal radius of a bend, hook or corner of a bar (where the radius is not specified as r
as in table 4 or can be determined from dimensions) should be twice the nominal size of the bar, in
the case of hot-rolled mild steel bars, and three times the size of the bar, in the case of high yield
stress steel bars and cold-worked steel bars (see figures 2 and 3). Where so desired, the radius for
corners may be increased. This change shall be indicated as shape code 99.
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4.2.3.2 The internal radius of corners marked with a radius r or where the radius can be determined
from a dimension, shall be not less than the radius as specified in 4.2.3.1.

4.2.3.3 Corners in non-standard bars shall comply with 4.2.3.1 or 4.2.3.2, as applicable.


Table 4 Example of a fabric schedule (non-standard sheets)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Reference or sheet details Special details or bending dimensions
Overhangs
a

Fabric
mark
No.
of
sheets
No.
of
wires/
sheet

Total
no. of
wires
Type and
diameter of
wire
Pitch

mm
Length

mm
O1
O3
O2
O4
Sheet
length
L
b

mm
Sheet
width
B
b

mm
Shape
code
Bending details

A
c

mm
B
c

mm
C
c

mm
D
c

mm
E
c
or r
c

mm
02 12 20 240 Y10 100 6600 300 300 6600 38 150 6300
25 300 Y08 250 2450 25 50 2450 20

Masses
Diameter 6 8 10 12
Drawing Ref: Project
M.S Section
H.T 290 977
Total 290 977

Drawn Checked Date
Schedule No.: Rev:
R = Mild steel (250 MPa) to SANS 920
Y = High tensile (450 MPa) to SANS 920
Z = Cold drawn wire rod (458 MPa)
a
See SANS 1024.
b
Specified in multiples of 25 mm.
c
Specified in multiples of 5 mm.

2
0

S
A
N
S

2
8
2
:
2
0
1
1

E
d
i
t
i
o
n

6

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4.2.4 Angles

4.2.4.1 Unless otherwise stated in a bending schedule, the angle formed at a bend shall be a right
angle.

4.2.4.2 In the case of an angle of a corner that is not a right angle,

a) if the overall height is critical, the angle shall be defined by a slope length and an offset, as
shown in figure 1(b), and

b) if the slope is critical, the angle shall be defined by the length of the slope and the rise, as shown
in figure 1(a).

4.2.5 Curved bars

A bar that has to be formed to a radius less than or equal to the appropriate value given in table 5,
shall be bent to the required curvature before being placed in its final position. Reinforcement to be
formed to a radius exceeding that given in table 5, shall be supplied straight and the required
curvature can be obtained during placing.

NOTE 1 For shapes with straight and curved lengths (for example, shape codes 39, 51, 81 and 85 in table 1),
the largest practical radius for the production of the continuous curve is 200 mm (this value should be checked
with the bending yard concerned) and for larger radii the curve may be produced by a series of short straight
sections.

NOTE 2 A section of up to 300 mm at each end of a bar cannot be radiused. If necessary, the cutting length
should make allowance for these lengths to be removed from the radiused portion.

Table 5 Maximum bending radius

1 2
Nominal size of bar

mm
Critical radius

m
8
10
12
2,5
3
3,5
16
20
25
5
7
17
32 43
NOTE If a larger radius is required, the bar should
be supplied as a straight bar and the required radius
can be obtained during placing (see also notes to
4.2.5)

5 Bar and fabric schedules

5.1 General

NOTE The purpose of the provisions given in this clause is to obtain uniformity in the compilation of bar and
fabric schedules. The implementation of these provisions should lead not only to easier interpretation of
working drawings but also to simplification of the preparation of a bending and cutting list.

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5.1.1 The bar and fabric schedules shall be separate and shall be drawn up as shown in tables 3
and 4, respectively. Individual schedules shall be done on A4 sheets, but larger sheets of the A
series may be used in such a way that the schedules can be cut or folded to a nominal A4 size. For
simple structural components such as beams, columns and rectangular column bases (but not only
them), the assembly drawing of the component may be included on the same sheet as the
schedule. Such drawings may be produced on A3 sheets on which the width of the schedule should
be confined to the nominal width of an A4 sheet.

5.1.2 All hooks, bends and corner radii of bars shown in figures 2 and 3 shall be deemed to be
standard values and are not reflected in dimensions in the schedule. For non-standard bars,
dimensions of standard hooks, bends and corner radii may be omitted and where so omitted they
shall be deemed to be standard values.

NOTE For computer produced schedules, the column widths and the size of the schedule may vary from
those shown in figure 2 and 3, but the sequence of columns should be maintained. The schedule should not be
significantly larger than size A4.

5.1.3 The bar or fabric schedules shall include the statement "This schedule complies with
SANS 282".

5.2 Title block

The title block shall appear either at the top or at the bottom of the schedule. The following
information shall be displayed in the title block:

a) the name of the project;

b) the number of the project;

c) the component type and the location (which shall appear in the title block or elsewhere in the
schedule);

d) a cross reference to a layout drawing number;

e) the schedule number with an optional revision number. This should appear close to the right-
hand edge of the schedule. If the revision number does not form part of the schedule number,
then the revision number shall be shown separately but adjacent to the schedule number;

f) the name of the organization responsible for the design of the project;

g) the date the schedule was prepared;

h) the signatures or printed initials of the engineer and the checker; and

i) such other information as the design organization deems necessary for the adequate control and
administration of the project.

NOTE Where a revision of the schedule is necessary, the line or lines affected may be indicated by a suitable
reference on the schedule.

5.3 Bar and fabric marks

The bar mark given in column 3 of table 3 and the fabric mark given in column 1 of table 4 shall
consist of the identifying numbers or letters (or both), that shall also be displayed on a label (see
clause 6), which shall be attached to the bars or to the fabric. Bar and fabric marks should consist of
a range of consecutive numbers/letters, and no mark should consist of more than three characters.
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The numbers should be taken from the range 01 to 99 and the letters should be taken from the
range A to YY. Where such ranges are inadequate, use either

a) a combination of letters taken from the range A to YY, followed by a single-digit number, or

b) a combination of numbers taken from the range 01 to 99, preceded or followed by a letter.

Combinations starting with "E" shall be reserved for bar marks where special end preparation is
required (for example, couplers).

5.4 Type and size

In the "type and diameter" column, the types of steel and the nominal sizes of bars (given in
SANS 920), shall be indicated in abbreviated (symbol) form, as follows:

a) symbols

R denotes plain round mild steel bars, of strength 250 MPa;

Y denotes high yield deformed steel bars, of strength 450 MPa; and

Z denotes types of steel not covered by R or Y;

b) sizes: The size of the bar is given after the symbol and indicates the nominal diameter of the bar
in millimetres.

NOTE Where possible, mesh may not be listed on the same schedule as bar reinforcement.

5.5 Bending schedule

5.5.1 The bending dimensions given in table 3 and table 4 should be multiples of 5 mm, and due
regard should be given to the applicable requirements and bending tolerances in table 2.

5.5.2 Shapes of shape code 99 shall be shown in sufficient detail (see annex A) to facilitate cutting
and bending, or they shall be supported by a dimensioned sketch. The method for the measurement
of dimensions in table 4 shall be used. The total length shall be given, and unless there is an end
anchorage bend or hook, one bending dimension, preferably an end dimension, shall be indicated
as the free dimension, to allow for permissible deviations. The r, n and h values, if different from the
values given in figure 2 and figure 3, shall be given in the schedule. The tolerances in table 2 also
apply to shape code 99.

5.6 Bending of fabric reinforcement

5.6.1 The sketch in column 13 of table 4 shall indicate the following:

a) the direction of bending relative to the transverse wires (see figure 5(a));

a) Position of transverse wires
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b) the direction of the longitudinal wires of the sheet, to ensure bending about the correct axis (see
figure 5(b));

b) Indication of longitudinal wires

c) the correct orientation of an asymmetric sheet, to ensure the correct setting out of bending
dimensions (see figure 5(c)).

c) Orientation of an asymmetric sheet

Figure 5 Positions of fabric reinforcement

5.6.2 For all bent fabric reinforcement, the bending dimensions shall not be indicated at positions
near welded transverse wires that occur within four diameters of the start of a bend (see figure 6).

Figure 6 Position of welded transverse wires

5.7 Cutting length

The length of a bar shall be the cutting length as defined in 3.5.

6 Bar or fabric label

The bar or fabric label shall contain sufficient information to identify the bar or fabric in terms of the
relevant schedule.

7 Manufacturing and routine inspection

7.1 Purpose-made shearing equipment shall be used for cutting bars to length. The tolerances
given in table 2 shall apply to each length.
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7.2 Bending shall be carried out on power bending machines. Plain smooth surfaces or rolls that
do not offer resistance to longitudinal movement of the bars or fabric being bent shall be provided to
ensure adequate support. The diameter of formers that are used in bending bends and hooks in
accordance with figure 2 and figure 3 shall be such that bends and hooks will be provided of the
radii given in figure 2 and figure 3, subject to the appropriate tolerances.

7.3 The manufacturer shall ensure that cutting and bending machine operators are trained in the
skills necessary to produce cut and bent products of dimensions within the permissible size
deviations and of consistent quality. A formal operative approval and testing system shall be
implemented and operators shall have been certified by the manufacturer as having achieved the
minimum standards of competence.

8 Quality evaluation

Quality evaluation shall be carried out in accordance with SANS 920 in the case of steel bars and in
accordance with SANS 1024 in the case of steel fabric.
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Annex A
(normative)

Summary of shape codes

Table A.1 gives a summary of shape codes.

Table A1 Shape codes

SANS 282:2011
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NOTE 1 Use shape code 99 for all other shapes. A dimensioned sketch of the shape shall be given in the
bending schedule.

NOTE 2 Radii of all bends are standard unless r is given in the bending schedule.

NOTE 3 All dimensions are external (outside) dimensions.

Bibliography

SANS 10144 (SABS 0144), Detailing of steel reinforcement for concrete.

SABS

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South African National Standards are also available online from the SABS website
http://www.sabs.co.za

Information on Standards

The Standards Information Centre provides a wide range of standards-related information on both
national and international standards, and is the official WTO/TBT enquiry point for South Africa. The
Centre also offers an individual updating service called INFOPLUS, which ensures that subscribers
automatically receive notification regarding amendments to, and revisions of, international
standards.
Tel: +27 (0) 12 428 6666 Fax: +27 (0) 12 428 6928 E-mail: info@sabs.co.za

Copyright

The copyright in a South African National Standard or any other publication published by the SABS
Standards Division vests in the SABS. Unless exemption has been granted, no extract may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior
written permission from the SABS Standards Division. This does not preclude the free use, in the
course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade
designations. If these details are to be used for any purpose other than implementation, prior written
permission must be obtained.

Details and advice can be obtained from the Senior Manager.
Tel: +27 (0) 12 428 6666 Fax: +27 (0) 12 428 6928 E-mail: info@sabs.co.za


SANS282 - Steel Detailing Code

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SANS282 - Steel Detailing Code

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ISBN 978-0-626-26322-5

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