Incorporating NES 729 Category 2 Issue 2 Publication Date November 1991 Requirements For Non-Destructive Examination Methods Part 1 Radiographic AMENDMENT RECORD Amd No Date Text Affected Signature and Date REVISION NOTE This standard is raised to Issue 1 to update its content. HISTORICAL RECORD This standard supersedes the following: Naval Engineering Standard (NES) 729 Part 1 Issue 2 dated November 1991. Ministry of Defence Naval Engineering Standard NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) November 1991 REQUIREMENTS FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION METHODS PART 1 RADIOGRAPHIC This NES Supersedes NES 729 PART 1 ISSUE 1 Record of Amendments AMDT INSERTED BY DATE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 i NAVAL ENGINEERING STANDARD 729 REQUIREMENTS FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION METHODS PART 1 ISSUE 2 (REFORMATTED) RADIOGRAPHIC The issue and use of this Standard is authorized for use in MOD contracts by MOD(PE) Sea Systems and the Naval Support Command ECROWN COPYRIGHT Published by: Director of Naval Architecture Procurement Executive, Ministry of Defence Sea Systems, Foxhill, Bath BA1 5AB ii NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) iii SCOPE 1. This part of NES 729 covers the minimum requirements for the radiographic examination method used to detect internal discontinuities in welded joints and metallic materials including casting, pipes and fabrication. 2. The NES applies to all items for which specifications, standards, drawings, or refit/repair instructions require radiographic examination, by x-ray or gamma-ray techniques. 3. The NES also covers the Quality Assessment of Examining Authorities who perform radiographic examination. 4. The extent to which radiographic examination is required is not included herein but will be found in the relevant Contract Documents. 5. It does not contain acceptance criteria for defects. 6. The NES does not apply to the examination of nuclear plant and machinery. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) iv NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) v FOREWORD Sponsorship 1. This Naval Engineering Standard (NES) is sponsored by the Procurement Executive, Ministry of Defence, Director Naval Architecture (Submarines) (DNA(SM)), Section NA 133. 2. It is to be applied as required by any Procurement Executive, Ministry of Defence contract for the non-destructive examination of metals and is applicable to Surface Ships and Submarines. 3. This NES comprises: Requirements for Non-destructive Examination Methods thus Part 1 Radiographic Part 2 Magnetic Particle Part 3 Eddy Current Part 4 Liquid Penetrant Part 5 Ultrasonic 4. If it is found to be technically unsuitable for any particular requirement the Sponsor is to be informed in writing of the circumstances with a copy to Director Naval Architecture Surface Ships (DNA(SS)), NA 145. 5. Any user of this NES either within MOD or in industry may propose an amendment to it. Proposals for amendments which are: a. not directly applicable to a particular contract are to be made to the Sponsor of the NES; b. directly applicable to a particular contract are to be dealt with using existing departmental procedures or as specified in the contract. 6. No alteration is to be made to this NES except by the issue of an authorized amendment. 7. Unless otherwise stated, reference in this NES to approval, approved, authorized or similar terms, means by the Procurement Executive, Ministry of Defence. 8. Any significant amendments that may be made to this NES at a later date will be indicated by a vertical sideline. Deletions will be indicated by 000 appearing at the end of the line interval. 9. This NES has been reissued to reflect the changes in nomenclature and technical requirements in line with current policy. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) vi Conditions of Release General 10. This Naval Engineering Standard (NES) has been prepared for the use of the Crown and of its contractors in the execution of contracts for the Crown. The Crown hereby excludes all liability (other than liability for death or personal injury) whatsoever and howsoever arising (including but without limitation, negligence on the part of the Crown, its servants or agents) for any loss or damage however caused where the NES is used for any other purpose. 11. This document is Crown Copyright and the information herein may be subject to Crown or third party rights. It is not to be released, reproduced or published without writtenpermission of the MOD. 12. The Crown reserves the right to amend or modify the contents of this NES without consulting or informing any holder. MOD Tender or Contract Process 13. This NES is the property of the Crown and unless otherwise authorized in writing by the MOD must be returned on completion of the contract, or submission of the tender, in connection with which it is issued. 14. When this NES is used in connection witha MODtender or contract, the user is to ensure that he is in possession of the appropriate version of each document, including related documents, relevant to each particular tender or contract. Enquiries in this connection may be made of the local MOD(PE) Quality Assurance Representative or the Authority named in the tender or contract. 15. When NES are incorporated into MOD contracts, users are responsible for their correct application and for complying with contracts and any other statutory requirements. Compliance with an NES does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Related Documents 16. In the tender and procurement processes the related documents listed in each section and Annex A can be obtained as follows: a. British Standards British Standards Institution, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL b. Defence Standards Directorate of Standardization and Safety Policy, Stan 1, Kentigern House, 65 Brown Street, Glasgow G2 8EX c. Naval Engineering Standards CSE3a, CSE Llangennech, Llanelli, Dyfed SA14 8YP d. Other documents Tender or Contract Sponsor to advise. Note: Tender or Contract Sponsor can advise in cases of difficulty. 17. All applications to Ministry Establishments for related documents are to quote the relevant MOD Invitation to Tender or Contract Number and date, together with the sponsoring Directorate and the Tender or Contract Sponsor. 18. Prime Contractors are responsible for supplying their subcontractors with relevant documentation, including specifications, standards and drawings. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) vii Health and Safety Warning 19. This NES may call for the use of processes, substances and/or procedures that may be injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken. It refers only to technical suitability and in no way absolves either the supplier or the user from statutory obligations relating to health and safety at any stage of manufacture or use. Where attention is drawn to hazards, those quoted may not necessarily be exhaustive. Safety 20. Radiographic exposures are to be made under protected conditions in accordance with statutory requirements. 21. All equipment involving the use of main electrical supply is to conform to the relevant statutory requirements and safety regulations. 22. All examinations referred to in this NES are to be carried out with due regard to applicable statutory requirements, safety regulations and Codes of Practice. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) viii NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) ix CONTENTS Page No TITLE PAGE i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SCOPE iii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FOREWORD v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sponsorship v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conditions of Release vi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General vi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MOD Tender or Contract Process vi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Related Documents vi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health and Safety vii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Warning vii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Safety vii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CONTENTS ix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECTION 1. ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS 1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECTION 2. INSPECTION 2.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECTION 3. APPROVAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Personnel Qualification 3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Radiographic Procedures 3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TABLE 3.1 MATERIAL GROUPING FOR RADIOGRAPHIC PROCEDURES 3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Radiographic Equipment Qualification 3.3 . . . . . . . . . . FIGURE 3.1 TYPICAL STANDARD RADIOGRAPHIC REPORT 3.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FIGURE 3.2 MINIMUM FOCUS OR SOURCE-TO-FILM DISTANCE v EFFECTIVE SOURCE SIZE 3.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FIGURE 3.3 RECOMMENDED X-RAY VOLTAGES AND RADIO-ISOTOPE SOURCES FOR USE WITH VARIOUS STEELS AND SIMILAR ALLOYS 2% SENSITIVITY LEVEL 3.6 . . FIGURE 3.4 RECOMMENDED X-RAY VOLTAGES AND RADIO-ISOTOPE SOURCES FOR USE WITH COPPER BASE AND SIMILAR ALLOYS 2% SENSITIVITY LEVEL 3.7 . . SECTION 4. SURFACE PREPARATION 4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECTION 5. RADIATION SOURCES 5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1 Thickness Limitations 5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Source Dimensions 5.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) x SECTION 6. PRODUCTION RADIOGRAPHY 6.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.1 Direction of Radiation 6.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.2 Image Quality Level 6.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.3 Screens and Filters 6.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.4 Film 6.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5 Film Quality 6.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FIGURE 6.1 SELECTION OF IQI WIRE NUMBER FOR PERCENTAGE SENSITIVITY: WIRE TYPE BS 3971 6.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FIGURE 6.2 SELECTION OF IQI WIRE NUMBER FOR PERCENTAGE SENSITIVITY: WIRE TYPEDIN 54109 6.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TABLE 6.1 SCREENS AND FILTERS 6.4 . . . . . . . . . . 6.6 Cassettes 6.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.7 Film Density 6.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.8 Multiple-Film Technique 6.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.9 Filmless Techniques 6.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.10 Focus/Source to Film Distance 6.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TABLE 6.2 SOURCE-TO-FILM DISTANCE FOR THE RADIOGRAPHY OF PIPE WELDS USING GAMMA RAYS AND DOUBLE-WALL DOUBLE-IMAGE TECHNIQUE 6.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.11 Diagnostic Film Length 6.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.12 Radiograph Location Markers 6.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.13 Film Identification 6.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECTION 7. STORAGE OF RADIOGRAPHS AND RADIOGRAPHIC RECORDS 7.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECTION 8. DARKROOM FACILITIES 8.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECTION 9. FILM VIEWING FACILITIES 9.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECTION 10. INTERPRETATION OF RADIOGRAPHS 10.1 . . . . . . . FIGURE 10.1 METHOD OF MARKING WELDS FOR RADIOGRAPHY 10.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECTION 11. IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS 11.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 General 11.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 IQI Materials 11.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.3 Wire Type IQI DIN 54109 11.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.4 Wire Type IQI BS 3971 11.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.5 IQI Identification 11.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECTION 12. IQI LOCATION 12.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TABLE 12.1 IQI LOCATION FOR CIRCUMFERENTIAL WELDS 12.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECTION 13. RADIOGRAPHY OF PIPE WELDS 13.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.1 Single-Wall Technique 13.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 Double-Wall Single-Image Technique 13.1 . . . . . . . . . . . 13.3 Double-Wall Double-Image Technique 13.1 . . . . . . . . . . . NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) xi SECTION 14. WELDS WITH OVERLAY CLADDING 14.1 . . . . . . . . SECTION 15. SIMULTANEOUS EXPOSURES 15.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECTION 16. RADIOGRAPHY OF SMALL PARTS 16.1 . . . . . . . . . . SECTION 17. RADIOGRAPHY OF REPAIR WELDS 17.1 . . . . . . . . . SECTION 18. RADIOGRAPHY OF CASTINGS 18.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.1 Techniques 18.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.2 Technique Shot Films 18.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ANNEX A. RELATED DOCUMENTS A.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ANNEX B. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS B.1 . . . . . . . . ANNEX C. PROCUREMENT CHECK LIST C.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ALPHABETICAL INDEX NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) xii NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 1.1 1. ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS a. The standards for acceptance of defect indications detected by radiographic examination are to be specified in the Contract; where not specified therein, DG Ships/G/10000B or NES 745 Parts 1 and 2 is to apply as appropriate. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 1.2 NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 2.1 2. INSPECTION a. It is not the intent of this part of NES 729 to exclude proven radiographic inspection procedures which can be demonstrated to meet the quality requirements. However prior MOD(PE) approval is to be obtained before such procedures are used. b. Unless otherwise specified in the Contract, acceptance radiography is to be performed after final heat treatment. c. The material thickness at final acceptance radiography is not to exceed the finished thickness of the section under examination by more than 20% or 6mm whichever is the greater. d. The extent of radiographic examination is to be included in the Contract detailed in SCOPE 4. and is to include the number of areas and items to be radiographed, the stage in fabrication when this is to be performed (if different from that stated in Clause 2.b.), the quality level of inspection and the acceptance standard to be applied. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 2.2 NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 3.1 3. APPROVAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Personnel Qualification a. The Examining Authority is to ensure that all personnel associated with radiographic examination have been trained and certificated to the levels appropriate to their responsibilities. This certification is to relate to a National or International accreditation scheme, eg Personnel Certification in Non-Destructive Testing (PCN). b. A register of approved personnel shall be kept by the Examining Authority. 3.2 Radiographic Procedures a. MOD(PE) approval of radiographic procedures is to be obtained prior to radiographic examination of production items. Radiographic and film processing procedures are to form a part of the standard procedure approval. b. Separate procedures are to cover the requirements for the radiographic examination of structural welding, castings, forgings and pipe welds. c. The relevant contract documents are to define the extent of the radiographic examination and the appropriate acceptance standards to be applied. d. Inspections to radiographic procedures are to be carried out by approved personnel qualified in accordance with Clause 3.1a. e. Materials are to be grouped in accordance with TABLE 3.1. For materials having substantially different radiographic absorption characteristics from those in Groups 1, 2 and 3 (see TABLE 3.1) procedure approval is to be related to reference samples simulating production requirements. GROUP NO TYPICAL METALS/ALLOYS 1 Carbon: low alloy, high alloy steels, including stainless steels: nickel chromium iron alloys; nickel aluminium bronze 2 Copper; copper nickel alloys; gun metal; nickel copper alloys 3 Light metals; eg aluminium, magnesium, titanium alloys TABLE 3.1 MATERIAL GROUPING FOR RADIOGRAPHIC PROCEDURES f. Radiographic procedures are to reference all relevant documents, specifications and acceptance standards. The procedures are to be recorded and maintained by the Examining Authority for audit purposes. g. Radiographic procedures are to cover all pre-requisites and technical requirements associated with the relevant application and are to contain specific guidance information including the following: (1) type of production item, eg welds, castings etc; (2) material group; (3) material; (4) method of marking radiographic and production items; (5) x-ray equipment information: (a) focal spot size, (b) tube voltage (expressed as kV), (c) tube current (expressed as mA); NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 3.2 (6) isotope information: (a) type of isotope; (b) source dimensions; (7) type of film cassettes and type of film; (8) type and thickness of intensifying screens; (9) type of IQI, location and required film sensitivity; (10) object to film distance FSD or FFD; (11) radiation direction and film disposition; (12) film image density; (13) film processing technique; (14) film viewing facilities. A suitable format for radiographic report is shown in FIGURE 3.1. h. The radiographic procedure is to be reapproved in accordance with Clauses 3.2a.!3.2i. when: (1) the MOD(PE) has reason to believe that the Examining Authority cannot meet the required radiographic quality levels in production radiography using the previously approved procedure; (2) an isotope of larger physical size, or X-ray tube of larger focal spot size, than that used in the approved procedure is to be used, unless the source-to-film distance (SFD) or focus-to-film distance (FFD) is maintained within the limits of FIGURE 3.2; (3) there is a change in the type of isotope source used; (4) there is a change in the type of X-ray equipment used; (5) the X-ray equipment voltage is greater than that used during initial qualification and greater than the maximum value permissible in FIGURE 3.3 and FIGURE 3.4 for the material thickness under examination; (6) there is a change in the type of film; (7) there is a reduction of the SFD or FFD below the minimum shown in FIGURE 3.2 unless inaccessibility prevents compliance (inthe latter case, the Examining Authority is to verify that the greatest possible SFD/FFD is used and that the radiographic record shows that accessibility limits the SFD or FFD); (8) there is an increase in the thickness of intensifying screens beyond the thickness qualified and beyond the maximum permitted by TABLE 6.1; (9) there is a change in the type of intensifying screen material used. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 3.3 i. All radiographic examinations are to be recorded in a radiographic report in which the following information is to be recorded: (1) relevant radiographic procedure; (2) name(s) of qualified operators; (3) description of the component, location, material and thickness; (4) contractual details; (5) radiographic technical details; (6) film coverage; (7) date, place and time of examination. NOTE: A specimen radiographic report showing the minimum information to be recorded is at FIGURE 3.1. 3.3 Radiographic Equipment Qualification a. Radiographic test equipment is to be capable of consistently producing radiographs to the required quality in accordance with this NES and an approved written procedure. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 3.4 Procedure No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Issue No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Date . . . . . . . . . . Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Procedure drafted by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Approved by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Radiographed by . . . . . . . . . . . . . Radiographic Report No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COMPONENT DESCRIPTION Title . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MOD Contract Order No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drg No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Material Spec No . . . . . . . . . . . . . Casting/Forging/Weld/Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TECHNIQUE DETAILS 1. Radiation Source X-ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gamma-ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kilovoltage . . . . . . . . . . . . Isotope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anode current . . . . . . . . . mA/Source strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Effective source-size . . . . mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mm Exposure time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment manufacturer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Model or type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Geometry Source film distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mm Principal beam angulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to normal Area examinedsize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mm . . . . . . . . . . mm IQI-Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Required sensitivity . . . . . . . . % Sensitivity achieved . . . . . . . . . % 3. Photographic Details Film: Make . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mm ScreensType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Backscatter control . . . . . . . . . . . Block medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Processing: Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temp . . . . . . . . . . . Density required . . . . . . . . . . . . . Density achieved . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Coverage No of films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marking system etc, shown separately in attached sketch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Acceptance Standard Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Other information 7. Results of examination Shooting sketches to be added as necessary FIGURE 3.1 TYPICAL STANDARD RADIOGRAPHIC REPORT NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 3.5 FIGURE 3.2 MINIMUM FOCUS OR SOURCE-TO-FILM DISTANCE v EFFECTIVE SOURCE SIZE NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 3.6 FIGURE 3.3 RECOMMENDED X-RAY VOLTAGES AND RADIO-ISOTOPE SOURCES FOR USE WITH VARIOUS STEELS AND SIMILAR ALLOYS. 2% SENSITIVITY LEVEL NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 3.7 FIGURE 3.4 RECOMMENDED X-RAY VOLTAGES AND RADIO-ISOTOPE SOURCES FOR USE WITH COPPER BASE AND SIMILAR ALLOYS. 2% SENSITIVITY LEVEL NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 3.8 NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 4.1 4. SURFACE PREPARATION a. Accessible surfaces of castings and welds to be radiographed are to be dressed as necessary to prevent the occurrence of indications on the radiographs resulting from weld beads, ripples, slag, scale and other surface irregularities which could interfere with the interpretation of the radiographs. Such dressing is to be in accordance with limitations in NES 745 Parts 1 and 2 for casting surfaces and DGS/G/10000B for weld surfaces. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 4.2 NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 5.1 5. RADIATION SOURCES a. Gamma-Ray I sotopes The following gamma-ray isotopes may be used. Thulium (Tm) 170 Iridium (Ir) 192 Caesium (Cs) 137 Cobalt (Co) 60 Ytterbium (Yb) 169 The use of any other gamma radiation sources requires specific MOD(PE) approval. b. X-Ray Sources X-ray sources may be used providing the values of the kilovoltage against material type and thickness complies with those recommended in FIGURE 3.3 and FIGURE 3.4. 5.1 Thickness Limitations a. Guidance regarding X-ray voltage and gamma-ray sources to be used with various specimen thicknesses for optimum radiographic results (given in FIGURE 3.3 and FIGURE 3.4) is not to be taken to imply that on these thicknesses the flaw sensitivity with gamma-rays is equivalent to that with X-rays. Ingeneral, any gamma-ray technique will be less sensitive than anX-ray technique on material thicknesses of less than 50mm. On material thickness 50mm and greater the difference in sensitivity is less marked and is dependent upon the actual gamma-ray technique used. 5.2 Source Dimensions a. A cylindrical isotope source whose length is greater than its diameter will have a greater effective radiation sources dimension when oriented coaxially in the centre of a pipe for a panoramic exposure than when the axis of the source is positioned at right angles to the pipe. For afocal spot projected as a square image the diagonal of the square is to be used for calculation. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 5.2 NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 6.1 6. PRODUCTION RADIOGRAPHY 6.1 Direction of Radiation a. Whenever appropriate, the radiation beam is to be directed perpendicularly to the external surface and/or axis of the section under examination. Beamangling is, however, permissible where required to determine the type, location and/or dimensions of a defect. 6.2 Image Quality Level a. Radiography is to be performed with a technique which will distinguish the acceptable Image Quality Indicator (IQI), (see Section 10.). Radiography quality level is to be determined by using one or more of the IQIs referred to in FIGURE 6.1 and FIGURE 6.2. Unless otherwise specified, 2%IQI sensitivity is to be used as a standard for evaluating radiography quality for materials up to and including 50mm thick, and 1X above this thickness. NOTE: For a particular thickness the IQI sensitivity provides a means by which the quality of radiographic techniques may be compared. 6.3 Screens and Filters a. Radiographic procedures which use either a gamma source or an X-ray source of 120kV or greater are to include front and back screens in accordance with TABLE 6.1 and the notes applicable. Screen surfaces are to be free of blemishes which may produce spurious indications in the resultant radiograph. 6.4 Film a. Whenever gamma radiography is used radiographs are to be made on fine grain or ultra-fine grain, high contrast, safety base film. 6.5 Film Quality a. Radiographs presented for interpretation are to be free from blemishes or film defects which might mask, or be confused with, defects in the material being examined. If doubt exists concerning the true nature of an indication on the film, the radiograph is to be rejected. Typical blemishes are as follows: (1) fogging caused by light leaks in the processing room or cassettes or by defective safelights or marks caused by improper processing or by use of old film; (2) mechanical processing defects such as streaking, air bubbles or water marks or chemical stains; (3) pressure or lead marks, scratches, gouges, finger marks, crimp marks or static electricity marks; (4) loss of detail caused by poor film-to-screen contact in localized areas. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 6.2 FIGURE 6.1 SELECTION OF IQI WIRE NUMBER FOR PERCENTAGE SENSITIVITY: WIRE TYPE BS 3971 NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 6.3 FIGURE 6.2 SELECTION OF IQI WIRE NUMBER FOR PERCENTAGE SENSITIVITY: WIRE TYPEDIN 54109 NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 6.4 RADIATION SCREEN SCREEN THICKNESS RADIATION SCREEN MATERIAL FRONT (MM) BACK (MM) X-rays below 120kV Lead none 0.1 minimum X-rays 120 to 250kV Lead 0.025 to 0.125 0.1 minimum X-rays 250 to 400kV Lead 0.05 to 0.16 0.1 minimum X-rays 1 to 8 MeV Lead or Copper 1 to 1.6 1 to 1.6 X-rays above 8 MeV Lead, Tantalum or Tungsten 1 to 1.6 None Gamma-rays Ir 192 and Cs 137 Lead 0.05 to 0.16 0.15 minimum Gamma-rays Co 60 Lead, Steel or Copper 0.5 to 2.0 0.25 to 1.0 Gamma-rays Yb 169 and Tm 170 Lead 0.05 to 0.16 0.1 minimum Gamma-rays Yb 169 Lead 0.02 0.02 TABLE 6.1 SCREENS AND FILTERS NOTES 1. I ntensi fyi ng Screens. Intimate contact between the screens and the film is to be maintained during exposure. The use of fluorescent screens requires specific approval of the MOD(PE). 2. Back Fi lters. Lead filters are to be used behind the film holder to prevent scattered radiation from the floor, walls, air or surrounding objects fromfogging the film. Each filmholder is to have a lead letter B, a minimum of 12mm high and a minimum of 1.5mm thick, fastened to the back of the film holder within the area of film to be read. An image of the lead letter, appearing on the film, indicates that additional back filter thickness is required and is to be cause for rejection of the radiograph. 3. For Cobalt 60 the use of copper or steel screens produces the best flawsensitivity but a longer exposure time is required thanwithlead screens (in the order of 2 to 1). 4. Below 5mm material thickness, image quality is improved by the omission of lead screens. 6.6 Cassettes a. Cassettes may be rigid or flexible types with the exception of Ytterbium 169 technique. They are to be light tight and able to maintain close film-to-screen contact. b. For Ytterbium 169 radio-isotope sources only plastic cassettes/ film holders are to be used. Vacuum loading techniques are preferred to ensure positive screen to film contact. 6.7 Film Density a. The optical density of individual films is normally to be between 2.0 and 3.0 in the area being examined. Densities in excess of 3.0 may be accepted for viewing only if adequate high intensity viewing facilities are available. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 6.5 6.8 Multiple-Film Technique a. When the thickness of the part varies considerably in the area under examination, two or more films, of either equal or different speeds as employed during procedure qualification, may be exposed simultaneously inthe same film holder and the resultant radiographs submitted for interpretation as single films. This technique is to employ the use of a centre screen placed between the films to be exposed in addition to the required front and back screens. 6.9 Filmless Techniques a. The use of filmless techniques is to be limited to in process inspection and is to be subject to the prior approval of the MOD(PE). 6.10 Focus/Source to Film Distance a. The minimum focus or source-to-film distance (FFD or SFD) is to be in accordance with FIGURE 3.2 which is applicable to all techniques except double-wall double-image radiography of pipe welds using gamma-rays to which TABLE 6.2 applies. b. The geometric image unsharpness (Ug) assumes greater importance as the distance between defect and film increases and therefore this distance is to be kept at a minimum for optimum assessment of defect. Further exposures may also be required for this purpose. The use of longer SFDmay improve definition. The Ug value is not to exceed the inherent unsharpness of the film-screen combination for the type of radiation used, as defined in BS 2600 Part 1. c. The FFD or SFD is to be compatible with the minimum sharpness value obtainable and any practical limitations that prevent the latter being achieved are to be indicated in the radiographic procedure as submitted for approval. OUTSIDE SOURCE-TO-FILM DISTANCE AS A MULTIPLE OF THE OUTSIDE DIAMETER OF PIPE OUTSIDE DIAM OF PIPE CYLINDRICAL SOURCE SIZE AND ORIENTATION USED PIPE MM 0.5mm 0.5mm 1mm 1mm 1.3mm 1.3mm 2mm 2mm MM End on Side on End on Side on End on Side on End on Side on 10 3 to 4 3.8!5.5 5!7 6.6!9 6.2!8.6 8.2!11.5 9.13 12.2!17 20 3!4 3.8!5.5 5!7 6.6!9 6.2!8.6 8.2!11.5 9!12.5 12.2!17.5 30 3!4 3.8!5.3 5!7 6.6!9 6.2!8.6 8.2!11.6 9!12.5 12.2!17.5 40 3!4 3.8!5.3 5!6.8 6.6!9 6.2!8.6 8.2!11.6 9!12.5 12.2!17.5 50 3!4 3.8!5.2 5!6.8 6.6!9 6.2!8.6 8.2!11.7 9!12.5 12.2!17 60 3!4 3.8!5.2 5!6.8 6.6!9 6.2!8.6 8.2!11.7 9!12 12.2!17 70 3!4 3.8!5.1 5!6.7 6.6!9 6.2!8.6 8.2!11.7 9!12 12.2!15.5 80 3!4 3.8!5.1 5!6.7 6.6!9 6.2!8.6 8.2!11.7 9!12 12.2!15 90 3!4 3.8!5.1 5!6.7 6.6!9 6.2!8.6 8.2!11.7 9!11 12.2!15 Cut-off point for double-wall double-image technique NOTE The figures in the above table are based on geometric unsharpness values not exceeding 0.25mm. Wherever possible the longer source-to-film distance is used. TABLE 6.2 SOURCE-TO-FILM DISTANCE FOR THE RADIOGRAPHY OF PIPE WELDS USING GAMMA RAYS AND DOUBLE-WALL DOUBLE-IMAGE TECHNIQUE NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 6.6 d. The following factors are also to be taken into account in SFD calculations: (1) the film is to be located as close to the item being examined as possible; (2) where a gap unavoidably exists between the film and the item the maximum gap width is to be added to the specimen thickness for the calculation of the SFD; (3) all calculations are to be based on the maximum effective source dimensions. For a focal spot or source projected as a rectangle the effective dimensions is the length of the diagonal of the rectangle, ie effective dimension = X 2 !Y 2 " mm where X and Y are lengths of rectangle sides; (4) the effective dimension for a focal spot projection consisting of divided images is the diameter of the smallest circle circumscribing both images; (5) the effective size of the focal spot for each X-ray tube is to be established using the pinhole method and checked at least once per year throughout its working life; (6) for double-wall single-image radiography the material thickness to be used for the calculation of the minimum SFD is the thickness of the wall to be examined plus the thickness of the backing strip if featured; (7) for double-wall double-image radiography the material thickness to be used for the calculation of the minimumSFDis the maximumdimensions between the specimen surface and the film, ie the outside diameter of the pipe irrespective of the pipe wall thickness; (8) for steel greater than 50mm in thickness reference is to be made to BS 2600 (Part 2). 6.11 Diagnostic Film Length a. The diagnostic film length of the weld or part under examination is to be such that the thickness of the material at the extremities of the exposed area measured in the direction of the incident beam at that point, does not exceed the actual thickness (T) at that point by more than the relevant value stated below: (1) X-ray techniques with ultra-fine grain and fine grain high contrast direct-type film max incident thickness = T !6% (2) X-ray techniques with medium speed, direct-type film max incident thickness = T ! 10% (3) Gamma-ray techniques with ultra-fine grain and fine grain high contrast direct-type film max incident thickness = T ! 10% b. The diagnostic filmlength for pipe welds, pipes and castings of small radius and with thickness variation will generally determine the number of exposures required for full coverage of the weld examined. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 6.7 6.12 Radiograph Location Markers a. The images of the location markers used to correlate the part with the film are to confirm complete coverage without interfering with the interpretation. Marker positions are to be marked on the part and maintained on the part throughout radiography. When radiographing a weld, the edge of the marker image is to be approximately 3mm from the edge of the weld wherever possible. 6.13 Film Identification a. A system of positive identification of the film and the IQI type used is to be provided. (1) The following information is to appear on each radiograph: (a) identification of the organization making the radiograph; (b) identification code letters related to Clause 6.13a.(1) where space permits; (c) a unique identification number; (d) a suffix letter R to denote a repair radiograph where applicable, followed by the number of the repair, eg R2, R3 etc. (2) The above information is also to appear in the records that accompany each radiograph together with: (a) identification of the item, part, component or system, and where applicable, the weld joint; (b) details of the radiographic technique used and date of exposure. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 6.8 NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 7.1 7. STORAGE OF RADIOGRAPHS AND RADIOGRAPHIC RECORDS a. Radiographs and radiographic records are to be retained for seven years from completion of a fixed termcontract. Where work is performed under continuing contract, or on other than a contractual basis, these are to be retained for seven years from the date on which the work was performed. Technique details, including radiographic inspection location sketches, evaluation and disposition sheets are to be included in the records retained. At the end of the seven-year period, the Organization is to ask MOD(PE) whether the records are to be destroyed, forwarded to MOD(PE) or retained by the Organization for a further period. b. When radiography is performed by a subcontractor, he is to provide the Prime Contractor withall radiographs and radiographic records required for retention in accordance with Clause 7.a. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 7.2 NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 8.1 8. DARKROOM FACILITIES a. Darkroom facilities, including equipment and materials, are to be capable of producing uniform, blemish-free radiographs and of controlling filmprocessing procedures in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturers. Records are to be maintained for the purpose of assuring control of the life and quality of the photographic solutions and the effectiveness of the safelight conditions. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 8.2 NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 9.1 9. FILM VIEWING FACILITIES a. Radiographs are to be examined by diffused light in a darkened room or cubicle that is suitable for this purpose. b. Viewing facilities and background lighting are to minimize reflection on the radiographs. c. Equipment used for radiographic interpretation is to include the following minimum requirements: (1) a controllable light source of sufficient maximum intensity to allow the selection of optimum intensities for viewing the ranges of film densities specified in Clause 6.7a. The light enclosure is to be so designed as to provide a uniform level of illumination over the entire viewing surface. The required light intensity for viewing film densities over 3.0 may be provided by the use of a separate high intensity viewing port. Film damaged owing to exposure to heat is to be rejected and repeat radiography carried out; (2) the provision of a suitable fan or blower or other cooling device, and limitation of the time of contact of the film with the viewing port in order to avoid film damage caused by excess heat at the viewing port of high intensity viewers; (3) masking facilities to suit the sizes of radiographs to be viewed; (4) densitometers to ensure compliance with the film density requirements of Clause 6.7a. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 9.2 NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 10.1 10. INTERPRETATION OF RADIOGRAPHS a. To assist in the proper interpretation of radiographs, a sketch or drawing and written technique or equivalent record, as per Clause 3.2i., is to be prepared to show the arrangement used to make each radiograph. This information is to accompany each relevant radiograph, or group of radiographs. Reference to a standard arrangement is to be acceptable if details of the standard arrangements are made available. The required information is to include, where applicable: (1) number of films; (2) location of each film on the radiographed item. The film position is to be recorded relative to the film centre marker and some fixed datum; (3) orientation of location markers. The preferred arrangement for weldments is shown in FIGURE 10.1; (4) location of radiation source, including source-to-film distance and angle of beam; (5) type of weld and weld history; (6) whether original weld or repair; (7) part and drawing number; (8) details of visible surface imperfections. b. Interpretation of radiographs is to be carried out only by personnel with the necessary qualifications and experience to do so (see Clause 3.1a.). Radiographs are to be examined and interpreted by the Examining Authority to assure compliance with the requirements of this NES. The terminology used in the report of interpretation of weld defects is to be that recommended in BS 499 Part 1. The terminology for internal defects in castings is to be that recommended in BS 2737. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 10.2 FIGURE 10.1 METHOD OF MARKING WELDS FOR RADIOGRAPHY NOTES 1. The IQI is to be placed at one or both ends of each section to be radiographed. The wires are to lie transversely across the weld with the thinest wire remote from the centre of the radiation beam. 2. Marker arrows that denote the length of weld under examination may also be used to point to the appropriate IQI wire corresponding to the sensitivity value required. 3. Wherever possible the minimum overlap of radiographs is to be 35mm. For pipe welds adequate coverage is to be demonstrated. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 11.1 11. IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS 11.1 General a. Wire complying with BS 3971 or DIN 54109 IQI are to be used to assist in determining the quality level of all radiographs (see FIGURE 6.1 and FIGURE 6.2). 11.2 IQI Materials a. Selection of IQI material is to be made as follows: (1) materials are grouped as shown in TABLE 3.1. The correct IQI series for each material group under examination is given below and is to be used wherever possible. If the correct IQI is not available, thenanIQI of a lower absorption coefficient, at the lowest energy level to be used, may be substituted provided the same measured quality level is attained; Material Group IQI Series 1 FE 2 CU 3 AL (2) for radiography of a material not covered by TABLE 3.1, an IQI may be used which is either manufactured from the same material or from another material whose radiographic absorption coefficient, at the lowest energy level to be used, is within 15% of that of the material under examination; (3) for welds made between dissimilar metals in a single group per TABLE 3.1, the IQI for that group is to be used as in (1) above; (4) for welds made between dissimilar metals not of the same group per TABLE 3.1, one IQI corresponding to the relevant group or of a lower absorption coefficient as in (1) is placed on each side of the joint; (5) for welds with weld metal of a different group for the base material(s), an additional IQI corresponding to the weld metal composition or of a lower absorption coefficient as in (1) is to be used. 11.3 Wire Type IQI DIN 54109 a. Each material group is covered by three IQI models which together contain a series of 16 wires. Each IQI model contains seven wires numbered respectively 1!7, 6!12 and 10!16. Wire diameters range from 1mm (wire No 1) to 0.1mm (wire No 16). 11.4 Wire Type IQI BS 3971 a. Each material group is covered by four IQI models which together contain a series of 21 wires. Each IQI model contains seven wires numbered respectively 1!7, 4!10, 9!15 and 15!21. An additional model is included in the BS range which contains all 21 wires. Wire diameters range from 0.032mm (wire No 1) to 3.2mm (wire No 21). NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 11.2 11.5 IQI Identification a. IQIs are identified by a combination of symbols which appear in the radiograph eg For DIN type IQI: DIN!62!Fe or Cu or Al 1 ISO 7 6 ISO 12 10 ISO 16 yp Q 1 ISO 7 or 6 ISO 12 or 10 ISO 16 For BS type IQI: Fe or Cu or Al or Mg For BS type IQI: Fe or Cu or Al or Mg 1!7 or 4!10 or 9!15 or 15!21 or 1!21 NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 12.1 12. IQI LOCATION a. One IQI is to represent an area within which radiographic densities do not vary more than from +30% to !15% from the density measured adjacent to the IQI. At least one IQI per radiograph is to be used except as specified in Clause 11.5g. When the film density variation is more than above, two IQIs used as follows will be satisfactory; if one IQI shows an acceptable sensitivity at the most dense portion of the radiograph and the second IQI, placed in accordance with the other requirements of this NES, shows an acceptable sensitivity at the least dense portion of the radiograph, these two IQIs are to serve to qualify the radiograph within these density limits. b. The IQI is to be located on the source side of the section being examined wherever possible. c. For weld examination the IQI is to be placed at one or both ends of each length to be radiographed. The wires are to lie transversely across the weld with the thinnest wire remote from the centre beam. d. For double-wall, double-image exposures (eg on pipe welds) the IQI is, where practicable, to be placed on the outside of the pipe across the weld nearest to the source of radiation. The selected wire is to be placed over the centre line of the weld. e. For double-wall, single-image exposures in which only the portion of the weld next to the film is viewed, the radiographic technique is to be demonstrated on a similar test section withthe applicable IQI placed on the inside compared with an IQI placed on the film side. The demonstrated radiographs are to be identified and included with the production radiographs when these are presented for interpretation. f. Where a gap necessarily exists between the item under examination and the film, the IQI is to be placed on that part of the item furthest from the film. g. For circumferential pipe welds, the number and location of IQIs are to be in accordance with TABLE 12.1. h. For longitudinal pipe welds, one IQI is to be placed at each extremity of eachfilm along the weld, and only the weld image that appears between the thinnest visible wires of the IQIs is to be assessed. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 12.2 RADIATION PASSES THROUGH ONE WALL ONLY PIPE DIAMETER NUMBER OF WALLS VIEWED FOR ACCEPTANCE NUMBER AND LOCATION OF IQIs 100mm up to but not including 250mm 1 One IQI on the outside surface of the pipe on the source side, along the centre line of the pipe. 250mm and over 1 If the length to be inspected is less than 125mm, one IQI. If over 125mm, two IQIs one at each extremity of the area to be inspected or one at the centre of the radiation beam and one at an extremity of the area to be inspected. RADIATION PASSES THROUGH TWO WALLS Under 100mm 1 or 2 One IQI on the outside surface of the pipe on the source side along the centre line of the pipe. 100mm up to but not including 250mm 1 See Clause 2.d. The IQI is to lie along the centre line of the pipe. 250mm and over 1 Two IQIs, one at each extremity of the area to be inspected or one at the centre of the radiation beam and one at an extremity of the area to be inspected. TABLE 12.1 IQI LOCATION FOR CIRCUMFERENTIAL WELDS NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 13.1 13. RADIOGRAPHY OF PIPE WELDS 13.1 Single-Wall Technique a. Exposures are to be made through a single-wall wherever practicable. The radiation beam is to be directed at the centre of the weld and normal to the pipe surface at that point. Additional beam directions may, however, be necessary to detect weld fusion face defects. The SFD is to be based on the single-wall thickness in accordance with FIGURE 3.2. 13.2 Double-Wall Single-Image Technique a. Exposures are made for the examination of the weld closest to the film. The radiation beam is to be directed through the centre of the section being examined and offset from the plane through the weld by the minimum distance necessary to avoid superimposing images. The filmis to be placed diametrically opposite the radiation source in close contact with the weld. The SFD is to be in accordance with Clause 6.10d. and FIGURE 3.2. The IQI sensitivity is to be calculated relative to the single-wall thickness. 13.3 Double-Wall Double-Image Technique a. Exposures are made for the examination of both walls when double-wall single-image exposures are not practicable. The centre line of the radiation beam is to be directed through the centre of the pipe in the plane of the weld. The source of radiation is to be offset only by the minimum amount necessary to avoid superimposing images. The SFD is to be in accordance with Clause 6.10d.(6) and TABLE 6.2. The IQI sensitivity is to be calculated relative to the double-wall thickness. At least three exposures will be required to cover a pipe butt joint in normal practice by this method. b. Offset is not to be employed in the radiography of consumable root inserts. c. Generally, for pipework radiography, the recommendations in BS 2910 are to apply. Double-wall double-image exposures are to be restricted to pipes not exceeding 90mm outside diameter unless otherwise specifically approved by MOD(PE). NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 13.2 NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 14.1 14. WELDS WITH OVERLAY CLADDING a. Radiography is to be performed on the completed base metal weld prior to cladding. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 14.2 NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 15.1 15. SIMULTANEOUS EXPOSURES a. When a single film or series of films is exposed in a 360 degree radiation beam on a single component, a minimum of one IQI is to be located in each quadrant. If multiple components or parts are exposed simultaneously, at least one IQI is to be required on each film plus, where relevant, additional IQIs as required by Clause 11.5g. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 15.2 NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 16.1 16. RADIOGRAPHY OF SMALL PARTS a. At the discretion of the MOD(PE) IQIs may not be required on each film when radiographing small parts, or limited areas of larger parts, when location of the IQI on the part would obscure part or all of the area of interest and where it would not be practicable to place the IQI on a test section adjacent to the part. However, an initial technique, shot, with the applicable IQI on the part, is to demonstrate the specified IQI sensitivity. Subsequent exposure without an IQI is to be made only if exposed in the same manner as the technique shot. Whenever the arrangement is changed, additional technique shots are to be made in proper sequence to ensure that the process is being properly controlled. The technique shots are to accompany the subsequently exposed film when presented for interpretation. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 16.2 NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 17.1 17. RADIOGRAPHY OF REPAIR WELDS a. When weld repairs to welded joints and metallic materials including castings or forgings have been made, weld repair details are to accompany the radiographs when offered for review. The original radiographs of the previously defective area are also to be made available for review with the final acceptance radiographs. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 17.2 NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 18.1 18. RADIOGRAPHY OF CASTINGS a. Inaddition to the information required inClause 3.2i. and FIGURE 3.1, casting radiographic reports are to include a suitable sketch or drawing which includes the following information: (1) the classification of the casting and its unique identification; (2) Critical Test Regions and Test Regions in accordance with NES 745 Parts 1 and 2; (3) number of films and type; (4) location of each film on the casting; (5) location of markers; (6) location of radiation source including angle and source-to-film distances relative to each film position; (7) voltage or isotope type and strength; (8) details of visible surface imperfections. 18.1 Techniques a. Radiography of Critical Test Regions is to be limited to single-wall techniques unless this is demonstrated to be impracticable and a double-wall technique is necessary. Test Regions may be examined by double-wall single-image and double-wall double-image techniques. Defects shown by double-wall exposures may require additional radiography to establish the severity of the defects relative to single-wall thickness. For further guidance BS 4080 is to be consulted. 18.2 Technique Shot Films a. The production of films on the first casting are to be used to demonstrate the adequacy of the radiographic technique. The MOD(PE) or contractor as agreed is to approve the procedure whensatisfactory quality is obtained onall films and the extent of coverage required by the applicable specification or drawings has been obtained. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) 18.2 NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) A.1 ANNEX A. ANNEX A. RELATED DOCUMENTS A.1 The following documents and publications are referred to in this NES: See Clause BS 499 Welding terms and symbols 10.b. Part 1: Glossary for welding, brazing and thermal cutting BS 2600 Radiographic examination of fusion welded butt joints in steel 6.10b., 6.10d. Part 1: Methods for steel 2mm up to and including 50mm thick Part 2: Methods for steel over 50mm up to and including 200mm thick BS 2737 Terminology of internal defects in castings as revealed by radiography 10.b. BS 2910 Methods for radiographic examination of fusion welded circumferential butt joints in steel pipes 13.3c. BS 3683 Glossary of terms used in non-destructive testing B.1 Part 3: Radiological flaw detection BS 3971 Specification for image quality indicators for industrial radiography (including guidance on their use) 11.1a., 11.4a. BS 4080 Methods for non-destructive testing of steel castings 18.1a. DIN 54109 Image Quality Indicators of X-ray and Gamma ray 11.1a., 11.3a. NES 745 Classification, Inspection Requirements and Acceptance Standards for Castings 1.a., 4.a., 18.a. Part 1: Copper and Nickel Alloy Castings Part 2: Steel Castings DG Ships/G/10000B (NES 773*) Minimum Acceptance Standards for Welds in HM Ships and Submarines 1.a., 4.a. *In course of preparation. When published will supersede stated document. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) A.2 ANNEX A. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) B.1 ANNEX B. ANNEX B. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS B.1 Definitions contained in BS 499 Part 1 and BS 3683 Part 3 are to apply to the relevant teems used in this NES. The following additional definitions are also to apply: Maximum Effective Radiation Source Dimension The maximum source or focal dimension projected on the centre of the radiographic film. Multiple Film Technique A procedure in which two or more films of the same or different speed with the relevant intensifying screens are used in the same film holder. Material Thickness The thickness of the material presented for radiographic examination. Examination Authority The Company, Organization, Establishment or Naval Base that carries out the radiographic examination within the scope of this Part. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) B.2 ANNEX B. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) C.1 ANNEX C. ANNEX C. PROCUREMENT CHECK LIST Notes: 1. This Check List is to ensure that certain aspects of this Naval Engineering Standard are consulted when preparing a Statement of Technical Requirements for a particular application. 2. Clauses where a preference for an option is to be used or where specific data is to be added are included in the Check List to be added are included in the Check List. 3. Each item is to be marked either ! = included NA = not applicable CHECK No CHECK CLAUSE No ! or NA 1 Extent of radiographic examination SCOPE 4. 2 Standards for acceptance of defect indications B.1 3 Heat treatment condition 0502 NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) C.2 ANNEX C. NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) INDEX INDEX.1 ALPHABETICAL INDEX A Acceptance standards, 1.1 Approval requirements equipment, 3.3 personnel, 3.1 Audit, 3.1 C Cassettes, 6.2 Castings, 4.1, 17.1 Conditions of issue, vi Consumable root inserts, 12.1 Contents, ix Contractual documents, 3.1 Critical test regions, 17.1 D Darkroom facilities, 8.1 Definitions, B.1 Densitometers, 9.1 Diagnostic film length, 6.4 Direction of radiation, 6.1 Double-wall, double-image radiography, 6.3, 6.4, 11.2, 12.1 Double-wall, single-image radiography, 6.4, 11.2, 12.1 E Effective source dimensions, 6.4 Equipment qualification, 3.3 Equipment used for radiographic interpretation, 9.1 Examination, extent of, iii, 2.1 Examining Authority, 3.1, B.1 Exposures, vii, 12.1, 14.1 NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) INDEX INDEX.2 F Film density, 6.2 identification, 6.5 quality, 6.1 type, 6.1 viewing, 9.1 Filmless techniques, 6.3 Films, technique shot, 17.1 Filters, 6.1, 6.2 Focus to film distance, 3.5, 6.3 Fogging, 6.1 G Gamma-ray isotopes, 5.1 Gamma-rays, 3.6, 3.7, 6.1 Geometric image unsharpness (UG), 6.3 H Health and safety, ii, vii I I mage quality indicators (I QI ), 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 11.1, 11.2 I mage quality level, 6.1 I nspection, 2.1, 3.1 I nterpretation, 10.1 I QI location, 11.2 I sotopes, 5.1 L Location markers, 6.5 M Marking welds, method, 10.2 Masking, 9.1 Material absorption, 3.1 Material grouping, qualification, 3.1 Material thickness, definition, B.1 Maximum effective radiation source dimension, B.1 Multiple-film techniques, 6.3, B.1 NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) INDEX INDEX.3 P Personnel, qualification, 3.1 Pipe welds, 11.2, 12.1 Procedures, approval, 3.1 Procedure, standard radiographic, 3.4 Procurement check list, C.1 Q Quality level, 6.1 R Radiation, direction of, 6.1 Radiation sources, 5.1 Radiographic absorption, 3.1 Radiographic procedure, standard, 3.4 Radiographic records, 3.1 Radiographic sketch or drawing, 17.1 Radiographs, retention period, 7.1 Radiography of small parts, 15.1 Reapproval of radiographic procedure, 3.2 Register, 3.1 Related documents, A.1 Repair welds, 16.1 S Safety, vii Scope, iii Screens, 6.1 Simultaneous exposures, 14.1 Single-wall, pipe welds, 12.1 Sketches, 10.1, 17.1 Small parts, 15.1 Source dimensions, 5.1 Source to film distance, 3.5, 6.3 Sources, gamma-ray, 5.1, 3.6, 3.7 Standards, acceptance, 1.1 Storage of radiographs and records, 7.1 Sub-contractor records, 7.1 Surface preparation, 4.1 NES 729 Part 1 Issue 2 (Reformatted) INDEX INDEX.4 T Terminology, defects, 10.1 Test regions, 17.1 Thickness limitations, gamma-ray sources, 5.1 W Welds method of marking, 10.1, 10.2 pipe, 11.2, 12.1 repair, 16.1 with overlay cladding, 13.1 X X-ray sources, 5.1 X-ray voltage, 3.6, 3.7, 5.1 Inside Rear Cover Crown Copyright 2000 Copying Only as Agreed with DStan Defence Standards are Published by and Obtainable from: Defence Procurement Agency An Executive Agency of The Ministry of Defence Directorate of Standardization Kentigern House 65 Brown Street GLASGOW G2 8EX DStan Helpdesk Tel 0141 224 2531/2 Fax 0141 224 2503 Internet e-mail enquiries@dstan.mod.uk
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