Cell Membrane

Pores of the membrane allow materials in and out of the cell; a

double layer of lipid bilayer (phospholipids); heads of bilayer are
hydrophilic (water loving); tails of bilayer are hydrophobic
(water fearing)

Cytoplasm
Liquid that carries organelles; the cytosol and the organelles in
the cytosol

Vacuole
Membrane bound sac; holds nutrients, water, and waste; plant
cells have one large vacuole; animal cells have many small
vacuoles; help increase cell size during growth

Mitochondrion (plural mitochondria)
Power center of the cell; membrane bound organelles; have a
double membrane

Golgi Complex
Package macromolecules for transport to other places in cell; has
one membrane; membrane bound structure

Lysosome
Digest food particles, waste, and foreign invaders; common in
animal cells; important in intracellular digestion

Nucleus
Power center of the cell; enclosed in double membrane;
communicates with cytosol via nuclear pores

Nuclear Membrane
Double membrane that surrounds nucleus

Chromosomes (DNA, Genes)
DNA determines the unique characteristics of a cell; DNA is in
the nucleus

Nucleolus
produces ribosomes; nucleolus is the prominent structure in the
nucleus

Cytosol
where most of cellular metabolism occurs; mostly water; full of
proteins that control cell metabolism; all other cell organelles
reside in cytosol

Centrosome
area in cell where microtubles are produced

Centriole
Only animal cells have centrioles; ring of nine groups of fused
microtubles; three microtubles in each group; part of the
cytoskeleton

Peroxisome
protect the cell from its own production of toxic hydrogen
peroxide

Secretory Vesicle
cell secretions are packaged here; then secretory vesicles are
transported to cell surface for release

Cell Wall
Protects cell and gives them their shape; only plant cells have cell
walls; made up of polysaccharides

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
plays different functions depending on specific cell type
including: lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, breakdown of
lipid-soluble toxins in liver cell, and control of calcium release in
muscle cell contraction

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
has ribosomes on its surface; proteins synthesized on the
ribosomes collect in the ER for transport throughout the cell

Ribosomes
Assist in the development of amino acids; packets of RNA and
proteins that play crucial role in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells;
site of protein synthesis; has two parts:large subunit, and small
subunit


Cytoskeleton
helps maintain cell shape; internal movement of cell organelles,
cell locomotion, and muscle fiber contraction couldn't happen
without cytoskeleton; organized network of microtubles, actin
filaments, and intermediate fibers

Chloroplast
Only plant cells have chloroplasts; where chlorophyll are found;
make food; have double outer membrane

Chlorophyll
Makes plants green

Organelles
Tiny organs;

Animal Cell Plant Cell
Cell wall
Absent Present
(formed of
cellulose)
Shape
Round (irregular shape) Rectangular
(fixed
shape)
Vacuole
One or more small vacuoles (much
smaller than plant cells).
One, large
central
vacuole
taking up
90% of cell
volume.
Centrioles
Present in all animal cells Only
present in
lower plant
forms.
Chloroplast
Animal cells don't have chloroplasts. Plant cells
have
Animal Cell Plant Cell
chloroplasts
because
they make
their own
food.
Cytoplasm Present Present
Endoplasmic Reticulum
(Smooth and Rough)
Present Present
Ribosomes Present Present
Mitochondria Present Present
Plastids Absent Present
Golgi Apparatus Present Present
Plasma Membrane
Only cell membrane Cell wall
and a cell
membrane
Microtubules/ Microfilaments Present Present
Flagella
May be found in some cells May be
found in
some cells
Lysosomes
Lysosomes occur in cytoplasm. Lysosomes
usually not
evident.
Nucleus Present Present
Cilia
Present It is very
rare.



SIMILARITIES
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Cytoplasm Present Present
Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth and
Rough)
Present Present
Ribosomes Present Present
Mitochondria Present Present
Golgi Apparatus Present Present
Microtubules/ Microfilaments Present Present
Flagella
May be found in some cells May be
found
in
some
cells
Nucleus Present Present

DIFFERENCES
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Cell wall
Absent Present
(formed of
cellulose)
Shape
Round (irregular shape) Rectangular
(fixed
shape)
Vacuole
One or more small vacuoles (much smaller
than plant cells).
One, large
central
vacuole
taking up
Animal Cell Plant Cell
90% of cell
volume.
Centrioles
Present in all animal cells Only
present in
lower plant
forms.
Chloroplast
Animal cells don't have chloroplasts. Plant cells
have
chloroplasts
because
they make
their own
food.
Plastids Absent Present
Plasma Membrane
Only cell membrane Cell wall
and a cell
membrane
Lysosomes
Lysosomes occur in cytoplasm. Lysosomes
usually not
evident.
Cilia
Present It is very
rare.











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