Rule 39 Execution

Civil Procedure Rule 39 Execution,
Satisfaction
And Efect of Judgments
Rule 39
EXECUTION, SATISFACTION AND
EFFECT OF JUDGMENTS
Rule 39 is on the subject of Execution, Satisfaction and
Efect of Judgments. This is the longest ule in the stud! of
"i#il $ocedue. Ta%e note that thee ae &' Sections. (et us
)st e#ie* the fundamentals.
+, -e)ne execution.
A, E.E"/T012 is the emed! 3o#ided b! la* fo the
enfocement of a judgment. 456 Am. Ju. 6'7 0t is the fuit and
the end of the suit and is #e! a3tl! called the life of the la*
4$A( #s. "out of A33eals, 6'6 S"RA 8897.
0t *ould be useless if thee is judgment but !ou cannot
enfoce the same. :hen !ou ecei#e the decision of cout in
!ou fa#o, *hat *ill !ou do *ith that; 0f thee is no *a! to
enfoce that decision, i<laminate mo na lang !an. /seless eh=
+, :ho *ill enfoce the judgment;
A, The #e! same cout *hich endeed the judgment.
+, >o* is execution geneall! done;
A, 0t is geneall! done b! )ling a motion fo execution b!
the 3e#ailing 3at! and the cout *ill then issue an ode of
execution, *hich *ill be follo*ed *ith a *it of execution, and
the sheif *ill enfoce the judgment.
So, *e )le a motion in cout afte the judgment has
become )nal and executo!.
+, >o* can the cout issue the ode *hen it has alead!
lost juisdiction o#e the case; because fom *hat *e ha#e
leaned hee is that, one of the efects of the )nalit! of
judgment is that the cout loses juisdiction o#e the case.
And *hen the cout loses juisdiction, it can no longe act on
the case. So, ho* can it still issue odes in that case *hen
actuall!, once the judgment becomes )nal and executo!,
the tial cout loses juisdiction o#e the case and it can no
longe act in that case;
A, :hat is meant b! that statement is that, the cout can
no longe change the judgment. That is *h! ne* tial and
econsideation is not an!moe a#ailable in this stage. The
judgment is be!ond the 3o*e of the cout to change o alte.
?/T de)nitel! the cout can act on that case fo the
3u3ose of enfocing its judgment because it is absud to
claim that a tial cout has the 3o*e to t! and hea a case
but once the judgment has alead! become )nal, it has no
moe 3o*e to enfoce it. 0f !ou *ill eall! descibe
juisdiction in its com3lete as3ect, *e can sa! juisdiction is
the power of the court to act on the case, to try, to decide
and to enforce its judgment. That *ould be moe com3lete.
?ecause enfocement is 3at of the cout@s juisdiction.
+, Against *hom shall the execution issue;
A, Aeneall!, execution can issue onl! against a 4losing7
3at! to the case and not against one *ho is a com3lete
stange because majoit! of judgments ae in personam.
The! ae onl! enfoceable against the 3aties themsel#es o
thei successos<in<inteest 3eo3le *ho dei#e thei ights
fom him. And a judgement can ne#e be enfoced against a
com3lete stange *ho ne#e had his da! in cout. 4"uBcosa
#s. "once3cion, 6C6 $hil. 6&DE "astaFeda #s. -e (eon, 88
1.A. D58, Jan. 5D, 6989E ?acolod #s. EniGueB, 88 1.A. 6C8&8,
-ec. 56, 69897
+, :hat 3otion in the decision is nomall! the subject of
execution ;
A, 0t is the dis3ositi#e 3otion the WHEREFORE
that is going to be enfoced. 4Robles #s. Timaio, 8' 1.A.
68C9, Heb. 69, 69D57
"(ASSES 1H E.E"/T012
+, :hat ae the classes of execution unde the la*;
A, The follo*ing,
0. As to thei natue,
6.7 "1I$/(S1RJ execution %no*n as
Execution as a Iatte of Right 4Section
67
5.7 -0S"RET012ARJ execution %no*n as
Execution $ending A33eal 4Section 57
00. As to ho* it is enfoced 4Section D7,
6.7 E.E"/T012 ?J I1T012
5.7 E.E"/T012 ?J 02-E$E2-E2T A"T012
COMPULSORY EXECUTION
4Execution as a matte of ight7
E.E"/T012 AS A IATTER 1H R0A>TE
H0RST 02STA2"E, 21 A$$EA(, J/-AIE2T ?E"1IES
H02A(
Section ! Eecution upon judgments
or !na" orders! " E#ecution $%&ll i$$ue &$
& '&tte( o) (i*%t, on 'otion, u+on &
,u-*'ent o( o(-e( t%&t -i$+o$e$ o) t%e
&ction o( +(ocee-in* u+on t%e
e#+i(&tion o) t%e +e(io- to &++e&l
t%e(e)(o' i) no &++e&l %&$ .een -ul/
+e()ecte-!
I) t%e &++e&l %&$ .een -ul/
+e()ecte- &n- 0n&ll/ (e$ol1e-, t%e
e#ecution '&/ )o(t%2it% .e &++lie- )o(
in t%e cou(t o) o(i*in, on 'otion o) t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*ee, $u.'ittin*
t%e(e2it% ce(ti0e- t(ue co+ie$ o) t%e
,u-*'ent o( ,u-*'ent$ o( 0n&l o(-e(
o( o(-e($ $ou*%t to .e en)o(ce- &n- o)
t%e ent(/ t%e(eo), 2it% notice to t%e
&-1e($e +&(t/!
T%e &++ell&te cou(t '&/, on
'otion in t%e $&'e c&$e, 2%en t%e
inte(e$t o) ,u$tice $o (e3ui(e$, -i(ect
5&5
Satisfaction
t%e cou(t o) o(i*in to i$$ue t%e 2(it o)
e#&'in&tion!
+, :hat ae the conditions fo com3ulso! execution;
A, The follo*ing ae the conditions,
6.7 H0RST "12-0T012, 0f a judgment has dis3osed
alead! of the action o 3oceeding then it can
be executed E
5.7 SE"12- "12-0T012, The 3eiod to a33eal has
ex3ied and no a33eal has been )ledKta%en
fom the judgment.

/nde the )st condition, if a judgment has dis3osed
alead! of the action o 3oceeding then it can be executed
because if the judgment o ode has not !et dis3osed of the
action o 3oceeding, that is called an intelocuto! judgment
o ode.
1ne of the efects of )nalit! of a judgment unde Rule 3D
is that the 3e#ailing 3at! is entitled to ha#e the judgment
executed as a matte of ight. And it is the ministeial dut! of
the cout to execute its o*n judgment. So once the judgment
has become )nal, all that the *inne o 3e#ailing 3at! has
to do is to )le an action in cout fo execution, the cout has
to issue.
:hen the la* sa!s it is a matte of ight u3on a
judgment o ode that dis3oses the action o 3oceeding, it
means that afte the judgment *as endeed, thee is
nothing moe fo the cout to do because its job is o#e.
Theefoe, if thee is something moe that the cout can do,
as a ule, !ou cannot execute. That is *h! conditional
judgments, incom3lete judgments cannot be executed.
/nde the second condition, *e must *ait fo the 3eiod
to a33eal to ex3ie befoe *e can mo#e fo execution. So, if
the 3eiod to a33eal has not !et ex3ied, then *e cannot
execute the judgment. As coolla! to that ule *e ha#e this
Guestion,
+, Ia! the cout efuse to execute a judgment on the
gound that the judgement *as *ong o eoneous;
A, 21, because it is a matte of and the issuance of the
coes3onding *it of execution u3on a )nal and executo!
judgment is a ministeial dut! of the cout to execute *hich
is com3ellable b! mandamus. 4Ebeo #s. "aFiBaes, 99 $hil.
6857 The 3inci3le is, 2o matte ho* eoneous a judgment
ma! be, so long as the lo*e cout had juisdiction o#e the
3aties and the subject matte in litigation, 4in shot the
judgment is #alid7, the said judgment is enfoceable b!
execution once it becomes )nal and executo!. The eo also
becomes )nal. 0f it is eoneous, the emed! is to a33eal,
othe*ise the eo becomes )nal as *ell.
0n execution, if !ou ae not caeful, thee ae la*!es
*ho ae #e! good in th*ating an execution *hee a seies
of maneu#es ae utiliBed < *e can still be dela!ed b!
Guestioning this and that and sometimes couts ae un*itting
accom3lices. That is *h! in the 699& of
PELAYO #s. COURT OF APPEALS
435 SCRA 656
7ELD, L:e ha#e time and again uled that
couts should ne#e allo* themsel#es to be a
3at! to maneu#es intended to dela! the
execution of )nal decisions. The! must ni3 in
the bud an! dilato! maneu#e calculated to
defeat o fustate the ends of justice, fai 3la!
and 3om3t im3lementation of )nal and
executo! judgment. (itigation must end and
teminate sometime and some*hee, and it is
essential to an efecti#e administation of
justice that once a judgment has become )nal,
the *inning 3at! be not, though a mee
subtefuge, de3i#ed of the fuits of the #edict.
"outs must theefoe guad against an!
scheme calculated to bing about that esult.
"onstituted as the! ae to 3ut an end to
conto#esies, couts should fo*n u3on an!
attem3t to 3olong them.M
AE2ERA( R/(E, Judgment is enfoceable b! execution
once it becomes )nal and executo!.
E."E$T012S, 4:1(HS12 #s. -E( R1SAR01, &D $hil. &67
$. :hen thee has been a change in the situation
of the 3aties, *hich ma%es the execution
ineGuitableE
%. :hen it a33eas that the conto#es! has ne#e
been submitted to the judgment of the coutE
&. :hen the judgment *as no#ated b! subseGuent
ageement of the 3atiesE
'. :hen it a33eas that the *it of execution has
been im3o#identl! issuedE
(. :hen the *it of execution is defecti#e in
substanceE
). :hen the *it of execution is issued against the
*ong 3at!E and
*. :hen the judgment debt has been 3aid o
othe*ise satis)ed.
+$, WHE- .HERE H/0 1EE- / 2H/-3E 4- .HE
04.5/.4O- OF .HE 6/R.4E0
WH42H 7/8E .HE E9E25.4O- 4-E:54./1;E.
<0uper#ening Fact =octrine>
1ne of the most im3otant exce3tions is the )st one,
When there has ?een a change in the situation of the parties
which ma@e the eecution ineAuita?"e. Ieaning, fom the
time na nag%aoon ng )nal judgment u3 to the 3esent, thee
has been a change in the situation of the 3aties so that if *e
*ill execute, the judgment becomes ineGuitable alead!. So,
this is just anothe *a! of sa!ing that thee has been a
S/$ERNE202A ENE2T that ha33ened *hich ma%es execution
ineGuitable.
E.AI$(E, Thee *as a case *hee A )led a case to eject
? fom his 3o3et! and ? lost the case and thee *as a
5&3
Satisfaction
judgment odeing him to #acate the 3o3et! of A. ?ut *hile
the case *as going on, A motgaged his 3o3et! to the ban%.
0n the meantime, he failed to 3a! his loan and the ban%
foeclosed the motgage. So the 3o3et! *as sold at 3ublic
auction. And at the auction sale, ?, the one occu3!ing it,
bought the 3o3et!. The o*ne no* is ?. ?ut thee is a )nal
judgment ejecting him. 2o*, shall *e insist on the judgment
ejecting ?; 2o because ? is no* the o*ne. The fact that ?
became the o*ne is a su3e#ening e#ent.
P7IL! 8ETERANS 9AN: ;P89< #s. IAC
=> SCRA 6?@
NOTE, Thee *as a time befoe that the
$N? *as closed fo 8 to D !eas because 0 thin%
the! ha#e some 3oblems. So the "ental ?an%
has to ta%e o#e. The "ental ?an% has odeed
to sto3 the o3eation 3laced unde
ecei#eshi3, the "ental ?an% *ill contol. 2o*
unde the "ental ?an% (a*, once the "ental
?an% ta%es o#e the contol of a 3i#ate ban%,
all its assets has to be 3ese#ed. 2o assets *ill
be sold o dis3osed of.
FACTS, Thee *as somebod! *ho sued
$N?, and $N? lost. So thee *as a judgment
*hich became )nal. And the *inne as%ed the
cout to execute. $acticall!, !ou ha#e to le#!
on the 3o3et! of the ban%. 0n the meantime,
the $N? *as 3laced unde ecei#eshi3, *hee
unde the la*, it cannot be dis3osed of because
it is unde the contol of the "ental ?an%.
ISSUE, "an the 3e#ailing 3at! insist on
the enfocement of the judgment and get and
le#! the 3o3et! of the $N?;
7ELD, 21. The 3lacement of the ban%
unde ecei#eshi3 is a S/$ERNE202A ENE2T.
L1nce a decision has become )nal and
executo!, it is the ministeial dut! of the cout
to ode its execution, admits cetain
exce3tions. The fact that 3etitione is 3laced
unde ecei#eshi3 is a su3e#ening e#ent that
endes a judgment not*ithstanding its )nalit!
unenfoceable b! attachment o execution.M
SAMPAGUITA GARMENTS CORP! #s.
NLRC
433 SCRA 465
FACT, An em3lo!ee *as teminated b! his
em3lo!e on the gound of theft. >e stole
com3an! 3o3et!. The management )led also a
case of theft against the em3lo!ee. ?ut in the
meantime the em3lo!ee also )led a labo case
against the em3lo!e fo illegal dismissal and
3a!ed fo einstatement *ith bac% *ages. Afte
heaing, the 2(R" uled that thee *as illegal
temination and odeed the einstatement of
the em3lo!ee and 3a!ment of bac%*ages. The
2(R" decision became )nal. 0n the meantime,
the accused *as con#icted in the ciminal case
fo theft and odeed to go to 3ison.
ISSUE, :hat ha33ens no* to the )nal
judgment of the 2(R" einstating the
em3lo!ee;
7ELD, LAn em3lo!eeOs con#iction fo theft,
*hich *as aPmed b! the RT" and the "A, is a
S/$ERNE202A "A/SE that endes unjust and
ineGuitable the 2(R" decision mandating the
em3lo!eeOs einstatement *ith bac%*ages.M
Ta%e note ho*e#e that fo the su3e#ening e#ent to
a33l!, the su3e#ening e#ent must ha33en afte the
judgment has become )nal and executo!. 2ot that the
su3e#ening e#ent ha33ened *hile the case *as going on. 0f
the case is going on and something ha33ened *hich !ou
belie#e *ould ma%e the decision against !ou unfai, !ou
dut! is to bing it to the attention of the cout so that the
cout deciding the case *ould ta%e that into consideation. 0n
the case of
8ALENSONA #s. COURT OF APPEALS
446 SCRA 36
7ELD, L:hile the ule is that a sta! of
execution of a )nal judgment ma! be
authoiBed if necessa! to accom3lish the ends
of justice, as fo instance, *hee thee has been
a change in the situation of the 3aties *hich
ma%es such execution ineGuitable, ne#etheless
the said ule cannot be in#o%ed *hen the
su33osed change in the cicumstances of the
3aties too% 3lace *hile the case *as 3ending,
fo the eason that thee *as then no excuse fo
not binging to the attention of the cout the
fact o cicumstance that afects the outcome of
the case.M
The uling in B/;E-CO;/ *as eiteated in
A9OITIA #s. TRAJANO
4=> SCRA 3>= B99=C
7ELD, L:e ae of couse *ell a*ae of the
ule authoiBing the cout to modif! o alte a
judgment e#en afte the same has become
executo!, *hene#e cicumstances tans3ie
endeing its execution unjust and ineGuitable.
>o*e#e, this ule, *e must em3hasiBe, a33lies
onl! to cases *hee the facts o cicumstances
authoiBing such modi)cation o alteation
tans3ied after the judgment has become )nal
executo!.M
5&&
Satisfaction
+&, WHE- .HE D5=37E-. W/0 -OB/.E= 1E
0510E:5E-. /3REE7E-..
+/EST012, "an the 3aties ente into a com3omise
ageement *hen thee is alead! a decision;
A2S:ER, JES. "om3omise ageement is *elcome
an!time befoe the case is )led, *hile the case is going on,
*hile the case is on a33eal.
+, 2o* su33ose thee is a decision in m! fa#o against
!ou and then !ou a33oach me and sa!, 6wede ?a pagF
usapan na "ang natin itoG LSige o%a!.M Then *e ai#e at
anothe ageement *hich *e signed, *hee the ageement is
difeent fom the decision in m! fa#o. "an it be done;
A, Jes, 0 can *ai#e m! ights unde the judgment. Thee
is no* a ne* ageement bet*een us.
+, "an 0 execute on the oiginal judgment;
A, 2o moe, because the ne* ageement no#ated the
judgment. Ta%e note that in case of no#ation, the ne*
obligation must be totall! incom3atible *ith the )st
obligation.
A elated Guestion,
+, "an one cout b! injunction o estaining ode sto3
the execution of a judgment of anothe cout;
A, AE2ERA( R/(E, 21, because that *ill amount to
intefeence.
E."E$T012S,4*hen the enfocement of a )nal judgment
ma! be sto33ed b! *a! of injunction7
6.7 Rule 3', Section 8,
Rule 3>, Section @D 6re"iminary
injunction pending proceedings! " T%e
cou(t in 2%ic% t%e +etition i$ 0le-,
'&/ *(&nt $uc% +(eli'in&(/ in,unction
&$ '&/ .e nece$$&(/ )o( t%e
+(e$e(1&tion o) t%e (i*%t$ o) t%e
+&(tie$, u+on t%e 0lin* ./ t%e
+etitione( o) & .on- in )&1o( o) t%e
&-1e($e +&(t/, con-itione- t%&t i) t%e
+etition i$ -i$'i$$e- o( t%e +etitione(
)&il$ on t%e t(i&l o) t%e c&$e u+on t%e
'e(it$, %e 2ill +&/ t%e &-1e($e +&(t/
&ll -&'&*e$ &n- co$t$ t%&t '&/ .e
&2&(-e- to %i' ./ (e&$on o) t%e
i$$u&nce o) $uc% in,unction o( t%e
ot%e( +(ocee-in*$ )ollo2in* t%e
+etitionE .ut $uc% in,unction $%&ll not
o+e(&te to -i$c%&(*e o( e#tin*ui$% &n/
lien 2%ic% t%e &-1e($e +&(t/ '&/ %&1e
&c3ui(e- u+on t%e +(o+e(t/ o) t%e
+etitione(!
0n efect, thee is a )nal and executo!
judgment but the cout *ill issue an injunction to
sto3 this enfocement because of the pendency of a
petition for re"ief from judgment.
5.7 :hen thee is an action fo annulment of judgment
of the RT" )led in the "A.
The "A ma! issue a *it of 3elimina!
injunction annulment of judgment, cetioai, o
3ohibition cases *hee the "A *ill issue a
3elimina! injunction to sto3 the RT" fom enfocing
its judgment 3ending the esolution of *hethe its
judgment *as endeed in excess o *ithout
juisdiction< annulment of judgement, cetioai, o
3ohibition cases *hee the "A *ill issue a
3elimina! injunction to sto3 the RT" fom enfocing
its judgement 3ending the esolution of *hethe its
judgement *as endeed in excess o *ithout
juisdiction.
So, those ae the exce3tions.
SE"12- 02STA2"E, "A AHH0RIS T>E RT" J/-AIE2T
+, 0s thee an! othe instances *hee a judgment ma!be
executed as a matte of ight;
A, JES, *hen the losing 3at! a33ealed the RT" decision
to the "A and the "A aPmed the decision of the RT". Qung
ma! a33eal, the judgment is not )nal, !ou cannot execute.
The case is no* in the "A, the "A decided in !ou fa#o, the
RT" judgment *as aPmed and the "A decision has also
become )nal and executo!. So !ou can no* execute.
+, >o* do !ou execute in that situation;
A, That is no* co#eed b! the second and thid
3aaga3hs of Section 6,
I) t%e &++e&l %&$ .een -ul/
+e()ecte- &n- 0n&ll/ (e$ol1e-, t%e
e#ecution '&/ )o(t%2it% .e &++lie- )o(
in t%e cou(t o) o(i*in, on 'otion o) t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*ee, $u.'ittin*
t%e(e2it% ce(ti0e- t(ue co+ie$ o) t%e
,u-*'ent o( ,u-*'ent$ o( 0n&l o(-e(
o( o(-e($ $ou*%t to .e en)o(ce- &n- o)
t%e ent(/ t%e(eo), 2it% notice to t%e
&-1e($e +&(t/!
T%e &++ell&te cou(t '&/, on
'otion in t%e $&'e c&$e, 2%en t%e
inte(e$t o) ,u$tice $o (e3ui(e$, -i(ect
t%e cou(t o) o(i*in to i$$ue t%e 2(it o)
e#ecution!
2o* the usual 3ocedue no, *hen !ou *in in the RT"
and the losing 3at! a33eals, the ecods of the case *ill be
bought to the "A. (ate, thee *ill be a "A decision, .he
judgment of the R.2 of =a#ao 2ity is aHrmed in toto. 2o*
!ou ha#e to *ait fo the "A judgment to become )nal
because that ma! be a33ealed futhe to the S". 0f the
judgment becomes )nal, the cle% of cout *ill ma%e an ent!
of )nal judgment of the "A decision. 2omall! afte that, the
ecods fom the "A *ill be etuned to -a#ao. 0t *ill be sent
bac% to the cout of oigin. 1nce the ecod is bac%, the RT"
5&8
Satisfaction
is su33osed to tell !ou, the ecods ae hee. That is the time
!ou )le a motion fo execution. Jou *ill )le it in the RT".
?ut sometimes, it ta%es months fo the "A to etun the
ecods. That is the touble *ith the "A. 0t ta%es them se#eal
months, *hen the case is a33ealed, befoe the! tell !ou that
the ecod is hee.
0n the $RESE2T ules, this is ta%en fom the S" "icula
5&<9& *hich too% efect in 699&, hindi na %ailangan hinta!in
ang ecods na bumali% dito. Just get a ceti)ed co3! of the
"A decision, get a co3! of the ent! of )nal judgment of the
"A. Jou just attach a co3! of the "A judgment and a
ceti)cate fom the "A cle% of cout that it is alead! )nal
and executo! < meaning, that thee is alead! ent! of )nal
judgment. This is much faste than *aiting fo the ecods to
be etuned.
The )st 3aaga3h in Section 6 nomall! deals *ith
judgment usuall! becoming )nal and executo! in the RT".
The est of the 3aaga3h deals *ith a33eal *hich aPmed
the decision of the RT". So that is the 3ocedue fo execution
both cases, execution is a matte of ight because judgment
is )nal and executo!.
The altenati#e *hich is the last 3aaga3h, in the
inteest of justice, !ou can )le also !ou motion fo execution
in the "A and the "A *ill diect the RT" to issue the *it of
execution.
T>0R- 02STA2"E, "ASES /2-ER SE"T012 &
+, 0s thee anothe instance *hen execution becomes a
matte of ight;
A, This is the thid instance found in Section &,
Sec! ?! Dudgments not stayed ?y
appea"! F Ju-*'ent$ in &ction )o(
in,unction, (ecei1e($%i+, &ccountin*
&n- $u++o(t, &n- $uc% ot%e(
,u-*'ent$ &$ &(e no2 o( '&/
%e(e&)te( .e -ecl&(e- to .e
i''e-i&tel/ e#ecuto(/, $%&ll .e
en)o(ce&.le &)te( t%ei( (en-ition &n-
$%&ll not .e $t&/e- ./ &n &++e&l t&Gen
t%e(e)(o', unle$$ ot%e(2i$e o(-e(e-
./ t%e t(i&l cou(t! On &++e&l
t%e(e)(o', t%e &++ell&te cou(t in it$
-i$c(etion '&/ '&Ge &n o(-e(
$u$+en-in*, 'o-i)/in*, (e$to(in* o(
*(&ntin* t%e in,unction, (ecei1e($%i+,
&ccountin*, o( &2&(- o) $u++o(t!
T%e $t&/ o) e#ecution $%&ll .e
u+on $uc% te('$ &$ to .on- o(
ot%e(2i$e &$ '&/ .e con$i-e(e-
+(o+e( )o( t%e $ecu(it/ o( +(otection o)
t%e (i*%t$ o) t%e &-1e($e +&(t/! ;?&<
AE2ERA( R/(E, 0f thee is an a33eal, the judgment *ill
be sta!ed.
E."E$T012S 4/nde Section &7, Judgments in actions fo
injunction, ecei#eshi3, accounting, su33ot, judgment
declaed to be immediatel! executo!.
So, actions fo injunction, ecei#eshi3, accounting,
su33ot. So fo exam3le, theeOs an injunction fom the
cout, .he defendant is enjoined from trespassing on
p"aintiIJs "and. Then !ou a33ealed. So, the decision is not
)nal. 2o*, if the judgment is not !et )nal, *hat *ill !ou do in
the meantime. So, !ouOll sa!E 4J"" just continue to trespass
?ecause anyway the judgment is not yet !na". Ah hindi !an
3*ede. E#en if the judgment is not !et )nal, e#en if it is on
a33eal, !ou ha#e to hono the injunction. So, in efect, it is a
matte of ight.
Anothe Exam3le, An ode diecting !ou to ende an
accounting. Ta%e the case of eco#e! of 3ossession of land
*ith accounting of the income that !ou ecei#ed. Afte tial,
O@ey, =efendant, you turn o#er the possession of the
property to the p"aintiI and you render an accounting.
A33eal %a. $ag a33eal mo, thee must be an accounting in
the meantime.
So, if thee is a judgment fo an action fo su33ot, !ou
must com3l! *ith the judgment e#en befoe it becomes )nal.
So, the amendment no* includes su33ot and this 3hase,
such other judgments as are now or may hereafter ?e
dec"ared to ?e immediate"y eecutory. An! judgment *hich
is declaed b! la* to be immediatel! executo! has to be
enfoced e#en befoe it becomes )nal and executo! e#en if
thee is an a33eal.
+, Ai#e an exam3le of a la* *hich declaes a judgement
to be immediatel! executo!;
A, The best exam3le *ould be the Summa! $ocedue
*hee a decision of the IT" in a ci#il case is a33ealed to the
RT", the decision of the RT" is immediatel! executo! e#en if
*e go to the "A. 0t has to be executed unless the a33ellate
cout *ill sto3 the execution in the meantime.
H1/RT> 02STA2"E, H1R"0?(E E2TRJ A2- /2(A:H/(
-ETA02ER "ASES
+, 0s thee anothe instance *hen execution becomes a
matte of ight;
A, JES, unde Rule 9C a judgment of the IT" in a
focible ent! o unla*ful detaine case is immediatel!
executo! 4i.e. subject to immediate execution7 e#en if it is
not !et )nal and executo!.
T1 S/IIAR0RE,
+, :hen is execution a matte of ight;
A, 0n the follo*ing,
$.> Section 6, 3aaga3h 6 no a33ealE judgment
becomes )nalE
%.> Section 6, 3aaga3h 5 thee is an a33ealE
once the "A judgment becomes )nalE
5&D
Satisfaction
&.> Section & Judgment in an action fo injunction,
ecei#eshi3, accounting, su33ot, judgment
declaed to be immediatel! executo!E and
'.> Rule 9C Judgments in Hocible Ent! and
/nla*ful -etaine cases.
DISCRETIONARY EXECUTION
4Execution 3ending a33eal7
Section 4! =iscretionary eecution! "
;&< Eecution of a judgment or !na"
order pending appea"! " On 'otion o) t%e
+(e1&ilin* +&(t/ 2it% notice to t%e
&-1e($e +&(t/ 0le- in t%e t(i&l cou(t
2%ile it %&$ ,u(i$-iction o1e( t%e c&$e
&n- i$ in t%e +o$$e$$ion o) eit%e( t%e
o(i*in&l (eco(- o( t%e (eco(- on
&++e&l, &$ t%e c&$e '&/ .e, &t t%e
ti'e o) t%e 0lin* o) $uc% 'otion, $&i-
cou(t '&/, in it$ -i$c(etion, o(-e( t%e
e#ecution o) & ,u-*'ent o( 0n&l o(-e(
e1en .e)o(e t%e e#+i(&tion o) t%e
+e(io- to &++e&l!
A)te( t%e t(i&l cou(t %&$ lo$t
,u(i$-iction, t%e 'otion )o( e#ecution
+en-in* &++e&l '&/ .e 0le- in t%e
&++ell&te cou(t!
Di$c(etion&(/ e#ecution '&/ onl/
i$$ue u+on *oo- (e&$on$ to .e $t&te-
in & $+eci&l o(-e( &)te( -ue %e&(in*!
;.< Eecution of se#era", separate or
partia" judgments! F A $e1e(&l, $e+&(&te
o( +&(ti&l ,u-*'ent '&/ .e e#ecute-
un-e( t%e $&'e te('$ &n- con-ition$
&$ e#ecution o) & ,u-*'ent o( 0n&l
o(-e( +en-in* &++e&l!
:eOll no* go to the second t!3e of execution <
discetiona! o execution 3ending a33eal. -iscetiona!,
meaning, the cout ma! o ma! not ode the execution.
>ee, the 3e#ailing 3at! )les a motion fo execution
*ithin the 68 da!s 3eiod. So in othe *ods, the judgment is
not !et )nal and executo!, nomall!, *ithin the 3eiod to
a33eal.
+, 2omall!, can !ou )le a motion fo execution *ithin
the 3eiod to a33eal;
A, As a ule, !ou cannot because it is not !et )nal. ?ut b!
E."E$T012, Section 5 allo*s !ou, 3o#ided, accoding to the
last 3aaga3h, discetiona! execution ma! onl! issue u3on
Sgood easonO to be stated in the s3ecial ode afte due
heaing.
+, Theefoe, *hat ae the eGuisites fo discetiona!
execution;
A, The follo*ing ae the eGuisites fo discetiona!
execution,
$.> Thee must be a motion )led b! the 3e#ailing
3at!E
%.> Thee must be a notice of the motion gi#en to
the ad#ese 3at!E and
&.> Thee must be good easons to execute to be
stated in a s3ecial ode afte due heaing.
:h! discetiona!; ?ecause the cout ma! o ma! not
gant the execution de3ending on *hethe thee is a good
eason o no good eason. /nli%e in Section 6, *hen the
judgment has become )nal and executo!, !ou do not ha#e
to cite an! good eason. The onl! eason fo the execution is
that the judgment becomes )nal and executo!. ?ut in the
case of execution 3ending a33eal, !ou must justif! it the
3at! must con#ince the cout to gant the execution. And
emembe accoding to the S", execution unde Section 5 is
not the geneal ule, that is the exce3tion.
LThe eGuiement of good eason is im3otant and must
not be o#eloo%ed, because if the judgment is executed and,
on a33eal, the same is e#esed, although thee ae
3o#isions fo estitution, oftentimes damages ma! aise
*hich cannot be full! com3ensated. Accodingl!, execution
should be ganted onl! *hen these consideations ae cleal!
out*eighed b! su3eio cicumstances demanding ugenc!,
and the abo#e 3o#ision eGuies a statement of those
cicumstances as a secuit! fo thei existence.M 4"it! of
?acolod #s. EniGueB, 6C6 $hil. D&&7
0t is e#en a misnome execution 3ending a33eal. Ho all
!ou %no*, the losing 3at! ma! o ma! not a33eal. 0t is
actuall! called execution 3ending a33eal because !ou ae
)ling the motion *ithin the 3eiod to a33eal.
+, :hat *ill ha33en if thee ae no good easons;
A, The *it of execution is #oid because it does not state
*h! !ou ae executing a judgment. 4AH:/ #s. Esti3ona, (<
6993&, -ec. 5', 69D67 And emembe that execution 3ending
a33eal is the exce3tion athe than the ule. And thee is a
3ossibilit! that the judgment in !ou fa#o *ill be e#esed on
a33eal.
+, Su33ose *e *ill execute the judgment 3ending
a33eal and the a33eal *ill 3oceed then it *ill be e#esed,
*hat *ill ha33en then;
A, 0f that ha33ens, then thee is Section 8 eh di,
magsaulian ta!o if it is e#esed totall!, 3atiall!, o annulled
on a33eal o othe*ise. Thee *ill be I/T/A( REST0T/T012.
That is the emed! unde Section 8. ?ut the touble is ang
hia3 man ng saulian, eh. Thee could not be a 6CCT 3efect
estitution. That is the same as%ing the Guestion, how can
you unscram?"e an unscram?"ed eggG This is one eason *h!
execution 3ending a33eal is not fa#oed.
Section @! EIect of re#ersa" of
eecuted judgment! F H%e(e t%e
e#ecute- ,u-*'ent i$ (e1e($e- tot&ll/
o( +&(ti&ll/, o( &nnulle-, on &++e&l o(
ot%e(2i$e, t%e t(i&l cou(t, '&/, on
'otion, i$$ue $uc% o(-e($ &n- ,u$tice
5&9
Satisfaction
'&/ 2&((&nt un-e( t%e ci(cu'$t&nce$
;@&<
+, Ai#e exam3les of 3OO= RE/0O-0 *hich *ould justif!
execution 3ending a33eal.
A, Hollo*ing ae exam3le of good easons,
6.7 :hen thee is dange of the judgment becoming
02EHHE"T/A(. 4Scottish /nion #s. Iacadaeg, 96 $hil.
'967E
0n this case of 7/2/=/E3, the 3laintif sued a
foeign co3oation doing business in the $hili33ines.
So it has assets no; The 3laintif sued the foeign
com3an! and he *on, thee *as a*ad, but hindi 3a
)nal. 0n the meantime, 3laintif leaned the foeign
com3an! is going to sto3 com3letel! its business in
the $hili33ines and the! ae going to send bac% all
thei assets aboad. Sabi ng na 3laintif, /?a
de"i@ado a@o. 0uppose after the appea", 4 sti"" win
and 4 wi"" start running after the defendant na wa"a
naman dito. 4t has no more oHce, no operations, no
assetsK ?ut in the meantime meron paG So the
3laintif )led a motion fo execution 3ending a33eal.
0f *e *ill *ait fo the judgment to become )nal, b!
that time the judgment *ill become inefectual.
5.7 1(- AAEE Thee *as a case an old *oman )les a
case against somebod! to eco#e he land fom the
defendant *hich the latte has de3i#ed he of the
3o3et! fo !eas. The defendant enjo!ed the
3o3et! and the fuits. Afte !eas of litigation she
*on, she *as about 'C. And then mag<aa33eal 3a
!ong %alaban. The old *oman )led a motion in cout
as%ing fo immediate execution e#en if the
judgment is not !et )nal on the agument that 4
ha#e ?een depri#ed for years of the possession and
of the propertyK and there is a pro?a?"e appea"
which may ta@e another coup"e of years. 1y the
time 4 win the case on appea", 4 may a"ready ?e
dead. 4 ha#e not enjoyed the property and the
fruits. The S" said, all ight that is a good eason.
3.7 :hee the a33eal is fo the 3u3ose of -E(AJE
+, >o* about the agument that the intended
a33eal is dilato!; 0t is onl! intended to 3olong the
su33osed execution and theefoe the losing 3at!
has a chance to *in the a33eal. 0s that a good
gound fo execution 3ending a33eal ;
A, 0n the old case of $RES?0TER1 #s. R1-AS 493
$hil. 3CC7 and JANE((A2A #s. +/ER/?02 4Jul! 3C,
69DD7 the S" said that, that is a good eason *hen
the a33eal is inte3osed fo dela!.
>o*e#e, in the case of A+/021 #s. SA2T0AA1
46D6 S"RA 89C7 the S" said that it is not a gound
because it is as if the tial cout is alead! acting li%e
the "A. 0t is onl! the "A *hich has the 3o*e to
claim that the a33eal is *ithout meit. ThatOs
anothe easoning.
?ut in the case of >1IE 02S/RA2"E "1. #s. "A
46'& S"RA 36'7, the S" uled that, that *ould be a
good eason again s3eciall! that thee ae man!
factos to sho* the ineGuit! of not executing the
judgment immediatel! 4if cou3led *ith othe
eason7. ThatOs *h! in the case of
7OME INSURANCE CO! #s. COURT
OF APPEALS
>? SCRA 3>
7ELD, LA good and suPcient eason
u3on *hich to issue execution of the
judgment 3ending a33eal is *hen the
a33eal is being ta%en fo the 3u3ose of
dela!. :hile it is tue that it is not fo the
tial cout to sa! that the a33eal ma! not
3os3e o that it is fi#olous Uso, the S" is
a*ae of these 3onouncementsV, thee ae
cicumstances *hich ma! se#e as cogent
bases fo ai#ing at such a conclusion.M
-ean 0, An exam3le *hee the tial cout
ma!be justi)ed in sa!ing that the a33eal is
dilato! is in default judgements *hee
thee is no e#idence fo the defendant. And
then the defendant a33eals. 2o* *hat is
the chance of e#esal *hen all the
e#idence is fo the 3laintif; The 3ossibilit!
that the judgment *ill be e#esed is
almost Beo 4C7. Theefoe the cout can
ule that the a33eal is dilato! and then
ode the execution of the judgment
3ending a33eal u3on motion of the 3laintif.
The S" continues, LAnothe #ital facto
*hich led tial cout to allo* execution
3ending a33eal *as the 3endenc! of the
case fo moe than 69 !eas so that the
3uchasing 3o*e of the 3eso has
undeniabl! declined. $etitione should be
gi#en elief befoe it is too late.M
P9 COM! #s. COURT OF APPEALS
4=9 SCRA 36? BSe+t! 43, 99=C
7ELD, L0t is signi)cant to stess that
3i#ate es3ondent Halcon is a juidical
entit! and not a natual 3eson. E#en
assuming that it *as indeed in )nancial
distess and on the #ege of facing ci#il o
e#en ciminal suits, the immediate
execution of a judgment in its fa#o
3ending a33eal cannot be justi)ed as
Halcon@s situation ma! not be li%ened to a
case of a natual 3eson *ho ma! be ill o
ma! be of ad#anced age.M
5&'
Satisfaction
LE#en the dange of extinction of the
co3oation *ill not 3e se justif! a
discetiona! execution unless thee ae
sho*ings of othe good easons, such as fo
instance, im3ending insol#enc! of the
ad#ese 3at! o the a33eal being 3atentl!
dilato!. >ence, it is not *ithin com3etence
of the tial cout, in esol#ing a motion fo
execution 3ending a33eal, to ule that the
a33eal is 3atentl! dilato! and el! on the
same as its basis fo )nding good eason to
gant the motion. 1nl! an a33ellate cout
can a33eciate the dilato! intent of an
a33eal as an additional good eason in
u3holding an ode fo execution 3ending
a33eal *hich ma! ha#e been issued b! the
tial cout fo othe good easons, o in
cases *hee the motion fo execution
3ending a33eal is )led *ith the a33ellate
cout in accodance *ith Section 5,
3aaga3h 4a7, Rule 39 of the 6999 Rules of
"out.M
&.7 :hen the successful 3at! )les a ?12-E
+, >ee is a conto#esial Guestion, >o* about
an instance *hen the *inning 3at! ofes to 3ut u3
a bond. >e sa!sE /"right, 4 am as@ing for an order
pending appea". 4 wi"" put up a ?ond to answer for
any damages that the defendant may suIer in the
e#ent that he wins the appea".
A, 0n the old case of >A"0E2-A 2ANARRA #s.
(A?RA-1R 4D8 $hil D387, the S" sim3l! im3lied that
thee is a good gound. >1:ENER, the S" denied
that im3lication in late cases. Among *hich *ee
the cases of R1.AS #s. "A 4689 S"RA 39C7 and $2?
#s. $/21, 469C S"RA 5597 and $>1T1+/0"Q 02". #s.
(A$E2A, JR. 4698 S"RA DD7.
P7ILIPPINE NATIONAL 9AN: #s!
PUNO
=5 SCRA 449
7ELD, LThe mee )ling of a bond
*ould not entitle the 3e#ailing 3at! to an
execution 3ending a33eal. :hate#e
doubts ma! ha#e been geneated b! eal!
decisions in#ol#ing this matte, stating
*ith Hacienda -a#arra, 4nc. #s. ;a?rador, et
a"., ha#e been clai)ed in Roas #s. 2ourt
of /ppea"s, et a".M
LTo conside the mee 3osting of a
bond a Sgood easonO *ould 3ecisel! ma%e
immediate execution of a judgment
3ending a33eal R1/T02ARJ, the ule athe
than the exce3tion. Judgments *ould be
executed immediatel!, as a matte of
couse, once endeed, if all that the
3e#ailing 3at! needed to do *as to 3ost a
bond to ans*e fo the damages that might
esult theefom. This is a situation, to
e3eat, neithe contem3lated no intended
b! la*.M
So, *e might sa! that the 3osting of a bond
*ould be an A--0T012A( A11- REAS12 but it is
21T ?J 0TSE(H a good eason. So, the case of
H/24E-=/ -/B/RR/ B0. ;/1R/=OR has been
misinte3eted.
The second 3aaga3h of Section 5 UaV,
A)te( t%e t(i&l cou(t %&$ lo$t
,u(i$-iction, t%e 'otion )o( e#ecution
+en-in* &++e&l '&/ .e 0le- in t%e
&++ell&te cou(t!
+, :hee can !ou )le !ou motion fo execution 3ending
a33eal;
A, 0t -E$E2-S,
6.7 TR0A( "1/RT < *hile it has juisdiction o#e the
case and the cout is still in 3ossession of
the ecods of the case. Ieaning, 46.7 the
judgment has not !et become )nal < it is
still *ithin the 68 da! 3eiod, and 45.7 the
cout still is in 3ossession of the ecods of
the case.
5.7 A$$E((ATE "1/RT afte the tial cout has
alead! lost juisdiction, the motion fo
execution 3ending a33eal ma! alead! be
)led in the a33ellate cout.
So, if the RT" has no moe juisdiction, then doon %a na
mag<)le ng motion sa "A.
+, :hen *ill the cout lose juisdiction o#e the case ;
A, :ith egad to execution 3ending a33eal, !ou can
coelate this *ith R/(E &6, SE"T012 9, to *it,
Rule ?, Section 9! 6erfection of
appea"K eIect thereof! F A +&(t/I$ &++e&l
./ notice o) &++e&l i$ -ee'e-
+e()ecte- &$ to %i' u+on t%e 0lin* o)
t%e notice o) &++e&l in -ue ti'e!
A +&(t/I$ &++e&l ./ (eco(- on
&++e&l i$ -ee'e- +e()ecte- &$ to %i$
2it% (e$+ect to t%e $u.,ect '&tte(
t%e(eo) u+on &++(o1&l o) t%e (eco(- o)
&++e&l 0le- in -ue ti'e!
In &++e&l$ ./ notice o) &++e&l, t%e
cou(t lo$e$ ,u(i$-iction o1e( t%e c&$e
u+on t%e +e()ection o) t%e &++e&l$
0le- in -ue ti'e &n- t%e e#+i(&tion o)
t%e ti'e to &++e&l o) t%e ot%e(
+&(tie$!
In &++e&l$ ./ (eco(- on &++e&l,
t%e cou(t lo$e$ ,u(i$-iction onl/ o1e(
t%e $u.,ect '&tte( t%e(eo) u+on t%e
5&9
Satisfaction
&++(o1&l o) t%e (eco(-$ on &++e&l 0le-
in -ue ti'e &n- t%e e#+i(&tion o) t%e
ti'e to &++e&l o) t%e ot%e( +&(tie$!
In eit%e( c&$e, +(io( to t%e
t(&n$'itt&l o) t%e o(i*in&l (eco(- o)
t%e (eco(- on &++e&l, t%e cou(t '&/
i$$ue o(-e($ )o( t%e +(otection &n-
+(e$e(1&tion o) t%e (i*%t$ o) t%e
+&(tie$ 2%ic% -o not in1ol1e &n/
'&tte( liti*&te- ./ t%e &++e&l,
&++(o1e co'+(o'i$e$, +e('it &++e&l$
o) in-i*ent liti*&nt$, o(-e( e#ecution
+en-in* &++e&l in &cco(-&nce 2it%
Section 4 o) Rule 39, &n- &llo2
2it%-(&2&l o) t%e &++e&l! ;9&<
The 3hase Lorder eecution pending appea" in
accordance with 0ection % of Ru"e &L *as not thee in the
1ld Rules. 2o*, that has been added and it ji#es *ith
Section 5 3aaga3h 4a7. 2o*, fo as long as the motion is
)led, befoe the cout loses juisdiction and 3o#ided that the
ecods ae still *ith the tial cout , e#en if the a33eal is
subseGuentl! 3efected, it can still act on the motion fo
execution 3ending a33eal.
2o*, let us go bac% to Section 5, Rule 39 on execution of
se#eal, se3aate o 3atial judgments meaning, thee ae
se#eal judgments aising fom the same case,
Rule 39, Section 5 UbV,
.< Eecution of se#era", separate or
partia" judgments! F A $e1e(&l, $e+&(&te
o( +&(ti&l ,u-*'ent '&/ .e e#ecute-
un-e( t%e $&'e te('$ &n- con-ition$
&$ e#ecution o) & ,u-*'ent o( 0n&l
o(-e( +en-in* &++e&l! ;4&<
(et us coelate this 3o#ision *ith Rule 3D, Sections &
and 8 A2- Rule 39, section ',
RULE 36, Sec! ?! 0e#era" judgments!
F In &n &ction &*&in$t $e1e(&l
-e)en-&nt$, t%e cou(t '&/, 2%en &
$e1e(&l ,u-*'ent i$ +(o+e(, (en-e(
,u-*'ent &*&in$t one o( 'o(e o)
t%e', le&1in* t%e &ction to +(ocee-
&*&in$t t%e ot%e($! ;?<
RULE 36, Sec! @! 0eparate
judgments! F H%en 'o(e t%&n one cl&i'
)o( (elie) i$ +(e$ente- in &n &ction, t%e
cou(t, &t &n/ $t&*e, u+on &
-ete('in&tion o) t%e i$$ue$ '&te(i&l
to & +&(ticul&( cl&i' &n- &ll
counte(cl&i'$ &(i$in* out o) t%e
t(&n$&ction o( occu((ence 2%ic% i$ t%e
$u.,ect '&tte( o) t%e cl&i', may
render a separate judgment disposing
of such claim! T%e ,u-*'ent $%&ll
te('in&te t%e &ction 2it% (e$+ect to
t%e cl&i' $o -i$+o$e- o) &n- t%e
&ction $%&ll +(ocee- &$ to t%e
(e'&inin* cl&i'$! In c&$e & $e+&(&te
,u-*'ent i$ (en-e(e-, t%e cou(t ./
o(-e( '&/ $t&/ it$ en)o(ce'ent until
t%e (en-ition o) & $u.$e3uent
,u-*'ent o( ,u-*'ent$ &n- '&/
+(e$c(i.e $uc% con-ition$ &$ '&/ .e
nece$$&(/ to $ecu(e t%e .ene0t
t%e(eo) to t%e +&(t/ in 2%o$e )&1o(
t%e ,u-*'ent i$ (en-e(e-! ;@&<
RULE 3=, Sec! >! EIect of order for
partia" new tria"! F H%en le$$ t%&n &ll o)
t%e i$$ue$ &(e o(-e(e- (et(ie-, t%e
cou(t '&/ eit%e( ente( & ,u-*'ent o(
0n&l o(-e( &$ to t%e (e$t, o( stay the
enforcement of such judgment or fnal
order until after the new trial! ;=&<
+, "an thee be t*o o moe judgments aising out of
one case;
A, JES. 4Rule 3D, Sections & and 87
+, "an the )st judgment be immediatel! executed *hile
*aiting fo endition of the second judgment;
A, Aeneall!, the cout *ill decide. 0f the cout agees,
thee has to be a good eason.
Thee is one inteesting case on execution 3ending
a33eal the case of
RCPI #s! LANTIN
3? SCRA 39@
FACTS, The case of (antin *as an action
fo damages. The cout a*aded the 3laintif
said damages. So, the 3laintif mo#ed fo
discetiona! execution.
ISSUE, :hethe o not execution 3ending
a33eal is 3o3e in a judgment fo damages.
7ELD, The execution 3ending a33eal ma!
be 3o3e fo enfocing the collection of A"T/A(
-AIAAES, but it is not 3o3e to enfoce the
3a!ment of moal o exem3la! damages. So,
this is *hee the S" distinguished.
:h! is it that execution 3ending a33eal is
3o3e fo the collection of actual damages; 0n
actual o com3ensato! damages, the amount
is cetain. 2omall!, thee ae ecei3ts. The
amount is based on e#idence.
?ut the a*ad fo moal o exem3la!
damages is uncetain and inde)nite. 0t is based
on abstact factos li%e slee3less nights,
besmiched e3utation. 0t is had to Guantif! it
based on e#idence.
58C
Satisfaction
The S" said, in man! cases the tial cout
a*ads a huge amount fo exem3la! damages
but on a33eal, the "A efused to a*ad o
totall! eliminate the a*ad. So, if the a*ad of
moal o exem3la! damages is not cetain o
)xed, the execution 3ending a33eal ma! not be
3o3e to enfoce its execution.
Sec! 3! 0tay of discretionary
eecution! F Di$c(etion&(/ e#ecution
i$$ue- un-e( t%e +(ece-in* $ection
'&/ .e $t&/e- u+on &++(o1&l ./ t%e
+(o+e( cou(t o) & $uJcient
$u+e($e-e&$ .on- 0le- ./ t%e +&(t/
&*&in$t 2%o' it i$ -i(ecte-,
con-itione- u+on t%e +e()o('&nce o)
t%e ,u-*'ent o( o(-e( &llo2e- to .e
e#ecute- in c&$e it $%&ll .e 0n&ll/
$u$t&ine- in 2%ole o( in +&(t! T%e
.on- t%u$ *i1en '&/ .e +(ocee-e-
&*&in$t on 'otion 2it% notice to t%e
$u(et/! ;3&<
+, 2o*, assuming that thee is an execution 3ending
a33eal in fa#o of the 3laintif unde Section 5 and 0 am the
defendant, is thee a *a! fo me to sto3 the execution
3ending a33eal;
A, Jou emed! is to a33l! Section 3. The defendant *ill
no* as% the cout to )x a su3esedeas bond to sto3 the
execution 3ending a33eal. The bond *ill ans*e fo an!
damages that the 3laintif ma! sufe if the defendantOs
a33eal is not meitoious.
And once the su3esedeas bond is )led, the cout has to
*ithda* the execution 3ending a33eal. Su3esedeas bond
unde Section 3 is conditioned u3on the 3efomance of the
judgment o ode allo*ed to be executed in case it shall be
)nall! sustained in *hole o in 3at.
AE2ERA( R/(E, :hen a defendant 3uts u3 a
su3esedeas bond, the cout shall ecall the execution
3ending a33eal because discetiona! execution is the
exce3tion athe than the geneal ule.
E."E$T012, 2ot*ithstanding the )ling of the
su3esedeas bond b! the a33ellant, execution 3ending
a33eal ma! still be ganted b! the cout 0H T>ERE ARE
S$E"0A( A2- "1I$E((02A REAS12S justif!ing the same
out*eighing the secuit! ofeed b! the su3esedeas bond.
4-e (eon #s. Soiano, 98 $hil. 'CD7
E.AI$(E 1H E."E$T012, Judgment fo S/$$1RT. The
same ma! be executed 3ending a33eal e#en not*ithstanding
the )ling of a su3esedeas bond b! the a33ellant. 4-e (eon
#s. Soiano, 98 $hil. 'CD7 Su33ot is something *hich should
not be dela!ed. :hat is the use of the su3esedeas bond
*hen the need of the 3laintif is toda! and not 8 o D *ee%s
fom no*; +a?erG,
Alight, let us go to the next im3otant classi)cation of
execution. The othe classi)cation as to the manne of
enfocement could be b! I1T012 o b! 02-E$E2-E2T
A"T012.
EXECUTION 9Y MOTION
EXECUTION 9Y INDEPENDENT ACTION
Sec! 6! Eecution ?y motion or ?y
independent action! F A 0n&l &n-
e#ecuto(/ ,u-*'ent o( o(-e( '&/ .e
e#ecute- on 'otion 2it%in 01e ;@<
/e&($ )(o' t%e -&te o) it$ ent(/! A)te(
t%e l&+$e o) $uc% ti'e, &n- .e)o(e it i$
.&((e- ./ t%e $t&tute o) li'it&tion$, &
,u-*'ent '&/ .e en)o(ce- ./ &ction!
T%e (e1i1e- ,u-*'ent '&/ &l$o .e
en)o(ce- ./ 'otion 2it%in 01e ;@<
/e&($ )(o' t%e -&te o) it$ ent(/ &n-
t%e(e&)te( ./ &ction .e)o(e it i$ .&((e-
./ t%e $t&tute o) li'it&tion$! ;6&<
+, >o* do !ou execute a judgment;
A, Jou )le a motion fo execution befoe the same cout
*hich endeed the judgment.
+, >o* is the execution enfoced;
A, Thee ae t*o 5 modes unde Section D,
6.7 Execution b! motion *ithin )#e 487 !eas fom
the date of its ent!E and
5.7 Execution b! inde3endent action *ithin )#e
487 to ten 46C7 !eas.
Execution ?J I1T012 means that the 3e#ailing 3at!
shall as% the cout to issue a *it of execution b! sim3l! )ling
a motion in the same case.
E.AI$(E, 0 am the 3laintif and 0 ha#e a judgment hee
against the defendant. 0 do not %no* of an! assets of the
defendant because the defendant fo the meantime is as
3oo as a at. ?ut afte a cetain 3eiod of time he becomes a
*ealth! man. All 0 ha#e to do is to )le a motion and the cout
*ill ode the execution, 3o#ided the motion is )led *ithin 8
!eas fom the date of the ent! of judgment. The date of the
ent! of judgment and the date of )nalit! ae the same 4Rule
3D, Section 57.

+, Su33ose the defendant becomes ich afte 8 !eas,
can 0 still )le a motion to execute;
A, 2o moe, because execution b! motion must be )led
*ithin 8 !eas onl! fom the date of its ent!. 0f the judgment
*as not executed *ithin the 8<!ea 3eiod, the judgment has
become dormant.
+, :hat is a domant judgment;
A, A -1RIA2T judgment is one that *as not executed
*ithin 8 !eas.
+, So, ho* can that 4domant7 judgment be a*a%en;
586
Satisfaction
A, The 3ocedue is to )le anothe ci#il action. A ci#il
action fo e#i#al of judgment. That is *hat !ou call
E.E"/T012 ?J 02-E$E2-E2T A"T012 *hich must be )led
befoe it is baed b! the statute of limitations. The second
sentence states, after the "apse of such time <which is (
years> and ?efore it is ?arred ?y the statute of "imitations, a
judgment may ?e enforced ?y action.
+, :hen *ill it be baed b! the statute of limitations ;
A, Accoding to Aticle 66&& of the 2e* "i#il "ode, the
judgment ma! be enfoced onl! *ithin ten 46C7 !eas.
Theefoe, since the judgment *ill be enfoced b! motion
fo )#e 487 !eas, then afte the )fth !ea, it *ill be enfoced
b! inde3endent action. So, 0 *ill stat the ci#il action fo
e#i#al of judgment bet*een o afte the 8th !ea but befoe
the 6Cth !ea. So, that is *hat *e ha#e to emembe.
+, -o !ou mean to tell me that 0 ha#e to )le the case all
o#e again, 3acticall! e3eating *hat ha33ened 8 !eas
ago;
A, 21, because the judgment in the inde3endent action
is a judgment e#i#ing the )st judgment.
Ho exam3le, moe than 8 !eas ago 0 sued !ou to collect
on a 3omisso! note and !ou alleged 3a!ment, and !ou lost
and the cout said that !ou ae liable to me. 1n the se#enth
!ea *hen 0 e#i#ed that judgment, m! ights ae no longe
based o dei#ed on the 3omisso! note but on such
judgment. ?ut !ou can still in#o%e othe defenses such as
lac% of juisdiction, faud. ?ut !ou cannot Guestion the
coectness of the oiginal judgment because that is alead!
es adjudicata. Jou ae entitled to 3ut u3 an! defense that
!ou ha#e against me 3o#ided that !ou cannot Guestion the
coectness of the oiginal judgment. That is the ule.
+, -iscuss bieW! the natue of the action fo
enfocement of a domant judgment.
A, The action fo enfocement of a domant judgment is
an odina! ci#il action the object of *hich is t*o<fold,
namel!, 4a7 to e#i#e the domant judgment, and 4b7 to
execute the judgment e#i#ing it, if it gants the 3laintif an!
elief. >ence, the ights of the judgment<cedito de3end
u3on the second judgment. ?eing an odina! ci#il action, it
is subject to all defenses, objections and counteclaims *hich
the judgment<debto ma! ha#e exce3t that no inGui! can be
made as to the meits of the )st judgment. Theefoe,
defenses that do not go to the meits of the )st judgment,
such as lac% of juisdiction, collusion, faud, o 3esci3tion,
ma! be set su3 b! the judgment<debto. 4"ia. Aal. -e
Tabacos #s. IatineB, 69 $hil. 6DCE Sal#ante #s. /bi "uB, ''
$hil. 53D7 +.a@en from Remedia" ;aw Re#iewer ?y -ue#as,
+, Ai#e the exce3tion to the ule on domant judgment.
A, The onl! eception is the judgment fo su33ot *hich
does not become domant, no does it 3escibe. Jou can
execute it an!time e#en be!ond the 8<!ea 3eiod and an!
un3aid installment ma! be executed b! motion. 4Hloendo #s.
1gano, 9C $hil. &'37 So, e#en if the judgment is moe than 8
!eas old, the defendant defaulted on the se#enth !ea, !ou
just )le a motion to collect that judgment.
+, Su33ose the judgment *as executed and the 3o3et!
of the defendant *as le#ied on the &th !ea, and the next
stage is the auction sale.
A, The S" said the auction sale must also be :0T>02 6C
!eas. So, e#en if the 3o3et! *as le#ied, the auction sale
must be *ithin 6C !eas. 2ot onl! the le#! of the 3o3et!
must be done *ithin 6C !eas but also the including the
auction sale, othe*ise, an! auction sale done be!ond 6C
!eas in null and #oid.
2o*, loo% at the last sentence in Section D, .he re#i#ed
judgment may a"so ?e enforced ?y motion within !#e <(>
years from the date of its entry and thereafter ?y action
?efore it is ?arred ?y the statute of "imitations.
Ho exam3le, 0 ha#e hee a judgment nine 497 !eas ago.
0 *ant to enfoce it b! action to e#i#e judgment. Jou mean to
tell me that the e#i#ed judgment is good fo anothe ten
46C7 !eas; Anothe 8 !eas fo motion to a ight of action
and then 0 can still e#i#e it *ithin 6C !eas;
Alight, in the oiginal case of $2? #s. ?12-1" 46& S"RA
99C7, the S" said that the 3eiod a33lies all o#e again fom
the )nalit! of the e#i#ed judgment. So, !ou ha#e anothe ten
46C7 !eas. >o*e#e, this 3inci3le is abandoned in the late
case of $2? #s. NE(1S1 435 S"RA 5DD7, the S" said that the
oiginal 3eiod is onl! com3uted fom the date of the oiginal
judgment.
And of couse, because of those 5 conWicting cases, the
cout esol#ed those issues in the case of (/R12 S/RETJ "1.
#s. 0A" 4686 S"RA D857 *hee the S" said, the late doctine
of BE;O0O 3e#ails. So, *ith that uling, the 6C<!ea 3eiod
a33lies onl! fom the date of the oiginal judgment, but !ou
cannot sa! that once it is e#i#ed, !ou ha#e anothe 6C
!eas.
?ut no*, !ou loo% at the ne* la*, .he re#i#ed
judgment may a"so ?e enforced ?y motion within !#e <(>
years from the date of its entry and thereafter ?y action
?efore it is ?arred ?y the statute of "imitations. Ano !an;
That is a e#i#al of the 1O-=O2 uling= ?inali% !ung oiginal
uling *hich is, the e#i#ed judgment is good fo anothe 6C
!eas.
So, 0 e3eat, the last sentence has esuected the uling
in the case of 6-1 #s. 1O-=O2 and su3eseded again ;5CO-
#s. 4/2. Jou ae entitled to anothe 6C !eas fom the date of
the e#i#ed judgment.
0((/STRAT012,
Exam3le, Hist judgment became )nal in 699C. Jou can
enfoce that until 5CCC b! motion 4699C<69987 o b!
inde3endent action 46998 5CCC7. Su33ose in 5CCC, !ou
*ee able to secue a second judgment e#i#ing the )st
judgment, unde the ne* ules, thee is anothe ten !eas.
585
Satisfaction
The )st judgment b! motion. The next 8 !eas is b!
inde3endent action. So, to illustate
ARCENAS #s! COURT OF APPEALS
499 SCRA =33 ;Dece'.e( ?, 99><
7ELD, LThe 3u3ose of the action fo
e#i#al of a judgment is not to modif! the
oiginal judgment subject of the action but is
meel! to gi#e a cedito a new right of
enforcement fom the date of e#i#al.M
LThe ule see%s to 3otect judgment
ceditos fom *il! and unscu3ulous debtos
*ho, in ode to e#ade attachment o execution,
cunningl! conceal thei assets and *ait until the
statute of limitation sets in.M
Sec! =! Eecution in case of death of
party! F In c&$e o) t%e -e&t% o) & +&(t/,
e#ecution '&/ i$$ue o( .e en)o(ce- in
t%e )ollo2in* '&nne(D
;&< In c&$e o) t%e -e&t% o) t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*ee, u+on t%e
&++lic&tion o) %i$ e#ecuto( o(
&-'ini$t(&to(, o( $ucce$$o( in inte(e$tE
;.< In c&$e o) t%e -e&t% o) t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*o(, &*&in$t %i$ e#ecuto(
o( &-'ini$t(&to( o( $ucce$$o( in
inte(e$t, i) t%e ,u-*'ent .e )o( t%e
(eco1e(/ o) (e&l o( +e($on&l +(o+e(t/,
o( t%e en)o(ce'ent o) & lien t%e(eonE
;c< In c&$e o) t%e -e&t% o) t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*o(, &)te( e#ecution i$
&ctu&ll/ le1ie- u+on &n/ o) %i$
+(o+e(t/, t%e $&'e '&/ .e $ol- )o( t%e
$&ti$)&ction o) t%e ,u-*'ent
o.li*&tion, &n- t%e oJce( '&Gin* t%e
$&le $%&ll &ccount to t%e
co((e$+on-in* e#ecuto( o(
&-'ini$t(&to( )o( &n/ $u(+lu$ in %i$
%&n-$! ;=&<
This is elated to Rule 3, Section 5C.
+, :hat is the efect of a death of a 3at! on the
execution of a judgment;
A, The follo*ing,
6.7 0f it is the obligee 4the cedito7 *ill die afte he
*ins the case, his executo o
administato, his legal e3esentati#e o
his heis and successos in inteest can
enfoce the judgment. The! *ill be the one
to collect. 43aaga3h UaV7
5.7 0f it is the defendant 4obligo7 *ho dies and
thee is )nal judgment *hich is eco#e! of
eal o 3esonal 3o3et!, the judgment is
executed against the administato o
executo because this is an action *hich
su#i#es. 43aaga3h UbV7E
3.7 /nde 3a. 4c7, it is the death of the obligo in a
mone! claim. This is elated to Rule 3,
Section 5C. >o*e#e, the timing of the
death is difeent. (et us connect these
*ith Rule 3, Sec. 5C,
Sec! 45! /ction on contractua" money
c"aims! F H%en t%e &ction i$ )o(
(eco1e(/ o) 'one/ &(i$in* )(o'
cont(&ct, e#+(e$$ o( i'+lie-, &n- t%e
-e)en-&nt -ie$ .e)o(e ent(/ o) 0n&l
,u-*'ent in t%e cou(t in 2%ic% t%e
&ction 2&$ +en-in* &t t%e ti'e o) $uc%
-e&t%, it $%&ll not .e -i$'i$$e- .ut
$%&ll in$te&- .e &llo2e- to continue
until ent(/ o) 0n&l ,u-*'ent! A
)&1o(&.le ,u-*'ent o.t&ine- ./ t%e
+l&intiK t%e(ein $%&ll .e en)o(ce- in
t%e '&nne( e$+eci&ll/ +(o1i-e- in
t%e$e Rule$ )o( +(o$ecutin* cl&i'$
&*&in$t t%e e$t&te o) & -ece&$e-
+e($on! ;4&<
So, fo E.AI$(E, A )led a case against ? to collect an
un3aid loan. :hat is the efect to the case if ? dies; 0t *ill
de3end on *hat stage of the case he dies. 0f he died befoe
)nal judgment could be endeed b! the cout 4befoe ent!
of )nal judgment7, thee *ill be a substitution of 3at! and
the case *ill continue until ent! of )nal judgment.
Su33ose, thee is alead! ent! of )nal judgment and he
dies, it *ill de3end *hethe thee *as alead! a le#! on
execution. Ieaning, thee *as alead! ent! of )nal
judgment but befoe the 3o3et! is le#ied. This should not
a33l! in Rule 39 because Section 9 UcV states that Lafte
execution is le#ied.M
?ut m! Guestion is no le#!. The 3ocedue thee is found
in the S3ecial $oceedings. The judgment shall be enfoced
in the manne 3o#ided fo b! the Rules on claims against the
estate of the deceased unde Rule 'D. And that is also
mentioned in Rule 3, Section 5C. 0t shall be enfoced in the
manne 3o#ided fo against the estate.
+, Su33ose the defendant dies *hen thee is alead! a
le#!. :hat *ill ha33en;
A, The auction sale *ill 3oceed as scheduled in
connection *ith Section 9 UcV because the la* sa!s Lthe
583
455 455@
Satisfaction
same may ?e so"d for the satisfaction of the judgment
o?"igation.M Ieaning, the auction sale o the execution sale
shall 3oceed as scheduled. 2o moe substitution hee.
So that Guestion, What is the eIect of the death of a
party on a pending ci#i" case is a Guestion *ith so man!
angles anong %laseng %aso;E is it one *hich is 3esonal in
natue o not;E if it is not, is it one *hich su#i#es o one
*hich does not;E if it does not su#i#e, *ho died;E the
3laintif o the defendant; if it is the defendant, did he die
befoe ent! of )nal judgment;E did he die afte ent! of )nal
judgment but befoe thee could be le#! o execution;E o did
he die afte le#! o execution; This last Guestion is
ans*eed b! Section 9 UcV.
Sec! >! 4ssuance, form and contents of
a writ of eecution! F T%e 2(it o)
e#ecution $%&llD
;< i$$ue in t%e n&'e o) t%e
Re+u.lic o) t%e P%ili++ine$ )(o' t%e
cou(t 2%ic% *(&nte- t%e 'otionE
;4< $t&te t%e n&'e o) t%e cou(t,
t%e c&$e nu'.e( &n- title, t%e
-i$+o$iti1e +&(t o) t%e $u.,ect
,u-*'ent o( o(-e(E &n- ;3< (e3ui(e t%e
$%e(iK o( ot%e( +(o+e( oJce( to 2%o'
it i$ -i(ecte- to en)o(ce t%e 2(it
&cco(-in* to it$ te('$, in t%e '&nne(
%e(ein&)te( +(o1i-e-D
;&< I) t%e e#ecution .e &*&in$t t%e
+(o+e(t/ o) t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o(, to
$&ti$)/ t%e ,u-*'ent, 2it% inte(e$t,
out o) t%e (e&l o( +e($on&l +(o+e(t/ o)
$uc% ,u-*'ent o.li*o(E
;.< I) it .e &*&in$t (e&l o( +e($on&l
+(o+e(t/ in t%e %&n-$ o) +e($on&l
(e+(e$ent&ti1e$, %ei($, -e1i$ee$,
le*&tee$, ten&nt$, o( t(u$tee$ o) t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*o(, to $&ti$)/ t%e
,u-*'ent, 2it% inte(e$t, out o) $uc%
+(o+e(t/E
;c< I) it .e )o( t%e $&le o) (e&l o(
+e($on&l +(o+e(t/, to $ell $uc%
+(o+e(t/, -e$c(i.in* it, &n- &++l/ t%e
+(ocee-$ in con)o('it/ 2it% t%e
,u-*'ent, t%e '&te(i&l +&(t$ o) 2%ic%
$%&ll .e (ecite- in t%e 2(it o)
e#ecution!
;-< I) it .e )o( t%e -eli1e(/ o) t%e
+o$$e$$ion o) (e&l o( +e($on&l
+(o+e(t/, to -eli1e( t%e +o$$e$$ion o)
t%e $&'e, -e$c(i.in* it, to t%e +&(t/
entitle- t%e(eto, &n- to $&ti$)/ &n/
co$t$, -&'&*e$, (ent$, o( +(o0t$
co1e(e- ./ t%e ,u-*'ent out o) t%e
+e($on&l +(o+e(t/ o) t%e +e($on
&*&in$t 2%o' it 2&$ (en-e(e-, &n- i)
$uJcient +e($on&l +(o+e(t/ c&nnot .e
)oun-, t%en out o) t%e (e&l +(o+e(t/E
&n-
;e< In &ll c&$e$, t%e 2(it o)
e#ecution $%&ll $+eci0c&ll/ $t&te t%e
&'ount o) t%e inte(e$t, co$t$,
-&'&*e$, (ent$, o( +(o0t$ -ue &$ o)
t%e -&te o) t%e i$$u&nce o) t%e 2(it,
&$i-e )(o' t%e +(inci+&l o.li*&tion
un-e( t%e ,u-*'ent! Fo( t%i$ +u(+o$e,
t%e 'otion )o( e#ecution $%&ll $+eci)/
t%e &'ount$ o) t%e )o(e*oin* (elie)$
$ou*%t ./ t%e 'o1&nt! ;>&<
:R0T 1H E.E"/T012 is actuall! the document *hich is
issued b! the cout addessed to the sheif. The *it is
actuall! the instuction to the sheif on *hat he should do. 0t
*ould de3end on *hat %ind of decision is it an action fo
sum of mone! o is it fo eco#e! of eal 3o3et!;
Iimeoga3hed i!an, addessed to the sheif. These ae
standad foms in cout.
2o*, *ith es3ect to Section ', the changes can be
found in 3aaga3h UeV *hich mandates no* that the *it of
execution must state the exact amount to be collected. That
is *h! accoding to the last sentence of 3aaga3h UeV, for
this purpose, the motion for eecution sha"" specify the
amounts of the foregoing re"iefs sought ?y the mo#ant.
2omall!, *hen la*!es )le a motion to execute the! *ill
just Guote the 3inci3al, but the! do not state the costs o
inteests. 2o*, unde the ne* ule, *hen !ou )le the motion
fo execution, !ou must also state ho* much is the costs o
inteests.
EXECUTION OF MONEY JUDGMENT
>o* do !ou execute judgment fo mone!; "ontactual
debts o damages. Exam3le, the defendant is odeed to 3a!
defendant $6 million *ith inteest, ho* does the sheif
enfoce that; Section 9 3o#ides a detailed ex3lanation on
ho* judgment fo mone! is enfoced. (et us go o#e the )st
3aaga3h,
Sec! 9! Eecution of judgments
for money, how enforced! F
<a> 4mmediate payment on demand. F
T%e oJce( $%&ll en)o(ce &n e#ecution
o) & ,u-*'ent )o( 'one/ ./
-e'&n-in* )(o' t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o(
t%e i''e-i&te +&/'ent o) t%e )ull
&'ount $t&te- in t%e 2(it o) e#ecution
&n- &ll l&2)ul )ee$! T%e ,u-*'ent
o.li*o( $%&ll +&/ in c&$%, ce(ti0e-
.&nG c%ecG +&/&.le to t%e ,u-*'ent
o.li*ee, o( &n/ ot%e( )o(' o) +&/'ent
&cce+t&.le to t%e l&tte(, t%e &'ount o)
t%e ,u-*'ent -e.t un-e( +(o+e(
58&
Satisfaction
(ecei+t -i(ectl/ to t%e ,u-*'ent
o.li*ee o( %i$ &ut%o(iLe-
(e+(e$ent&ti1e i) +(e$ent &t t%e ti'e
o) +&/'ent! T%e l&2)ul )ee$ $%&ll .e
%&n-e- un-e( +(o+e( (ecei+t to t%e
e#ecutin* $%e(iK 2%o $%&ll tu(n o1e(
t%e $&i- &'ount 2it%in t%e $&'e -&/
to t%e cle(G o) cou(t o) t%e cou(t t%&t
i$$ue- t%e 2(it!
STE$S, 4unde 3aaga3h UaV7
6.7 The sheif must demand 3a!ment fom the
obligoE
5.7 The obligo can 3a! in cash, ceti)ed ban%
chec% 3a!able to the judgment obligee
4cedito7 o an! othe fom of 3a!ment
acce3table to the latte. Qung sabihin ng
obligo, Eung @otse @o na "ang. That *ill
be alight so long as it is also alight *ith
the obligeeE
3.7 The 3a!ment shall go to the obligeeE
&.7 The la*ful fees shall be 3aid to the executing
sheif *ho shall tun o#e the said amount
*ithin the same da! to the cle% of cout of
the cout that issued the *it.
This assumes that the obligee is 3esent *ith sheif.
Su33ose the cedito is not aound; (et us go to the second
3aaga3h,
Section 9 B&C, 4n- +&(! " I) t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*ee o( %i$ &ut%o(iLe-
(e+(e$ent&ti1e i$ not +(e$ent to
(ecei1e +&/'ent, t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o(
$%&ll -eli1e( t%e &)o(e$&i- +&/'ent to
t%e e#ecutin* $%e(iK! T%e l&tte( $%&ll
tu(n o1e( &ll t%e &'ount$ co'in* into
%i$ +o$$e$$ion 2it%in t%e $&'e -&/ to
t%e cle(G o) cou(t o) t%e cou(t t%&t
i$$ue- t%e 2(it, o( i) t%e $&'e i$ not
+(&ctic&.le, -e+o$it $&i- &'ount$ to &
0-uci&(/ &ccount in t%e ne&(e$t
*o1e(n'ent -e+o$ito(/ .&nG o) t%e
Re*ion&l T(i&l Cou(t o) t%e loc&lit/!
0f the 3laintif is not thee, the 3a!ment is made to the
sheif and he is su33osed to endose it to the cle% of cout.
The cle% of cout *ill loo% fo the obligee to emit the mone!.
0n the second sentence, this usuall! ha33ens if the
execution is to be done outside of the localit!. Ho exam3le,
the decision in -a#ao *ill be enfoced in "otabato. So, the
sheif in "otabato *ill be the one to enfoce and he *ill gi#e
the 3a!ment to the cle% of cout thee *ho in tun *ill
tansmit the mone! to the cle% of cout in -a#ao. This is
because the decision to be executed is one in -a#ao.
(et us go to the thid 3aaga3h,
T%e cle(G o) $&i- cou(t $%&ll
t%e(e&)te( &((&n*e )o( t%e (e'itt&nce
o) t%e -e+o$it to t%e &ccount o) t%e
cou(t t%&t i$$ue- t%e 2(it 2%o$e cle(G
o) cou(t $%&ll t%en -eli1e( $&i-
+&/'ent to t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*ee in
$&ti$)&ction o) t%e ,u-*'ent! T%e
e#ce$$, i) &n/, $%&ll .e -eli1e(e- to
t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o( 2%ile t%e l&2)ul
)ee$ $%&ll .e (et&ine- ./ t%e cle(G o)
cou(t )o( -i$+o$ition &$ +(o1i-e- ./
l&2! In no c&$e $%&ll t%e e#ecutin*
$%e(iK -e'&n- t%&t &n/ +&/'ent ./
c%ecG .e '&-e +&/&.le to %i'!
This assumes that the 3o3et! of the defendant *hich
*as le#ied in "otabato but judgment is one *hich oiginated
in -a#ao cle% to cle%.
The last sentence sa!s L4n no case sha"" the eecuting
sheriI demand that any payment ?y chec@ ?e made paya?"e
to him.M 0t shall be 3a!able to the obligee. 0 thin% *hat the S"
*ould li%e to a#oid hee is that *hich ha33ened in the case of
$A( a labo case *hee $A( 3aid chec% 3a!able to the
sheif. The sheif an a*a! *ith the chec%. $A( *as made to
3a! all o#e again.
;.< 0atisfaction ?y "e#y! F I) t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*o( c&nnot +&/ &ll o(
+&(t o) t%e o.li*&tion in c&$%, ce(ti0e-
.&nG c%ecG o( ot%e( 'o-e o) +&/'ent
&cce+t&.le to t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*ee,
t%e oJce( $%&ll le1/ u+on t%e
+(o+e(tie$ o) t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o( o)
e1e(/ Gin- &n- n&tu(e 2%&t$oe1e(
2%ic% '&/ .e -i$+o$e- o) )o( 1&lue
&n- not ot%e(2i$e e#e'+t )(o'
e#ecution *i1in* t%e l&tte( t%e o+tion
to i''e-i&tel/ c%oo$e 2%ic% +(o+e(t/
o( +&(t t%e(eo) '&/ .e le1ie- u+on,
$uJcient to $&ti$)/ t%e ,u-*'ent! I)
t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o( -oe$ not
e#e(ci$e t%e o+tion, t%e oJce( $%&ll
0($t le1/ on t%e +e($on&l +(o+e(tie$, i)
&n/, &n- t%en on t%e (e&l +(o+e(tie$ i)
t%e +e($on&l +(o+e(tie$ &(e $uJcient
to &n$2e( )o( t%e ,u-*'ent!
So, unde 3aaga3h UaV, the )st ste3 is *hen the
judgment debto has enough mone!, ba!aan ni!a in cash o
chec%.
+, Su33ose *alang 3ea, o the cash is not suPcient.
:hat *ill the sheif do;
A, >e shall le#! u3on the 3o3eties of the judgment
obligo not othe*ise exem3t fom execution. 0n the
#enacula tem, sasabihing SnaFsheriIJ %a.
588
Satisfaction

+, -e)ne le#!.
A, (e#! is the act *heeb! a sheif sets a3at o
a33o3iates, fo the 3u3ose of satisf!ing the command of
the *it, a 3at o the *hole of the judgment<debtoOs
3o3et!. 4NalenBuela #s. -e Aguila, (<6'C'3<'&, Ia! 36,
69D37 2omall!, this is done on 3esonal 3o3et!. Qung lu3a
naman, the! *ill annotate on the title. $aang motgage ba.
+, :hat is the im3otance of le#! *ith es3ect to
execution of a mone! judgment;
A, (e#! is a 3e<eGuisite to the auction sale. 0n ode
that an execution sale ma! be #alid, thee must be a
3e#ious #alid le#!. A sale not 3eceded b! a #alid le#! is #oid
and the 3uchase acGuies no title. 4NalenBuela #s. -e
Aguila, (<6'C'3<'&, Ia! 36, 69D37
+, :hat %ind of 3o3et! can be le#ied;
A, An! eal, 3esonal, tangible, intangible exce3t those
3o3eties exem3t fom execution.
+, -oes the debto has the ight to tell the sheif *hat
3o3et! he should le#!;
A, JES. The la* gi#es the debto o defendant the o3tion
to immediatel! choose *hich 3o3et! o 3at theeof ma! be
le#ied u3on suPcient to satisf! the judgment. Eamp"e, 0 am
the debto and 0 ha#e man! 3o3eties. And the sheif *ould
li%e to le#! on m! house and lot, o S!ung To!ota Altis %o.
/nde the la*, 0 ha#e the ight to choose among them.
The 3hase Lgi#ing the "atter the option to immediate"y
choose which property or part thereof may ?e "e#ied upon,
suHcient to satisfy the judgment. This did not a33ea unde
the old la*. This is ta%en fom the case of $>0(0$$02E I0((S
#s. -AJR0T 4695 S"RA 6997, *hee the S" said the debto is
gi#en the o3tion of *hich 3o3et! shall be le#ied.
And the seGuence of le#!ing is to le#! the 3esonal
3o3eties )st. Then eal 3o3eties if 3esonal 3o3eties ae
not suPcient.
/nde the second 3aaga3h of UbV, *hen the sheif
le#ies on the 3o3et! of the judgment debto and the
judgment debto has moe than suPcient 3o3et! to co#e
the judgment debt, the sheif cannot le#! all the 3o3eties.
1 else, he *ill be made liable. Ho exam3le, the debt is onl!
$ 3C,CCC, ta3os ang i<le#! mo %otse 4To!ota Altis7 at baha!,
*hich *oth millions; I! goll!= ThatOs too much= Jou sell onl!
u3 to the 3oint that the judgment *ill be satis)ed.
+, ?ut if it is eal 3o3et! o intangible 3esonal
3o3et! li%e shaes of stoc%, debts, cedits 4collectibles7, can
!ou le#! on these;
A, JES. And unde the last 3aaga3h of UbV The! ma! be
le#ied u3on in li%e manne and *ith li%e efect as unde a *it
of attachment unde Rule 89 on attachment.
AAR20S>IE2T >1: T1 (ENJ
$aaga3h UcV of Section 9 is on ho* to le#! intangibles.
:hen !ou *ant to le#! o !ou *ant to execute on intangible
3o3et!, the legal tem thee is ganishment.
;c< 3arnishment of de?ts and credits!
F T%e oJce( '&/ le1/ on -e.t$ -ue t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*o( &n- ot%e( c(e-it$,
inclu-in* .&nG -e+o$it$, 0n&nci&l
inte(e$t$, (o/&ltie$, co''i$$ion$ &n-
ot%e( +e($on&l +(o+e(t/ not c&+&.le o)
'&nu&l -eli1e(/ in t%e +o$$e$$ion o(
cont(ol o) t%i(- +&(tie$! Le1/ $%&ll .e
'&-e ./ $e(1in* notice u+on t%e
+e($on o2in* $uc% -e.t$ o( %&1in* in
%i$ +o$$e$$ion o( cont(ol $uc% c(e-it$
to 2%ic% t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o( i$
entitle-! T%e *&(ni$%'ent $%&ll co1e(
onl/ $uc% &'ount &$ 2ill $&ti$)/ t%e
,u-*'ent &n- &ll l&2)ul )ee$!
T%e *&(ni$%ee $%&ll '&Ge &
2(itten (e+o(t to t%e cou(t 2it%in 01e
;@< -&/$ )(o' $e(1ice o) t%e notice o)
*&(ni$%'ent $t&tin* 2%et%e( o( not
t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o( %&$ $uJcient
)un-$ o( c(e-it$ to $&ti$)/ t%e &'ount
o) t%e ,u-*'ent! I) not, t%e (e+o(t
$%&ll $t&te %o2 'uc% )un-$ o( c(e-it$
t%e *&(ni$%ee %ol-$ )o( t%e ,u-*'ent
o.li*o(! T%e *&(ni$%e- &'ount in c&$%,
o( ce(ti0e- .&nG c%ecG i$$ue- in t%e
n&'e o) t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*ee, $%&ll
.e -eli1e(e- -i(ectl/ to t%e ,u-*'ent
o.li*ee 2it%in ten ;5< 2o(Gin* -&/$
)(o' $e(1ice o) notice on $&i-
*&(ni$%ee (e3ui(in* $uc% -eli1e(/,
e#ce+t t%e l&2)ul )ee$ 2%ic% $%&ll .e
+&i- -i(ectl/ to t%e cou(t!
In t%e e1ent t%e(e &(e t2o o( 'o(e
*&(ni$%ee$ %ol-in* -e+o$it$ o( c(e-it$
$uJcient to $&ti$)/ t%e ,u-*'ent, t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*o(, i) &1&il&.le, $%&ll
%&1e t%e (i*%t to in-ic&te t%e
*&(ni$%ee o( *&(ni$%ee$ 2%o $%&ll .e
(e3ui(e- to -eli1e( t%e &'ount -ueE
ot%e(2i$e, t%e c%oice $%&ll .e '&-e ./
t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*ee!
T%e e#ecutin* $%e(iK $%&ll o.$e(1e
t%e $&'e +(oce-u(e un-e( +&(&*(&+%
;&< 2it% (e$+ect to -eli1e(/ o)
+&/'ent to t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*ee! ;>&,
@&<
+, So, *hat ae these 3o3eties *hich ma! be the
subject of ganishment;
A, "edits *hich include ban% de3osits, )nancial
inteests, o!alties, commissions and othe 3esonal 3o3et!
not ca3able of manual deli#e! intangibles bah= Jou send a
notice u3on the 3eson o*ing such debts o ha#ing in his
3ossession o contol such cedits. And it shall co#e onl!
such amount as *ill satisf! the judgment.
58D
Satisfaction
Exam3le of ganishment, ban% account. 0 *ill )le a case
against !ou, talo %a. 0 leaned that !ou ha#e a de3osit *ith
Sani%oh ?an%. $u*ede %ong habulin !an ba, because that is
cedit. 0n obligations and contacts, the elationshi3 of the
de3osito and the ban% is that of a cedito and debto. 0t is
not a contact of de3osit because actuall!, the ban% is
boo*ing mone! fom !ou. Qa!a nga, it 3a!s !ou inteest
eh.
So, unde ganishment, the ban% is being commanded
not to 3a! !ou but instead 3a! the sheif. Jaan== Jan ang
conce3t ng ganishment. Aanishee efes to the debto, li%e
the ban%. :hen the ban% de3osit is ganished, the second
3aaga3h tell us *hat the ban% *ill do. And if thee ae 5 o
moe ban%s na ma<ganish, unde the next 3aaga3h, the
debto obligo *ill detemine. 0f he does not execise his
o3tion, then the judgment cedito *ill detemine.
EXECUTION OF JUDGMENT OT7ER T7AN MONEY
Section 6C is the 3ocedue fo executing a judgment
othe than to collect mone!. Sometimes, mone! is onl!
incidental. Thee ae cout decisions could be something else
li%e s3eci)c 3efomance, o accion 3ubliciana. Jou ae moe
inteested in eco#eing !ou 3o3et!. Anothe is /nla*ful
-etaine *hee un3aid entals ma! be 3aid but the 3laintif is
moe inteested in the ejectment the un3aid entals can be
collected in the same manne as Section 9.
Sec! 5! Eecution of judgments
of speci!c act! F
;&< 2on#eyance, de"i#ery of deeds, or
other speci!c actsK #esting tit"e. F I) &
,u-*'ent -i(ect$ & +&(t/ to e#ecute &
con1e/&nce o) l&n- o( +e($on&l
+(o+e(t/, o( to -eli1e( -ee-$ o( ot%e(
-ocu'ent$, o( to +e()o(' &n/ ot%e(
$+eci0c &ct in connection t%e(e2it%,
&n- t%e +&(t/ )&il$ to co'+l/ 2it%in
t%e ti'e $+eci0e-, t%e cou(t '&/
-i(ect t%e &ct to .e -one &t t%e co$t o)
t%e -i$o.e-ient +&(t/ ./ $o'e ot%e(
+e($on &++ointe- ./ t%e cou(t &n- t%e
&ct 2%en $o -one $%&ll %&1e liGe eKect
&$ i) -one ./ t%e +&(t/! I) (e&l o(
+e($on&l +(o+e(t/ i$ $itu&te- 2it%in
t%e P%ili++ine$, t%e cou(t in lieu o)
-i(ectin* & con1e/&nce t%e(eo) '&/ ./
&n o(-e( -i1e$t t%e title o) &n/ +&(t/
&n- 1e$t it in ot%e($, 2%ic% $%&ll %&1e
t%e )o(ce &n- eKect o) & con1e/&nce
e#ecute- in -ue )o(' o) l&2! ;5&<
# # # # #
E.AI$(ES of the )st sentence,
6.7 An action fo econ#e!ance of 3o3et! *hee
!ou ae as%ing the defendant, a title o*ne, to
con#e! to !ou his 3o3et!. The 3o3et! *ill be
held in tust o that the title be in !ou name
instead of hisE
5.7 $acto de eto. 0 sold to !ou m! land and 0 am
e3uchasing it, 3eo a!a* mo. Jou efuse to
execute a deed of sale etuning the 3o3et! to
meE
3.7 $ublic (and (a*. 0 am the o*ne of a 3o3et!
unde homestead o fee 3atent and sold it afte
the 3ohibition 3eiod. /nde the 3ublic land
la*, 0 ha#e the ight to e3uchase it *ithin 8
!eas. A!a* mong ibali%, so idemanda %ita. 1f
couse, if 0 *in, !ou *ill be diected to etun to
me the 3o3et! and execute a deed of sale.
&.7 An action fo s3eci)c 3efomance to com3el
!ou to etun to me said 3o3et!. And the
cout *ill ode, /"right, eecute a deed of
sa"e. Jou efuse. The cout ma! ode the cle%
of cout to sign the deed of sale o the Registe
of -eeds *ill be odeed to egiste the same as
if done b! the obligo. The obligoOs signatue is
not needed.
;.< 0a"e of rea" or persona" property! F
I) t%e ,u-*'ent .e )o( t%e $&le o) (e&l
o( +e($on&l +(o+e(t/, to $ell $uc%
+(o+e(t/, -e$c(i.in* it, &n- &++l/ t%e
+(ocee-$ in con)o('it/ 2it% t%e
,u-*'ent! ;> BcC &<
The best exam3le fo UbV is an action fo temination of
co<o*neshi3 *hee thee ae 8C co<o*nes of one 467
hectae the 3o3et! *ill be odeed sold and the 3oceeds
*ill be distibuted among the co<o*nes.
;c< =e"i#ery or restitution of rea"
property! F T%e oJce( $%&ll -e'&n- o)
t%e +e($on &*&in$t 2%o' t%e
,u-*'ent )o( t%e -eli1e(/ o(
(e$titution o) (e&l +(o+e(t/ i$ (en-e(e-
&n- &ll +e($on$ cl&i'in* (i*%t$ un-e(
%i' to +e&ce&.l/ 1&c&te t%e +(o+e(t/
2it%in t%(ee ;3< 2o(Gin* -&/$, &n-
(e$to(e +o$$e$$ion t%e(eo) to t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*eeE ot%e(2i$e, t%e
oJce( $%&ll ou$t &ll $uc% +e($on$
t%e(e)(o' 2it% t%e &$$i$t&nce, i)
nece$$&(/, o( &++(o+(i&te +e&ce
oJce($, &n- e'+lo/in* $uc% 'e&n$ &$
'&/ .e (e&$on&.l/ nece$$&(/ to
(et&Ge +o$$e$$ion, &n- +l&ce t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*ee in +o$$e$$ion o)
$uc% +(o+e(t/! An/ co$t$, -&'&*e$,
(ent$ o( +(o0t$ &2&(-e- ./ t%e
,u-*'ent $%&ll .e $&ti$0e- in t%e
$&'e '&nne( &$ & ,u-*'ent )o(
'one/! ;3&<
589
Satisfaction
2o*, *ith es3ect to Section 6C, 3aticulal! 3aaga3h
UcV deli#e! o estitution of eal 3o3et!. this is a33licable
to actions fo focible ent!, unla*ful detaine, accion
3ubliciana.
+, So, *hat is the 3ocedue;
A, The sheif *ill gi#e the defendant the chance to
#acate the 3o3et!, 4 am gi#ing you the chance to #acate
within three <&> wor@ing days and restore possession
thereof. And then a!a* mo 3a in, 0 *ill use foce to oust
!ou *ith the assistance of the a33o3iate 3eace oPces and
3lace the judgment obligee in 3ossession of such 3o3et!.
And if thee ae damages o un3aid entals, 0 *ill also
le#! the 3o3et! unde Section 9. ?ecause sometimes, aside
fom ousting the defendant, meon 3ang mone! judgment
li%e un3aid entals. So, the 3o3et! of the defendant ma! be
le#ied. That is the 3ocedue.
0n the 6998 case of
SAN MANUEL #s! TUPAS
4?9 SCRA ?66
7ELD, LThe immediate enfocement of a
*it of ejectment execution is caied out b!
gi#ing the defendant a notice of such *it and
ma%ing a demand that defendant com3l!
thee*ith *ithin a easonable 3eiod, nomall!
fom thee 437 to )#e 487 da!s, and it is onl!
afte such 3eiod that the sheif enfoces the
*it b! the bodil! emo#al of the defendant and
his 3esonal belongings.M
<d> Remo#a" of impro#ements on
property su?ject of eecution! F H%en t%e
+(o+e(t/ $u.,ect o) t%e e#ecution
cont&in$ i'+(o1e'ent$ con$t(ucte- o(
+l&nte- ./ t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o( o( %i$
&*ent, t%e oJce( $%&ll not -e$t(o/,
-e'oli$% o( (e'o1e $&i-
i'+(o1e'ent$ e#ce+t u+on $+eci&l
o(-e( o) t%e cou(t, i$$ue- u+on 'otion
o) t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*ee &)te( -ue
%e&(in* &n- &)te( t%e )o('e( %&$
)&ile- to (e'o1e t%e $&'e 2it%in &
(e&$on&.le ti'e 0#e- ./ t%e cou(t!
;?&<
+, :hen !ou oust the defendant in egad of a
3ossession case, is a *it of execution a suPcient basis fo
the emo#al of im3o#ements of the 3o3et!;
A, 21. /nde 3aaga3h UdV, the 3laintif o judgment
obligee still ha#e to get a s3ecial ode fom the cout b!
)ling a 3etition to authoiBe the destuction o emo#al of the
im3o#ements of the 3o3et! afte the defendant is gi#en a
easonable time to emo#e his shant! o house #oluntail!.
0n othe *ods, thee must be a s3ecial ode. The *it of
execution onl! authoiBes !ou to oust the defendant
3h!sicall!, but not to desto! an! 3o3et!. Just li%e in
sGuattes, !ou need a s3ecial ode fo demolition.
<e> =e"i#ery of persona" property! F In
,u-*'ent$ )o( t%e -eli1e(/ o) +e($on&l
+(o+e(t/, t%e oJce( $%&ll t&Ge
+o$$e$$ion o) t%e $&'e &n- )o(t%2it%
-eli1e( it to t%e +&(t/ entitle- t%e(eto
&n- $&ti$)/ &n/ ,u-*'ent )o( 'one/ &$
t%e(ein +(o1i-e-! ;>&<
$aaga3h UeV is elated to RE$(EN02 action to eco#e
3esonal 3o3et! *hee the 3laintif is t!ing to e3ossess a
3esonal 3o3et! fom the defendant. Ho exam3le, bili %a ng
a33liance ta3os hindi mo naba!aan, baba*iin !an ng
a33liance cente. 1, the )nance com3an! o the ca deale
*ill esot to e3le#in to eco#e the unit b! )ling an action
fo e3le#in against the bu!e.
Ta%e note that the 3ocedue fo enfocing a mone!
judgment is difeent fom enfocing a judgment fo
ejectment, o eco#e! of 3ossession. Enfocement of mone!
judgment is in Section 9 !ou get the mone!. Qung *alang
mone!, !ou le#! on the 3o3et! of the defendant. 0f it is
ejectment o eco#e! of 3ossession of 3o3et!, !ou follo*
Section 6C, 3aaga3h UcV.
2o*, hee is an inteesting case in#ol#ing these t*o
sections 4Sections 9 X 6C7 the 6998 case of
A9INUJAR #s. COURT OF APPEALS
4?3 SCRA @3
FACTS, The case of Abinuja stated *hen
the 3laintif )led a case fo unla*ful detaine
against the Abinuja s3ouses fo the latte to
#acate thei house in Ianila. :hen the case
*as going on, the 3aties executed a
com3omise ageement *hich became the
basis of the judgment b! the cout, so a
com3omise judgment.
The ageement stated that the Abinuja
s3ouses shall 3a! the 3laintifs the amount
s3eci)call! ageed u3on, $8C,CCC on Janua!
36E $6C,CCC on Hebaua! 5'E $6C,CCC on Iach
36, etc. until Se3tembe 3C. 0t futhe states
that failue on the 3at of the Abinuja s3ouses
to 3a! thee 437 consecuti#e 3a!ments, the
3laintifs shall be entitled to a *it of execution.
Afte thee 437 months, the 3laintifs )led a
motion fo execution on the gound that the
Abinujas failed to 3a! the thee installments.
The tial cout ganted the motion and the
notice to the defendant to #oluntail! #acate
the 3emises *as se#ed on the Abinujas.
The Abinujas attac%ed the #alidit! of the
sheifOs notice to #acate b! *a! of enfocing
58'
Satisfaction
the com3omise judgment. The! maintained
that thei obligation is moneta! and theefoe
!ou should a33l! Section 9 !ou collect but do
not eject us. The 3laintifs agued that *hat is
a33licable is Section 6C on ejectment because
this is an unla*ful detaine case.
ISSUE, :hich section shall be a33lied
Section 9; o Section 6C;
7ELD, The contention of the Abinujas is
meitoious meaning, !ou cannot eject the
Abinujas.
L:hen the 3aties enteed into a
com3omise ageement, the oiginal action fo
ejectment *as set aside and the action *as
changed to a moneta! obligation.
LA 3eusal of the com3omise ageement
signed b! the 3aties and a33o#ed b! the
infeio cout meel! 3o#ided that in case the
Abinujas failed to 3a! thee monthl!
installments, the 3laintifs *ould be entitled to a
*it of execution, *ithout s3ecif!ing *hat the
subject of execution *ould be. Said ageement
did not state that Abinujas *ould be e#icted
fom the 3emises subject of the suit in case of
an! default in com3l!ing *ith thei obligation
theeunde. This *as the esult of the caeless
dafting theeof fo *hich onl! 3laintifs *ee to
be blamed.
LAs AbinujaOs obligation unde the
com3omise ageement as a33o#ed b! the
cout *as moneta! in natue, 3laintifs can
a#ail onl! of the *it of execution 3o#ided in
Section 9, and not that 3o#ided in Section 6C.M
ORDINARY AND SPECIAL JUDGMENT
Sec! ! Eecution of specia"
judgments! F H%en & ,u-*'ent (e3ui(e$
t%e +e()o('&nce o) &n/ &ct ot%e( t%&n
t%o$e 'entione- in t%e t2o +(ece-in*
$ection$, & ce(ti0e- co+/ o) t%e
,u-*'ent $%&ll .e &tt&c%e- to t%e 2(it
o) e#ecution &n- $%&ll .e $e(1e- ./
t%e oJce( u+on t%e +&(t/ &*&in$t
2%o' t%e $&'e i$ (en-e(e-, o( u+on
&n/ ot%e( +e($on (e3ui(e- t%e(e./, o(
./ l&2, to o.e/ t%e $&'e, &n- $uc%
+&(t/ o( +e($on '&/ .e +uni$%e- )o(
conte'+t i) %e -i$o.e/$ $uc%
,u-*'ent! ;9&<
Thee ae t*o 457 t!3es of judgment unde the la*, 467
S$E"0A( and 457 1R-02ARJ.
1R-02ARJ J/-AIE2T < if the judgment odes the
defendant to 3a! mone!, li%e a collection case 4Section 97 o
to deli#e eal o 3esonal 3o3et! 4Section 6C7.
S$E"0A( J/-AIE2T is a judgment *hich eGuies the
defendant to 3efom an act othe than 3a!ment of mone! o
deli#e! of 3o3et!. 0t efes to a s3eci)c act *hich a 3at! o
3eson must 3esonall! do because his 3esonal
Guali)cations and cicumstances ha#e been ta%en into
consideation.
E.AI$(E of a s3ecial judgment, /su3ation of
go#enment oPce. Jou ae the cit! teasue and somebod!
else is a33ointed cit! teasue and !ou efuse to #acate. So
thee *ill be a Guo *aanto 3oceeding. Then the judgment
*ill ode !ou to #acate !ou 3osition, such judgment is a
s3ecial judgment because !ou ae not odeed to 3a!
an!thing no deli#e 3o3et!.
+, :hat is the difeence bet*een the 1dina! and
S3ecial judgments;
A, A s3ecial judgment ma! be enfoced b! contem3t if
the defendant efuses to com3l! *ith the judgment. ?ut if it
is an odina! judgment and the defendant efuses to
com3l!, it is not a gound fo contem3t.
/nde Section 9, if the judgment<debto efuses to 3a!
his debt, !ou cannot cite him in contem3t because unde the
"onstitution, no 3eson shall be im3isoned fo debt. The
coect 3ocedue unde Section 9 is !ou loo% fo 3o3eties
of the defendant and then i3a<le#! mo. Jou do not send the
debto to jail.
/nde Section 6C if the sGuatte efuses to #acate, !ou
cannot cite him in contem3t and send him to jail. Qung a!a*,
!ou get 3olice fo bac% u3. That is the 3ocedue.
?ut unde Section 66, if defendant is odeed to #acate
his oPce because he is no longe the cit! teasue, the
3laintif can ha#e him aested and bought to jail because
that is a s3ecial judgment *hich can be enfoced b!
contem3t.
+, Ai#e a s3eci)c ule on s3ecial judgment.
A, Section 9 of Rule D8 S3ecial "i#il Action fo
"etioai, $ohibition and Iandamus, to *it,
Rule 6@, Sec 9! 0er#ice and
enforcement of order or judgment!F A
ce(ti0e- co+/ o) t%e ,u-*'ent
(en-e(e- in &cco(-&nce 2it% t%e l&$t
+(ece-in* $ection $%&ll .e $e(1e-
u+on t%e cou(t, 3u&$iF,u-ici&l &*enc/,
t(i.un&l, co(+o(&tion, .o&(-, oJce( o(
+e($on conce(ne- in $uc% '&nne( &$
t%e cou(t '&/ -i(ect, &n-
-i$o.e-ience t%e(eto $%&ll .e
+uni$%e- &$ conte'+t! An e#ecution
'&/ i$$ue )o( &n/ -&'&*e$ o( co$t$
&2&(-e- in &cco(-&nce 2it% $ection
o) Rule 39! ;9&<
589
Satisfaction
Theefoe, a judgement in a cetioai, 3ohibition o
mandamus case, if not com3lied *ith, is 3unishable b!
contem3t.
Sec! 4! EIect of "e#y on
eecution as to third persons! F T%e le1/
on e#ecution $%&ll c(e&te & lien in
)&1o( o) t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*ee o1e( t%e
(i*%t, title &n- inte(e$t o) t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*o( in $uc% +(o+e(t/ &t
t%e ti'e o) t%e le1/, $u.,ect to lien$
&n- encu'.(&nce$ t%en e#i$tin*! 46Da7

This is elated to $o3et! Registation -ecee.
E.AI$(E, 0 o*n a 3iece of land *hich 0 motgaged *ith
the ban%. The ban% annotated the motgage on m! title. I!
land is no* subject to a lien o an encumbance. 0 also o*e
mone! to A. >e sued me. >e *on and m! land is le#ied.
+, :hat ha33ens to the motgage lien of the ban%; :ill
it be afected b! the le#! of A;
A, 21. E#en if the 3o3et! is sold at 3ublic auction and
*e *ill assume that it *ill go to A, that 3o3et! is still unde
motgage. A has to es3ect the lien nauna !ung sa ban% eh=
:hee#e the 3o3et! goes, it is subject to the motgage lien
of the ban% because the ban%Os lien is su3eio.
Theefoe, an execution is al*a!s subject to the liens and
encumbances of the 3o3et! then existing.
PROPERTIES EXEMPT FROM EXECUTION
:e alead! discussed the ule that to satisf! a mone!
judgment, the sheif can le#! on the 3o3eties of the
judgment obligo. All 3o3eties ae subject, exce3t those
exem3t fom execution. :hat ae the 3o3eties of a
defendant<debto *hich cannot be subject to a le#! o
execution;
Sec! 3! 6roperty eempt from
eecution! F E#ce+t &$ ot%e(2i$e
e#+(e$$l/ +(o1i-e- ./ l&2, t%e
)ollo2in* +(o+e(t/, &n- no ot%e(, $%&ll
.e e#e'+t )(o' e#ecutionD
;&< T%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o(M$ )&'il/
%o'e &$ +(o1i-e- ./ l&2, o( t%e
%o'e$te&- in 2%ic% %e (e$i-e$, &n-
l&n- nece$$&(il/ u$e- in connection
t%e(e2it%E
Jou ha#e a house *hee !ou famil! esides. Jou call it
LHAI0(J >1IEM it is the house *hee the membes of the
famil! eside, including the lot.
+, Ho instance, !ou lost in a case *hee !ou ae liable
fo $5CCT. Jou ha#e no othe 3o3et! left exce3t that house
*hee !ou li#e. "an the sheif le#! the house to ans*e such
obligations;
A, 21. The judgment obligoOs famil! home and the land
necessail! used in connection thee*ith is exem3t. That is a
guaantee that no matte ho* man! obligations !ou ha#e,
thee is no *a! fo !ou to be tho*n to the steet to be a
homeless 3eson. Jou house cannot be le#iedE but in the
Hamil! "ode, theeOs a limit, if !ou house is a mansion *oth
millions, that is not exem3t. $lease e#ie* !ou Hamil! "ode
on this matte.

;.< O(-in&(/ tool$ &n-
i'+le'ent$ +e($on&ll/ u$e- ./ %i' in
%i$ t(&-e, e'+lo/'ent, o( li1eli%oo-E
This is self<ex3lanato!. 0f !ou ae a ca3ente, !ou ean
!ou li#ing b! being a ca3ente. :hat ae the odina! tools
that !ou must ha#e; Sa*, hamme, etc. ?! 3ublic 3olic! and
b! legal 3o#ision, the tools and im3lements used b! a
ca3ente in his tade, em3lo!ment, o li#elihood cannot be
le#ied b! the sheif.
/nde the 3io la*, thee *as no *od LordinaryM and
Lpersona""yM. The old la* sa!s, too"s and imp"ements used
?y him. 0n the ne* ules, the *ods LordinaryM and
Lpersona""yM ae added. :hat is the eason behind this; This
3o#ision is in accodance *ith *hat the S" uled in the 699C
case of
PENTAGON SECURITY #s. JIMENEA
94 SCRA ?94

FACTS, The $entagon Secuit! and
0n#estigation Agenc! 4$S0A7 is a secuit! agenc!
o*ned b! somebod! *ho is engaged in secuit!
se#ices. ?ecause of a mone! judgment against
the agenc! in a labo case, the sheif le#ied all
the )eams of the agenc!. $S0A claimed that
the )eams ae exem3t fom execution unde
3aaga3h UbV since the! ae tools and
im3lements used b! the agenc! in its tade,
em3lo!ment o li#elihood because ho* can a
secuit! agenc! o3eate *ithout )eams.
ISSUE, 0s the agument of $S0A coect;
7ELD, 21. The )eams o*ned b! $S0A ae
not co#eed b! the exem3tion.
LThe tem Mtoo"s and imp"ementsJ efes to
instuments of husband! o manual labo
needed b! an atisan caftsman o laboe to
obtain his li#ing. >ee, $S0A is a business
ente3ise. 0t does not use the )eams
3esonall!, but the! ae used b! its em3lo!ees.
2ot being a natual 3eson, 3etitione cannot
claim that the )eams ae necessa! fo its
li#elihood.M
L0t *ould a33ea that the exem3tion
contem3lated b! the 3o#ision in#ol#ed is
3esonal, a#ailable onl! to a natual 3eson,
such as a dentistOs dental chai and electic fan.
0f 3o3eties used in business ae exem3t fom
execution, thee can hadl! be an instance
5DC
Satisfaction
*hen a judgment claim can be enfoced against
the business entit!.M
Ieaning, if the exem3tion is extended to a juidical
3eson li%e a co3oation, then 3acticall! all the 3o3eties
needed b! the business could be consideed as tools and
im3lements. Ho E.AI$(E, !ou *ill sue a caie li%e ?achelo
?us and !ou *on. Then !ou *ill le#! on the bus. ?achelo *ill
claims exem3tion because that is a tool o im3lement.
1, !ou )le a case against $A(. The! lost. Jou le#! on the
aibus. $A( alleged exem3tion because it is a tool o
im3lement. I! goll!= (ahat ng 3o3eties, too"s or
imp"ements=M; -i 3*ede !an= That is not *hat the la*
contem3lates.
2o*, *hat is inteesting in the 6E-./3O- case is that
the S" sa!s that )eams can be le#ied, the! can be sold at
3ublic auction. S", L>o*e#e, fo secuit! easons, and to
3e#ent the 3ossibilit! that the )eams to be sold at the
execution sale ma! fall into the hands of la*less and
sub#esi#e elements, the sale at 3ublic auction should be
*ith the 3io cleaance and unde su3e#ision of the $2$.M
1the*ise, the 3esons *ho might bid ae %idna33es, 2$A,
Abu Sa!!af, 4Quatong ?aleleng, I0(H, I2(H, (ost "ommand,
Qulto $inish, $olgas, $A1"TH, 1sama bin (aden et al, etc.7
So, thee must be a 3io cleaance on the sale of the
)eams duing the auction sale.
;c< T%(ee %o($e$, o( t%(ee co2$,
o( t%(ee c&(&.&o$, o( ot%e( .e&$t$ o)
.u(-en, $uc% &$ t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o(
'&/ $elect nece$$&(il/ u$e- ./ %i' in
%i$ o(-in&(/ occu+&tionE
Ho exam3le, !ou ae a fame. Jou 3lo* !ou land b! a
caabao. Jou cannot le#! the caabao. 1R, if !ou ae a
cocheo, !ou ha#e a hose fo !ou caetela. Jou cannot le#!
the hose. Uang hose shit, 3*ede= $eo !ung hose mismo, di
3*ede=V And unde the 3io ules, onl! 5 hoses, 5 co*s o
caabaos ae exem3t. The ne* ules ma%e it thee 437.
;-< 7i$ nece$$&(/ clot%in* &n-
&(ticle$ )o( o(-in&(/ +e($on&l u$e,
e#clu-in* ,e2el(/E
Jou cannot le#! on the debtoOs *adobe. These ae
aticles fo odina! 3esonal use. This aticle excludes
je*el!. Alahas, 3*ede i<le#!. All othe things fo basic needs
ae exem3t, li%e 3esonal comb, toothbush, etc.
;e< 7ou$e%ol- )u(nitu(e &n-
uten$il$ nece$$&(/ )o( %ou$eGee+in*,
&n- u$e- )o( t%&t +u(+o$e ./ t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*o( &n- %i$ )&'il/, $uc%
&$ t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o( '&/ $elect, o)
& 1&lue not e#cee-in* one %un-(e-
t%ou$&n- +e$o$E
>ousehold funitue li%e dining table, dining chai, sala
set, utensils necessa! fo house%ee3ing and used fo the
3u3ose b! the obligo and his famil! li%e 3lates, fo%s,
s3oons. >o* can !ou eat *ithout those utensils. ?/T theeOs
a limit that the #alue does not exceed $6CC,CCC. 0f the #alue
exceeds, it can be le#ied.
Thee *as a sheif *ho as%ed me 4-ean 07. Accoding to
him, he *as enfocing a mone! judgment. The sheif *ent to
the house of the debto. >e too% the steeo, TN set,
efigeato. -efendant said, Hindi pwede dahi" hindi pa
uma?ot ng 6$NN,NNN. Sabi %o, !ou loo% at the la*, Jou
cannot le#! those funitues if not exceeding $6CC,CCC. 0n m!
4-eanOs7 #ie*, co#eed !an. ?ut utensils not necessail! fo
li#ing ae not co#eed b! the exem3tion. The! ae luxu!, not
necessa!. These TN, sala set, efigeato can be le#ied
because the! ae not necessa! fo li#ing as contasted to
%utsaa, 3lato, etc. 4-ean ho*e#e efused to ans*e the
sheif *hethe the 3o3eties in Guestion can be le#ied.
Tanungin mo ang abogado mo=7

;)< P(o1i$ion$ )o( in-i1i-u&l o(
)&'il/ u$e $uJcient )o( )ou( 'ont%$E
Ho exam3le, one sac% of ice fo dail! consum3tion,
canned goods 3o#isions fo consum3tion good fo &
months ae exem3t. 0f !ou ha#e one bodega of ice, ibang
sto!a !an.
;*< T%e +(o)e$$ion&l li.(&(ie$ &n-
e3ui+'ent o) ,u-*e$, l&2/e($,
+%/$ici&n$, +%&('&ci$t$, -enti$t$,
en*inee($, $u(1e/o($, cle(*/'en,
te&c%e($, &n- ot%e( +(o)e$$ion&l, not
e#cee-in* t%(ee %un-(e- t%ou$&n-
;P355,555!55< +e$o$ in 1&lueE
Jou boo%s, boo%s of judges and 3ofessionals and
eGui3ment ma!be the com3ute, t!3e*ite, dentistOs chai,
eGui3ment of enginees ae exem3t 3o#ided the #alue does
not exceed $3CC,CCC.
;%< One 0$%in* .o&t &n-
&cce$$o(ie$ not e#cee-in* t%e tot&l
1&lue o) one %un-(e- t%ou$&n-
;P55,555!55< +e$o$ o2ne- ./ &
0$%e('&n &n- ./ t%e l&2)ul u$e o)
2%ic% %e e&(n$ %i$ li1eli%oo-E
Exam3le, Hishing boat of a )sheman, the accessoies
net, 3o#ided these do not exceed $6CC,CCC.
;i< So 'uc% o) t%e $&l&(ie$,
2&*e$, o( e&(nin*$ o) t%e ,u-*'ent
o.li*o( )o( %i$ +e($on&l $e(1ice$ 2it%in
t%e )ou( 'ont%$ +(ece-in* t%e le1/ &$
&(e nece$$&(/ )o( t%e $u++o(t o) %i$
)&'il/E
5D6
Satisfaction

The sala! of a 3eson *ithin & months is exem3t. Ho
exam3le, !ou ha#e bac%*ages of D months. 1nl! 5 months
sala! can be le#ied. Exem3t ang & months.
Technicall!, *ages and salaies ae exem3t as long as
the! ae necessa! fo su33ot of li#ing. 0f !ou ean a
minimum *age, e#e!thing ma! be exem3ted. ?ut if !ou
ean $8C,CCC a month and !ou su33ot onl! t*o 3eo3le, the
cout ma! le#! on the excess.
;,< Lette(e- *(&1e$tone$E
(a3ida sa semente!o, hindi 3*ede i<le#!. :h! *ill
!ou le#! on letteed ga#estones; I! goll!=
;G< Monie$, .ene0t$, +(i1ile*e$, o(
&nnuitie$ &cc(uin* o( in &n/ '&nne(
*(o2in* out o) &n/ li)e in$u(&nceE
The 3oceeds of life insuance. The amount ecei#ed b!
the bene)ciaies cannot be le#ied, not a single centa#o.
;l< T%e (i*%t to (ecei1e le*&l
$u++o(t, o( 'one/ o( +(o+e(t/
o.t&ine- &$ $uc% $u++o(t, o( &n/
+en$ion o( *(&tuit/ )(o' t%e
Go1e(n'entE
The ight to ecei#e legal su33ot. The ight ba= Ho
instance, a%o na lang ang mag ecei#e ng su33ot mo. >indi
3*ede !an. Also the mone! gi#en monthl! to !ou if !ou ae
ecei#ing su33ot cannot be le#ied. An! 3ension o gatuit!
fom the go#enment AS0S 3ension, fo exam3le.
;'< P(o+e(tie$ $+eci&ll/ e#e'+te-
./ l&2!

This is #e! boad an! othe 3o3et! exem3t b!
s3ecial la*.
+, Ai#e an exam3le *hee a 3o3et! is exem3t fom
execution unde the s3ecial la*;
A, The follo*ing,
6.7 $o3et! obtained 3usuant to a fee 3atent
a33lication, >1IESTEA-. That is not
subject to an! claim *ithin 8 !eas. Jou
cannot e#en sell that *ithin 8 !eas, ho*
much moe %ung embagohin sa i!o; That
is unde "A 6&6 $ublic (and (a*E
5.7 /nde Social (egislation, SSS bene)ts ae also
exem3t fom execution, just li%e AS0S bene)tsE
3.7 /nde "AR$ la*, the 3o3et! acGuied b! a
tenant unde that la* cannot be le#ied also.
Section 63, last 3aaga3h,
9ut no &(ticle o( $+ecie$ o)
+(o+e(t/ 'entione- in t%i$ $ection
$%&ll .e e#e'+t )(o' e#ecution i$$ue-
u+on & ,u-*'ent (eco1e(e- )o( it$
+(ice o( u+on & ,u-*'ent o)
)o(eclo$u(e o) & 'o(t*&*e t%e(eon!
;4&<
The last 3aaga3h of Section 63 sa!s that if fo
exam3le, !ou odeed boo%s and !ou failed to 3a!, !ou
cannot claim the exem3tion because the obligation aose
fom the same item. Ho exam3le,
?AR $R1?(EI, A la*!e *ent to Alemas 3ofessional
boo%s su33l!. >e bought boo%s *oth half a million. That *as
utang $8CC,CCC. The stoe decided to sue the la*!e fo
such amount not 3aid. The boo%stoe got a judgment. Thee
*as a le#! on the la*!eOs 3o3et!. The sheif le#ied on the
same boo%s *hich became the souce of the case. The
la*!e claimed exem3tion unde Section 63 u3 to $3CC,CCC
because it foms 3at of his 3ofessional liba!. 0s the la*!e
coect;;
A, the la*!e is :R12A because of the last 3aaga3h of
Section 63 that no aticle o s3ecies of 3o3eties mentioned
in this section shall be exem3t fom execution issued u3on a
judgment eco#eed fo the 3ice o u3on a judgment of
foeclosue of a motgage theeon.
:hat the la* sa!s, is the 3o3eties mentioned hee 4in
Section 637 ae exem3t, E."E$T *hen that debt aose out of
that 3o3et!. Ho exam3le, hee, *h! ae !ou indebted to
Alemas; ?ecause of un3aid boo%s. So the #e! boo%s *hich
ga#e ise to an obligation ae not exem3t fom execution.
?ut if anothe cedito *ill )le a case against the la*!e,
and that othe cedito *ill *in, that cedito cannot le#! on
the boo%s because the! ae exem3t. ?ut the cedito fom
*hom the boo%s *ee bought can le#! on the same boo%s
*hich ga#e ise to an obligation.

The same thing *ith HAI0(J >1IE. Ho exam3le, !ou *ill
build a famil! home and then, hindi mo bina!aan ang
mateials, labo and thee *as judgment against !ou. The
cedito and the o*ne can le#! on the house. >e cannot
claim exem3tion because the debt aose out of that same
famil! home.
Anothe exam3le, Jou boo*ed mone! fom the ban%.
Jou motgaged !ou house. (ate on, !ou cannot 3a! the
loan. The ban% foeclosed the motgage. Jou cannot ague
that !ou house cannot be le#ied. Qa!a nga ma! utang %a
because of !ou house. Since !ou motgaged it, that is not
co#eed b! the exem3tion.
+, :hat is the REAS12 behind this exem3tion;
A, The eason fo this exem3tion is $/?(0" $1(0"J. And
common sense no; the debto should 3a! but this should
not de3i#e him of a means to ean his li#ing. Jou can le#! on
his 3o3et! but not to the extent of de3i#ing him of his
5D5
Satisfaction
3o#isions fo su33ot, means of li#elihood b! tho*ing him
on to the steet, homeless, 3enniless, des3ondent, dejected,
mounful, melanchol!, folonY
(0HET0IE 1H :R0T 1H E.E"/T012 H0NE 487 JEARS
Sec! ?! Return of writ of
eecution! F T%e 2(it o) e#ecution $%&ll
.e (etu(n&.le to t%e cou(t i$$uin* it
i''e-i&tel/ &)te( t%e ,u-*'ent %&$
.een $&ti$0e- in +&(t o( in )ull! I) t%e
,u-*'ent c&nnot .e $&ti$0e- in )ull
2it%in t%i(t/ ;35< -&/$ &)te( %i$
(ecei+t o) t%e 2(it, t%e oJce( $%&ll
(e+o(t to t%e cou(t &n- $t&te t%e
(e&$on t%e(e)o(! Suc% 2(it $%&ll
continue in eKect -u(in* t%e +e(io-
2it%in 2%ic% t%e ,u-*'ent '&/ .e
en)o(ce- ./ 'otion! T%e oJce( $%&ll
'&Ge & (e+o(t to t%e cou(t e1e(/
t%i(t/ ;35< -&/$ on t%e +(ocee-in*$
t&Gen t%e(eon until t%e ,u-*'ent i$
$&ti$0e- in )ull, o( it$ eKecti1it/
e#+i(e$! T%e (etu(n$ o( +e(io-ic
(e+o(t$ $%&ll $et )o(t% t%e 2%ole o)
t%e +(ocee-in*$ t&Gen, &n- $%&ll .e
0le- 2it% t%e cou(t &n- co+ie$
t%e(eo) +(o'+tl/ )u(ni$%e- t%e
+&(tie$! 466a7
/nde the 1(- R/(E, the lifetime of a *it of execution is
onl! DC da!s. Afte that, ex3ied na !ung *it. The sheif has
to use the *it to le#! on the 3o3et! of the defendant
*ithin DC da!s. 0f the defendant has no 3o3et! at 3esent,
and the *it has alead! ex3ied, and assuming that thee
*ill be some 3o3eties found in the futue, the 3ocedue
unde the old ules is, the 3laintif has to )le a motion fo an
A(0AS :R0T of execution, because once it is issued, it is again
good fo anothe DC da!s.
/nde the $RESE2T R/(E, the DC<da! 3eiod is alead!
obsolete. The efecti#it! no* of a *it of execution is, fo as
long as the judgment ma! be enfoced b! motion. And unde
Section D, a judgment ma! be enfoced b! motion *ithin )#e
487 !eas. So in efect, the *it of execution is #alid fo H0NE
487 !eas. The lifetime no* has been extended fom DC da!s
to 8 !eas.
1f couse, as much as 3ossible, the *it must be
enfoced *ithin 3C da!s and afte that, the sheif *ill tell the
cout about *hat ha33ened afte 3C da!s.
So, the sheif sa!s based on the RET/R2, Wa"a pang
property ang defendant. 2o*, he just %ee3s on holding the
*it. And ma!be afte one o t*o !eas, meon naOng
3o3et! ang defendant, he can no* enfoce the *it. ?ut
de)nitel!, thee is no need fo the defendant to go bac% to
the cout to as% fo anothe alias *it of execution because
the *it can still be enfoced fo as long as the judgment
ma! be enfoced b! motion.
Although e#e! 3C da!s, the sheif has to ma%e a
3eiodic e3ot *ith the cout. 0 do not %no* if the sheifs
hee follo* this 3ocedue. ?ut de)nitel!, a *it is good fo 8
!eas and in e#e! 3C da!s, the sheif has to ma%e a e3ot.
21T0"E 1H SA(E
Sec! @! -otice of sa"e of property
on eecution! F 9e)o(e t%e $&le o)
+(o+e(t/ on e#ecution, notice t%e(eo)
'u$t .e *i1en &$ )ollo2$D
;&< In c&$e o) +e(i$%&.le +(o+e(t/,
./ +o$tin* 2(itten notice o) t%e ti'e
&n- +l&ce o) t%e $&le in t%(ee ;3<
+u.lic +l&ce$, +(e)e(&.l/ in
con$+icuou$ &(e&$ o) t%e 'unici+&l o(
cit/ %&ll, +o$t oJce &n- +u.lic '&(Get
in t%e 'unici+&lit/ o( cit/ 2%e(e t%e
$&le i$ to t&Ge +l&ce, )o( $uc% ti'e &$
'&/ .e (e&$on&.le, con$i-e(in* t%e
c%&(&cte( &n- con-ition o) t%e
+(o+e(t/E
;.< In c&$e o) ot%e( +e($on&l
+(o+e(t/, ./ +o$tin* & $i'il&( notice in
t%e t%(ee ;3< +u.lic +l&ce$ &.o1eF
'entione- )o( not le$$ t%&t 01e ;@<
-&/$E
;c< In c&$e o) (e&l +(o+e(t/, ./
+o$tin* )o( t2ent/ ;45< -&/$ in t%e
t%(ee ;3< +u.lic +l&ce$ &.o1eF
'entione- & $i'il&( notice +&(ticul&(l/
-e$c(i.in* t%e +(o+e(t/ &n- $t&tin*
2%e(e t%e +(o+e(t/ i$ to .e $ol-, &n-
i) t%e &$$e$$e- 1&lue o) t%e +(o+e(t/
e#cee-$ 0)t/ t%ou$&n- ;P@5,555!55<
+e$o$, ./ +u.li$%in* & co+/ o) t%e
notice once & 2eeG )o( t2o ;4<
con$ecuti1e 2eeG$ in one ne2$+&+e(
$electe- ./ (&Ne, 2%et%e( in En*li$%,
Fili+ino, o( &n/ '&,o( (e*ion&l
l&n*u&*e +u.li$%e-, e-ite- &n-
ci(cul&te- o(, in t%e &.$ence t%e(eo),
%&1in* *ene(&l ci(cul&tion in t%e
+(o1ince o( cit/E
;-< In &ll c&$e, 2(itten notice o)
t%e $&le $%&ll .e *i1en to t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*o(, &t le&$t t%(ee ;3<
-&/$ .e)o(e t%e $&le, e#ce+t &$
+(o1i-e- in +&(&*(&+% ;&< %e(eo)
2%e(e notice $%&ll .e *i1en &t &n/
ti'e .e)o(e t%e $&le, in t%e $&'e
'&nne( &$ +e($on&l $e(1ice o)
+le&-in*$ &n- ot%e( +&+e($ &$
+(o1i-e- ./ $ection 6 o) Rule 3!
T%e notice $%&ll $+eci)/ t%e +l&ce,
-&te &n- e#&ct ti'e o) t%e $&le 2%ic%
$%oul- not .e e&(lie( t%&n nine oMclocG
5D3
Satisfaction
in t%e 'o(nin* &n- not l&te( t%&n t2o
oMclocG in t%e &)te(noon! T%e +l&ce o)
t%e $&le '&/ .e &*(ee- u+on ./ t%e
+&(tie$! In t%e &.$ence o) $uc%
&*(ee'ent, t%e $&le o) (e&l +(o+e(t/
o( +e($on&l +(o+e(t/ not c&+&.le o)
'&nu&l -eli1e(/ $%&ll .e %el- in t%e
oJce o) t%e cle(G o) cou(t o) t%e
Re*ion&l T(i&l Cou(t o( t%e Munici+&l
T(i&l Cou(t 2%ic% i$$ue- t%e 2(it o(
2%ic% 2&$ -e$i*n&te- ./ t%e &++ell&te
cou(t! In t%e c&$e o) +e($on&l +(o+e(t/
c&+&.le o) '&nu&l -eli1e(/, t%e $&le
$%&ll .e %el- in t%e +l&ce 2%e(e t%e
+(o+e(t/ i$ loc&te-! ;>&<
Auction sale follo*s le#!. Thee must be notices because
auction sale is o3en to the 3ublic. 2otices must be 3osted in
3 3ublic 3laces 3efeabl! in the munici3al hall, 3ost oPce
and 3ublic ma%et. 0n 3aaga3h UcV, if the 3o3et! to be sold
is REA( 3o3et!, the notices must descibe the 3o3et!, its
location, assessed #alue if exceeding $8C,CCC. Aside fom
notices, the la* eGuies $/?(0"AT012 in a ne*s3a3e so that
man! 3eo3le can ead it.
Jou t! to go thee in the >all of Justice, ma! bulletin
boad di!an sa labas. 2otices ae 3osted thee. 0f !ou ae
inteested in bu!ing something, 3aa mua, tingnan mo
di!an.
The la* is #e! detailed no*. The notice must s3ecif! the
date of the sale, time, 3lace etc. And the S" uled that these
eGuiements ae to be stictl! com3lied *ith.
Ho exam3le, Jou do not com3l! *ith the 3osting in 3
cons3icuous 3laces. -ala*a lang sa i!o, that is N10-. The S"
said the eGuiements of the la* fo the holding of the 3ublic
auction should be stictl! follo*ed. :h!; ?ecause in a 3ublic
auction, !ou ae de3i#ing somebod! of his 3o3et! the
judgment debto. So, all the eGuiements of the la* intended
to de3i#e the o*ne of his o*neshi3 o#e his 3o3et!
should be follo*ed.
E#en la*!es sometimes do not 3a! much attention to
this Rule 39. 0t is 3eha3s because of the length of the ule o
the length of the 3o#isions. (a*!es usuall! ha#e a geneal
idea, not eall! the details. 1ftentimes, the! el! on the
sheif eh. The! 3esume that the sheif %no*s moe about
the details because the latte is es3onsible fo enfocing it.
Actuall!, the sheif %no*s less than the la*!es because
man! of them ae not la*!es naman eh.
0llustation based on -eanOs ex3eience,
Thee is a 3o3et! located in $anacan *hich is o*ned b!
"o3oation .. "o3oation . sold the 3o3et! to "o3oation
J. 4xx end of ta3e xx7 -ean does not %no* *ho *as at fault.
-e)nitel!, the custodian, instead of egisteing the
tansaction in the Registe of -eeds so that a title ma! be
issued in the name of the bu!e, tinago= 2alimutan ang 3ag<
egiste ng -eed of Sale. Jun 3ala, the selle, "o3oation .,
has a cedito also in -a#ao. The cedito sued "o3oation .
fo a sum of mone!. "o3oation . lost the case and the
cedito loo%ed fo 3o3et! to le#!. >e found that 3iece of
land in $anacan. "o3oation . said, naibenta na i!an.
The bu!e, "o3oation J did not %no* thee *as an
auction sale of that 3o3et!. The bu!e enteed into a deal
*ith a co3oation in Ja3an. 1ne of the eGuiements of the
Ja3anese bu!e is, 3lease list do*n all !ou assets, all !ou
3o3eties. 1f couse, "o3oation J included that land in
$anacan in the list. Saan man ang titulo; :alaaa. 2alimutan
i<egiste.
:ho should bea the loss;; The ?/JER "1R$1RAT012
because he did not egiste the sale. >e *as gi#en the o3tion
to 3a! the loan 3lus $5CC,CCC damages and inteest. ?ut if
Rule 39 is to be follo*ed stictl!, -ean sa!s the sheif cannot
ma%e it. Ieon talagang malimutan because sheifs usuall!
ae not la*!es. Rule 39 is so detailed that !ou cannot easil!
follo* the eGuiements. 0sa<isahin mo i!an, 3ag ma! na%ita
%ang mali, !ou )le a motion to annul the execution.
0 4-ean7 said, 0 *ill ecommend to the 3laintif com3an!
na ba!aan %a in 3eo hindi naman $5CC,CCC. Ias!adong
mala%i !an. 2a%aba!ad na ang bu!e sa o*ne ta3os
baba!aan 3a in ang utang sa cedito; 0 tal%ed to the
co3oation and made a com3omise. :e settled fo $'C,CCC.
Qung a!a* ni!a itulo! ang %aso. >indi nga na<egiste and
-eed of Sale 3eo mali<mali naman ang le#!. :hat if ma<
annul ang le#!, the 3laintif *ill get nothing. "hances ae,
hahabulin ni!a ang selle ng 3o3et!. So, this is an exam3le
of a dead case being esuected to life because of the
3inci3le, nag%amali ang sheif sa execution. -ean also
stessed that if the tial fo annulment of the execution
3oceeds, the cout might dismiss it because the sheifOs
mista%es a! maliit lang. 0tOs not eall! substantial. ?ut -ean is
3oud that he had succeeded to scae the 3laintif= Uehem=V
TERCERIA 4T>0R-<$ARTJ "(A0I7
SECTION 6! 6roceedings where
property c"aimed ?y third person. " I) t%e
+(o+e(t/ le1ie- on i$ cl&i'e- ./ &n/
+e($on ot%e( t%&n t%e ,u-*'ent
o.li*o( o( %i$ &*ent, &n- $uc% +e($on
'&Ge$ &n &J-&1it o) %i$ title t%e(eto
o( (i*%t to t%e +o$$e$$ion t%e(eo),
$t&tin* t%e *(oun-$ o) $uc% (i*%t o(
title, &n- $e(1e$ t%e $&'e u+on t%e
oJce( '&Gin* t%e le1/ &n- & co+/
t%e(eo) u+on t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*ee,
t%e oJce( $%&ll not .e .oun- to Gee+
t%e +(o+e(t/, unle$$ $uc% ,u-*'ent
o.li*ee, on -e'&n- o) t%e oJce(, 0le$
& .on- &++(o1e- ./ t%e cou(t to
in-e'ni)/ t%e t%i(-F+&(t/ cl&i'&nt in &
$u' not le$$ t%&n t%e 1&lue o) t%e
+(o+e(t/ le1ie- on! In c&$e o)
-i$&*(ee'ent &$ to $uc% 1&lue, t%e
$&'e $%&ll .e -ete('ine- ./ t%e cou(t
i$$uin* t%e 2(it o) e#ecution! No cl&i'
)o( -&'&*e$ )o( t%e t&Gin* o( Gee+in*
5D&
Satisfaction
o) t%e +(o+e(t/ '&/ .e en)o(ce-
&*&in$t t%e .on- unle$$ t%e &ction
t%e(e)o( i$ 0le- 2it%in one %un-(e-
t2ent/ -&/$ )(o' t%e -&te o) t%e 0lin*
o) t%e .on-!
T%e oJce( $%&ll not .e li&.le )o(
-&'&*e$ )o( t%e t&Gin* o( Gee+in* o)
t%e +(o+e(t/, to &n/ t%i(-F+&(t/
cl&i'&nt i) $uc% .on- i$ 0le-! Not%in*
%e(ein cont&ine- $%&ll +(e1ent $uc%
cl&i'&nt o( &n/ t%i(- +e($on )(o'
1in-ic&tin* %i$ cl&i' to t%e +(o+e(t/ in
& $e+&(&te &ction, o( +(e1ent t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*ee )(o' cl&i'in*
-&'&*e$ in t%e $&'e o( & $e+&(&te
&ction &*&in$t & t%i(-F+&(t/ cl&i'&nt
2%o 0le- & )(i1olou$ o( +l&inl/
$+u(iou$ cl&i'!
H%en t%e 2(it o) e#ecution i$
i$$ue- in )&1o( o) t%e Re+u.lic o) t%e
P%ili++ine$, o( &n/ oJce( -ul/
(e+(e$entin* it, t%e 0lin* o) $uc% .on-
$%&ll not .e (e3ui(e-, &n- in c&$e t%e
$%e(iK o( le1/in* oJce( i$ $ue- )o(
-&'&*e$ &$ & (e$ult o) t%e le1/, %e
$%&ll .e (e+(e$ente- ./ t%e Solicito(
Gene(&l &n- i) %el- li&.le t%e(e)o(e,
t%e &ctu&l -&'&*e$ &-,u-*e- ./ t%e
cou(t $%&ll .e +&i- ./ t%e N&tion&l
T(e&$u(e( out o) $uc% )un-$ &$ '&/ .e
&++(o+(i&te- )o( t%e +u(+o$e! ;=&<
Section 6D is a thid<3at! claim 3ocedue in execution.
0n S3anish, it is called the emed! of .ER2ER4/.
0((/STRAT012, (olo decided to go on a 3olong #acation
and he entusted to 8aren <ang pa?orito ni ;o"o> all his
3esonal 3o3et! li%e a33liances TN, efigeato, ca, etc.
Qaen used the 3o3et! o*ned b! (olo *hile he *as not
aound. /n%no*n to (olo, Qaen has a 3ending ci#il case )led
b! Aina. Aina obtained a judgment against Qaen. Thee *as
le#! on execution. The sheif *ent to the 3emises of Qaen,
he found all these 3o3eties and he enfoced the le#!.
(olo came home and *ent to get the 3o3et! fom
Qaen. Qaen said, the! *ee all le#ied b! the sheif. (olo is a
3eson *ho is not the defendant but his 3o3eties *ee
eoneousl! le#ied because the sheif thought the! belong to
Qaen *ho *as in 3ossession of them.
+, :hat is the emed! of (olo *ho is not a defendant;
A, The emed! is to a33l! Section 6D, Rule 39 Jou )le
*ith the sheif, co3! funish Aina, *hat is %no*n as the
thid<3at! claim o TER"ER0A. Teceia is an aPda#it
asseting that he is the o*ne of the 3o3et! le#ied. So *ith
that the sheif is no* 3laced on guad because the sheif
ma! be held liable if he continues to sell the 3o3et! of the
defendant. So, he is not bound to the 3oceedings egading
the sale unless the judgment obligee, on demand of the
sheif, )les a bond a33o#ed b! the cout to indemnif! a
thid 3at! claimant in the sum not less than the #alue of the
3o3et! le#ied on.
Su33ose sabi ni Aina, Huwag @ang maniwa"a diyan.
8a"o@ohan iyan. =rama "ang yan ni 8aren at ;o"o. 6roceed
with the auction sa"eO Aina has to )le a bond if he insists
that the auction sale must 3oceed. Aina must 3ut u3 a bond
a33o#ed b! the cout to indemnif! the thid<3at! claimant,
a sum not less than the #alue of the 3o3et!. 0f the 3o3et!
is *oth half a million, the bond must also be half a million.
Then auction sale ma! 3oceed because theeOs alead! a
bond to ans*e fo the damages. The sale ma! go on des3ite
the thid 3at! claim.

T>0R-<$ARTJ "(A0I #s. T>0R- $ARTJ "1I$(A02T
2o*, do not confuse a thid<3at! claim unde Rule 39
*ith a thid<3at! com3laint unde Rule D.
+, :hat is a thid<3at! com3laint unde Rule D;
A, A thid<3at! com3laint unde Rule D is a $(EA-02A
)led b! a defendant against the thid 3eson not a 3at! to
the action fo contibution, indemnit!, subogation, o an!
othe elief in es3ect of the 3laintifOs com3laint.
+, :hat is a thid<3at! claim unde Rule 39;
A, A thid<3at! claim 4teceia7 unde R/(E 39 is an
AHH0-AN0T made b! a thid 3eson *ho claims to be entitled
to the 3o3et! in the custod! of a sheif b! #itue of a *it
of execution.
The one *ho )les a thid 3at! claim is technicall! called
thid<3at! "(A0IA2T. The one *ho )les a thid 3at!
com3laint is called thid<3at! $(A02T0HH. 0 notice that e#en in
S" decisions, the S" commits that la3se, .he defendant
!"ed a third party comp"aint o sometimes third party
c"aimant. ?ut actuall!, the coect tem is thid<3at!
3laintif.
+, 2o*, unde the la*, *hee *ill !ou )le !ou thid<
3at! claim;
A, Jou )le it *ith the sheif although legall!, it is
consideed as it is )led in the cout because the sheif is onl!
an agent of the cout. The sheif does not ha#e the 3o*e to
ule on the legal issues. 1nl! the judge can. And it is the
cout *hich decides on the #alidit! of a thid 3at! claim.
+, 0f 0 am the thid 3eson and 0 *ant to #indicate m!
claim to that 3o3et!, is a thid 3at! claim 3ocedue the
onl! emed! 0 ha#e unde the la*; E#en if theeOs a thid
3at! claim, auction sale ma! 3oceed as long as theeOs a
bond. ?ut 0 *ant the auction sale not to 3oceed and 0 *ant
the 3o3et! to be etuned in m! fa#o, do 0 ha#e an! othe
emed!;
A, JES. Second 3aaga3h, L-othing herein contained
sha"" pre#ent such c"aimant or any third person from
#indicating his c"aim to the property in a 0E6/R/.E /2.4O-.
So, the emed! of thid<3at! claim is 21T exclusi#e. Thee is
nothing in Section 6D *hich sa!s that a thid 3eson is
de3i#ed of a ight to )le a se3aate action.
5D8
Satisfaction
As the la*!e of (olo, 0 ha#e anothe o3tion, instead of
)ling a thid 3at! claim, 0 *ould )le a case in cout the
se3aate case *ould name Aina as the defendant. The cause
of action is that the sheif mista%enl! o eoneousl! le#ied
the 3o3eties not o*ned b! Qaen because 0 am the eal
o*ne. Since thee *as a mista%en le#!, 0 am also as%ing the
cout to declae the le#! as null and #oid, the auction sale
should not 3oceed.
The cout might ule in m! fa#o, so a se3aate action is
allo*ed. Thus, a thid<3at! claim is not the onl! emed!
a#ailable unde the la* fo the thid 3at! claimant.
The second 3at also contains a ne* 3o#ision, or
pre#ent the judgment o?"igee from c"aiming damages in the
same or a separate action against a third party c"aimant who
!"es a fri#o"ous or p"ain"y spurious c"aim.
Remembe that it is 3ossible fo a thid<3at! claimant to
be a dumm! *hen it is a fi#olous claim, *ithout basis o
s3uious, 3aa tulungan lang ni!a ang defendant. Thee ae
3eo3le li%e that. 2o*, unde the ne* la*, the 3e#ailing 3at!
has the ight to claim damages against the thid<3at!
claimant fo )ling fi#olous claims. >e can claim the damages
in the same action o in a se3aate action.
2o*, man! 3eo3le do not eall! undestand *hat is a
thid<3at! claim, e#en some la*!es,
+, Su33ose 0 am the la*!e of (olo, ba%it 3a a%o mag<)le
ng anothe case; "an 0 not just com3lain to the cout *hich
endeed the decision; "an 0 not just )le a motion as%ing the
judge to ode the elease of the 3o3et!; 0s a se3aate
action not a #iolation of the ule against multi3licit! of suits;
A, 21= Jou cannot bing out the issue to detemine the
o*neshi3 of the 3o3et!. 02TERNE2T012 hee is not 3o3e.
U0s this not a gound fo inte#ention; AR1/2-S H1R
02TERNE2T012, 467 the inte#eno has legal inteest in the
subject matteE 457 the inte#eno has an inteest in the
success of eithe 3atiesE 437 the inte#eno has an inteest
against both 3atiesE and 4&7 The inte#eno is ad#esel!
afected b! a distibution of a 3o3et! in the custod! of a
cout o an oPce theeof.V
The S" said J1/ "A221T 02TERNE2E because unde
Rule 69, an inte#ention can onl! be done at an! time befoe
judgment. ?ut hee in Rule 39, *e ae no* on the stage of
execution meon ng judgment= Ta3os na ang %asoY.
UAago==V 0nte#ention comes to late. The judge has alead!
decided the case. 2o*, ba%it big!an mo naman si!a ng
bagong tabaho; ThatOs anothe issue difeent fom a case
alead! tied. So, a se3aate action is the 3o3e emed!.
1n the othe hand, such doctine should be econciled
*ith *hat the S" said in the case of
SY #s! DISCAYA
> SCRA 3=>
7ELD, 0f !ou 3o3et! *as eoneousl!
le#ied unde Rule 39, !ou can see% elief fom
the #e! same cout *hich endeed the
judgment b! sim3l! )ling a motion to Guestion
the actuation of the sheif, because execution
is 3at of the 3ocess in that case and the
sheif is an oPce of the cout and the cout
has the com3lete contol o#e the actuation of
the sheif. Theefoe, *h! eGuie the 3d<3at!
to )le anothe action *hen he can see% elief in
the same case; Ieaning, the thid 3at! can
see% elief in the same case but onl! to
detemine *hethe the sheif acted ightl! o
*ongl!, ?/T not fo the 3u3ose of detemining
the issue of o*neshi3. +uestions of o*neshi3
cannot be decided hee. Thee must be a
se3aate action fo the issue of o*neshi3.
LA thid 3eson *hose 3o3et! *as seiBed
b! a sheif to ans*e fo the obligation of the
judgment debto ma! in#o%e the su3e#iso!
3o*e of the cout *hich authoiBed such
execution. /3on due a33lication b! the thid
3eson and afte summa! heaing, the cout
ma! command that the 3o3et! be eleased
fom the mista%en le#! and estoed to the
ightful o*ne o 3ossesso. :hat said cout can
do in these instances, ho*e#e, is limited to a
detemination of *hethe the sheif has acted
ightl! o *ongl! in the 3efomance of his
duties in the execution of judgment, moe
s3eci)call!, if he has indeed ta%en hold of
3o3et! not belonging to the judgment debto.
The cout does not and cannot 3ass u3on the
Guestion of title to the 3o3et!, *ith an!
chaacte of )nalit!. 0t can teat of the matte
onl! insofa as ma! be necessa! to decide if
the sheif has acted coectl! o not.M
So, the cout that endes the judgment cannot decide
on the issue of o*neshi3 to a thid 3eson. So !ou emed!
is to )le anothe case. ?ut in the case of =402/E/, the cout
*hich endes the judgment can detemine *hethe the
sheif has acted *ongl! o coectl!. And if it is *ong it can
ode the 3o3et! eoneousl! le#ied to be eleased *ithout
need of )ling a se3aate action.
+, So ho* do !ou econcile the t*o doctines;
A, 0f it is ob#ious that the sheif committed a mista%e
6CCT mista%e, i.e. he le#ied 3o3et! belonging to a thid
3eson *ho is not a defendant to eGuie a thid 3eson to
go to cout and )le anothe case *ill be tedious. :h! can he
not see% elief fom the same cout; An!*a! if it is #e!
ob#ious that the sheif acted *ongl!, that is onl! incidental.
?ut *hen the issue is *hethe the 3o3et! is o*ned b!
the defendant o the thid 3eson, and the issue is
conto#esial *ho is the ightful o*ne that cannot be
decided summail! b! the cout *hich endeed decision. 0t
should be theshed out in an inde3endent se3aate ci#il
action. So that *ill be the consideation.
5DD
Satisfaction
The S" summaiBed all these emedies in the 6998 case
of,
E8ANGELISTA #s. PENSERGA
4?4 SCRA =54
7ELD, The emedies of a thid 3eson
*hose 3o3et! *as seiBed b! the sheif to
ans*e fo the obligation of a judgment obligo
ae the follo*ing,
$. 0n#o%e the su3e#iso! 3o*e of
the cout *hich authoiBed
such execution 4S! #s.
-isca!a7E
%. Teceia < thid 3at! claim 4Rule
39, Section 6D7E and
&. An! 3o3e action to #indicate his
claim to the 3o3et!,
meaning a se3aate ci#il
action. 4second 3aaga3h,
Section 6D, Rule 397
So these ae the thee emedies of a thid 3eson *hose
3o3et! *as seiBed b! a sheif to ans*e fo the obligation
of anothe 3eson.
Sec! =. 6ena"ty for se""ing
without notice, or remo#ing or defacing
notice. F An oJce( $ellin* 2it%out t%e
notice +(e$c(i.e- ./ $ection @ o) t%i$
Rule $%&ll .e li&.le to +&/ +uniti1e
-&'&*e$ in t%e &'ount o) 01e
t%ou$&n- ;P@,555!55< +e$o$ to &n/
+e($on in,u(e- t%e(e./, in &--ition to
%i$ &ctu&l -&'&*e$, .ot% to .e
(eco1e(e- ./ 'otion in t%e $&'e
&ctionE &n- & +e($on 2ill)ull/ (e'o1in*
o( -e)&cin* t%e notice +o$te-, i) -one
.e)o(e t%e $&le, o( .e)o(e t%e
$&ti$)&ction o) t%e ,u-*'ent i) it .e
$&ti$0e- .e)o(e t%e $&le, $%&ll .e
li&.le to +&/ 01e t%ou$&n- ;P@,555!55<
+e$o$ to &n/ +e($on in,u(e- ./ (e&$on
t%e(eo), in &--ition to %i$ &ctu&l
-&'&*e$, to .e (eco1e(e- ./ 'otion
in t%e $&'e &ction! ;9&<
2otices in the auction sale should be 3osted in thee
3ublic 3laces. Ho exam3le, !ou go to the hall of justice. Jou
can see thee a bulletin boad, maaming na%alaga!, half
man ni!an mga notice of 3ublic aution ba. 2o*, do not go
thee and %unin ang mga 3a3el doon. ?a%a multahan %a. Jou
ae not su33osed to emo#e o deface them.
Sec! >! -o sa"e if judgment and
costs paid! F At &n/ ti'e .e)o(e t%e $&le
o) +(o+e(t/ on e#ecution, t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*o( '&/ +(e1ent t%e $&le
./ +&/in* t%e &'ount (e3ui(e- ./ t%e
e#ecution &n- t%e co$t$ t%&t %&1e
.een incu((e- t%e(ein! 45Ca7
+, "an the debto sto3 the auction sale; 0s thee a *a!
fo the debto to 3e#ent the sale of his 3o3et!;
A, JES, if the obligo 3a! the amount eGuied b! the
execution and the costs ba!aan mo lahat ang utang mo,
Sdi *ala na. ThatOs *hat the la* sa!s. Ho exam3le, the ban%
is foeclosing !ou motgage and sell the 3o3et! at 3ublic
auction. To sto3 the ban% fom 3oceeding *ith the sale, !ou
go to the ban% and 3a! all !ou obligations. So, *ala ng
auction sale. ?ut !ou ha#e to 3a! all. 8a"ahati "ang ang
?ayaran @o. Ah, hindi 3u!di !an.
Sec! 9! How property so"d on
eecutionK who may direct manner and
order of sa"e. All $&le$ o) +(o+e(t/ un-e(
e#ecution 'u$t .e '&-e &t +u.lic
&uction, to t%e %i*%e$t .i--e(, to $t&(t
&t t%e e#&ct ti'e 0#e- in t%e notice!
A)te( $uJcient +(o+e(t/ %&$ .een $ol-
to $&ti$)/ t%e e#ecution, no 'o(e $%&ll
.e $ol- &n- &n/ e#ce$$ +(o+e(t/ o(
+(ocee-$ o) t%e $&le $%&ll .e +(o'+tl/
-eli1e(e- to t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o( o(
%i$ &ut%o(iLe- (e+(e$ent&ti1e, unle$$
ot%e(2i$e -i(ecte- ./ t%e ,u-*'ent o(
o(-e( o) t%e cou(t! H%en t%e $&le i$ o)
(e&l +(o+e(t/, con$i$tin* o) $e1e(&l
Gno2n lot$, t%e/ 'u$t .e $ol-
$e+&(&tel/E o(, 2%en & +o(tion o) $uc%
(e&l +(o+e(t/ i$ cl&i'e- ./ & t%i(-
+e($on, %e '&/ (e3ui(e it to .e $ol-
$e+&(&tel/! H%en t%e $&le i$ o)
+e($on&l +(o+e(t/ c&+&.le o) '&nu&l
-eli1e(/, it 'u$t .e $ol- 2it%in 1ie2 o)
t%o$e &tten-in* t%e $&'e &n- in $uc%
+&(cel$ &$ &(e liGel/ to .(in* t%e
%i*%e$t +(ice! T%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o(, i)
+(e$ent &t t%e $&le, '&/ -i(ect t%e
o(-e( in 2%ic% +(o+e(t/, (e&l o(
+e($on&l, $%&ll .e $ol-, 2%en $uc%
+(o+e(t/ con$i$t$ o) $e1e(&l Gno2n
lot$ o( +&(cel$ 2%ic% c&n .e $ol- to
&-1&nt&*e $e+&(&tel/! Neit%e( t%e
oJce( con-uctin* t%e e#ecution $&le,
no( %i$ -e+utie$, c&n .eco'e &
+u(c%&$e(, no( .e inte(e$te- -i(ectl/
o( in-i(ectl/ in &n/ +u(c%&$e &t $uc%
$&le! ;4&<
Execution sale shall be done at 3ublic auction. The 3ublic
is in#ited to bid %a!a ma! 3ublic notice. Thee ae e#en
3ublication fo eal 3o3et! LT1 T>E >0A>EST ?0--ER.M >o*
does it ha33en; 2omall!, ang unang magbi<bid di!an is
i!ong cedito. And nomall!, his bid *ill be eGual to the
judgment in his fa#o. Ho exam3le, the judgment against ? is
$6 million *hich includes 3inci3al and inteest. Ang bid %o $6
5D9
Satisfaction
million din. 1%a! lang, bahala %a %ung sinong mas mataas
di!an. That is ho* it nomall! ha33ens.
+, 2o*, su33ose thee ae man! 3o3eties le#ied. :hat
is the 3ocess;
A, Jou sell them one b! one. >indi 3*ede saba!<saba!.
UIa!sa<ma!sa laeng balong=V Afte suPcient 3o3et! has
been sold and that is enough to satisf! the debt, then do not
sell an!moe. -o not sell moe than *hat is necessa! to
satisf! the judgment.
When the sa"e is of rea" property, consisting of se#era"
@nown "ots, they must ?e so"d separate"y.
Jeas ago, 0 *itnessed an auction sale of subdi#ision
hee. 1b#iousl!, the o*ne of the subdi#ision could not 3a!
his account. So thee *as a 3ublic auction. 1f couse, the
subdi#ision consists of moe than 6CC lots Z iba<iba ang
location, ma! ma3a eh. 2o*, !ou cannot sa!, /"right, $(N
"ots. 6i"a manG >indi 3u!di i!an. 0sa<isa da3at (ot [6, lot
[5, lot [3Y @aya pa ?a iyanG 4 may ?e interested to ?uy
on"y one "ot. So, lot [6, highest bidde, lot [5Yuntil the
3oceeds ae enough to satisf! the account. So hindi
3*edeng one time, gaa3alan i!an, %a3al ng sheif ni!an.
7ga $*N "ots ah hindi 3*ede i!anZisa<isa da3at. That is
ho* tedious it is.
The la* sa!s, the debto, if he is 3esent, he can
inte#ene. >e sa!s, /"right, unahin mo muna ito because
he ma! %no* of somebod! *ho is *illing to bu! his 3o3et!.
So he can tell the sheif, 4f you want to se"" unahin mo
muna ito ?ecause merong ma"a@ing ?ayad yan eh in ode
fo his othe 3o3eties to be sa#ed fom the execution.
2o*, the last 3aaga3h, the last sentence sa!s, Lneither
the oHcer conducting the eecution sa"e, nor his deputies,
can ?ecome a purchaser, nor ?e interested direct"y or
indirect"y in any purchase at such sa"eM. So the sheif and his
de3ut! cannot 3atici3ate in the auction, these ae 3ohibited
inteest.
0 thin% thee is also a 3ohibition in the "i#il "ode on this
Z on 3ohibited sales. The judge cannot be inteested in the
sale of a 3o3et! *hich is the subject matte of the litigation.
The la*!e hee cannot 3uchase a 3o3et! in#ol#ing a case
*hich he handled, to 3e#ent conWict of inteest.
Sec! 45! Refusa" of purchaser to pay.
I) & +u(c%&$e( (e)u$e$ to +&/ t%e
&'ount .i- ./ %i' )o( +(o+e(t/ $t(ucG
oK to %i' &t & $&le un-e( e#ecution,
t%e oJce( '&/ &*&in $ell t%e +(o+e(t/
to t%e %i*%e$t .i--e( &n- $%&ll not .e
(e$+on$i.le )o( &n/ lo$$ occ&$ione-
t%e(e./E .ut t%e cou(t '&/ o(-e( t%e
(e)u$in* +u(c%&$e( to +&/ into t%e
cou(t t%e &'ount o) $uc% lo$$, 2it%
co$t$, &n- '&/ +uni$% %i' )o(
conte'+t i) %e -i$o.e/$ t%e o(-e(! T%e
&'ount o) $uc% +&/'ent $%&ll .e )o(
t%e .ene0t o) t%e +e($on entitle- to
t%e +(ocee-$ o) t%e e#ecution, unle$$
t%e e#ecution %&$ .een )ull/ $&ti$0e-,
in 2%ic% e1ent $uc% +(ocee-$ $%&ll .e
)o( t%e .ene0t o) t%e ,u-*'ent
o.li*o(! T%e oJce( '&/ t%e(e&)te(
(e,ect &n/ $u.$e3uent .i- o) $uc%
+u(c%&$e( 2%o (e)u$e$ to +&/! ;44&<
Auction sale, We are now going to se"" this piece of
property. /"right, highest ?idderP6$N,NNN, net 6$$,NNN,
6$%,NNN, 6$&,NNN. Sabi noong isa, /"right, 6'N,NNNO
SheifQ /ny other ?idGPwa"a naG O@ wa"a naO then, itJs so"d
to you. 0aan ang pera moG ?idde, Wa"a a@ong pera, ?iro
"ang iyon.
I! goll!= $*ede %ang i<contem3t ni!an ba=
+nagpapatawa, hindi naman @a"?oO, Jou can be declaed in
contem3t of cout. >indi ito biuan. This is a 3oceeding. So
*e *ill e3eat the 3ocedue %asi *ala man. Qalo%ohan 3ala
ito. ?*iset=
+, Ia! he bid again;
A, 2o moe. The oPce ma! theeafte eject an!
subseGuent bid of such 3uchase *ho efused to 3a!. So do
not fool aound thee *hen !ou ma%e a bid. Jou must be
seious and !ou must be ead! to 3a! fo !ou bid.
Sec! 4! Dudgment o?"igee as
purchaser. H%en t%e +u(c%&$e( i$ t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*ee, &n- no t%i(-F+&(t/
cl&i' %&$ .een 0le-, %e nee- not +&/
t%e &'ount o) t%e .i- i) it -oe$ not
e#cee- t%e &'ount o) %i$ ,u-*'ent! I)
it -oe$, %e $%&ll +&/ onl/ t%e e#ce$$!
;43&<
+, "an the judgment obligee the cedito<3laintif
3atici3ate in the auction sale;
A, JES, unde Section 56. The sale is o3en to the 3ublic.
As a matte of fact, in nomal auction sale, the )st bidde is
the 3laintif himself.
A, Su33ose, he is the highest bidde. So the 3o3et! is
declaed sold to him. 0s he obliged to 3a! his bid;
A, AE2ERA( R/(E, 21. :h!; Jou sim3l! a33l! the la* on
com3ensation 0 o*e !ou mone! on the 3uchase 3ice fo
!ou 3o3et! but !ou also o*e me mone! based on the
judgment. So Guits na ta!o. :ala ng ba!aan= 0!ang 3o3et!
na ang 3ina%a<ba!ad mo.
E."E$T012, T*o 457 instances *hen obligee ma! be
eGuied to 3a! fo his bid,
6.7 :hen his bid is highe than the judgment. So he has
to 3a! the cash fo the excess o
E.AI$(E, The judgment in m! fa#o is $6
million, m! bid is $6.5 million and 0Om the
highest bidde. So 0 ha#e to 3a! !ou the
5D'
Satisfaction
balance, the $5CC,CCC because that is moe
than the judgment in m! fa#o.
5.7 *hen the 3o3et! *hich is to be sold is a subject of
a thid 3at! claim because it is eall! conto#esial
*hethe the 3o3et! is eall! o*ned b! the
judgment debto.
So, if thee is a 3d 3at! claim, he has to
3a! because it is conto#esial < as to *ho
eall! is the o*ne of the 3o3et!. 1f couse,
i!ong 3ea na%a<de3osit i!an. Jou mone! *ill
be etuned to !ou if it tuns out the claim is
fi#olous. 0f the thid 3at! claim tuns out to
be #alid, it *ill be gi#en to the eal o*ne
because the 3o3et! that !ou bought tuned
out to be o*ned b! somebod! *ho is not
!ou debto.
Sec! 44! /djournment of sa"e. 9/
2(itten con$ent o) t%e ,u-*'ent
o.li*o( &n- o.li*ee, o( t%ei( -ul/
&ut%o(iLe- (e+(e$ent&ti1e$, t%e oJce(
'&/ &-,ou(n t%e $&le to &n/ -&te &n-
ti'e &*(ee- u+on ./ t%e'! Hit%out
$uc% &*(ee'ent, %e '&/ &-,ou(n t%e
$&le )(o' -&/ to -&/ i) it .eco'e$
nece$$&(/ to -o $o )o( l&cG o) ti'e to
co'+lete t%e $&le on t%e -&/ 0#e- in
t%e notice o( t%e -&/ to 2%ic% it 2&$
&-,ou(ne-! ;4?&<
Su33ose the auction sale *as scheduled toda!. >indi
nata3os because thee ae man! 3o3eties to be sold li%e
5CC lots. Then *e can continue tomoo*.
Su33ose *e *ill continue next *ee%. Then both 3aties
must agee b! *itten consent of the judgment obligo and
obligee if *e *ill 3ost3one it to anothe date na mas mala!o.
+, -o !ou %no* *h! these things ae #e! im3otant;
A, ?ecause !ou alead! ad#etised that it *ill be held
on this da!. So an! change on the date has to be stictl!
com3lied *ith. ThatOs the eason behind these.
+, 2o*, *hat 3o3eties can be sold at 3ublic auction;
A, 0tOs eithe 3esonal 3o3et! o eal 3o3et!. :e ae
sue about that.
T:1 TJ$ES 1H $ERS12A( $R1$ERTJ,
6.7 one ca3able of manual deli#e!E and
5.7 one not ca3able of manual deli#e! i!ong mga
intangibles ba=
+, :hat is the 3ocedue fo the sale of 3esonal
3o3et! ca3able of manual deli#e! and one not ca3able of
manual deli#e!;
A, Jou ha#e Section 53 and Section 5&.
+, :hen it comes to eal 3o3et!, *hat is the
3ocedue;
A, The 3ocedue is Section 58.
So letOs go o#e thee, con#e!ance to 3uchase of
3esonal 3o3et! ca3able of manual deli#e!. (i%e a ca and
a33liance o an! othe tangible object.
Sec! 43! 2on#eyance to purchaser of
persona" property capa?"e of manua"
de"i#ery. H%en t%e +u(c%&$e( o) &n/
+e($on&l +(o+e(t/, c&+&.le o) '&nu&l
-eli1e(/, +&/$ t%e +u(c%&$e +(ice, t%e
oJce( '&Gin* t%e $&le 'u$t -eli1e(
t%e +(o+e(t/ to t%e +u(c%&$e( &n-, i)
-e$i(e-, e#ecute &n- -eli1e( to %i' &
ce(ti0c&te o) $&le! T%e $&le con1e/$ to
t%e +u(c%&$e( &ll t%e (i*%t$ 2%ic% t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*o( %&- in $uc% +(o+e(t/
&$ o) t%e -&te o) t%e le1/ on e#ecution
o( +(eli'in&(/ &tt&c%'ent! ;4@&<
Sec! 4?! 2on#eyance to purchaser of
persona" property not capa?"e of manua"
de"i#ery. H%en t%e +u(c%&$e( o) &n/
+e($on&l +(o+e(t/, not c&+&.le o)
'&nu&l -eli1e(/, +&/$ t%e +u(c%&$e
+(ice, t%e oJce( '&Gin* t%e $&le 'u$t
e#ecute &n- -eli1e( to t%e +u(c%&$e( &
ce(ti0c&te o) $&le! Suc% ce(ti0c&te
con1e/$ to t%e +u(c%&$e( &ll t%e (i*%t$
2%ic% t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o( %&- in
$uc% +(o+e(t/ &$ o) t%e -&te o) t%e
le1/ on e#ecution o( +(eli'in&(/
&tt&c%'ent! ;46&<
+, :hat is the 3ocedue fo the sale of 3o3et! ca3able
of manual deli#e!;
A, :hen the 3o3et! is "A$A?(E 1H IA2/A( -E(0NERJ,
and !ou ae the highest bidde, 0 *ill deli#e the ca to !ou,
and execute and deli#e to !ou a ceti)cate of sale. The
ceti)cate of sale should be signed b! the sheif to 3o#e
that !ou ae the highest bidde. And *ith that ceti)cate of
sale, !ou can egiste that *ith the (T1. Automaticall!, the
(T1 *ill tansfe the o*neshi3 and the egistation of the ca
in !ou name.
+, :hat is the 3ocedue fo the sale of 3o3et! 21T
"A$A?(E 1H IA2/A( -E(0NERJ; Iga intangible assets;
A, Thee is nothing to 3h!sicall! gi#e !ou. ?ut accoding
to Section 5&, the oPce ma%ing the same must execute and
deli#e to the 3uchase a ceti)cate and that is actuall!
tantamount to deli#e! alead!.
+, :hen !ou bu! a 3esonal 3o3et! at an auction
sale and the sheif executes a ceti)cate of sale in !ou
fa#o, do !ou become the o*ne of the 3o3et!;
A, ?oth sections sa!, the sa"e con#eys to the purchaser
a"" the rights which the judgment o?"igor ha#e in such
property as of the date of the "e#y on eecution. At the sale,
5D9
Satisfaction
!ou acGuie all the ights *hich the obligo had in such
3o3et!. Jou become the o*ne because !ou acGuie the
judgment obligoOs ight of o*neshi3 o#e such 3o3et!.
?/T su33ose the obligo holding the 3o3et! is not the
o*ne of the 3o3et! although he has some ight o#e the
3o3et! and his ights *hee sold, then !ou onl! acGuie
*hate#e ights he has o#e the 3o3et!. Jou do not acGuie
o*neshi3. A s3ing cannot ise highe than its souce.
E.AI$(E, Jou ae the defendant but !ou enjo! ights
o#e the 3o3et! as usufuctua! !ou ae the bene)cial
o*ne of the 3o3et! but not the na%ed o*ne. And !ou
ights as usufuctua! *ee le#ied. 0 am the 3uchase. "an 0
acGuie na%ed o*neshi3; 1f couse 21T. 0 onl! acGuie
bene)cial o*neshi3. 0 onl! acGuie *hate#e ight the debto
has o#e the 3o3et!.
The S" made a commenta! on that issue on the natue
of the sheifOs sale and one of *hich is the case of
LEYSON #s! TAOADA
59 SCRA 66 B9>C
7ELD, LAt a sheifOs sale the! do not sell
the land ad#etised to sell, although that is a
common acce3tation, but the! sim3l! sell *hat
inteest in that land the judgment debto hasE
and if !ou bu! his inteest, and it afte*ads
de#elo3s that he has none, !ou ae still liable
on !ou bid, because !ou ha#e ofeed so much
fo his inteest in o3en ma%et, and it is fo !ou
to detemine befoe !ou bid *hat is his inteest
in the 3o3et!.M
So, it is fo !ou to detemine *hat his inteest is befoe
!ou bid. That is *h! !ou loo% at the sheifOs notice of sale,
meon mang *aning ba, -otice to prospecti#e ?idders. Eou
are ad#ised to !nd out whate#er interest the de?tor has.
Ho E.AI$(E, Jou bu! the land and it tuns out na hindi
3ala ma!<ai i!ong taong i!on, iba ang ights ni!a. Then !ou
ae to u3hold his ights, /h, 4 wi"" ho"d the sheriI "ia?"eO 2o
!ou cannot. Thee is no *aant! hee on o*neshi3.
So, do not confuse this *ith 3i#ate sale of 3o3et!Z
*aant! against e#ictionZ*ala i!an sa sheifOs sale. The
sheif does not *aant the o*neshi3 of the 3o3et!. The
la* onl! *aants the guaantee that !ou *ill acGuie
*hate#e inteest he has. And if his inteest is less than *hat
!ou ex3ect, 3asensha %a. This is a case of 2/BE/. E76.OR R
let the bu!e be*ae. That is the thing !ou ha#e to
emembe about action sale.
Sec! 4@! 2on#eyance of rea" propertyK
certi!cate thereof gi#en to purchaser and
!"ed with registry of deeds. U+on & $&le
o) (e&l +(o+e(t/, t%e oJce( 'u$t *i1e
to t%e +u(c%&$e( & ce(ti0c&te o) $&le
cont&inin*D
;&< A +&(ticul&( -e$c(i+tion o) t%e
(e&l +(o+e(t/ $ol-E
;.< T%e +(ice +&i- )o( e&c% -i$tinct
lot o( +&(celE
;c< T%e 2%ole +(ice +&i- ./ %i'E
;-< A $t&te'ent t%&t t%e (i*%t o)
(e-e'+tion e#+i(e$ one ;< /e&( )(o'
t%e -&te o) t%e (e*i$t(&tion o) t%e
ce(ti0c&te o) $&le!
Suc% ce(ti0c&te 'u$t .e
(e*i$te(e- in t%e (e*i$t(/ o) -ee-$ o)
t%e +l&ce 2%e(e t%e +(o+e(t/ i$
$itu&te-! ;4=&<
0f the 3o3et! sold at 3ublic auction is a 3iece of land
4eal 3o3et!7, the sheif *ill execute in !ou fa#o *hat is
%no*n as the sheifOs "ERT0H0"ATE 1H SA(E. AnoOng
na%alaga! di!an; 0t is 3acticall! *hat a nomal deed of sale
3o#ides the desci3tion of the land, the 3o3et! sold, the
*hole 3ice 3aid, the lot if thee ae difeent 3acels, ho*
much 3e 3acel.
The im3otant 3aaga3h is UdV, L/ statement that the
right of redemption epires one <$> year from the date of the
registration of the certi!cate of sa"eM.
+, :hat is the main difeence bet*een a sale of
3esonal 3o3et! unde Section 53 and sale of eal 3o3et!
unde Section 58;
A, :hen the 3o3et! sold at 3ublic auction is eal
3o3et!, the debto has one 467 !ea to edeem the 3o3et!.
ThatOs *hat !ou call the R0A>T 1H RE-EI$T012 fom the
3uchase. ?ut if the 3o3et! sold at 3ublic auction is
3esonal 3o3et!, li%e cas o a33liances, thee is no ight of
edem3tion.
Thee is no ight of edem3tion in 3esonal 3o3et!. That
is onl! ecogniBed in eal 3o3et!. So if !ou 43esonal7
3o3et! is sold at 3ublic auction, and then thee is a highest
bidde, !ou cannot sa!, /nyway, pwede @o namang ?awiin
iyon. 21, *ala i!ang ba*i, %an!a na !an. ?ut if the 3o3et!
sold at 3ublic auction is eal 3o3et!, that is not %issing !ou
land goodb!e. Jou ha#e one !ea to edeem it. That is !ou
last chance.
+, 0ummaryQ 0f !ou ae the highest bidde, *hen do !ou
acGuie o*neshi3 of the 3o3et! sold in a auction sale;
A, 0t -E$E2-S *hethe the 3o3et! sold is 3esonal o
eal,
a.7 0f it is $ERS12A( $R1$ERTJ, the title is
tansfeed afte 3a!ment of the 3uchase 3ice
and deli#e! u3on the 3uchase. -eli#e! is
eithe 3h!sical o s!mbolicE 4Sections 53 X 5&7
b.7 0f it is REA( $R1$ERTJ, the title is tansfeed,
not afte the auction sale, but afte ex3iation of
the ight to edeem. 4Section 587
Thee is no ight of edem3tion unde 3esonal 3o3et!.
0t can onl! be execised in eal 3o3et!.
59C
Satisfaction
2o*, ta%e note that the 3eiod to edeem is 12E JEAR
HR1I T>E -ATE 1H T>E REA0STRAT012 of the ceti)cate of
sale in the oPce of the egista of deeds. 0t is 21T fom the
date of the auction sale.
/nde the old la*, malabo eh, from the date of sa"e.
Anong sa"e; -ate of the auction sale o date of the issuance
of ceti)cate of sale; Accoding to the S", the date of the
egistation. That is the stat of the counting. Qa!a nga if
thee is a sale in !ou fa#o, 3ag i<dela! mo ang egistation,
i%a* ang %a*a*a because the longe !ou dela! it, the
edem3tion 3eiod is being stetched. 0nstead of cutting afte
one !ea, 3eiod of edem3tion has not been cut of %a!a
thee must be a egistation.
/nde the 3esent ule, the ight of edem3tion ex3ies
afte one 467 !ea fom the date of the egistation of the
ceti)cate of sale. /nde the old la*, it ex3ies afte t*el#e
4657 months.
+, 0s the Mone yearJ unde the 3esent ule and the M$%
monthsJ unde the old ules the same;
A, 21, and *e %no* that 65 months is 3DC da!s. 1ne
month is 3C da!s times 65 is 3DC da!s. ?ut one !ea is 3D8
da!s. So the! ae not the same.
ThatOs *h! befoe, the edem3tion 3eiod fo
extajudicial foeclosue of motgage is one !ea. And the
edem3tion in execution unde Rule 39 is 65 months. So
thee is a difeence. ?ut 21:, 3aeho na.
ThatOs *h! the old case of 0./.E 4-BE0.7E-. HO50E
*hen the S" made the distinction bet*een the one !ea
3eiod fo motgage and the 65 months 3eiod unde Rule 39
is alead! IEA202A(ESS because the one !ea 3eiod. 21:
is unifom.
+, "an !ou attac% the #alidit! of an auction sale;
A, AE2ERA( R/(E, 21, !ou cannot attac% the auction
sale on the 3esum3tion that e#e! fai sale is )nal. Thee is
a 3esum3tion of egula 3efomance of dut! b! the sheif.
E."E$T012, :hen an execution ma! be set aside,
6.7 :hen it is sho*n fom the natue of the
iegulait! o fom intinsic facts inju! esulted
theefom. 42a#ao #s. 2a#ao, 9D $hil. 6557
Ieaning, thee *ee seious iegulaities
committed b! the oPce in conducting the sale
li%e no 3ublication, no notice, no 3io le#!, etc.E
5.7 :hen the 3ice obtained at the execution sale is
shoc%ingl! inadeGuate and it is sho*n that a
bette 3ice can be obtained at a esale.
4?aoBo #s. Iacadaeg, '3 $hil. 39'7 Ieaning,
the highest bid is shoc%ingl! inadeGuate.
E.AI$(E, 0 o*ed !ou fo $6CC,CCC $6CC,CCC ang
judgment= And *hat is le#ied is a band ne* Iecedes ?enB.
So soba na !on na 3amba!ad sa utang. ?ut the highest bid
is $3C,CCC. Just imagine the highest bid is 3C,CCC, ta3os
meon 3ang de)cienc! judgment fo $9C,CCC of couse,
thee is something *ong hee. So, that is an exce3tion, no=
That is, *hen the 3ice obtained at the execution sale is
S>1"Q02A(J 02A-E+/ATE to the senses and it is sho*n that
a bette 3ice can be obtained.
M0hoc@ing to the sensesJ means hindi naman !ung the
difeence is #e! slight.
E."E$T012 T1 T>E E."E$T012, The ule that !ou can
Guestion the #alidit! of the auction sale if the 3ice obtained
is shoc%ingl! inadeGuate a33lies 12(J *hen the 3o3et!
sold is $ERS12A( 3o3et!. The exce3tion does not a33l!
*hen the 3o3et! sold is eal 3o3et! because if the
3o3et! sold is a 3esonal 3o3et!, thee is no ight of
edem3tion. ?ut if the 3o3et! sold is eal 3o3et!, !ou
cannot com3lain because, an!*a!, !ou ha#e one !ea to 3a!
and the edem3tion 3ice is lo*e. So, !ou ae not eall!
3ejudiced. So *h! ae !ou com3laining; ThatOs *hat the S"
said in the case of
RAMOS #s. PA9LO
?6 SCRA @ B9>6C
7ELD, LA eading of 3laintifs@ 43etitiones@7
com3laint sho*s that inadeGuac! of 3ice *as
aised as one of the issues. Assuming that the
3ice *as shoc%ingl! lo*, the same cannot
#itiate the auction sale fo edem3tion *ould be
com3aati#el! easie.M
That is because the 3o3et! sold in R/7O0 is eal
3o3et!. $eo %ung 3esonal 3o3et!, 0 thin% it is eall!
unfai. Jou lose the 3o3et! foe#e *ith a #e! small
amount.
Sec! 46! 2erti!cate of sa"e where
property c"aimed ?y third person. H%en &
+(o+e(t/ $ol- ./ 1i(tue o) & 2(it o)
e#ecution %&$ .een cl&i'e- ./ & t%i(-
+e($on, t%e ce(ti0c&te o) $&le to .e
i$$ue- ./ t%e $%e(iK +u($u&nt to
$ection$ 43, 4? &n- 4@ o) t%i$ Rule
$%&ll '&Ge e#+(e$$ 'ention o) t%e
e#i$tence o) $uc% t%i(-F+&(t/ cl&i'!
;4>&<
0f the 3o3et! sold at 3ublic auction is a subject of a
thid 3at! claim unde Section 6D, the ceti)cate of sale to
the 3o3et! is issued subject to the outcome of the thid
3at! claim b! a stange.
Sec! 4=! Who may redeem rea"
property so so"d. Re&l +(o+e(t/ $ol- &$
+(o1i-e- in t%e l&$t +(ece-in* $ection,
o( &n/ +&(t t%e(eo) $ol- $e+&(&tel/,
596
Satisfaction
'&/ .e (e-ee'e- in t%e '&nne(
%e(ein&)te( +(o1i-e-, ./ t%e )ollo2in*
+e($on$D
;&< T%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o(, o( %i$
$ucce$$o( in inte(e$t in t%e 2%ole o(
&n/ +&(t o) t%e +(o+e(t/E
;.< A c(e-ito( %&1in* & lien ./
1i(tue o) &n &tt&c%'ent, ,u-*'ent o(
'o(t*&*e on t%e +(o+e(t/ $ol-, o( on
$o'e +&(t t%e(eo), $u.$e3uent to t%e
lien un-e( 2%ic% t%e +(o+e(t/ 2&$
$ol-! Suc% (e-ee'in* c(e-ito( i$
te('e- & (e-e'+tione(! ;49&<
That is an im3otant section.
+, :ho ae entitled to edeem eal 3o3et!;
A, Thee ae t*o 457,
6.7 The judgment obligo o his successo<in<
inteestE and
5.7 A creditor ha#ing a lien b! #itue of an
attachment, judgment o motgage on the
3o3et! sold, su?seAuent to the lien unde
*hich the 3o3et! *as sold. >e is %no* as the
RE-EI$T012ER.
D5=37E-. O1;43OR OR H40 0522E00OR0F4-F4-.ERE0.
Judgment obligo is clea the defendant *ho lost the
case the defendant *hose 3o3et! *as le#ied. 1, his
successo<in<inteest. Ho E.AI$(E, -uing the one !ea
3eiod to edeem, the judgment debto died. So it could be
his heis, his childen, his s3ouse *ho could execise the ight
to edeem because the! ste3 into his shoes. Also, successo<
in<inteest *ould also efe to a 3eson to *hom the obligo
assigned o tansfeed his ight to edeem.
+, "an the defendant sell, aside fom tansfeing, his
ight to anothe 3eson;
A, JES, because the ight to edeem is 3o3et! b! itself.
I! ight to edeem is also 3o3et! such as an inteest to the
eal 3o3et! *hich can be the subject matte of a sale.
E.AI$(E, LAlight, ma! 3o3et! a%o *oth $8 million.
2a<sheif fo $5 million. :ala na, hindi %o na %a!a. 0benta %o
sa i!o fo $3 million. Ai#e me $6 million cash at i%a* na ang
mag edeem sa 3uchase.M Ainansi!a %a 3a in di ba; $8
million gud i!on. So 0 can sell, and once 0 sell the ight to
edeem to !ou, !ou ae classi)ed as successo<in<inteest fo
the judgment obligo.
RE=E76.4O-ER
+, -e)ne edem3tione.
A, A edem3tione is a cedito ha#ing a lien b! #itue of
an attachment, judgment o motgage on the 3o3et! sold,
o on some 3at theeof, subseGuent to the lien unde *hich
the 3o3et! *as sold.
0((/STRAT012, Su33ose thee is a title o*ned b! . and
he has fou 4&7 ceditos. (etOs sa! the 3o3et! is *oth $6C
million and he o*es A fo $5 million. So A le#ied the 3o3et!.
2o* theeOs anothe judgment in fa#o of ? and thee is no
othe 3o3et!, ito na lang. So ang gina*a ni ?, tinata%an
ni!a anothe $5 million.
/nde the (a* on (and Titles and -eeds, ? has infeio
ights. 0n othe *ods, the ight of A is su3eio to the ight of
?. A has no obligation to es3ect the ight of ? but ? is
obliged to es3ect the ight of A. And Assuming that thee is a
thid cedito " fo anothe $5 million. Thus, subseGuent
holde din si ". 0f - is also a cedito, a3at na sila.
1f couse, the ight of A is su3eio. >e le#ies the
3o3et!, ma! one !ea to edeem. Sabi ni ., Wa"a na a@ong
property, so ano pang pa@ia"am @o @ay 1G Su33ose . *ill not
edeem, so A becomes the o*ne afte one !ea. :hat
ha33ens to ?, " and -; ?ua lahat %a!o because !ou ae
undeneath. A has no obligation to es3ect !ou liens.
0n othe *ods, A acGuies the entie 3o3et! fo onl!
$5I because hindi na inteesado si .. Shem3e si ?
inteesado. So ? *ill 3a! A *ithin the edem3tion 3eiod 3aa
matanggal si A. Jung utang ni . na $5I bina!aan ni!a %a!
A. So $& million na ang ha*a% ni ?. And ? *ill no* be the
numbe one. ? *ill no* acGuie the 3o3et!. $eo sabi ni ",
Hindi pwede iyan, "ugi a@oO Qasi 3agna<acGuie na ni ? ang
3o3et!, 3ata! na naman si " and -. Sabi ni ", 1a?a?uyin,
ah este 1a?ayaran @ita <1>O O ayan ang 6' mi""ion. 0a@sa@
mo sa ?aga moO - can do the same thing to ".
0!an ang tinata*ag na edem3tiones 3eo3le *ho ha#e
lien subseGuent because that is !ou onl! *a! to 3otect !ou
lien o#e the 3o3et!. An!*a!, e#en if - *ill 3a! e#e!bod!,
hindi 3a in lugi because the 3o3et! is *oth $6C million.
?ut he s3ent $' million because he had to bu! o edeem it
fom 3eo3le *ho ae ahead of him. That is the illustation of
edem3tiones, the! ha#e a 3esonalit! o a ight to edeem
the 3o3et! fom *hoe#e is ahead of him in ode to 3otect
his lien o#e the 3o3et! because if he *ill not edeem, the
Guic%est one *ill acGuie the 3o3et! fee fom an! lien o
encumbance. Eh, %ung *ala na !ung 3o3et!; $ata! na a%o.
:hat 3o3et! *ill 0 get to satisf! the account *ala na a%ong
3o3et!, isa nalang. That is the ule on edem3tion. That is
*hat Section 59 is all about.
Ta%e note that edem3tiones cannot edeem if the
judgment debto edeems.
4Ho Re#ie* "lass7 2o*, let us discuss the case of
$A(0"TE #s. REI1(0TE, infa. This case is instucti#e on the
issue of ight of edem3tion unde Rule 39 in elation to
s3ecial 3oceedings the estate of deceased 3eson. This is
*hat ha33ened,
PALICTE #s! REMOLETE
@? SCRA 34 B9>=C
595
Satisfaction
FACTS, A man lost a case and his
3o3eties *ee le#ied. So letOs sa! his
3o3eties *ee le#ied fo $6 million. ?ut duing
the 6<!ea 3eiod of edem3tion, he died. And
he is su#i#ed b! 8 childen. And thee is an
administato a33ointed b! the cout to
administe the 3o3eties of the deceased.
-uing the one 3eiod to edeem, one of )#e
childen, siguo ma!aman, edeemed the
3o3eties of thei fathe.
Ta%e note that onl! one of the heis
edeemed the entie 3o3et! fom the
judgment cedito< obligee. And one of the
issues aised is *hethe one hei alone has the
3esonalit! to edeem fom the cedito the
3o3et! of the estate *hen thee is an
administato. Remembe, ha the legal
e3esentati#e unde the la*, is the
administato.
ISSUE P, So, *ho has the ight to
edeem; The hei o the administato;
7ELD, The >E0R has the ight to edeem.
LAt the moment of the decedentOs death, the
heis stat to o*n the 3o3et!, subject to the
decedentOs liabilities. 0n fact, the! ma! dis3ose
of the same e#en *hile the 3o3et! is unde
administation. 0f the heis ma! dis3ose of thei
shaes in the decedentOs 3o3et! e#en *hile it
is unde administation *ith moe eason should
the heis be allo*ed to edeem edeemable
3o3eties des3ite the 3esence of an
administato.M
ISSUE P4, Iust the one edeeming 3o#e
that the othe co<heis, the administato and
the cout ex3essl! ageed to the edem3tion;
0s it necessa! fo him to get thei consent;
7ELD, LThee is 21 2EE- fo such 3io
a33o#al. :hile it ma! ha#e been desiable, it is
not indis3ensable. Thee is li%e*ise nothing in
the ecods to indicate that the edem3tion *as
not bene)cial to the estate.M An!*a!, the
estate *as bene)ted. The 3o3et! *as
etuned to the estate athe than acGuied b!
the ceditos.
ISSUE P3, >o* can one s3eci)c hei
edeem alone *hen his inteest in the estate is
not )xed and deteminate 3ending the ode of
distibution b! the cout; >e is just a 6K8 o*ne
and then he is edeeming e#e!thing, ho* can
that be done;
7ELD, L0t ma! be tue that the inteest of a
s3eci)c hei is not !et )xed and deteminate
3ending the ode of distibution ?/T,
nonetheless, the heiOs inteest in the
3ese#ation of the estate and the eco#e! of
its 3o3eties is geate than an!bod! elseOs,
de)nitel! moe than the administatoOs *ho
meel! holds it fo the ceditos, the heis, and
the legatees.M
ISSUE P?, "an *e not conside the
administato as the judgment<debto himself
and the onl! one successo<in<inteest;
7ELD, 21. LThe estate of the deceased is
the judgment<debto and the heis *ho *ill
e#entuall! acGuie that estate should not be
3ohibited fom doing thei shae in its
3ese#ation.M
ISSUE P@, So, sabi ng edeeming hei,
O@ey, so now "et the property ?e registered in
my name ?ecause pera @o man ang ginamit. 4
spent my money in paying the property
inc"uding the shares of my ?rothers and sisters
who ha#e no money.M 0s the edeeming hei
coect;
7ELD, 21. LThe motion to tansfe the
titles of the 3o3eties to the name of the
edeeming hei cannot 3os3e at this time.
1the*ise, to allo* such tansfe of title *ould
amount to a distibution of the estate.M That is
tantamount to 3ematue distibution of the
estate. Jou cannot distibute the estate in fa#o
of one hei immediatel!.
So, *hat is the solution; LThe othe heis
ae, theefoe, gi#en a six<month 3eiod to join
as co<edem3tiones in the edem3tion made b!
the 3etitione befoe the motion to tansfe
titles to the latteOs name ma! be ganted.M
So meaning, if the othe heis ae gi#en D months, hindi
n!o maba!aan, 3*ede na !an, %asi 3ea man ni!a ang
ginamit.
Sec! 4>! .ime and manner of, and
amounts paya?"e on, successi#e
redemptionsK notice to ?e gi#en and !"ed.
T%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o(, o(
(e-e'+tione(, '&/ (e-ee' t%e
+(o+e(t/ )(o' t%e +u(c%&$e(, &t &n/
ti'e 2it%in one ;< /e&( )(o' t%e -&te
o) t%e (e*i$t(&tion o) t%e ce(ti0c&te o)
$&le, ./ +&/in* t%e +u(c%&$e( t%e
&'ount o) %i$ +u(c%&$e, 2it% one +e(
centu' +e( 'ont% inte(e$t t%e(eon in
&--ition, u+ to t%e ti'e o)
(e-e'+tion, to*et%e( 2it% t%e &'ount
o) &n/ &$$e$$'ent$ o( t&#e$ 2%ic% t%e
+u(c%&$e( '&/ %&1e +&i- t%e(eon
&)te( +u(c%&$e, &n- inte(e$t on $uc%
l&$t n&'e- &'ount &t t%e $&'e (&teE
&n- i) t%e +u(c%&$e( .e &l$o & c(e-ito(
%&1in* & +(io( lien to t%&t o) t%e
(e-e'+tione(, ot%e( t%&n t%e
593
Satisfaction
,u-*'ent un-e( 2%ic% $uc% +u(c%&$e
2&$ '&-e, t%e &'ount o) $uc% ot%e(
lien, 2it% inte(e$t!
P(o+e(t/ $o (e-ee'e- '&/ &*&in
.e (e-ee'e- 2it%in $i#t/ ;65< -&/$
&)te( t%e l&$t (e-e'+tion u+on
+&/'ent o) t%e $u' +&i- on t%e l&$t
(e-e'+tion, 2it% t2o +e( centu'
t%e(eon in &--ition, &n- t%e &'ount o)
&n/ &$$e$$'ent$ o( t&#e$ 2%ic% t%e
l&$t (e-e'+tione( '&/ %&1e +&i-
t%e(eon &)te( (e-e'+tion ./ %i', 2it%
inte(e$t on $uc% l&$tFn&'e- &'ount,
&n- in &--ition, t%e &'ount o) &n/
lien$ %el- ./ $&i- l&$t (e-e'+tione(
+(io( to %i$ o2n, 2it% inte(e$t! T%e
+(o+e(t/ '&/ .e &*&in, &n- &$ o)ten
&$ & (e-e'+tione( i$ $o -i$+o$e-,
(e-ee'e- )(o' &n/ +(e1iou$
(e-e'+tione( 2it%in $i#t/ ;65< -&/$
&)te( t%e l&$t (e-e'+tion, on +&/in*
t%e $u' +&i- on t%e l&$t +(e1iou$
(e-e'+tion, 2it% t2o +e( centu'
t%e(eon in &--ition, &n- t%e &'ount$
o) &n/ &$$e$$'ent$ o( t&#e$ 2%ic% t%e
l&$t +(e1iou$ (e-e'+tione( +&i- &)te(
t%e (e-e'+tion t%e(eon, 2it% inte(e$t
t%e(eon, &n- t%e &'ount o) &n/ lien$
%el- ./ t%e l&$t (e-e'+tione( +(io( to
%i$ o2n, 2it% inte(e$t!
H(itten notice o) &n/ (e-e'+tion
'u$t .e *i1en to t%e oJce( 2%o '&-e
t%e $&le &n- & -u+lic&te 0le- 2it% t%e
(e*i$t(/ o) -ee-$ o) t%e +l&ce, &n- i)
&n/ &$$e$$'ent$ o( t&#e$ &(e +&i- ./
t%e (e-e'+tione( o( i) %e %&$ o(
&c3ui(e$ &n/ lien ot%e( t%&n t%&t u+on
2%ic% t%e (e-e'+tion 2&$ '&-e,
notice t%e(eo) 'u$t in liGe '&nne( .e
*i1en to t%e oJce( &n- 0le- 2it% t%e
(e*i$t(/ o) -ee-$E i) $uc% notice .e not
0le-, t%e +(o+e(t/ '&/ .e (e-ee'e-
2it%out +&/in* $uc% &$$e$$'ent$,
t&#e$, o( lien$! ;35&<
0((/STRAT012, ?o*n Suga is a judgment obligo. She
has fou ceditos 4A, ?, ", and -7 and all of them obtained
judgment against he and all of them le#ied on the same
3o3et!. ?o*n Suga is gi#en one !ea fom the egistation
of the sale to edeem it fom A. 2o*, su33ose S/AAR cannot
edeem, ? *ill be the one to edeem because the )st
edem3tione and the judgment obligo ha#e one !ea to
edeem fom the date of egistation. That is *hat Section 5'
sa!s the judgment o?"igor, or redemptioner. 2o*, " is gi#en
DC da!s to edeem. Afte that, *ala ng ight. Su33ose " *as
able to edeem, - has anothe DC da!s to edeem fom ".
+, So *hat is the 3eiod of edem3tion;
A, Thee ae t*o 3eiods of edem3tion, The judgment
obligo and )st edem3tione ae gi#en 12E JEAR fom the
date of egistation of the ceti)cate of sale to edeem and
afte that all subseGuent edem3tiones ae gi#en DC da!s.
So the second edem3tione can edeem it *ithin DC
da!s. So, *ithin DC da!s, the 3d edem3tione can edeem
it. $asa !an, in ode that the edem3tione can 3otect thei
lien o#e the 3o3et!. So, the edem3tion 3eiod is 12E JEAR
and DC -AJS es3ecti#el!.
+, 2o*, su33ose ?o*n Suga o ? *ould li%e to edeem
the 3o3et! fom A. >o* much *ill the 3o3et! be
edeemed;
A, /nde Section 5', the 3uchase o the bid 3ice fo the
3o3et! $(/S one 3ecent 3e month inteest, and
eimbusement fo taxes of the 3o3et! *ith inteest also.
?ut de)nitel!, the edem3tion 3ice \ the bid 3ice ] 6T
inteest month. So, if !ou *ill edeem afte one !ea, the bid
3ice and 65T of the bid 3ice.
0((/STRAT012, So %ung $6 million ang bid 3ice 3lus ]
$65C,CCC 46TKmonth7 \ $6.65 million
2o* thee ae t*o inteesting cases hee *hich 0 *ant
!ou to emembe. The conWicting uling in $2? #s. "A 46&C
S"RA 3DC7 and the case of SJ #s. "A 4695 S"RA 6587. The
t*o cases in#ol#ed a foeclosue of motgage not execution
but the Rules of "out a33lies. /nde the exta<judicial
foeclosue of motgage Act 3638, the 3o#ision of the Rules
of "out ae also a33licable to edem3tion in a foeclosue
sale. So the 3o#ision in Section 5' also a33lies to the
edem3tion duing an extajudicial foeclosue of 3o3et!.
PN9 #s! COURT OFAPPEALS
?5 SCRA 365 B9>@C
FACTS, Su33ose 0 *ill boo* mone! fom
the ban% and sti3ulate an inteest at 5&T 3e
annum. -uing the auction sale, it *as sold to
the ban%. :ithin one !ea, !ou a33oach me,
gusto mo na i<edeem. Iag%ano ang bid 3iceZ
$5I 3lus inteest of 5T 3e month fo the next
se#en o eight months. Sabihin ng debto, L2o,
6T lang. -i ba na%alaga! sa la* 6T lang.M $eo
ang usa3an natin is 3T monthl!.
ISSUE, So *hich 3e#ails < the 6T 3e
month unde the Rules of "out o the 5T 3e
month as sti3ulated in the 3omisso! note;
7ELD, The 6T of the Rules of "out
3e#ails. :h!; The ights of the debto o
cedito, the ban% fo exam3le, unde the
3omisso! note, o e#en unde the motgage
la*, is onl! good u3 to the auction sale. Hom
the moment the auction sale is )nished and
thee *as alead! a bid, *e ae no* tal%ing of
the one !ea 3eiod to edeem. So the ate in
the 3omisso! note is no longe a33licable.
59&
Satisfaction
The case of 6-1 *as someho* modi)ed b! the S" in the
subseGuent case of S! #s. "A 4695 S"RA 6587 *hee the facts
ae identical.
SY #s. COURT OF APPEALS
=4 SCRA 4@ B9>9C
FACTS, The! boo*ed mone! fom the
ban% at 5T a month and the! failed to 3a! the
loan. Thus, thee *as a foeclosue of motgage
then thee *as an execution of sale.
ISSUE, :ithin the one !ea 3eiod of
edem3tion, 3ila man ang inteest; The debto
*ill sa! 6T but accoding to the ban%, it is 5T
as sti3ulated. :hich *ill 3e#ail;
7ELD, The 3T a month sti3ulated unde
the motgage contact 3e#ails. :h!; ?ecause
of a s3ecial la* Section 9' of the Aeneal
?an%ing Act R.A. 339. ?et*een Section 5' of
Rule 39 and Section 9' of the Aeneal ?an%ing
Act, the latte 3e#ails because it is a s3ecial
la*. 0t a33lies to ban%s.
LThe Aeneal ?an%ing Act 3ata%es of the
natue of an amendment to the motgage la* in
so fa as the edem3tion 3ice is concened.
:hen the motgagee o the cedito is a ban% o
ban%ing cedit institution, Section D of the
motgage la* in elation to Section 5' of Rule
39 of the Rules of "out is inconsistent *ith
Section 9' of the Aeneal ?an%ing Act.M So the
ban% ate 3e#ails.
$aano nang!ai ito; 0 ha#e onl! one single ex3lanation.
>indi na%ita ng mga abogado ng $2? ang 3o#ision na i!on.
The! did not eseach #e! *ell. The! failed to cite the
3o#ision of the Aeneal ?an%ing Act *hich authoiBes the
ban% to continue chaging the highe ate e#en duing the
edem3tion 3eiod. Ainamit ng S" ang geneal ule eh. So
mas magaling ang la*!e nung ban% in the second case
because the! *ee able to detect an exce3tion unde the
geneal ule.
Jou %no*, if !ou ae a la*!e of a ban%, !ou must %no*
all the la*s egading ban%s. Just the same, if !ou ae a labo
la*!e, !ou maste all the labo la*s. ?ut if !ou ae a ba
candidate, !ou maste all la*s= Jaaaann=
Sec! 49! EIect of redemption ?y
judgment o?"igor, and a certi!cate to ?e
de"i#ered and recorded thereuponK to
whom payments on redemption made. I)
t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o( (e-ee'$, %e
'u$t '&Ge t%e $&'e +&/'ent$ &$ &(e
(e3ui(e- to eKect & (e-e'+tion ./ &
(e-e'+tione(, 2%e(eu+on, no )u(t%e(
(e-e'+tion $%&ll .e &llo2e- &n- %e i$
(e$to(e- to %i$ e$t&te! T%e +e($on to
2%o' t%e (e-e'+tion +&/'ent i$
'&-e 'u$t e#ecute &n- -eli1e( to %i'
& ce(ti0c&te o) (e-e'+tion
&cGno2le-*e- .e)o(e & not&(/ +u.lic
o( ot%e( oJce( &ut%o(iLe- to t&Ge
&cGno2le-*'ent$ o) con1e/&nce$ o)
(e&l +(o+e(t/! Suc% ce(ti0c&te 'u$t .e
0le- &n- (eco(-e- in t%e (e*i$t(/ o)
-ee-$ o) t%e +l&ce in 2%ic% t%e
+(o+e(t/ i$ $itu&te-, &n- t%e (e*i$t(&(
o) -ee-$ 'u$t note t%e (eco(- t%e(eo)
on t%e '&(*in o) t%e (eco(- o) t%e
ce(ti0c&te o) $&le! T%e +&/'ent$
'entione- in t%i$ &n- t%e l&$t
+(ece-in* $ection$ '&/ .e '&-e to
t%e +u(c%&$e( o( (e-e'+tione(, o( )o(
%i' to t%e oJce( 2%o '&-e t%e $&le!
;3&<
+, Su33ose Ti%la edeems the 3o3et! fom Joshua. 0f
the sheif *ill execute in fa#o of Ti%la a ceti)cate of
edem3tion, to *hom should Ti%la 3a!;
A, The la* sa!s she can 3a! diectl! to the 3uchase,
the edem3tione o the 3eson *ho made the sale.
Sec! 35! 6roof reAuired of
redemptioner. A (e-e'+tione( 'u$t
+(o-uce to t%e oJce(, o( +e($on )(o'
2%o' %e $eeG$ to (e-ee', &n- $e(1e
2it% %i$ notice to t%e oJce( & co+/ o)
t%e ,u-*'ent o( 0n&l o(-e( un-e(
2%ic% %e cl&i'$ t%e (i*%t to (e-ee',
ce(ti0e- ./ t%e cle(G o) t%e cou(t
2%e(ein t%e ,u-*'ent o( 0n&l o(-e( i$
ente(e-E o(, i) %e (e-ee'$ u+on &
'o(t*&*e o( ot%e( lien, &
'e'o(&n-u' o) t%e (eco(- t%e(eo),
ce(ti0e- ./ t%e (e*i$t(&( o) -ee-$E o(
&n o(i*in&l o( ce(ti0e- co+/ o) &n/
&$$i*n'ent nece$$&(/ to e$t&.li$% %i$
cl&i'E &n- &n &J-&1it e#ecute- ./
%i' o( %i$ &*ent, $%o2in* t%e &'ount
t%en &ctu&ll/ -ue on t%e lien! ;34&<
:hen the 1R0A02A( 1:2ER *ants to edeem the
3o3et! fom ?, thee is 21 2EE- fo him to 3o#e his ight
as a judgment debto. The judgment debto has the
automatic ight to edeem.
?ut *hen it is ?, " o - 4RE-EI$T012ERS7 *ho *ants to
edeem, the! I/ST $R1NE to the sheif that the! ae
Guali)ed to edeem. The! must 3o#e thei status because
not e#e! 3eson in the *old has the ight to edeem. The
ight to edeem is onl! gi#en to the debto, the successo<in<
inteest o the edem3tione. Thus, !ou must 3o#e !ou
3esonalit! to efect edem3tion.
Sec! 3! 7anner of using premises
pending redemptionK waste restrained!
Until t%e e#+i(&tion o) t%e ti'e
598
Satisfaction
&llo2e- )o( (e-e'+tion, t%e cou(t
'&/, &$ in ot%e( +(o+e( c&$e$, (e$t(&in
t%e co''i$$ion o) 2&$te on t%e
+(o+e(t/ ./ in,unction, on t%e
&++lic&tion o) t%e +u(c%&$e( o( t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*ee, 2it% o( 2it%out
noticeE .ut it i$ not 2&$te )o( & +e($on
in +o$$e$$ion o) t%e +(o+e(t/ &t t%e
ti'e o) t%e $&le, o( entitle- to
+o$$e$$ion &)te(2&(-$, -u(in* t%e
+e(io- &llo2e- )o( (e-e'+tion, to
continue to u$e it in t%e $&'e '&nne(
in 2%ic% it 2&$ +(e1iou$l/ u$e-E o( to
u$e it in t%e o(-in&(/ cou($e o)
%u$.&n-(/E o( to '&Ge t%e nece$$&(/
(e+&i($ to .uil-in*$ t%e(eon 2%ile %e
occu+ie$ t%e +(o+e(t/! ;33&<
$R1?(EI, Su33ose . is the debto, A is the 3uchase
because the highest bidde could be an! 3eson. -uing the
6<!ea 3eiod to edeem, *ho is in 3ossesso of the 3o3et!;
The 3uchase o the debto;
A, The -E?T1R. -uing the one<!ea 3eiod, i!o 3a in
!an. The bu!e o the 3uchase cannot ta%e o#e duing the
institution. >e has to *ait fo the one<!ea 3eiod to ex3ie
befoe he can ta%e o#e. Theefoe, . continues to occu3! the
3o3et!. >e continues to use it the same manne it *as
3e#iousl! used. /se it in the odina! couse of husband!,
to ma%e the necessa! e3ais to buildings theeon *hile he
occu3ies the 3o3et!.
+, Su33ose ' months has 3assed. Sabi ni ., 7u@hang
wa"a na a@ong pagFasa. Hindi @o na ito ma?a?ayaran. 0ige,
wasa@in @o na "ang ang property. 0irain @o na "ang. 4 wi""
ma@e a waste of the "and. 4 wi"" cut a"" the coconut trees. 4
wi"" destroy a"" the impro#ements. 6ara pagFta@eFo#er mo,
wa"a na. 1wahahahaO :hat is the emed! of A;
A, >e can as% the cout to issue a *it of injunction
accoding to Section 36 an injunction to estain the
commission of *aste on the 3o3et!. So, !ou can also sto3
him b! injunction.
Sec! 34! Rents, earnings and income
of property pending redemption. T%e
+u(c%&$e( o( & (e-e'+tione( $%&ll not
.e entitle- to (ecei1e t%e (ent$,
e&(nin*$ &n- inco'e o) t%e +(o+e(t/
$olon e#ecution, o( t%e 1&lue o) t%e
u$e &n- occu+&tion t%e(eo) 2%en $uc%
+(o+e(t/ i$ in t%e +o$$e$$ion o) &
ten&nt! All (ent$, e&(nin*$ &n- inco'e
-e(i1e- )(o' t%e +(o+e(t/ +en-in*
(e-e'+tion $%&ll .elon* to t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*o( until t%e e#+i(&tion
o) %i$ +e(io- o) (e-e'+tion! ;3?&<
Section 35 is the continuation of Section 36.
+, I! 3o3et! *as sold on execution in !ou fa#o. ?ut
m! 3o3et! eans income. Ia! mga tenants di!an na
nagbaba!ad ng enta. -uing the one<!ea 3eiod, *ho *ill
get the entals; The 3uchase o the debto;
A, The -E?T1R. >e continues to ecei#e all the
eanings. Ho defensi#e 3u3oses, he is still the o*ne. -o not
sa! that, /@o ang highest ?idder, a@in ang incomeO
4Aunggong=7 Jou *ait fo the one<!ea edem3tion 3eiod to
ex3ie to get the income.
/nde the 1(- ules, the 69D& Rules, duing the one<
!ea 3eiod to edeem, the debtoKdefendant continues to get
the income of the 3o3et! but *hen the cedito ma! o3t,
Eour Honor, a@in ang income haG ThatOs allo*ed b! the old
la*. ?ut e#e!thing is deductible also fom the edem3tion
3ice. 2AAJ12 *ala na !an. 6CCT the debto is the one
enjo!ing the income o#e the 3o3et!. That is a majo
amendment intoduced b! the 6999 Rules.
+, 2o*, *hat ha33ens if afte the la3se of one !ea
thee is no edem3tion; :hat is the next ste3;
A, That is Section 33,
Sec! 33! =eed and possession to ?e
gi#en at epiration of redemption periodK
?y whom eecuted or gi#en. I) no
(e-e'+tion .e '&-e 2it%in one ;<
/e&( )(o' t%e -&te o) t%e (e*i$t(&tion
o) t%e ce(ti0c&te o) $&le, t%e
+u(c%&$e( i$ entitle- to & con1e/&nce
&n- +o$$e$$ion o) t%e +(o+e(t/E o(, i)
$o (e-ee'e- 2%ene1e( $i#t/ ;65< -&/$
%&1e el&+$e- &n- no ot%e( (e-e'+tion
%&$ .een '&-e, &n- notice t%e(eo)
*i1en, &n- t%e ti'e )o( (e-e'+tion
%&$ e#+i(e-, t%e l&$t (e-e'+tione( i$
entitle- to t%e con1e/&nce &n-
+o$$e$$ionE .ut in &ll c&$e$ t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*o( $%&ll %&1e t%e enti(e
+e(io- o) one ;< /e&( )(o' t%e -&te o)
t%e (e*i$t(&tion o) t%e $&le to (e-ee'
t%e +(o+e(t/! T%e -ee- $%&ll .e
e#ecute- ./ t%e oJce( '&Gin* t%e
$&le o( ./ %i$ $ucce$$o( in oJce, &n-
in t%e l&tte( c&$e $%&ll %&1e t%e $&'e
1&li-it/ &$ t%ou*% t%e oJce( '&Gin*
t%e $&le %&- continue- in oJce &n-
e#ecute- it!
U+on t%e e#+i(&tion o) t%e (i*%t o)
(e-e'+tion, t%e +u(c%&$e( o(
(e-e'+tione( $%&ll .e $u.$titute- to
&n- &c3ui(e &ll t%e (i*%t$, title,
inte(e$t &n- cl&i' o) t%e ,u-*'ent
o.li*o( to t%e +(o+e(t/ &$ o) t%e ti'e
o) t%e le1/! T%e +o$$e$$ion o) t%e
+(o+e(t/ $%&ll .e *i1en to t%e
+u(c%&$e( o( l&$t (e-e'+tione( ./ t%e
$&'e oJce( unle$$ & t%i(- +&(t/ i$
&ctu&ll/ %ol-in* t%e +(o+e(t/
59D
Satisfaction
&-1e($el/ to t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o(!
;3@&<
0f the 3eiod to edeem ex3ies, no moe ight of
edem3tion. :hat *ill ha33en; The sheif no* *ill no*
execute in fa#o of the highest bidde o 3uchase *hat is
%no*n as the )nal deed of sale o -EE- 1H "12NEJA2"E.
Remembe that thee ae t*o documents hee *hich the
sheif executes in case of eal 3o3et!.
+, :hat ae the! 4t*o documents *hich the sheif
executes in case of eal 3o3et!7;
A, The follo*ing,
6.7 "ERT0H0"ATE 1H SA(E. Afte the auction sale, he
*ill execute in !ou fa#o the ceti)cate of sale
unde Section 58, b! the time !ou egiste that,
!ou stat counting the one !ea.
5.7 -EE- 1H "12NEJA2"E. 0f afte one !ea thee
is no edem3tion, a deed of con#e!ance is
executed. 4Section 337
+, :hich of the t*o documents tansfes the o*neshi3
to the 3uchase;
A, 1nl! the -EE- 1H "12NEJA2"E tansfes title to the
3o3et!.
The ceti)cate of sale one !ea ago does not tansfe the
o*neshi3 of the land to the 3uchase. 0t is onl! a memoial
that !ou ae the highest bidde, that !ou 3aid so much and
that !ou ae the 3uchase but thee is no tansfe of
o*neshi3. 1nl! the )nal deed of sale in Section 33 con#e!s
title to 3o3et!. So do not confuse the sheifOs ceti)cate of
sale unde Section 58 *ith the )nal deed of sale unde
Section 33. Although in an exta<judicial foeclosue, thee is
no need of deed of sale. 1nl! aPda#it of consolidation is
needed unde the motgage la*.
+, >o* can the sheif gi#e it to !ou; Su33ose the debto
efuse to #acate, is thee a need to )le anothe action of
unla*ful detaine o focible ent!;
A, Thee is no moe need of )ling anothe action to eject
the fome o*ne. The 3ocedue is, the 3uchase can as%
the cout to issue a :R0T 1H $1SSESS012 unde the $o3et!
Registation -ecee to ta%e o#e the 3o3et!.
2o*, anothe inteesting case about this stage in elation
to 3o3et! exem3ted fom execution, is the case of
GOMEA #s. GEALONE
453 SCRA ?=? B99C
FACTS, The 3o3et! of the defendant *as
le#ied and sold in a 3ublic auction to the
highest bidde. 1ne !ea afte, thee *as no
edem3tion. Then afte the 3eiod has ex3ied,
hee comes the defendant Guestioning the
auction sale because the 3o3et! *as exem3t
fom execution and the 3o3et! eall! tuned
out to be exem3t fom execution.
ISSUE, 0s thee a deadline fo a judgment
debto to claim exem3tion fom execution of his
3o3et!; "an the debto still aise the issue
that the 3o3et! is exem3t fom execution afte
the ex3iation of the edem3tion 3eiod;
7ELD, The ules do not ex3essl! mention
u3 to *hat 3oint Lalthough the ules of cout
does not 3escibe the 3eiod *ithin *hich to
claim the exem3tion, the ule is, ne#etheless,
*ell<settled that the ight of exem3tion must be
claimed b! the debto himself at the time of the
le#! o *ithin a easonable time theeafte.M
:hat is Leasonable timeM;
LORE/0O-/1;E .47E,O fo 3u3oses of the
la* on exem3tion, does not mean a time afte
the ex3iation of the one<!ea 3eiod fo
judgment debtos to edeem the 3o3et! sold
on execution, othe*ise it *ould ende
nugato! )nal bills of sale on execution and
defeat the #e! 3u3ose of execution < to 3ut an
end to litigation.M
L:e no* ule that claims fo exem3tion
fom execution of 3o3eties unde Section 63
must be 3esented befoe its sale on execution
b! the sheif.M
Ieaning, !ou aise the issue of exem3tion at the time of
the le#! but not late that the auction sale. Thee is a
deadline because if !ou claim exem3tion afte that,
mas!adong ng atasadoZtoo late na ba. Thus, the claim fo
exem3tion must be aised. ThatOs the uling in the case of
3O7EC #s. 3E/;O-E.
Sec! 3?! Reco#ery of price if sa"e not
eIecti#eK re#i#a" of judgment. I) t%e
+u(c%&$e( o) (e&l +(o+e(t/ $olon
e#ecution, o( %i$ $ucce$$o( in inte(e$t,
)&il$ to (eco1e( t%e +o$$e$$ion
t%e(eo), o( i$ e1icte- t%e(e)(o', in
con$e3uence o) i((e*ul&(itie$ in t%e
+(ocee-in*$ conce(nin* t%e $&le, o(
.ec&u$e t%e ,u-*'ent %&$ .een
(e1e($e- o( $et &$i-e, o( .ec&u$e t%e
+(o+e(t/ $ol- 2&$ e#e'+t )(o'
e#ecution, o( .ec&u$e & t%i(- +e($on
%&$ 1in-ic&te- %i$ cl&i' to t%e
+(o+e(t/, %e '&/ on 'otion in t%e
$&'e &ction o( in & $e+&(&te &ction
(eco1e( )(o' t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*ee t%e
+(ice +&i-, 2it% inte(e$t, o( $o 'uc%
t%e(eo) &$ %&$ not .een -eli1e(e- to
t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o(E o( %e '&/, on
'otion, %&1e t%e o(i*in&l ,u-*'ent
(e1i1e- in %i$ n&'e )o( t%e 2%ole
+(ice 2it% inte(e$t, o( $o 'uc% t%e(eo)
&$ %&$ .een -eli1e(e- to t%e ,u-*'ent
o.li*o(! T%e ,u-*'ent $o (e1i1e- $%&ll
599
Satisfaction
%&1e t%e $&'e )o(ce &n- eKect &$ &n
o(i*in&l ,u-*'ent 2oul- %&1e &$ o)
t%e -&te o) t%e (e1i1&l &n- no 'o(e!
;36&<
+, Su33ose A is the highest bidde. Thee is a thid<3at!
claim *hich tuned out to be #alid. So the 3o3et! is
emo#ed fom A. So, 3aano naman si A; 2a%aba!ad gud si!a
di!an. $aano ni!a baba*iin ang %u*ata ni!a;
A, AOs o3tions unde Section 3&,
6.7 Reco#e the mone! fom obligee 4A hee is not
the judgment obligee7E o
5.7 >a#e the judgment e#i#ed in !ou name and
!ou loo% fo othe 3o3eties of the obligo to
execute because,
a.7 >e lost 3ossession of the 3o3et!E
b.7 >e *as e#ictedE
c.7 Thee *as iegulait! of the
3oceedingsE
d.7 The judgment has been e#esed o set
aside on a33ealE
e.7 The 3o3et! sold *as exem3t fom
executionE o,
f.7 A thid 3eson has #alidit! of his claim
of the 3o3et!.
ThatOs one *a! of 3o3et! being emo#ed fom the
3uchase. Jou emed! is to eco#e the mone! fom the
obligee ASS/I02A that the obligee is difeent fom the
3uchase. 1 ha#e the judgment e#i#ed in !ou name
hahabol %a na lang sa ibang 3o3eties ng debto. ThatOs the
3ocedue alight.
Sec! 3@! Right to contri?ution or
reim?ursement. H%en +(o+e(t/ li&.le to
&n e#ecution &*&in$t $e1e(&l +e($on$
i$ $ol- t%e(eon, &n- 'o(e t%&n & -ue
+(o+o(tion o) t%e ,u-*'ent i$ $&ti$0e-
out o) t%e +(ocee-$ o) t%e $&le o) t%e
+(o+e(t/ o) one o) t%e', o( one o)
t%e' +&/$, 2it%out & $&le, 'o(e t%&n
%i$ +(o+o(tion, %e '&/ co'+el &
cont(i.ution )(o' t%e ot%e($E &n-
2%en & ,u-*'ent i$ u+on &n o.li*&tion
o) one o) t%e', &$ $ecu(it/ )o(
&not%e(, &n- t%e $u(et/ +&/$ t%e
&'ount, o( &n/ +&(t t%e(eo), eit%e( ./
$&le o) %i$ +(o+e(t/ o( .e)o(e $&le, %e
'&/ co'+el (e+&/'ent )(o' t%e
+(inci+&l! ;3=&<
+, The judgment is against A, ?, and ", solida! debtos.
A 3aid e#e!thing. :hat is the ight of A;
A, A has the ight to see% eimbusement fom ? and ".
1 if the suet! *as made to 3a! the loan, he can claim
eimbusement fom the 3inci3al debto. ThatOs unde the
(a* on 1bligations and "ontactsZight to eimbusement.
REMEDIES IN AID OF EXECUTION
Anothe im3otant 3otion of the ule to emembe ae
the so<called 3o#isions of the ules in aid of execution
emedies Lin aid of executionM because execution is a
diPcult 3ocess. The 3u3ose of the emedies in aid of
execution is to hel3 the obligee ealiBe the fuits of the
judgment.
0t is sometimes #e! had to gas3 out 3o3eties of the
obligo es3eciall! if he %no*s ho* to hide them b! con#e!ing
emedies to assist him in locating the 3o3eties of the
defendant and these emedies in aid of execution ae found
in Section 3D to Section &3. And the most famous ae those
found in Sections 3D and 39,
Sec! 36! Eamination of judgment
o?"igor when judgment unsatis!ed. H%en
t%e (etu(n o) & 2(it o) e#ecution
i$$ue- &*&in$t +(o+e(t/ o) & ,u-*'ent
o.li*o(, o( &n/ one o) $e1e(&l o.li*o($
in t%e $&'e ,u-*'ent, $%o2$ t%&t t%e
,u-*'ent (e'&in$ un$&ti$0e-, in
2%ole o( in +&(t, t%e ,u-*'ent
o.li*ee, &t &n/ ti'e &)te( $uc% (etu(n
i$ '&-e, $%&ll .e entitle- to &n o(-e(
)(o' t%e cou(t 2%ic% (en-e(e- t%e
$&i- ,u-*'ent, (e3ui(in* $uc%
,u-*'ent o.li*o( to &++e&( &n- .e
e#&'ine- conce(nin* %i$ +(o+e(t/ &n-
inco'e .e)o(e $uc% cou(t o( .e)o(e &
co''i$$ione( &++ointe- ./ it, &t &
$+eci0e- ti'e &n- +l&ceE &n-
+(ocee-in*$ '&/ t%e(eu+on .e %&- )o(
t%e &++lic&tion o) t%e +(o+e(t/ &n-
inco'e o) t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o(
to2&(-$ t%e $&ti$)&ction o) t%e
,u-*'ent! 9ut no ,u-*'ent o.li*o(
$%&ll .e $o (e3ui(e- to &++e&( .e)o(e &
cou(t o( co''i$$ione( out$i-e t%e
+(o1ince o( cit/ in 2%ic% $uc% o.li*o(
(e$i-e$ o( i$ )oun-! ;3>&<
Sec! 3=! Eamination of o?"igor of
judgment o?"igor. H%en t%e (etu(n o) &
2(it o) e#ecution &*&in$t t%e +(o+e(t/
o) & ,u-*'ent o.li*o( $%o2$ t%&t t%e
,u-*'ent (e'&in$ un$&ti$0e-, in
2%ole o( in +&(t, &n- u+on +(oo) to t%e
$&ti$)&ction o) t%e cou(t 2%ic% i$$ue-
t%e 2(it, t%&t & +e($on, co(+o(&tion, o(
ot%e( ,u(i-ic&l entit/ %&$ +(o+e(t/ o)
$uc% ,u-*'ent o.li*o( o( i$ in-e.te-
to %i', t%e cou(t '&/, ./ &n o(-e(,
(e3ui(e $uc% +e($on, co(+o(&tion, o(
ot%e( ,u(i-ic&l entit/, o( &n/ oJce( o(
'e'.e( t%e(eo), to &++e&( .e)o(e t%e
cou(t o( & co''i$$ione( &++ointe- ./
it, &t & ti'e &n- +l&ce 2it%in t%e
+(o1ince o( cit/ 2%e(e $uc% -e.to(
59'
Satisfaction
(e$i-e$ o( i$ )oun-, &n- .e e#&'ine-
conce(nin* t%e $&'e! T%e $e(1ice o)
t%e o(-e( $%&ll .in- &ll c(e-it$ -ue t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*o( &n- &ll 'one/ &n-
+(o+e(t/ o) t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o( in
t%e +o$$e$$ion o( in t%e cont(ol o)
$uc% +e($on, co(+o(&tion, o( ,u(i-ic&l
entit/ )(o' t%e ti'e o) $e(1iceE &n-
t%e cou(t '&/ &l$o (e3ui(e notice o)
$uc% +(ocee-in*$ to .e *i1en to &n/
+&(t/ to t%e &ction in $uc% '&nne( &$
it '&/ -ee' +(o+e(! ;39&<
So unde Section 3D, !ou can as% the cout to ende
judgment to allo* !ou to sub3oena the obligo and ta%e the
*itness stand subject to Guestioning so that !ou can disco#e
*hee his 3o3eties ae. So in efect, Section 3D is elated to
modes of disco#e!. This is actuall! a mode of disco#e!. This
is a t!3e of de3osition ta%ing. 0t is elated to the subject of
de3osition ta%ing *hee the disco#e! of the *itness stand to
efect execution.
E.AI$(E, The sheif did not )nd an! 3o3et! of the
obligo. So the obligee can )le a motion unde Section 3D fo
examination of the obligo unde oath ho3ing that in the
couse of as%ing Guestions, he might ma%e some admissions.
And the 3ocedue is the same as in de3osition but this is
onl! done ight inside the coutoom.
1n the othe hand unde Section 39, !ou can also
examine 3eo3le *hom !ou belie#e o*e the obligo such as
his debtos, o those holding his 3o3et!, so that !ou can
disco#e all his collectibles and as% that the same be
ganished. So this time, it is the LobligoM of the judgment
obligo *ho *ill be examined.
E.AI$(E, Qenneth, Thadd, and Hancis o*e the
judgment obligo a sum of mone!. The obligee can )le a
motion unde Section 39 to sub3oena Qenneth, Thadd and
Hancis to )nd out if it is tue that the! ae indebted to the
judgment obligo. 0n this case, the obligee can as the cout to
ganish the mone!.
So, those ae the objects of Sections 3D and 39. 1f
couse thee ae othes, just go o#e them.
Sec! 3>! Enforcement of attendance
and conduct of eamination. A +&(t/ o(
ot%e( +e($on '&/ .e co'+elle-, ./ &n
o(-e( o( $u.+oen&, to &tten- .e)o(e
t%e cou(t o( co''i$$ione( to te$ti)/ &$
+(o1i-e- in t%e t2o +(ece-in*
$ection$, &n- u+on )&ilu(e to o.e/
$uc% o(-e( o( $u.+oen& o( to .e
$2o(n, o( to &n$2e( &$ & 2itne$$ o( to
$u.$c(i.e %i$ -e+o$ition, '&/ .e
+uni$%e- )o( conte'+t &$ in ot%e(
c&$e$! E#&'in&tion$ $%&ll not .e
un-ul/ +(olon*e-, .ut t%e +(ocee-in*$
'&/ .e &-,ou(ne- )(o' ti'e to ti'e,
until t%e/ &(e co'+lete-! I) t%e
e#&'in&tion i$ .e)o(e & co''i$$ione(,
%e 'u$t t&Ge it in 2(itin* &n- ce(ti)/ it
to t%e cou(t! All e#&'in&tion$ &n-
&n$2e($ .e)o(e & cou(t o(
co''i$$ione( 'u$t .e un-e( o&t%,
&n- 2%en & co(+o(&tion o( ot%e(
,u(i-ic&l entit/ &n$2e($, it 'u$t .e on
t%e o&t% o) &n &ut%o(iLe- oJce( o(
&*ent t%e(eo)! ;?5&<
Section 3' is the continuation of Section 39. 0f the
judgment obligo, o Qenneth, Thad and Hancis efuse to
com3l! *ith the sub3oena, the! can be 3unished fo
contem3t.
Sec! 39! O?"igor may pay eecution
against o?"igee. A)te( & 2(it o)
e#ecution &*&in$t +(o+e(t/ %&$ .een
i$$ue-, & +e($on in-e.te- to t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*o( '&/ +&/ to t%e
$%e(iK %ol-in* t%e 2(it o) e#ecution
t%e &'ount o) %i$ -e.t o( $o 'uc%
t%e(eo) &$ '&/ .e nece$$&(/ to $&ti$)/
t%e ,u-*'ent, in t%e '&nne(
+(e$c(i.e- in $ection 9 o) t%i$ Rule,
&n- t%e $%e(iKM$ (ecei+t $%&ll .e &
$uJcient -i$c%&(*e )o( t%e &'ount $o
+&i- o( -i(ecte- to .e c(e-ite- ./ t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*ee on t%e e#ecution!
;?&<
>ee, thee is a change of the 3at! cedito. The best
exam3le is ganishment fom a ban%. ? is the debto of the
judgment obligo. 0f ?, instead of 3a!ing the judgment
obligo, *ill 3a! the judgment cedito, ? is no longe
indebted to the judgment obligo.
Sec! ?5! Order for app"ication of
property and income to satisfaction of
judgment. T%e cou(t '&/ o(-e( &n/
+(o+e(t/ o) t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o(, o(
'one/ -ue %i', not e#e'+t )(o'
e#ecution, in t%e %&n-$ o) eit%e(
%i'$el) o( &not%e( +e($on, o( o) &
co(+o(&tion o( ot%e( ,u(i-ic&l entit/, to
.e &++lie- to t%e $&ti$)&ction o) t%e
,u-*'ent, $u.,ect to &n/ +(io( (i*%t$
o1e( $uc% +(o+e(t/!
I), u+on in1e$ti*&tion o) %i$
cu((ent inco'e &n- e#+en$e$, it
&++e&($ t%&t t%e e&(nin*$ o) t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*o( )o( %i$ +e($on&l
$e(1ice$ &(e 'o(e t%&n nece$$&(/ )o(
t%e $u++o(t o) %i$ )&'il/, t%e cou(t
'&/ o(-e( t%&t %e +&/ t%e ,u-*'ent in
0#e- 'ont%l/ in$t&ll'ent$, &n- u+on
%i$ )&ilu(e to +&/ &n/ $uc% in$t&ll'ent
2%en -ue 2it%out *oo- e#cu$e, '&/
599
Satisfaction
+uni$% %i' )o( in-i(ect conte'+t!
;?4&<
0f u3on in#estigation of his cuent income and ex3enses,
it a33eas that the eanings of the judgment obligo fo his
3esonal se#ices ae moe than necessa! fo the su33ot of
his famil!, the cout ma! ode that he 3a! the judgment
obligee in )xed monthl! installments, and u3on his failue to
3a! an! such installment *hen due *ithout good excuse,
ma! 3unish him fo indiect contem3t.
+, "an the sala! of an em3lo!ee be ganished;
A, Jes 0H thee is excess fo su33ot of his famil!. 4Section
&C7 Section &C elated to Section 63, 3aaga3h UiV 3o3eties
exem3t fom execution,
;i< So 'uc% o) t%e $&l&(ie$,
2&*e$, o( e&(nin*$ o) t%e ,u-*'ent
o.li*o( )o( %i$ +e($on&l $e(1ice$ 2it%in
t%e )ou( 'ont%$ +(ece-in* t%e le1/ &$
&(e nece$$&(/ )o( t%e $u++o(t o) %i$
)&'il/E
2omall!, !ou cannot le#! on the eanings of a 3eson
*hich he needs fo su33ot of his famil!. ?ut actuall!, it is
not the entie eanings because if !ouOe eaning a lot, it is
moe than suPcient fo !ou famil!. So the excess of !ou
income can be ganished unde Section &C.
Sec! ?! /ppointment of recei#er. T%e
cou(t '&/ &++oint & (ecei1e( o) t%e
+(o+e(t/ o) t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o(E &n-
it '&/ &l$o )o(.i- & t(&n$)e( o( ot%e(
-i$+o$ition o), o( &n/ inte()e(ence
2it%, t%e +(o+e(t/ o) t%e ,u-*'ent
o.li*o( not e#e'+t )(o' e#ecution!
;?3&<
The cout ma! a33oint a ecei#e *ho is an oPce of the
cout *ho *ill manage the 3o3et! of the litigants 3ending
litigation. This emed! is found unde Rule 89 on
Recei#eshi3. The 3u3ose of ecei#eshi3 is to 3ese#e the
3o3et! b! 3lacing it in the hands of the cout to emo#e it
fom the contol of a 3at! because a 3at! ma! dis3ose of
the 3o3et!.
Sec! ?4! 0a"e of ascertaina?"e interest
of judgment o?"igor in rea" estate. I) it
&++e&($ t%&t t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o( %&$
&n inte(e$t in (e&l e$t&te in t%e +l&ce
in 2%ic% +(ocee-in*$ &(e %&-, &$
'o(t*&*o( o( 'o(t*&*ee o( ot%e(2i$e,
&n- %i$ inte(e$t t%e(ein c&n .e
&$ce(t&ine- 2it%out cont(o1e($/, t%e
(ecei1e( '&/ .e o(-e(e- to $ell &n-
con1e/ $uc% (e&l e$t&te o( t%e inte(e$t
o) t%e o.li*o( t%e(einE &n- $uc% $&le
$%&ll .e con-ucte- in &ll (e$+ect$ in
t%e $&'e '&nne( &$ i$ +(o1i-e- )o(
t%e $&le o) (e&l e$t&te u+on e#ecution,
&n- t%e +(ocee-in*$ t%e(eon $%&ll .e
&++(o1e- ./ t%e cou(t .e)o(e t%e
e#ecution o) t%e -ee-! ;??&<
E.AI$(E, The obligo tuns out to ha#e an inteest in
eal 3o3et! as a motgagee, o he has a ight to edeem, o
ight to foeclose, o ight to e3uchase. The obligee can le#!
on these ights because these ights ae 3o3et! ights b!
themsel#es. This time, it is not the 3o3et! *hich is sold but
!ou inteest.
Sec! ?3! 6roceedings when
inde?tedness denied or another person
c"aims the property. I) it &++e&($ t%&t &
+e($on o( co(+o(&tion, &lle*e- to %&1e
+(o+e(t/ o) t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o( o( to
.e in-e.te- to %i', cl&i'$ &n inte(e$t
in t%e +(o+e(t/ &-1e($e to %i' o(
-enie$ t%e -e.t, t%e cou(t '&/
&ut%o(iLe, ./ &n o(-e( '&-e to t%&t
eKect, t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*ee to
in$titute &n &ction &*&in$t $uc%
+e($on o( co(+o(&tion )o( t%e (eco1e(/
o) $uc% inte(e$t o( -e.t, )o(.i- &
t(&n$)e( o( ot%e( -i$+o$ition o) $uc%
inte(e$t o( -e.t 2it%in one %un-(e-
t2ent/ ;45< -&/$ )(o' notice o) t%e
o(-e(, &n- '&/ +uni$% -i$o.e-ience o)
$uc% o(-e( &$ )o( conte'+t! Suc%
o(-e( '&/ .e 'o-i0e- o( 1&c&te- &t
&n/ ti'e ./ t%e cou(t 2%ic% i$$ue- it,
o( ./ t%e cou(t in 2%ic% t%e &ction i$
.(ou*%t, u+on $uc% te('$ &$ '&/ .e
,u$t! ;?@&<
E.AI$(E, The obligee cannot )nd an! 3o3et! of the
obligo. ?ut thee is a umo that $ong o*es the obligo a
sum of mone!. /3on examination, $ong denies indebtedness.
?ut the obligee belie#es that he has e#idence that $ong o*es
the obligo mone!. 0n this case, the obligee can as% the cout
that he be allo*ed to )le a collection case against $ong on
behalf of the obligo.
+, "an the obligee consideed as a eal 3at! in inteest
in this case;
A, JES. The obligee is no* consideed as a
e3esentati#e 3at!. Section &3 is an exam3le of the 3hase,
Lor a party authoriSed ?y "aw or these Ru"es unde Rule 3,
Section 3,
Sec! 3! Representati#es as parties. # #
# # # A (e+(e$ent&ti1e '&/ .e &
t(u$tee o) &n e#+(e$$ t(u$t, &
*u&(-i&n, &n e#ecuto( o(
&-'ini$t(&to(, o( & +&(t/ &ut%o(iLe- ./
l&2 o( t%e$e Rule$! # # # # # #
5'C
Satisfaction
SATISFACTION OF JUDGMENT
Sec! ??! Entry of satisfaction of
judgment ?y c"er@ of court. S&ti$)&ction
o) & ,u-*'ent $%&ll .e ente(e- ./ t%e
cle(G o) cou(t in t%e cou(t -ocGet, &n-
in t%e e#ecution .ooG, u+on t%e (etu(n
o) & 2(it o) e#ecution $%o2in* t%e )ull
$&ti$)&ction o) t%e ,u-*'ent, o( u+on
t%e 0lin* o) &n &-'i$$ion to t%e
$&ti$)&ction o) t%e ,u-*'ent e#ecute-
&n- &cGno2le-*e- in t%e $&'e
'&nne( &$ & con1e/&nce o) (e&l
+(o+e(t/ ./ t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*ee o(
./ %i$ coun$el unle$$ & (e1oc&tion o)
%i$ &ut%o(it/ i$ 0le-, o( u+on t%e
en-o($e'ent o) $uc% &-'i$$ion ./ t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*ee o( %i$ coun$el on t%e
)&ce o) t%e (eco(- o) t%e ,u-*'ent!
;?6&<
Sec! ?@! Entry of satisfaction with or
without admission. H%ene1e( &
,u-*'ent i$ $&ti$0e- in )&ct, o(
ot%e(2i$e t%&n u+on &n e#ecution, on
-e'&n- o) t%e ,u-*'ent o.li*o(, t%e
,u-*'ent o.li*ee o( %i$ coun$el 'u$t
e#ecute &n- &cGno2le-*e, o( in-o($e,
&n &-'i$$ion o) t%e $&ti$)&ction &$
+(o1i-e- in t%e l&$t +(ece-in* $ection,
&n- &)te( notice &n- u+on 'otion t%e
cou(t '&/ o(-e( eit%e( t%e ,u-*'ent
o.li*ee o( %i$ coun$el to -o $o, o( '&/
o(-e( t%e ent(/ o) $&ti$)&ction to .e
'&-e 2it%out $uc% &-'i$$ion! ;?=&<
+, :hat does satisfaction of judgement mean;
A, SAT0SHA"T012 1H J/-AIE2T is the com3liance *ith o
ful)llment of the mandate theeof 436 Am. Ju. 38&7.
Execution is not the same as satisfaction. Execution is
the method of enfocement of a judgment. Satisfaction efes
to com3liance *ith o ful)llment of the mandate of judgment.
2omall!, execution 3ecedes satisfaction. ?ut !ou can
satisf! a judgment *ithout execution b! sim3l! 3a!ing
#oluntail!. And *hen the judgment is satis)ed, it has to be
ecoded the manne of *hich is found in Sections && and &8
eithe the sheif himself *ill ecod fu""y satis!ed, o, the
cedito *ill )le an admission that the judgment is full!
satis)ed, o, the debto on motion *ill as% that it be ecoded
that he has alead! 3aid.
+, :ho ma! com3el satisfaction of judgment;
A, Satisfaction of judgment ma! be com3elled b! the
judgment<cedito b! means of execution, o b! the
judgment<debto b! means of #olunta! 3a!ment. 4Sal#ante
#s. /bi "uB, '' $hil. 53D7
2o*, hee is an inteesting Guestion *hich has not !et
been as%ed in the ?a. The! *ee ex3ecting it as eal! as 5
!eas ago.
+, "an a 3laintif a33eal fom the judgment and at the
same time mo#e fo execution of the same; "an !ou do both
*ithout being self<contadicto!; "an !ou demand
satisfaction of judgment and at the same time a33eal
said judgment;
A, $R01R "ASES sa!, !ou cannot do it because it is
inconsistent. :hen !ou com3l! *ith the satisfaction of
judgment, !ou ae alead! acce3ting the coectness of
judgment. ?ut *hen !ou ae a33ealing it, !ou do not acce3t
the same. That *as the old uling *hich *as I1-0H0E- in the
case of
8ITALFGOSON #s! COURT OF APPEALS
44 SCRA 43@ B994C ;en banc<
ISSUE, :hethe o not a judgment cedito
is esto33ed fom a33ealing o see%ing
modi)cation of a judgment *hich has been
executed at his instance.
7ELD, 0t de3ends u3on the natue of the
judgment as being indi#isible o not. This is the
doctine laid do*n b! this "out in a case
decided as eal! as 6958, Berches #. Rios,
*hee the judgment is 02-0N0S0?(E, acce3tance
of full satisfaction of the judgment annihilates
the ight to futhe 3osecute the a33ealE and
that e#en 3atial execution b! com3ulso! legal
3ocess at the instance of the 3e#ailing 3at!,
3laces said 3at! in esto33el to as% that the
judgment be amended.M 0ndi#isible means
eithe !ou acce3t it as coect o !ou a33eal.
?ut !ou can not ha#e !ou ca%e and eat it too.
L:hee the judgment is -0N0S0?(E, esto33el
should not o3eate against the judgment
cedito *ho causes im3lementation of a 3at of
the decision b! *it of execution. This is the
clea im3ot of Berches and the 3ecedents
theein in#o%ed. The 3inci3le is full! consistent
not onl! *ith the o3inion that acce3tance of
3a!ment of onl! the unconto#eted 3at of the
claim should not 3eclude the 3laintif fom
3osecuting his a33eal, to detemine *hethe
he should not ha#e been allo*ed moe, but also
*ith logic and common sense.M 0n othe *ods,
if a judgment is di#isible, thee is no 3ohibition.
E.AI$(E of -0N0S0?(E J/-AIE2T, A judgment
adjudicating 5 o moe causes of action 0 am satis)ed *ith
one cause but 0 am not *ith the othe. So, m! a33eal is onl!
on the 5nd cause of action *hee the a*ad should be highe.
0 am not a33ealing in the )st cause of action and the
defendant did not also a33eal. So 0 can mo#e to execute that
3otion of judgment, as fa as the )st cause of action is
concened and continue *ith m! a33eal on the second. This
is a di#isible judgment. This is allo*ed.
5'6
Satisfaction
$R1?(EI, $laintif sues fo $6 million damages. The
cout ga#e an a*ad of $8CC,CCC onl! 4one<half the damages
sued fo7. -efendant did not a33eal because he is satis)ed
*ith the judgment. Ieaning, he acce3ts the liabilit! of u3 to
$8CC,CCC, Dudgment is good. $laintif, ho*e#e, is not
satis)ed, 4t shou"d ?e 6$ mi""ion, so 4 wi"" appea". >e
belie#es that e#en if he loses the a33eal, he is insued as to
the $8CC,CCC.
+, "an 3laintif mo#e fo the satisfaction of $8CC,CCC
and let the othe half continue on a33eal;
A, JES, 0 thin% so. An!*a!, thee is no Guael *ith
es3ect to the )st half. To m! mind, this is a -0N0S0?(E
judgment since defendant acce3ts it and e#en if 3laintif
loses a33eal, the fome is still liable u3 to $8CC,CCC. So the
3laintif might as *ell claim it no* fo it is )nal insofa as the
defendant is concened *hile 3laintifOs a33eal is *ith es3ect
to the balance. This is a 3ossibilit! unde the uling in
B4./;F3O0O-.
Sec! ?6! When principa" ?ound ?y
judgment against surety. H%en &
,u-*'ent i$ (en-e(e- &*&in$t & +&(t/
2%o $t&n-$ &$ $u(et/ )o( &not%e(, t%e
l&tte( i$ &l$o .oun- )(o' t%e ti'e t%&t
%e %&$ notice o) t%e &ction o(
+(ocee-in*, &n- &n o++o(tunit/ &t t%e
$u(et/M$ (e3ue$t to ,oin in t%e -e)en$e!
;?>&<
:hen thee is a judgment against the suet!, the
3inci3al debto is also bound b! the judgment fom the time
he has notice of the action o 3oceeding and an o33otunit!
at the suet!Os eGuest to join in the defense. The suet! is
onl! liable legall! but the eal 3at! liable is the debto.
RES ADJUDICATA
And )nall!, the most im3otant section in Rule 39 is
Section &9 efect of judgment o )nal ode. This is *hat *e
call the 3inci3le of es adjudicata.
Sec! ?=! EIect of judgments or !na"
orders. T%e eKect o) & ,u-*'ent o( 0n&l
o(-e( (en-e(e- ./ & cou(t o) t%e
P%ili++ine$, %&1in* ,u(i$-iction to
+(onounce t%e ,u-*'ent o( 0n&l o(-e(,
'&/ .e &$ )ollo2$D
;&< In c&$e o) & ,u-*'ent o( 0n&l
o(-e( &*&in$t & $+eci0c t%in*, o( in
(e$+ect to t%e +(o.&te o) & 2ill, o( t%e
&-'ini$t(&tion o) t%e e$t&te o) &
-ece&$e- +e($on, o( in (e$+ect to t%e
+e($on&l, +olitic&l, o( le*&l con-ition
o( $t&tu$ o) & +&(ticul&( +e($on o( %i$
(el&tion$%i+ to &not%e(, t%e ,u-*'ent
o( 0n&l o(-e( i$ conclu$i1e u+on t%e
title to t%e t%in*, t%e 2ill o(
&-'ini$t(&tion, o( t%e con-ition,
$t&tu$ o( (el&tion$%i+ o) t%e +e($onE
%o2e1e(, t%e +(o.&te o) & 2ill o(
*(&ntin* o) lette($ o) &-'ini$t(&tion
$%&ll onl/ .e +(i'& )&cie e1i-ence o)
t%e -e&t% o) t%e te$t&to( o( inte$t&teE
;.< In ot%e( c&$e$, t%e ,u-*'ent o(
0n&l o(-e( i$, 2it% (e$+ect to t%e
'&tte( -i(ectl/ &-,u-*e- o( &$ to &n/
ot%e( '&tte( t%&t coul- %&1e .een
(&i$e- in (el&tion t%e(eto, conclu$i1e
.et2een t%e +&(tie$ &n- t%ei(
$ucce$$o($ in inte(e$t ./ title
$u.$e3uent to t%e co''ence'ent o)
t%e &ction o( $+eci&l +(ocee-in*,
liti*&tin* )o( t%e $&'e t%in* &n- un-e(
t%e $&'e title &n- in t%e $&'e
c&+&cit/E &n-
;c< In &n/ ot%e( liti*&tion .et2een
t%e $&'e +&(tie$ o( t%ei( $ucce$$o($ in
inte(e$t, t%&t onl/ i$ -ee'e- to %&1e
.een &-,u-*e- in & )o('e( ,u-*'ent
o( 0n&l o(-e( 2%ic% &++e&($ u+on it$
)&ce to %&1e .een $o &-,u-*e-, o(
2%ic% 2&$ &ctu&ll/ &n- nece$$&(il/
inclu-e- t%e(ein o( nece$$&(/ t%e(eto!
;?9&<
:e %no* *hat this is all about *hen the matte is
alead! decided o )nish alead!, !ou cannot e<o3en that
easil!. The diect 3o#ision of la* *hich enunciates that
3inci3le is Section &9, *hich is com3osed of 3 3otions,
3aaga3hs UaV, UbV and UcV.
2o*, 3aaga3h UaV is the 3inci3le of es adjudicata as
a33lied in judgment in em 4binding on the *hole *old7 o at
least Guasi in em. $aaga3hs UbV and UcV ae the a33lication
of the same doctine *ith es3ect to judgment in 3esonam
4binding onl! on the 3aties7.
RES A-J/-0"ATA and RES J/-0"ATA ae the same. 0n the
$hili33ines, that is inWuenced b! Roman (a* and S3anish
(a* 4$ua #s. (a3itan, 89 1.A. &96&7 ?ut the 3inci3le is
%no*n *old*ide, although ma!be %no*n b! anothe name.
0n Anglo<Ameican la*, it is %no*n as the doctine of Esto33el
?! Judgment 4Hajado #s. ?a!ona, 9' $hil. D897. ?ut it is the
same. The conce3t is simila. That is *h! in the 699& case of
SALUD #s! COURT OF APPEALS
436 SCRA 3>? B99?C
7ELD, LThe ules of es judicata ae of
common la* oigin and the! initiall! e#ol#ed
fom cout decisions. 0t is no* consideed a
3inci3le of uni#esal juis3udence foming a
3at of the legal s!stem of all ci#iliBed nations.M
+, :hat is the H1/2-AT012 $R02"0$(E u3on *hich the
doctine of es judicata ests;
5'5
Satisfaction
A, 0t ests fom the 3inci3le that 3aties ought not to be
3emitted to litigate the same issue moe than onceE that
*hen a ight o fact has been judiciall! tied and detemined
b! a cout of com3etent juisdiction, o *hee an o33otunit!
fo such tial had been gi#en, the judgment of the cout shall
be conclusi#e u3on the 3aties and those in 3i#it! *ith
them. 1the*ise, *ithout this doctine, litigation *ould
become inteminable, ights of 3aties *ould be in#ol#ed in
endless confusion, couts *ould be sti33ed of thei most
ePcient 3o*es, and the most im3otant function of
go#enment, that of ascetaining and enfocing ights, *ould
go unful)lled. 4Rambales Academ! #s. Nillanue#a, (<69''&,
Ia! ', 69D9E $eo3le #s. Iacadaeg, 96 $hil. &6CE 1beiano #s.
Sobemesana, (<&D55, Ia! 3C, 6985E $eFalosa #s. TuaBon, 55
$hil. 3C37
0 thin% *e agee *ith that. 0magine, if t*o 3esons
litigated fo !eas o#e the o*neshi3 of a 3acel of land.
Then afte !eas of litigation, all the *a! to the S", defendant
*on. Hinal. Afte one geneation, both 3laintif and defendant
ae dead but thei childen *ould continue. >ee comes the
childen of the 3laintif aising the same issue of o*neshi3.
So, thee is no end if thee is no es judicata.
REQUISITES OF RES ADJUDICATA
:hat ae the eGuisites of es adjudicata; >o* do *e
%no*, since thee ae 5 cases hee; -oes it mean that sim3l!
because thee is a case bet*een us, thee *ill be no moe
case bet*een us in the futue; 21.
+, So *hat ae the eGuisites of es adjudicata;
A, Thee is es judicata if the follo*ing RE+/0S0TES ae
3esent,
6.7 The judgment o ode in#o%ed as es
adjudicata must be )nalE
5.7 The cout endeing the same must ha#e
juisdiction o#e the subject matte and of the
3atiesE
3.7 The judgment o ode must be u3on the meitsE
and
&.7 Thee must be, bet*een the t*o cases, identit!
of 3aties, identit! of subject matte, and
identit! of cause of action.
So the elements ae simila *ith litis 3endentia. Actuall!,
the! ae based on the same ule s3litting of the cause of
action. The onl! difeence is, in litis 3endentia, the )st
action is still 3ending. 0n es adjudicata, the )st action has
alead! been decided and the decision has alead! become
)nal.
First ReAuisiteQ D5=37E-. OF OR=ER 4-BO8E= 750. 1E
F4-/;
:hen it sa!s S)nalO, the 3e#ious judgment has been
)nal and executo! 4>ubahib #s. 0nsula -ug, D& $hil. 6697
Ieaning, it can no longe be changed. This is because thee
is such a thing as !na" and appea"a?"e. A )nal and executo!
judgment is alead! be!ond the 3o*e of the cout to alte
*hile a )nal and a33ealable judgment is still subject to
modi)cation b! the a33ellate cout. 4Iaca3inlac #s. "A, 'D
$hil. 3897
So *hee thee is a judgment no* that !ou ecei#ed, and
befoe it becomes executo!, !ou )led anothe case, it is not
es judicata. 0t is "itis pendentia because the )st case is still
3ending.
E.AI$(E, Jessa )les a case against "hales. "hales lost
and then a33ealed. :hile his a33eal is 3ending, Jessa )led
the same case against "hales. "hales )led a motion to
dismiss the second case. The gound fo the motion to
dismiss should be (itis $endentia because *hile thee is
alead! a decision, the same is not !et )nal and executo!. 0t
is still on a33eal. 0n such case, it is im3o3e to in#o%e the
3inci3le of es adjudicata because the )st element is
missing.
+, 2o*, *hen did the )st judgment become )nal; 0s it
befoe the second case is )led; 1 is it afte the second case
)led;
A, Eithe one. 0t could ha#e been )nal befoe the )ling
of the second action o afte, 3o#ided *hen the defendant
in#o%ed it, the )st judgment is alead! )nal. 4Aaliancia #s.
"A, 693 S"RA &57
0econd ReAuisiteQ .HE 2O5R. RE-=ER4-3 .HE 0/7E
750. H/BE D5R40=42.4O- OBER .HE 051DE2. 7/..ER /-=
OF .HE 6/R.4E0
Ieaning, the )st judgment is #alid because if the cout
ne#e acGuied juisdiction o#e the subject matte and the
3aties and endeed judgment, the judgment is #oid and
cannot be in#o%ed as es judicata. 4?anco Es3aFol<Hili3ino #s.
$alanca, 39 $hil. 9567
+, Ia! a #oidable judgment be in#o%ed as es
adjudicata;
A, JES because such %ind of judgment is binding u3on
the 3aties until annulled. 4Re!es #s. ?aetto<-atu, 9& $hil.
&&D7
2o*, the classic exam3le of the second element is the
case *hich 0 mentioned to !ou *hen *e *ee in Rule 69 the
case of
REPU9LIC PLANTERS 9AN: ;R9P< #s!
MOLINA
66 SCRA 39 B9>>C
FACTS, The R$? )led a case against the
defendant fo a sum of mone!. -efendant
cannot be summoned because his *heeabouts
is no* un%no*n. Se#eal attem3ts made b! the
3laintif to loo% fo him failed. Afte a *hile the
cout dismissed the com3laint fo R?$Os failue
to 3osecute. And the ode of dismissal *as
5'3
Satisfaction
silent. So, follo*ing Section 3 of Rule 69, the
dismissal is *ith 3ejudice it sha"" ha#e the
eIect of an adjudication upon the merits,
un"ess the order pro#ides otherwise.
Then late on, the 3laintif 4R$?7 disco#eed
the *heeabouts of the defendant. The R$? e<
)led the com3liant. -efendant mo#ed to
dismiss because *hen the )st com3laint *as
dismissed and the ode of dismissal *as silent
then the dismissal has the efect of an
adjudication on the meits.
7ELD, Since :e ae tal%ing of es
adjudicata, let us coelate it *ith the elements
of es adjudicata unde Rule 39.
1ne of the elements of es adjudicata is,
When the case is terminated, the court has
jurisdiction o#er the case ?oth as to the person
and the su?ject matterE
0n the case of R$?, the cout ne#e
acGuied juisdiction o#e the 3eson of the
defendant because he *as ne#e se#ed *ith
summons. Theefoe, such dismissal did not
ha#e the efect of es adjudicata. The second
element of es judicata is missing.
.hird ReAuisiteQ .HE D5=37E-. OR OR=ER 750. 1E
56O- .HE 7ER4.0
:hat do *e mean b! this; A judgment on the meits fo
the 3u3ose of es judicata is one )nall! settling the issues
aised in the 3leadings 4Ianila Electic "o. #s. Atiaga, 8C
$hil. 6&&7. 2omall!, it is afte tial *hen thee is 3esentation
of e#idence.
Theefoe, *hen a com3laint is dismissed fo lac% of
juisdiction o im3o3e #enue, e#en if said dismissal
becomes )nal, the 3laintif can e<)le the case because the
dismissal u3on im3o3e #enue o lac% of juisdiction is not
u3on the meits. 0t ne#e dealt *ith the coectness o
#alidit! of the cause of action. Thee should be tial,
geneall!.
So, AE2ERA((J, a dismissal *ithout a tial is not an
adjudication u3on the meits E."E$T in Rule 69, Section 3
*hee the case *as dismissed fo failue of the 3laintif to
a33ea duing the 3esentation of his e#idence in chief, o to
3osecute his action fo an uneasonable, 3eiod of time, o
failed to com3l! *ith the ules o ode of the cout. Thee is
no tial thee but accoding to Rule 69, Section 3, the
dismissal shall ha#e the efect of an adjudication u3on the
meits. This is the exce3tion e#en if thee *as no tial in the
)st case.
Fourth ReAuisiteQ .HERE 750. 1E, 1E.WEE- .HE .WO
2/0E0, 4=E-.4.E OF 6/R.4E0, 4=E-.4.E OF 051DE2. 7/..ER,
/-= 4=E-.4.E OF 2/50E OF /2.4O-
0. 0-E2T0TJ 1H $ART0ES
+, :hen thee is identit! of 3aties fo the 3u3ose of es
judicata;
A, Thee is identit! of 3aties fo the 3u3ose of es
judicata,
6.7 :hen the 3aties in the second action ae the
same as the 3aties in the )st actionE o
5.7 :hen the 3aties in the second action ae
successos<in<inteest of the 3aties in the )st
action, such as heis o 3uchases *ho
acGuied title afte the commencement of the
)st action.
E.AI$(E, The exam3le 0 ga#e !ou, the
Guael bet*een 3aents, then the childen did
the same. That is the same 3aties. The childen
ae the successos<in<inteest of the oiginal
3aties, although liteall! the! ae not the same
3aties.
1ne good illustation of es adjudicata on identit! of
3aties as a33lied in a labo case *as the case of
DELFIN #s! INCIONG
94 SCRA @ B995C
NOTE, The doctine of es adjudicata
a33lies not onl! to the decisions of egula
couts but can be in#o%ed e#en in
administati#e cases. 0t also a33lies to decisions
of administati#e bodies.
FACTS, 0n the case of =E;F4-, a union )led
a case of unfai labo 3actice 4/($7 against the
em3lo!e. Then late on, the case *as
dismissed b! the 2(R". :hen the case *as
dismissed, the em3lo!ees )led anothe case
based on the same /($. The em3lo!e in#o%ed
es adjudicata and the com3lainants said, L2o,
it is not the same 3aties. 0n the )st case, it
*as the union. 2o* it is us 4em3lo!ees7.M
7ELD, 21= :hen the union )led the )st
case, it *as )ling in behalf of the em3lo!ees.
This is *hat !ou call e3esentati#e 3at!. 0n
efect, it is the same 3at!.
L:hile it is tue that the com3lainant in the
)st chage *as the union, in ealit! it had no
mateial inteest in the outcome of the case.
The eal 3at! *ho stands to be bene)ted o
defeated b! a case bought in the name of the
union is the union membes themsel#es. Since
the judgment theein had become )nal and
executo!, the subseGuent )ling of anothe /($
chage against the em3lo!e fo the same
#iolations committed duing its existence is
baed b! es judicata.M
LThe binging of the same action in the
name of the indi#idual membes of the union
5'&
Satisfaction
*ill not ta%e out the case fom the ambit of the
3inci3le of es judicata.M So, it is still the same
3aties.
00. 0-E2T0TJ 1H S/?JE"T IATTER
+, :hen is thee identit! of subject matte;
A, Thee is identit! of subject matte if in the second
case, the same thing is in#ol#ed o included in the )st case.
4Agegado #s. IuFoB, 5D $hil. 8&D7
E.AI$(E, A judgment in an action fo the eco#e! of a
lage tact of land shall be a ba fo a subseGuent action fo
the eco#e! of a smalle 3acel included in the lage tact.
4Rubiso #s. Ri#ea, &6 $hil. 397
E.AI$(E, A judgment in an action fo accounting of a
cetain funds *ould be a ba fo a subseGuent action fo the
3atition of the same funds. 4"hua Tan #s. -el Rosaio, 89
$hil. &667
E.AI$(E, A case fo eco#e! of 3o3et! *as dismissed.
The losing 3at! )les a second case fo eco#e! of the #alue
of the 3o3et!. 0n this case, thee is es adjudicata. So, !ou
can not de#iate Sno; Qahit %onting eto%e lang, it is the same.
000. 0-E2T0TJ 1H "A/SES 1H A"T012
+, :hen is thee identit! of causes of action fo the
3u3ose of es judicata;
A, Thee is identit! of causes of action fo the 3u3ose of
es judicata *hen the t*o actions ae based on the same
delict o *ong committed b! the defendant, e#en if the
emedies be difeent 4+iogue #s. ?autista, (<63689, Heb. 5,
69D57. Jou cannot change the emed! in ode to esca3e
fom the 3inci3le of es adjudicata.
Sometimes, it is one of the hadest same cause of
action because sometimes thee ae 5 causes of action
*hich ae inteelated, e#en bet*een the same 3aties. 2o*,
if thee ae 5 inteelated causes of action, thee is no es
adjudicata. 0nteelated onl!, because the la* sa!s simila
causes of action. That is had to detemine.
That is *h! the S" had to gi#e some tests to detemine
*hethe the causes of action ae the same o not. Among
these tests gi#en b! the "out,
TESTS T1 -ETERI02E :>ET>ER 1R 21T T>E "A/SES
1H A"T012 ARE T>E SAIE,
67 SAIE EN0-E2"E Test as laid do*n in the case of
AQUILA ESTATE #s! 9ACOLODFMURCIA
MILLING CO!
?? SCRA ?>4
7ELD, Res adjudicata can not be a33lied
e#en though in the 5 cases thee is identit! of
3aties, subject matte, and elief 3a!ed fo,
the e#idence adduced to sustain the cause of
action in the )st case is not suPcient to
sustain the second case. So, the e#idence *as
suPcient to 3o#e the )st case *hile the same
e#idence is not suPcient to 3o#e the second
case. Theefoe, it must be difeent cause of
action fo ho* come the same e#idence *ill not
suPce an!moe. So, it must be a difeent one.
5. 02"12S0STE2"J Test gi#en in the case of
8ALENCIA #s! RTC
>? SCRA >5
7ELD, 1ne test of the identit! of cause of
action is *hethe o not the judgment sought in
the subseGuent case *ill be inconsistent *ith
the 3io judgment. Ieaning, !ou ae as%ing fo
a decision *hich is in conWict *ith the oiginal
decision.
+, Su33ose thee is an inconsistenc!, is this a sign of es
adjudicata o no es judicata;
A, :ell, 0 thin% if thee is an inconsistenc!, that is a sign
of es adjudicata because !ou ae t!ing to change *hat has
alead! been endeed. To m! mind, that is ho* it should be
inte3eted because if the judgment 0 am see%ing is
inconsistent *ith *hat has been decided, then 0 thin% that is
#iolating the ule of es adjudicata 0 am e<o3ening
something *hich *as alead! decided.
3.7 And the test in the 6998 case of
GUE8ARRA #s! 9ENITO
4?= SCRA @=5
7ELD, The causes of action can not be the
same if the cause of action in one case onl!
aose afte the judgment in the othe. The
3inci3le of es judicata extends onl! to the
facts and conditions as the! existed at the time
the judgment *as endeed.
Those ae the im3otant 3inci3les to emembe 4ead
the cases in shot7.
RARE 02STA2"ES :>ERE S" REH/SES T1 A((1: RES
J/-0"ATA -ES$0TE 0TS E.0STE2"E
Anothe 3oint, es adjudicata is a ule of la*, ule of
con#enience, of 3acticalit! and *hen the e#idence ae
3esent, the couts shall not allo* second litigation. :e %no*
that but 0 ha#e to admit that thee ae some ae cases *hee
des3ite the elements of es adjudicata, the couts efused to
allo* it.
5'8
Satisfaction
This is *hat *e call E+/0TJ "ASES. ?ut this is #e! ae.
:hen thee is a highe 3inci3le to be obse#ed athe than
the ule of es adjudicata thee ae highe #alues of societ!
*hich *ould be sub#eted if *e *ill stic% to es adjudicata. A
good exam3le is the case of
SUAREA #s! COURT OF APPEALS
93 SCRA >3 B99C
FACTS, This in#ol#es a custod! case. A
cetain Rosemaie Ianese )le a 3etition fo
habeas co3us fo the eco#e! of he mino
child fom he fome li#e<in 3atne o
common<la* husband, Renato SuaeB. (ate,
Ianese )led a motion to dismiss the habeas
co3us case fo she intended to 3usue anothe
emed! custod! of mino unde Rule 99 of the
Rules of "out in S3ecial $oceedings.
Actuall!, as obse#ed b! the S", he mo#e
*as *ong because !ou can obtain custod! of
!ou child though habeas co3us. She thought
she had the *ong emed!, so she changed it.
Actuall! she *as coect. The touble is, she
*ithde* it. 0n the tial fo the dismissal of the
habeas co3us, it *as *ith 3ejudice so actuall!,
it is on the meits Sno;
Theeafte, she )led the custod! case
against SuaeB. The latte mo#ed to dismiss on
the gound of es adjudicata. All the e#idence
ae admitted thee. Thee *as a decision on the
meits.
7ELD, LThe 3inci3le of es judicata should
be disegaded if its a33lication *ould in#ol#e
the saci)ce of justice to technicalit!.M 0n othe
*ods, this is *hat *e call E+/0TJ.
The a33lication of the es adjudicata should
be ta%en on a case to case basisE !ou cannot
sa! !ou a33l! es adjudicata though and
though. 0t must be ta%en unde the 3aticula
facts obtained. Ieaning, thee ae cetain facts
in that case *hich *ill *aant a de#iation fom
the usual ule, to do Lothe*ise *ould amount
to denial of justice andKo ba to a #indication of
a legitimate gie#ance.M
L0t is *oth stating hee that the
conto#es! in the instant case is not just an
odina! suit bet*een 3aties o#e a ti#ial
matte but a litigation initiated b! the natual
mothe o#e the *elfae and custod! of he
child, in *hich the State has a 3aamount
inteest.M This is not a sim3le collection case.
LThe fundamental 3olic! of the State as
embodied in the "onstitution in 3omoting and
3otecting the *elfae of childen shall not be
disegaded b! the couts b! mee technicalit!
in esol#ing dis3utes *hich in#ol#e the famil!
and the !outh.M
So thee is a collision hee bet*een the famil! #ie*
found in the "onstitution and the technical 3inci3le of es
adjudicata. 0f *e sustain the 3inci3le of es adjudicata then
the mothe can no longe eco#e he child. ?ut if *e
disegad es judicata, the mothe *ill be gi#en a chance to
get bac% he child, *hich is highe in #alue than es judicata.
This 3inci3le obse#ed in 05/REC *as actuall! e3eated
in the 699& case of
SALUD #s! COURT OF APPEALS
433 SCRA 4>? B99?C
7ELD, LThee should not be a mechanical
and uncaing eliance on es judicata *hee
moe im3otant societal #alues dese#e
3otection. The doctine of es adjudicata is a
ule of justice *hich cannot be igidl! a33lied
*hen it esults to injustice.M
This is anothe 3onouncement *hich leans on the
eGuitable side of the situation athe than on the obse#ance
of the technical ules of es adjudicata. Jou can disagee *ith
the decision but the same can not be *ong. This is *hat !ou
call infallible. 0nfallible means no oom fo eo. That is *h!
Dustice Jac%son said commenting on the /S S", We are not
!na" ?ecause we are infa""i?"e. 1ut we are infa""i?"e ?ecause
we are !na".
9AR 9Y A FORMER JUDGMENT #s! CONCLUSI8ENESS OF
JUDGMENT
0f !ou ha#e ead the Guestionnaie in Remedial (a* last
Se3tembe 469997, one of the Guestions as%ed b! the
examine is, -istinguish the conce3t of ?AR ?J A H1RIER
J/-AIE2T and the conce3t of "12"(/S0NE2ESS 1H
J/-AIE2T.
The t*o conce3ts ae found in Section &9. The conce3t
of ba b! a fome judgment is in 3aaga3h UbV and
conclusi#eness of judgment is in 3aaga3h UcV. These ae
t*o 3ats of the es adjudicata ule.
The t*o conce3ts *ee discussed b! the S" in the case
of 0/;5=, The conce3t of ?a ?! A Home Judgment is %no*n
in taditional teminolog! as merger o ?arE and in moden
teminolog!, it is called "(A0I $RE"(/S012E *hile
"onclusi#eness 1f Judgment is taditionall! %no*n as
co""atera" estoppe" and in moden teminolog! it is called
0SS/E $RE"(/S012.
+, -istinguish ?AR ?J A H1RIER J/-AIE2T and
"12"(/S0NE2ESS 1H J/-AIE2T.
A, The follo*ing ae the distinctions,
$.> /s to EIect, 0f !ou anal!Be 3aaga3h UbV, thee ae
t*o judgments in ?AR ?J A H1RIER
J/-AIE2T, the )st judgment constitute an
absolute ba to all mattes diectl! adjudged as
5'D
Satisfaction
*ell as mattes that might ha#e been adjudgedE
whereas
0n "12"(/S0NE2ESS 1H J/-AIE2T, the )st
judgment is conclusi#e onl! on mattes actuall!
litigated and adjudged in the )st action unde
3aaga3h UcV.
%.> As to the ReAuisites, 0n ?AR ?J A H1RIER
J/-AIE2T, thee must be identit! of 3aties,
subject matte, and cause of actionE but
0n "12"(/S0NE2ESS 1H J/-AIE2T, e#en if thee is
identit! of 3aties o subject matte, it is not
necessa! that thee is identit! of causes of
action.
1f couse, fo 3u3oses of the ba exams, that %ind of
ans*e *ill suPce but mas maganda if thee is illustation,
Qung ba b! 3io judgment the )st judgment is es
adjudicata to the second o mattes that ha#e been adjudged
and mattes that could ha#e been adjudged in elation
theeto.
E.AI$(E of ?a b! a Home Judgment, "om3ulso!
counteclaim. 0 )led a case against !ou fo eco#e! of land.
Ieon %a 3a lang claim sa a%in fo eimbusement fo
necessa! ex3enses. 0t must be set<u3 in the main action
othe*ise it is baed foe#e. ?ut !ou did not set it u3 and
then afte*ads, !ou )le a case against me fo
eimbusement fo necessa! ex3enses, 0 *ill mo#e to
dismiss. Jou claim is alead! baed because !ou should
ha#e aised it as a com3ulso! counteclaim in the )st
action. The baing of the counteclaim is consideed as the
a33lication of es adjudicata b! a33l!ing the conce3t of ba
b! a fome judgment.
E.AI$(E of "onclusi#eness of Judgment, The debto
boo*s fom the cedito $3 million 3a!able in 3 installments
*ithout an! acceleation clause. :hen the )st installment
fell due the cedito sue the debto and the debto aised the
defense of foge!, .hat the promissory note is forged and
as an a"ternati#e defense assuming that the promissory note
is #a"id, the !rst insta""ment was a"ready etinguished ?y
payment. Afte tial, the cout decided against the
defendant. Ta3os na. 2o*, the second installment fell due. 0t
is anothe cause of action. 2o*, hee comes the 3laintif )ling
the case to collect the second installment.
+, "an the debto aise again, in the second case, the
defense of H1RAERJ of the 3omisso! note;
A, 21. Ta3os na !an. :e ha#e alead! decided that the
3omisso! note *as genuine and that thee *as no foge!.
This is the same 3omisso! note that *e ae tal%ing about.
So, in othe *ods, the issue of foge! is alead! adjudged in
the )st case and theefoe es adjudicata in the second
installment.
+, "an the debto aise the defense of $AJIE2T, that the
second installment is alead! 3aid o is it also baed;
A, JES, because in the )st case *hat *as esol#ed *as
*hethe the )st installment is 3aid. The judgment is alead!
conclusi#e on mattes diectl! adjudged but not to mattes
*hich ha#e not been adjudged. The issue on *hethe the
second o thid installment ha#e alead! been 3aid *as ne#e
adjudged in the )st case. That is the a33lication. Ta%e note
that thee is no identit! of cause of action.
Anothe exam3le of "onclusi#eness of Judgment *as the
uling in the case
CARANDANG #s! 8ENTURANAA
33 SCRA 3?? B9>?C
FACTS, This in#ol#es a conWict bet*een
t*o bothes, ?6 and ?5. Thee is alead! bad
blood bet*een them because accoding to ?6,
?5 a33o3iated all the 3o3eties of thei
3aents. So thee *as this theat fom ?6 to sue
?5 to eco#e his shae.
So ?5 consulted his fiend .. . suggested
that ?5 entes into a simulated sale *ith .. ?5
sold his 3o3et! to .. As ex3ected, ?6 )led a
case against both of them to annul o escind
the action. /nfotunatel!, ?6 has ne#e 3o#ed
that the sale *as simulated. The case *as
dismissed.
Then late ?6 died. Afte that, ?5 said to .,
4sau"i mo na sa a@in ang mga properties @o. .
said, LWhat are you ta"@ing a?outG 4 a"ready
?ought it from you, a@in na itoO ?5 )led a case
against .. The defense of . is es adjudicata.
7ELD, Thee is 21 es adjudicata. 0n the
)st 3lace, one of the elements of es adjudicata
is identit! of 3aties. 1f couse, both of them
ae also 3aties of the )st case but the! *ee
not ad#ese to each othe. The! *ee
co<defendants in the )st case.
Res adjudicata is onl! a33licable bet*een
ad#ese 3aties in the fome suit and not
bet*een 3aties. "o<3aties fo the judgment
theein odinail! settle claims as to thei
elati#e ights and liabilities as co<3laintifs o
co<defendants 3e se.
?ut the second eason is, the cause of
action is com3letel! difeent and theefoe the
judgment in the )st case is conclusi#e onl!
insofa as the ight of ?6 is concened. 0t
cannot be conclusi#e as to the ights of ?5 and
. because it is a se3aate cause of action.
Anothe *as the 6993 case of
8DA FIS7 9RO:ER #s! NLRC
44> SCRA 6> B993C
FACTS, A com3laint )led b! an em3lo!ee
fo non<3a!ment of se#ice incenti#e lea#e,
"1(A, 63th month 3a!, holida! 3a!, is
dismissed based on the )nding that no
5'9
Satisfaction
em3lo!e<em3lo!ee elationshi3 existed
bet*een the com3lainant and the es3ondent.
The uling became )nal.
SubseGuentl!, the same com3lainants )led
anothe case against the same es3ondent fo
einstatement due to illegal dismissal. 4>o* can
!ou )le fo einstatement na *ala man %a!ong
ER<EE elationshi3 in the )st case;;;7
ISSUE, 0s the )nding of no ER<EE
elationshi3 in the )st case es adjudicata to
the second case fo illegal temination;
7ELD, JES. LThe issue of em3lo!e<
em3lo!ee elationshi3 is cucial in the
detemination of the ights of the 3aties in both
cases. Res adjudicata a33lies e#en *hen the
cause of action is not simila unde the conce3t
of conclusi#eness of judgment. The uling in the
)st case that thee is no Em3lo!e<Em3lo!ee
elationshi3 bet*een the 3aties is conclusi#e in
subseGuent cases although the cause of action
is not the same.M
L0f *ee *e to ignoe the 3inci3le of es
judicata, an absud situation *ould aise *hee
the same administati#e agenc! *ould ha#e
diameticall! o33osed conclusions based on
a33aentl! simila cicumstances.M This is *hat
*ill ha33en < fo the second case, thee is ER<EE
elationshi3. 0t is the same agenc! *hich said
thee is none in the )st case. "onWict=
1T>ER $R02"0$(ES 02 (A: :>0"> IAJ ?E "12H/SE-
:0T> RES J/-0"ATA,
A.7 (A: 1H T>E "ASE
?.7 STARE -E"0S0S
Anothe Guestion that can be as%ed hee is, ho* to
ex3lain and distinguish 3 conce3ts *hich a33ea to be
simila. These 3 conce3ts ae all anchoed on the same thing,
thee is a )nal judgement. The conce3t of es adjudicata, la*
of the case and stae decisis. That *as also as%ed in the ba.
:e alead! %no* RES A-J/-0"ATA )nalit! of judgment,
o the issues decided in a case, once the decision has
become )nal and executo! and cannot be litigated again b!
the same 3aties in a subseGuent action in#ol#ing the same
subject matte. 4$eFalosa #s. TuaBon, supra.7
+, :hat about the (A: 1H T>E "ASE;
A, (A: 1H T>E "ASE means that legal conclusions
announced on a )st a33eal, *hethe on the geneal la* of
the la* as a33lied to the concete facts, not onl! 3escibe
the dut! and limit the 3o*e of the tial cout to stict
obedience and confomit! theeto, but the! become and
emain the la* of the case in all afte ste3s, *hethe in the
lo*e cout of in the a33ellate cout on a subseGuent a33eal.
4Raate #s. -i. of (ands, 39 $hil. 9&97
E.AI$(E of la* of the case, Thee is a case bet*een us
and then an issue is aised befoe the "A and thee is a
uling, ight o *ong. That uling *ill subseGuentl! bind the
3aties in the same litigation. 1nce the case comes bac%, the
futue no* of the case *ill be go#ened b! that uling. Right
o *ong, that 3inci3le *ill no* be the contolling 3inci3le
afecting the 3aties. The 3inci3le *ill continue until the case
is teminated.
TA9ACO #s! COURT OF APPEALS
439 SCRA ?>@ B99?C
ISSUE, "an a case be e<o3ened if the la*
of the case has been changed;
7ELD, 21, because *hen the case *as
decided, it *as the go#ening la* at the time,
e#en if it tuns out to be *ong.
L/nde the la* of the case conce3t,
*hate#e is once ie#ocabl! established as the
contolling legal 3inci3le o decision continues
to be the la* of the case bet*een the same
3aties in the same case, *hethe coect o
not, so long as the facts on *hich such decision
*as 3edicated continue to be the facts of the
case befoe the cout. Such stabilit! and
conclusi#eness gi#en to )nal judgments of
couts of com3etent juisdiction ae said to be
gounded on easons of 3ublic 3olic!, judicial
odeliness and econom! as *ell as 3otection
of the time and inteests of the litigants.M
A good E.AI$(E, Hile a%o ng %aso collection of an
un3aid loan based on the 3o#ision of the "i#il "ode but the
debto said, .here is no cause of action ?ecause the
pro#ision of the ci#i" code is unconstitutiona". Afte tial the
cout said, Ees, artic"e soFso of the 2i#i" 2ode is
unconstitutiona". .he de?tor is not o?"iged to pay. Ta3os na.
Hinal na ang decision because thee *as no a33eal. :hat *ill
ha33en; :e ae bound. As fa as this case is concened, the
"i#il "ode is unconstitutional. That is the la* of the case.
:ILOS9AYAN #s! MORATO
4?6 SCRA @?5 B99@C
7ELD, The doctine of the la* of the case
a33lies *hene#e the case befoe the cout
came fo the second time afte a uling of the
a33ellate cout 4;;;7.
+, :hat !ou mean b! STARE -E"0S0S;
A, Stae -ecisis means that the decision of a cout
should stand as 3ecedents fo futue guidance 4?allentineOs
(a* -ict., 5nd Ed., 655'7 Exam3le is the decisions of the S"
*hich stands as 3ecedents fo futue cases. The 3u3ose of
this is to attain stabilit! and judicial ode. That is *h! *e ae
citing 3ecedents.
5''
Satisfaction
ROSALES #s! COURT OF FIRST
INSTANCE
68& S"RA 683 U69'9V
>E(-, L$ecedents ae hel3ful in deciding
cases *hen the! ae substantiall! identical *ith
3e#ious litigations. /rgumentum a simi"i #a"et
in "ege. Ealie decisions ae guide3osts that
can lead us in the ight diection as *e tead
the @high*a!s and b!*a!s of the la* in the
seach fo tuth and justice. These
3onouncements e3esent the *isdom of the
3ast. The! ae the #oice of #anished judges
tal%ing to the futue. Exce3t *hee thee is a
need to e#ese them because of an emegent
#ie*3oint o an alteed situation, the! uge us
stongl! that, indeed, the todden 3ath is best.M
M.rodden 6athJ exam3le is *hen !ou go on hi%ing li%e in
It. A3o. 0f thee is alead! a 3ath o tail, !ou *ill not ha#e a
had time loo%ing fo !ou *a! u3 to the 3ea% of It. A3o.
Thee is alead! a *a! *hich *ill guide !ou to each !ou
destination.
?ut the doctine of stae decisis admittedl! does not
mean that couts should be sla#e foe#e to 3ecedents. A
doctine long standing has also been e#esed. The S"
ex3lained also *h! once in a *hile it abandons the doctine
of stae decisis,
PEOPLE #s! MUOOA
=5 SCRA 5= B9>9C
7ELD, L0f *e ha#e seen )t to ta%e a second
loo% at the doctine on *hich *e *ee all
ageed befoe, it is not because of a change in
the com3osition of this bod!. 0t is #ituall! the
same "out that is changing its mind afte
eWecting on the Guestion again in the light of
ne* 3es3ecti#es. The decisions of this "out
ae not 3eti)ed ules go*n igid once
3onounced but #ital, go*ing things subject to
change as all life is. :hile *e ae told that the
todden 3ath is best, this should not 3e#ent us
fom o3ening a fesh tial o ex3loing the othe
side o testing a ne* idea in a s3iit of
continuing inGui!.M
+, -istinguish Res Adjudicata and Stae -ecisis.
A, RES A-J/-0"ATA o3eates bet*een t*o actions
in#ol#ing the same 3aties and the same cause4of action7E
whi"e STARE -E"0S0S efes to cases *ith difeent 3aties.
STARE -E"0S0S efes onl! to decisions of the S"
4decisions of the "A ae not a basis of stae decisis7E whi"e
the doctine of RES A-J/-0"ATA efes to all couts, S", "A,
RT" and IT".
+, -istinguish (a* 1f The "ase and Stae -ecisis.
A, (A: 1H T>E "ASE efes onl! to one case *hich ma!
o ma! not be in#o%ed in subseGuent cases, whi"e STARE
-E"0S0S ma! efe to #aious cases *hich ae usuall! in#o%ed
in subseGuent cases.
Sec! ?>! EIect of foreign judgments or
!na" orders. F T%e eKect o) & ,u-*'ent
o( 0n&l o(-e( o) & t(i.un&l o( & )o(ei*n
count(/, %&1in* ,u(i$-iction to (en-e(
t%e ,u-*'ent o( 0n&l o(-e( i$ &$
)ollo2$D
;&< In c&$e o) & ,u-*'ent o( 0n&l
o(-e( u+on & $+eci0c t%in*, t%e
,u-*'ent o( 0n&l o(-e( i$ conclu$i1e
u+on t%e title to t%e t%in*E &n-
;.< In c&$e o) & ,u-*'ent o( 0n&l
o(-e( &*&in$t & +e($on, t%e ,u-*'ent
o( 0n&l o(-e( i$ +(e$u'+ti1e e1i-ence
o) & (i*%t &$ .et2een t%e +&(tie$ &n-
t%ei( $ucce$$o($ in inte(e$t ./ &
$u.$e3uent title!
In eit%e( c&$e, t%e ,u-*'ent o( 0n&l
o(-e( '&/ .e (e+elle- ./ e1i-ence o) &
2&nt o) ,u(i$-iction, 2&nt o) notice to
t%e +&(t/, collu$ion, )(&u-, o( cle&(
'i$t&Ge o) l&2 o( )&ct! ;@5&<
Sec. &' is actuall! a la* on conWict of la*s < efect of
foeign judgment. 0f a judgment is endeed in /.S. and is
being in#o%ed in the $hili33ines, should *e hono it; Jes. So,
is it conclusi#e; Jes. The la* sa!s, in case of judgment u3on
a s3eci)c thing, the judgment o )nal ode is conclusi#e
efecti#el!.
$R1?(EI, Iot#eine and IistiGla *ee both in the /.S.
and the! Guaeled about the o*neshi3 of a ing. The! *ent
to an Ameican cout. Afte tial, the cout uled that
Iot#eine is the legitimate o*ne of the ing. The judgment
became )nal. SubseGuentl! both of them came to the
$hili33ines and IistiGla )led a case against Iot#eine to
eco#e the same ing. Sabi ni Iot#eine, Res adjudicata na
ito eh, tapos na yan. Here is the decision in /merica.
.herefore it is sett"ed.
+, 0s A coect;
A, JES. /nde 3aaga3h UaV. 0n case of a foeign
judgment u3on a S$E"0H0" T>02A, the judgment is conclusi#e
u3on the 3aties. >indi 3u*edeng bu%san. ThatOs alead!
litigated aboad, meong nang decision. :e *ill es3ect it.
Su33ose the judgment is against a 3eson. The la* sa!s
it is 3esum3ti#e e#idence of a ight as bet*een the 3aties.
E.AI$(E, A and ? *ee both Ameicans. The! *ee
maied in the /.S. and obtained a di#oce in the states. The!
came to the $hili33ines. The issue is *hethe the maiage
*as #alidl! teminated. Accoding to one 3at!, Ees, meron
man tayong di#orce ?a. 0s the decee of di#oce aboad
in#ol#ing these Ameican cou3le allo*ed in the $hili33ines
5'9
Satisfaction
consideing *e ha#e no di#oce hee; That is thei la*. 0t is
3esum3ti#e e#idence of a ight of the 3aties.
E.AI$(E, > and : ae $hili33ine citiBens. The! *ent
aboad and someho* able to get a di#oce in an Ameican
cout *hich became )nal. The! came bac% hee. :ill the
$hili33ine cout hono the di#oce; >ee, the judgment ma!
be e3elled b! *ant of juisdiction of the Ameican cout, etc.
The judgment is 3esumed to be #alid unless !ou can attac%
b! sho*ing lac% of juisdiction.
:hat is the 3inci3le in 3i#ate intenational la*; A
judgment of di#oce endeed b! an Ameican cout bet*een
5 Hili3inos is null and #oid. :h!; The Ameican cout ne#e
acGuied juisdiction o#e the status of the 3aties 4because
the! ae not /.S. citiBens7. ?ut judgment in 3esonam is
honoed hee exce3t *hen thee is *ant of juisdiction, *ant
of notice to the 3at!, collusion, faud, o clea mista%e of la*
o fact.
+, >o* do !ou enfoce a foeign judgment;
A, The usual 3ocedue, !ou )le a case against the same
defendant hee and the cause of action is enfocement of a
foeign judgment. And then the $hili33ine cout *ill ende a
judgment enfocing it and then !ou can execute.
The S" commented on the enfocement of a foeign
judgment in the $hili33ines in the case of
P7ILSEC #s! COURT OF APPEALS
June 9, 99=
7ELD, L:hile this cout has gi#en the
efect of es judicata to foeign judgments in
se#eal cases, it *as afte the 3aties o33osed
to the judgment had been gi#en am3le
o33otunit! to e3el them on gounds allo*ed
unde the la*. 0t is not necessa! fo this
3u3ose to initiate a se3aate action o
3oceeding fo enfocement of the foeign
judgment. :hat is essential is that thee is
o33otunit! to challenge the foeign judgment,
in ode fo the cout to 3o3el! detemine its
ePcac!. This is because in this juisdiction, *ith
es3ect to actions in 3esonam, as distinguished
fom actions in em, a foeign judgment meel!
constitutes 3ima facie e#idence of the justness
of the claim of a 3at! and, as such, is subject
to 3oof to the conta!.M
:ith that, *e ae no* though *ith Rule 39. <WheewO>
<o1o<
59C

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