Crystals, Jewels, Stones: Magic & Science

Crystals Jewels • Stones Magic & Science

Isidore Kozminsky

and

Crystals and the New Age

Stuart Weinberg

Edited with a Foreword by

Hannah Finne

IBIS PRESS

Lake Worth, FL

Published in 2012 by Ibis Press

An imprint of Nicolas-Hays, Inc.

P. O. Box 540206

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This edition of Crystals, Jewels, Stones: Magic and Science

Copyright © 2012 by Nicolas Hays, Inc.

Crystals and the New Age

Copyright © 2012 by Stuart Weinberg

Isidore Kozminsky's text was originally published in 1922 as The Magic and Science of Jewels and Stones

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from Nicolas-Hays, Inc. Reviewers may quote brief passages.

ISBN: 978-0-89254-171-3

Ebook ISBN: 978-0-89254-577-3

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Available upon request.

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"Another, ere she slept, was stringing stones

To make a necklet—agate, onyx, sard,

Coral, and moonstone—round her wrist it gleamed

A coil of splendid color, while she held

Unthreaded yet, the bead to close it up—

Green turkis, carved with golden gods and scripts."

Edwin Arnold—The Light of Asia

CONTENTS

FOREWORD BY HANNAH FINNE

CRYSTALS AND THE NEW AGE BY STUART WEINBERG

CRYSTALS AND THE NEW AGE

CHAKRAS/THE NEW AGE SPINS ON CHAKRAS

ASTROLOGY/THE NEW AGE KNOWS YOUR SIGN

CHANNELING/THE NEW AGE CHANGES CHANNELS

EMMANUEL SWEDENBORG

HELENA PETROVNA BLAVATSKY

ALICE BAILEY

EDGAR CAYCE

JANE ROBERTS

CRYSTALS

CRYSTAL LITERATURE

CRYSTALS, JEWELS, AND STONES: MAGIC AND SCIENCE

BY ISIDORE KOZMINSKY

PART ONE

CRYSTAL AND STONES IN THE BIBLE AND WORLD MYTHOLOGY

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

1. STUDY OF PRECIOUS STONES IN EARLY TIMES

Inspiration and Knowledge: Experiments on Sensitives: Gems and Color Attractions: Ancient Gem Classification: Science Hermetic Among Ancient Nations: Punishment of the Peach Tree: Modern Classification.

2. THE MOST ANCIENT SCIENCE

Astrology: Colors of the Heavens.

3. THE EPHOD OF THE HIGH PRIEST

The Ephod of the High Priest: The Heavens, the Gates, the Caves: The Four Worlds.

4. THE BREASTPLATE OF JUDGMENT

5. INTERPRETATION OF THE BREASTPLATE ACCORDING TO ANCIENT PHILOSOPHY

6. THE STONES OF THE BREASTPLATE AND THE ZODIAC

7. OLD LEGENDS

The Legend of the Shamir: The Ring of Solomon: Rabbi Low Ben Bezalel and his Golem: The Automaton of Albertus Magnus: Diocletian and the Ostrich: Precious Stones as Gifts: Magical Stones: Meteorites: Precious Stones of the Buddhists.

8. STONES IN VARIOUS MYTHOLOGIES

The Dwelling Place of Indra: The Serpent King: The Chariot of Surya: Surya's Temple: Rama and the Bridge of Adam: The Avataras: The Temple Caves of Kanhari: Necklace of the King of Maabar: Jaipal's Necklace: The Buddhist Twelve Heavenly Jewels: The Treasures: The Offerings of the Four Deva Sagas: The Black Stone of Mecca: Roland and the Jewel of the Forest Knight: Irish Charm Stones: Dendrites: Garden Charms.

9. STONES AND THEIR STORIES

Abraxas Stones: Alectorius: Bezoar Stones: Draconite: Enhydros, or Hydrolite: Gnostic Stones: Iris: Lapis Armenus: Lapis Fulmonis: Lapis Memphiticus: The Luz or Luez: Mandarin's Jewels: Median Stone: Molochite: Ophites, or Snake Stones: Orite: The Ovum Anguinium: Pandarbes: Pantheros: The Philosopher's Stone: Polish Stones: Rings Bearing Stones of Invisibility: Ring of Pope Innocent III: Ring of Reynard: Ring of Solomon: Rock Crystallizations: Sagda: Sakhrat: Salamanders’ Wool: Sarcophagus: Saurite: Scorpion Stone: Toad Stones: The World Stone.

10. THE GREATEST CHARMS IN THE WORLD

The Scarabaeus: Use as a Talisman: Species of Beetles Represented: Royal Seals and the Origin of Coined Money: Inscriptions: Scarabei of Other Lands.

PART TWO

PRECIOUS AND SEMIPRECIOUS GEMS ARRANGED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER

11. AGATE–AMAZONITE

Agate: Types of Agates: Prophecy, Sight and Intuition: The Ring of Pyrrhus and the Muses: Designs Found Naturally in Agate Stones: Its Virtues and Uses: Significance in Dreams: Use in the Muslim World: The Trojan Aeneas: Alabaster: Uses in Ancient Egypt: Vessels of Alabaster in the Gospels: Canopic Jars: Oriental Alabaster: Use in Charms: The Sarcophagus of Seti I: The Book of the Gates: Alexandrite: Its Changing Colors: Symbol of Aquarius: Amazonite or Amazon Stone: The Women Warriors: Worship of the Moon: Diana and the Amazons.

12. AMBER–AZURITE

Amber: The Straw-Attractor: Uses in Medicine: Oil of Amber: Magical Uses: Legendary Origins: Phaethon's Sisters: Amber and Honey: Symbolism of Bees: The Celestial Sign of Amber: Imitations Thereof: Amethyst: Protection Against Intoxicants: Magnetism: Protection in War: Amethyst as a Symbol of Love of Truth: The Wedding Ring of the Virgin Mary: Uses in Charms: Its Zodiacal Significance: Anatase: Andalusite: Its Dichroism: Apatite: Its Various Colors: Apophyllite: Aquamarine: Asbestos: Use as Protection Against Fire: Aventurine: Axinite: Azurite.

13. THE BERYL FAMILY

The Beryl Family: Some Large Specimens: The Celestial Sign of the Beryl Family: Vauquelin's Discovery: Old Mines of Cleopatra: Women Searchers of Egypt: The Canopy of Holofernes: Stars of the Pleiades: Emerald and the Eyes: Pope John XXI and his Assertion: The Serpent's Gaze: Taurus, Scorpio and the Story of Eden: The True Venus: Reptiles of Overindulgence: Circe and the Swine: Diana, Goddess of the Moon: Virtues Ascribed to the Emerald: Esmeralda: The Dragon of the Emerald Mine: Prescott's Story: Pizarro's Large Emerald: The Trick of Pedraza: Indian Belief: Apollonius of Tyana and the Emerald of Iarchus: The Emerald in Rosicrucian Philosophy: Sweating Emeralds: Emeralds in Old Excavations: Esteem of the Romans: Persian Beliefs: Albertus Magnus, Cardanus and the Philosophy of the Masters: Medical Practitioners’ Stone in Brazil: Hindu Beliefs: The Heaven of the Muslims: The Inhabitants of Paradise: Paracelsus and the Emerald: Early Christian Emblem: Beryl in Magical Rites: The Tempest: Recommendation of Leonardus: Water Divination: Story of the Ring of Polycrates: Fish and Ring Stories: Herodotus and Old Writers on the Ring of Polycrates: Philip II and the Fatal Ring of Spain: Spain's Defeat by the United States of America and the Burial of the Ill-Omened Ring: Gift of Pope Adrian VIII to Henry II: Emerald of King Arthur: Pope Innocent's Present to King John: Swedenborg's Emerald Correspondence: The False Aquamarine Amongst the British Crown Jewels: The Fatal Emerald of Russia.

14. BALAS–CRYSOCOLLA

Balas: Bloodstone: Bone Turquoise: Cairngorm, an Ancient Cauterizer: Carbuncle: The Pathway of the Fourth Heaven Illuminated the Ark of Noah: A Burning Gem: The Magician of King Kajata: The Lustrous Carbuncle of Ceylon: Nathaniel Hawthorne's Story: Virtues of the Stone: A Captain's Talisman at Gallipoli: Carnelian and the Sard: Sensitiveness of these Stones: Sard Intaglios: Alaric the Goth and his Carnelian: Madame Blavatsky and the Shamans of Tartary: Occult Virtues of the Carnelian: Meaning in Rosicrucian Mysteries: Moslem Tradition: Catseye, its Curious Opalescence: Lore of the Catseye: Rabbi Ben Adoulah's Assertion: The Eye of Belus: Ceylonite: Chalcedony: Persian Cylinders: Signet of Darius: Early Identification by Albertus Magnus: Pliny's Description: Stone of St. Stephen: Virtues of the Chalcedony: Chalcedonyx: Chert: Chiastolite: Stone of St. James: Pedro the Cruel: Miguel Perez and the Blood-Red Cross: Marshal Soult's Plunder: The Stone of Columbus: Chrysoberyl, its Virtues: Crysocolla, A Musical Charm.

15. CHRYSOLITE–CRYSTAL

Chrysolite: Evening Emerald: The Ancient Amianthus: Banisher of Evil Influences: Stone of Inspiration: The Precious Stone: Chrysoprase: Stone of Dreams and Happiness: Bad Effect of Excessive Light: Cinnamon Stone: Citrine or False Topaz: Its Talismanic Virtues: Coal: Black Diamonds: Hauling Over the Coals: Tax on Coal: First Coal Licenses: Proclamation Against the Use of Coal: First Coal Exported to Paris: The Nature of Coral: Old Belief: Trevisa on the Coral: Coral Species: Perseus and the Medusa: The Work of the Sea-Nymphs: The Rising of the Love Goddess: The Evil Eye: Fascination: Roman Custom: Coral and Health: Dispeller of Evil Spirits: Incubi and Succubi: Dr. Hartmann's Testimony: Bartholomeus and the Wytches’ Stone: Mystical Properties Ascribed to Coral: Custom of Old Greek Sailors: Lemnius and Coral: The Gem of the Garden of Everlasting Life: A 17th Century Prescription: The Stone of the Dancers: Corundum: Cordierite: Crocidolite: Crystal: Early Use on Scarabei, Etc.: Trial of Psyche: The Ethiopian King and the Crystal Tombs: The Hapsburg Crystal Vases: Crystal in China and Japan: The Talisman of Concentration: The Medicine Indians: Australian Aboriginals and the Crystal: Rain Stone: The Coradgee: Crystallomancy amongst the Natives of Australia: Crystal Balls and the Sun's Rays: Dr. Babbitt's Remarks on the Convex Lens: Hydrolites: The Third Eye: An Antique Seal Ring: Crystals in the Highlands: Sir William Ridgeway on Crystals: Swedenborg's Stone of Truth.

16. THE DIAMOND

Arnott's Observation: Extreme Hardness: Boyle and Du Fay Prove Electrical Qualities: Dr. Kunz and Phosphorescence: Sir William Crooks on Radium and the Diamond: Experiments in Artificial Production by Marden, Moissan and Crooks: Sir Charles Parsons’ Conclusions: Search for the Absolute: Discovery of a Large Diamond at Jacob's Farm on the Orange River: Sir William Wodehouse's Purchase: Diamonds in Mud Bricks: Australian Diamonds: First Diamond Brought to Europe: Golconda: Brazil: Florentine Demonstration of the Truth of Boetius's Belief and Newton's Deductions: Boyle's Experiments at High Temperature: Averani Proves the Force of the Sun's Rays on a Diamond Easily Burned but Unaffected by Acids: The Gnomes of the Rosicrucians: Gnome Legends: Sir John Mandeville on the Diamond: Rabbi Benoni, Boetius de Boodt and the Hindu Writers: Es-Sindibad of the Sea and the Valley of Diamonds: Similar Stories: El-Kazweenee: Marco Polo: Mr. Marsden's Observations: Golconda: Little Princess Mary's Marriage Ring: Lord Lisle's Death Diamond: The Diamond Heart Ring of Mary, Queen of Scots: Queen Elizabeth and Sir Walter Raleigh: Diamond Saves the Life of Queen Isabella of Spain: Ex-President Kruger's Unlucky Diamond: King Arthur and the Diamond Jousts: The Affair of the Diamond Necklace: Indian Diamond Cutters: Louis Van Berghem: Charlemagne's Diamond Clasp: Herman the Lapidary: Peruzzi: Clement Birago and Jacopo Da Trezzo Enter the Service of Philip II: Pope Hildebrand and William Of Normandy: The Tale of the Yellow Dwarf: The Zodiacal Signs of the Diamond: The Diamond in Love and Marriage: Bort.

17. SOME FAMOUS AND WONDERFUL DIAMONDS AND THEIR STORIES

The Koh-I-Noor: Pitt or Regent: The Orloff: The Sancy: The Blue Hope: The Paul The First: The Dresden: The Nizam: The Cumberland: The Napoleon: The Eugenie: The Polar Star: The Shah: The Moon of the Mountains: Akbar Shah, or the Shepherd's Stone: The River of Light: The Grand Mogul: The Grand Table: The Nassak: The Pigott: The Pacha: The Tuscany: The Star of Este: The White Saxon: The Great White: The Mattam: The Star of the South: The English Dresden: The De Beers Diamonds: The Star of South Africa: The Jubilee: The Star of Africa or the Cullinan: The Braganza: The Tiffany: Star of Minas: The Arabian Death: The Moonstone.

18. DICHROITE–IOLITE AND THEIR STORIES

Dichroite: Dioptase: Disthene: Emerald: Enstatite: Epidote: Essonite: Euclase: Flint, The Stone of Early Man: Its Use in Ancient Egypt: Ethiopian Arrows: The Elf Dart: Fairy Stones: Chias, The First to Prove the Flashing of Struck Flint: Its Use in the Prevention of Nightmare: Holey Stones: Butler and the Hollow Flint: The Mara: The Garnet: Peculiarities: Dana's Classification: Succinite, a Harmony Charm: Grossularite, a Health Charm: Pyrope or Bohemian Garnet: Large Specimen in Saxon Regalia: Emperor Rudolph's Specimen: A Talisman of Friendship: Hope and Psychic Development: Spessartite, a Prayer Charm: Andradite, a Banisher of Unworthy Thoughts: Specimens Found Engraved with Angels’ Names: Ouvarovite: Garnets Affect Magnetic Needle: Greenstone: Grossularite: Hematite: Sotacus’ Classification of Hematite Varieties and their Accredited Virtues: Dana's Classification: Pliny's Recommendation: Use in Ancient Times: Mummy's Head-Rest: Andreas Balvancensis’ Idea: Stench Stone: Galen's Prescription: Hiddenite: Hornstone: Hyacinth: Virtues of the Hyacinth: The Jacinth Variety: Thomas De Cantempre's Description: Opinions of Leonardus and De Boodt: Francis Barrett's Comments: Observed Changes in the Stone: Avicenna's Comparison: The Hyacinth in the Garden of Peace and Amongst the Rosicrucian Jewels: Hydrophane: Hypersthene: Iolite.

19. JACINTH–LODESTONE

Jacinth: Jade: Jargoon: Maturan Diamond: Jasper: The Lydian Stone of the Ancients: The Heliotrope or Bloodstone Variety: Thomas Nicols and Artificial Infusions: St. Isidore on the Jasper: Legend of the Cross: Number Five and the Stone of the Virgin: Rare Works in Jasper: Galenus on its Virtues: The Anodyne Necklace: The Jasper Amulet of Nechepsos: The Wheel of Ezekiel: Jasper Sigils: Mottled Jasper, A Charm to Protect from Drowning: Zodiacal Reflections: The Stone of Victory: Trallianus and the Jasper: Van Helmont's Experiments: The Jasper Amongst the Jewels of the Rosicrucians: Jet: Kauri Gum: Kolophonite: Kunzite: Kyanite: Labradorite: Lapis Lazuli: Colors and Names: Persian Lajward, its Virtues: Its Place in The Book of the Dead: The Commandment Stones: Lapis Lazuli in China: Katherine II and her Palace Room: A Stone of the Alchemists: Limonite: Lodestone: Pliny's Story of its Discovery: How Termed by Titus Carus Lucretius: The Stone of Hercules: Legend of the Phoenicians: The Age of the Mariner's Compass: Construction of One by the Chinese Emperor Houangti: Pausanias and the Stone Image of Hercules: A Cramp Stone: A Divinatory Instrument: The Plan of Ptolemy Philadelphus: Professor Noad and the Power of The Lodestone: Barrett's Antipathies: Story of Claudianus: Magnet and the Onion.

20. MALACHITE–NEPHRITE

Malachite: Rosicrucian Symbol of Eternal Spring: Used in Antique Cameos and Intaglios: Virtues: A Sleep Stone: Marble, the Stone of Statues: Varieties: Emblem of Immortality: The Symbol of Mercury: The Image of Silenus: Meerschaum: Kavol Kowates Makes a Meerschaum Pipe: Melanite: Moonstone or Ceylon Opal: Indian Beliefs: Stone of Prophecy and Love: Specimen of Pope Leo X: Moss Agate: An Emblem of Resurrection: Orpheus's Advice: Mother of Emerald: Mother of Pearl: Nacre: Emblem of Women: Custom of the West Australian Native: Nephrite: Lapis Nephriticus or Kidney Stone: Sir Walter Raleigh's Description: Jade and Jadeite: Camphor Jade: Burmese Jade: Nephrite Charms: Chinese and Jade: Find Near Peking: The Nine Accomplishments and the Five Cardinal Virtues: Jade as a Preventive of Decay: Musical Jade Stones: The Lunar Festivals: Jade of the North, South, East and West: Its Healing Virtues: Buddha's Footmark: Symbol of Rulership: Adadu-Nephros or Kidney of Adonis: The 6 Varieties of the Maoris: The Hei Tiki: The Tahunga Stone and the Mere or Pattoo Pattoo: Damour's Chloromelanite: Pâté de Riz: Pink Jade: Ionan Jade: The Hysteria Stone at the New York Museum of Natural History.

21. OBSIDIAN–ONYX

Obsidian, a Natural Volcanic Glass: Ancient Egyptian Customs: Mexican Itztli: Statues in Obsidian: Used by Greeks and Romans: Obsidians: Obsidian Bombs: Bottle Stone: Mr. R. H. Walcott and his Term Obsidianites: Australites: Billitonites: Mr. F. Chapman's Theory: Superstitions of the Natives: Olivine: Derivation: Legend of the Sleeping Venus: The Gates: The Onyx Stones of the High Priest: Life and Earth Death: Antique Belief Noted by Mr. Phillips and its Meaning: Rabbi Benoni and the Master Ragiel: Eye Stones: A Charm of Beauty: Castor at the Tomb of Aphareus: Nicolo the Ægyptilla of the Ancients: Gibraltar Stone: The Mantuan Vase: El Jaza or Stone of Sadness: 5 Types of Onyx: An Onyx Staircase: Symbolical Meaning of the Strata: As Rosicrucian Stones: The Sainte Chapelle or Grand Camahieu Known as the Apotheosis of Augustus: Peiresc Corrects a False Belief: The Carpegna Cameo: The Coronation Cameo of Augustus: True Meaning and Derivation of the Word Cameo.

22. THE OPAL

The Opal in Astro-Philosophy: Varieties of Opal: Cacholong, the Opal of Friendship: Float Stone, the Lovers’ Opal: Girasol, the Fire Opal: Hyalite, the Eye Opal: Hydrophane, the Magic Opal: Menilite, the Liver Opal: Opal Jasper: Rose Opal: Semi-Opal, the Forest Opal: Tabasheer: Marco Polo's Account of the Expedition of the Great Khan: The Opal of Invulnerability and Remover of Dread: The Marvel of Transformation: The Opal In Myth and History: Petrus Arlensis Describes the Opal: Pliny's Poetical Opinion: The Paederos Child Beautiful as Love: The Orphan: Roman Senator and his Opal: Ophthalmios The Eye Stone: Opinion of Medieval Writers: The Bay Tree: Albertus Magnus and the Opals that Sparkled in Darkness: The Zodiacal Sign of Royalty and the Opal: Keraunios or the Thunder Stone: The Beauty Stone: The Stone of Hope, Achievement and Love: The Large Hungarian Opal: Australian Opal Fields: Sir David Brewster's Theory of Colors in Opals: Dr. G. F. H. Smith's Explanation: Sensitiveness of the Opal: Superstition Against Opal: The Plague at Venice: The Burning of Troy: The Crimean War: Scott's Anne of Geierstein: Combinations of Diamonds and Opals: Destruction of the Vanities at Florence: Story of the Opal of Alfonzo XII of Spain: A Cholera Stone Fatal to the King and to All Who Received it from Him According to Astrological Science: The Baron's Opal of Fortune: The Great Australian Opal—The Flame Queen.

23. PEARL

Pearl: How Produced: Symbolic Stories of the Ancients: Boethius and the River Pearls: Vishnu Creates Pearls: Pearls on the Ramayana: Sandius’ Contribution to the Royal Society of London in 1673: Sir Everard Home and Darwin on the Formation of Pearls: Mr. Kelaart's Reports to the Government of Ceylon: Researches of Professors Herdmann, Hornel and Seurat: The Time of Pearl Maturity: Home on the Luster of the Pearl: The Form of a Pearl: The Process of Skinning: Jerome and the Story of the Doves: The Pearl of Prince Imenheit: The Great Persian Pearl: The Hope Pearl: The Austrian Imperial Pearl: La Pellegrina: The Great Southern Cross: The Pearl of Phillip II of Spain: The Pearl of the King of Maabar: The Tibetan Prayer of Victory: King Jaipal's Necklace: The Famine in Egypt: Ebu Hesham's Account of the Tomb of Princess Tajah: Benvenuto Cellini and the Pearl Necklace of the Duchess of Florence: The Pearl Rope of Marie Alexandrovna: Pink Pearls: Red Pearls: A Death Rite Mentioned by Marco Polo: Pearls Used in Buddhist Ceremonies: Julius Caesar, an Expert in Pearls: The Breastplate of Venus Genetrix: Caesar's Gift to Servilla: Pearls in the Times of the Caesars: Seneca's Cynicism: Cleopatra's Pearls: Other Pearl Swallowers: Pearls and Jewels of Mary Queen of Scotland: Pearls in Hebraic and Arabian Legend: The Pearl in China: The Pearl in Medicine: The Angel Gabriel and the Pearl: The Pearl of Paradise: The Bishop of Chiapa Champions The Indian Pearl Divers: Size of the Old Pearl Fields: Value of Exports to Europe in 16th Century: The Persian Gulf: The Ceylon Fisheries: The Binder of Sharks: The Pearl Charm of the Divers: Classification of Pearls in Ceylon: The Red Sea Fisheries, The Source of Cleopatra's Pearls: The Australian Fisheries: Need for their Protection: Other Fisheries: Story of the Discovery of New Guinea Pearls: Town of the Nymphs: River Fisheries: A River Pearl in the British Crown: Shells of the Flood: Divers Beneath the Sea: The Folk Lore of the Pearl: Vishnu's Necklace of 5 Precious Stones: Emblems of Pearls: Pearls and Persons: Pearls and Lunar Numbers: A Madagascar Birth Custom: The Angel, Day, Sign and Planet of the Pearl: As a Dream Symbol: Prejudice and its Value: The Pearls of Linnaeus: Chinese and Japanese Culture Pearls: Pearl Faking: Coconut Pearls.

24. PERIDOT–RUBY

Peridot: Plasma: The Rewarding Hermes: Porphyry, its Introduction into Rome by Vitrasius Pollio: Prase or Mother of Emerald: Pyrite: The Pyrites Lithos of Isidore of Seville: A Primitive Firestone: Used for Firearms: The Seed of Minerals: Mundic of the Miners: Its Change to Vitriol in Mining Districts: Spinon of Theophrastus: French Pierre De Santé: Marcasite Used as a Jewel Ornament: Eden's Flowers of Metals: Pyrope: Quartz: Rubellite: Rubicelle: Ruby, the Corundum Family: The Term Oriental: The Mogok Mines: Lord of the Rubies: The Mine Eaters: The Dragon Lord: The King of Scilan's Ruby: Cosmas Indicopleustes: A Coronation Custom Described by Hatyon: Tears of Buddha: The Ruby Bowl of Arya Chakravarti: Colonel Alexander Gardener and the Fakir's Ruby: The King of Vishapoor's Ruby: Rubies Placed Under the Foundations of Buildings: Rubies in the Cho Keng Su: Pliny's Acausti: Practice of the Ethiopians: Anthrax Of Theophrastus: Duke of Devonshire's Ruby: Rubies Mentioned by Mr. C. W. King: Rabbi Ragiel's Talisman: Dragons Guardians of Ruby Mines: M. Rochefort's Story and the Ruby in the Dragon's Head: St. Margaret and the Dragon: Sheikh El Mohdy and the Ruby-Jeweled Dragon: Barthoveri and the Serpent: Dieudonné of Gozon and the Dragon of Rhodes: The Import of These Legends: St. George and St. Michael and the Dragons: Shrine of the Magi in Cologne Cathedral: The Sun and Christianity: The Names of the Magi: The Rosicrucian Classification: The Régale of France, from the Tomb of St. Thomas A’ Becket, Worn by Henry VIII: Vow of Louis VII of France and its Fulfillment at Canterbury: Swedenborg's Correspondence of the Ruby: Comtesse D'Anois’ Story of the Ruby Singing Apple: The Arabs and the Angel of the World: Persian Charm Against the Forces of Evil: The 4th Stone of the Nao-Rattan: Burmese Symbol of Reincarnation: A Ruby which Nearly Destroyed a Native State in India: Jeweled Rings on the Statue of St. Lambert at Liège Cathedral: Catharine of Aragon Reads Misfortune in her Ruby's Change of Color: Occult Virtues of the Ruby: Symbol of the Ruby in Dreams: Color Phenomena Displayed by a Ruby: The Star Ruby: The Hunter and the Ruby.

25. RUTILE–SAPPHIRE

Rutile, Veneris Crinis or Hair of Venus, Net of Thetis, Flèches D'Amour or Love's Arrows: Its Composition and Place in the Zodiac: Sapphire: Its Ancient Name: Male and Female: Favored Colors: The Sapphire Fields: Messrs. Rand and Dunstan on the Central Queensland Fields at Anakie: Minerals Found Associated with Sapphire: Dishonest Trade Classification: Large Sapphires: A Holy Gem: Sacred To Phoebus: Solinus and the Sign Aquarius: The Sapphire and the Eyes: Medicine Administered Astrologically: Porta on the Sapphire: Boetius and the Priestly Stone: Pope Innocent III Recommends It as a Bishop's Stone: Intaglio of Pope Paul III: St. Jerome on the Sapphire: A Stone of the People Worn by the King: King Solomon's Sapphire: Saved from the Sack of Jerusalem: The Stone of Moses: Constantine's Sapphire: Buddhists and the Sapphire: Its Place in the Nao-Rattan and the Necklace of Vishnu: Falls from the Dead Eyes of Maha Bali: Lady Scroope Throws the Sapphire Ring from the Window of Queen Elizabeth's Death Chamber: The Sepher of Solomon: The Book of Wings: Talismanic Sapphires: The Sapphire Dream: The Asteriated Sapphire: The Sapphire and the Zodiac.

26. SARDONYX–SUCCINITE

Sardonyx: Schorl: Selenite: Comparisons by Marbodus and Malpleat: Pliny's Account: Ancient Use of Selenite: Used in the Palace at Peking: Dr. John Goad and the Selenite of Pope Clement VIII: Selenite amongst the Greeks: Trevisa's Narrative: Selenites or Lunary Men: A Love Attractor: A Curious Talisman: Selenite and Pearls: Serpentine or Hydrinus: Identified with the Tharshish Stone: The Ophite Stone of Dioscorides and Pliny: Agricola Knows It as Lapis Serpentius: The Ranochia of Italian Artists: A Cure for Rheumatic Affections, etc.: Used by the Ancients for Fashioning Ornaments and Charms: A Talisman of Capricorn: Used in the Making Of Scarabs and Cylinders: Soapstone or Steatite: Its Extensive Use in Ancient Egypt: Pinite: The Agalmatolite or Pagodite Called by the Chinese Hao-Chi: Lucky Figures and Emblems: A Savage Food: Sphene or Titanite: Spinel or Balas Ruby: Varieties: Phenomena of the Spinel: Albertus Magnus: Andrea Bacci: The Palace of the Ruby: Marco Polo's Story: Lal Rumani of the Indians: The King of Oude's Specimen: The Lal-I-Jaladi: The Black Prince's Ruby and its Story: Sir James Melville and Queen Elizabeth's Fair, Great Ruby: Love of Queen Elizabeth for Spinels: Robert De Berquen at the Court of the King of Persia: Spinels and Corundums in River Gravels: Elianus and the Story of the Stork: Its Symbolic Import: An Ancient Medical Custom: A Health Stone: A Garden Charm: Spodumene: Hiddenite: Kunzite: Radium Influence On Spodumene and Kunzite: Succinite.

27. TITANITE–TOPAZ

Titanite: Topaz: The Mystery of the Island of the Mists: The Ring of Thomas A’ Becket Called a Peritot by the Abbot of Glastonbury: The Meaning of the Word Topaz: Its Remarkable Cleavage: Its Use in Ancient and Modern Medicine: Topaz Rhombicus of the Mineralogists: M. Dumelle Discovers How to Change the Color of a Topaz: Pingos d'Agoa, Gouttes d'Eau, Minas Novas: Diamond of Slaves: 12 Lbs. of Topaz for Three Shillings: How Queen Mary's Great Blue Topaz Was Found: The Topazion Statue of Ptolemy Philadelphus: The Ptolemaic Badge: Hadrian's Topaz: Topaz of the Grand Mogul and Runyeet Singh: A Giant Emperor's Pleasure: Some Old Intaglios: Pliny's Stone of Strength: A Stone Against Death and Terror: Symbol of Boiling Water: A Charm Against Drowning: A Modern Illustration: Rabbi Benoni: Book of Winds: Topaz Charms.

28. TOURMALINE–ZIRCON

Tourmaline: Arrival of Specimens in London: The Ash Attractor: The Electric Stone of Linnaeus: The Magnetic of Lemery: Experiments of Aepinus and Lehmann: Professor Goodchild's Experiment: Suspected Connection of the Tourmaline with Oriental Alchemy: Colors Of The Tourmaline: The Tourmaline and the Topaz in Methylene Iodide: Identification Suggestions: Pliny's Lychnis: The Caduceus of Hermes: Turquoise: Saxo and Albertus Magnus on Its Virtues: The Piruzeh of the Arabians: The Chalchihuitl Of The Mexicans: Identified With Pliny's Callais: A Favorite Oriental Charm Stone: A Symbolic Theory of Origin: Stone of the Horse and Rider: A Religious Gem of Jupiter: A Charm against the Evil Eye: A Sensitive Stone: Mistakes of Writers: Medicinal Values: Turquoise Set in Statues of Buddha: The Golden Bow and Turquoise Arrow: Gem of the Gods: Color Changes in Turquoise: Turquoise and the Weather: Indian Rain-Stone: King Tcheser and the Turquoise Mines: Major C. Mac Donald and Professor Flinders Petrie Discover the Old Turquoise Workings: Love of the Turquoise in Old Egypt: Some Unique Stones: The Gem in Persia: The Khorassan Mines: Stone of Fashion in 17th Century Europe: Death Stone of James IV of Scotland: Henry VIII Sends a Last Gift to Cardinal Wolsey: Marbodus’ Turquoise Talisman of Freedom: Difference Between De Vielle Roche and De Nouvelle Roche: Variscite: Identified as the Callaina of Pliny: Mane Er H'Rock or Fairy Rock of Brittany: Zircon: Stone of the Moon's Nodes: The Snakes of the Caduceus.

PART THREE

STONES IN ASTROLOGY, MAGIC, AND HERALDRY

29. STONES IN MAGIC AND AS SYMBOLS

Gems in Heraldry: Magical Squares of Abra Melin the Mage: Charubel's Gem Influences: Gems of Countries.

30. THE INEVITABLE LAW OF TRANSMUTATION

Champions of Progress, Xenophanes, Plato, Aristotle, Zeno, Leonardo Da Vinci and their Speculations: The Harnessing of Invisible Agencies: The Way of the Spirit: Destiny, the Law: Point of Union of Forces Known to the Hermetic Philosophers: Universal Order and Harmony.

APPENDIX A. STONES IN SHAKESPEARE'S PLAYS

APPENDIX B. FORMS, COMPOSITIONS, CHARACTERISTICS, ZODIACAL CLASSIFICATION, AND PLACES OF ORIGIN

ILLUSTRATIONS

EIGHT PAGE COLOR INSERT

THE GREAT OPAL—THE FLAME QUEEN

The Jack Plane Collection (Photo by David Plane).

LABRADORITE CRYSTAL

CARNELIAN

MALACHITE

CRYSTAL DISPLAY AT SEVEN STARS

SERPENTINE CROCODILE AND CRYSTALS

Seven Stars Collection.

AZURITE CRYSTAL

AMETHYST CRYSTAL

AMBER NECKLACE

Seven Stars Collection.

SEVEN STARS BOOKSTORE INTERIOR

HIEROGLYPHICS FROM E. A. WALLIS BUDGE

A PERFECT SPECIMEN OF THE ENGLISH GOLD NOBLE (1344)

In the Kelsey I. Newman Collection. Traditionally stated to have been made from Alchemical Gold.

TABELLÆ CORELLATÆ

GAZING CRYSTAL ON DRAGON STAND

Presented to the Author by the late Judge Casey of Victoria, Australia.

HOROSCOPE OF KRUGER

HOROSCOPE OF ISABELLA II

HOROSCOPE OF NICHOLAS II

HOROSCOPE OF JAMES II

INSPIRATION

Marble Group in Central Hall, Art Institute, Chicago. Signed—Kathleen Beverly Robinson. Memorial to Florence Jane Adams. Presented by Friends and Pupils of Mrs. Adams, 1915.

OLD MAORI CHARM OF GREENSTONE KNOWN AS HEI TIKI

THE ARGONAUTS CONSULTING HYGIEIA

Kelsey I. Newman Collection.

HOROSCOPE OF ALFONZO XII

RITUAL AND MAGICAL PEARLS

Private Collection.

HOROSCOPE OF MARY OF SCOTLAND

HOROSCOPE OF ELIZABETH OF ENGLAND

HOROSCOPE OF HENRY VIII OF ENGLAND

SPECIMEN OF ROUGH TURQUOISE

Victoria, Australia

HOROSCOPE OF SHAKESPEARE

FOREWORD

BY HANNAH FINNE

Isidore Kozminsky's classic study, The Magic and Science of Jewels and Stones , was first published in 1922. This greatly expanded edition—retitled Crystals, Jewels, Stones: Magic & Science— will serve as an invaluable resource to anyone seeking knowledge of the spiritual and mythic properties of the mineral world.

Isidore Israel Kozminsky was born in Melbourne, Australia, in 1870 to a family of Prussian Jews. His father, Simon Kozminsky, immigrated to Australia by way of London. The Kozminsky jewelry store, which he established, today remains one of Australia's best-known and most respected jewelers. Raised amidst the late nineteenth-century Australian gold rush, Isidore Kozminsky was knowledgeable and passionate about gemstones of all varieties—and, in particular, the wealth of beautiful specimens being produced in his homeland.

In addition to his expertise with stones, Isidore was exceedingly well-informed concerning occult and esoteric tradition; he was a prolific author and a reputed member of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Among his many well-respected works are Numbers Their Meaning and Magic, The Paths of the Kabala, and Zodiacal Symbology and its Planetary Power. In the latter work, he describes symbolic images for each degree of the zodiac. Although less well-known than the similar Sabian symbol set, Kozminsky's symbols remain an important tool for many modern astrologers.

In Crystals, Jewels, Stones: Magic & Science, Kozminsky offers a well-rounded and thorough resource for the study of gemstones. He draws from a variety of sources and multiple traditions to address every facet of his topic, giving the reader a wealth of information on the history, uses, and qualities of stones both mythical and real.

Kozminsky begins by considering ancient philosophy concerning stones—in particular the relationships between crystals and astrological symbolism. He addresses Biblical gemstone lore with an in-depth discussion of the stones upon the Breastplate of the High Priest of Israel as described in the Book of Exodus. He weighs contrasting accounts of which stone sat in which position on the Breastplate in order to present a thorough and well-reasoned case for his own interpretation, as well as an explanation of its astrological and symbolic significance.

A variety of myths and legends concerning stones follow, drawn from all parts of the world. Kozminsky carefully examines the relationship between mineral fact and fiction. Whenever possible, the author—ever a relentless academic—cites the probable background of legends, drawing comparisons across cultures and through time to explain the evolution of societal beliefs about particular crystals. Though he is deeply respectful of these ideas, Kozminsky consistently dispels superstitious beliefs about cursed stones. This is particularly notable in his fascinating section on the histories of various famous (and infamous) diamonds. Beautifully rendered birth charts for many notable individuals whose lives were affected for better or worse by the jewels they wore provide concrete examples of the astrological effects of gemstones.

An alphabetical listing of significant stones includes information about the chemical and physical properties of important gems, as well as mythical, medical, and magical lore accrued through the ages. This well-researched, carefully organized, and thorough section is an invaluable reference, particularly when paired with the straightforward lists of stones’ properties and astrological associations found in the appendices.

Addressing the cultural and magical context of stones, Kozminsky examines the heraldic and national associations of gems, and provides material excerpted from esteemed magical texts. From The Book of the Sacred Magic of Abra Melin the Mage, Kozminsky includes several symbolic Magical Squares related to various stones. From Charubel's work, The Psychology of Botany, Minerals and Precious Stones, he shares invocations and sacred seals used to unlock the occult virtues of assorted jewels. Finally, he offers a guide to mentions of gemstones in Shakespeare's works, organized by stone and cited by play, act, and scene.

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Ibis Press is delighted to offer you this new edition of Kozminsky's work, which has been edited to improve its clarity and accuracy without altering or abridging its content. Spellings have been modernized, Americanized, and made consistent through the text, and every effort has been made to correct typographical errors from the original. Although some changes have been made to the structure of the book to improve clarity, all of the original material remains.

We have replaced the color images from the original edition with updated photography in order to provide the reader with the highest-quality visual references for the crystal and stones Kozminsky describes. Several of the unique black and white photographs of rare collector pieces that Kozminsky provided have been retained.

Most importantly, we have included Crystals and the New Age by Stuart Weinberg, a noted expert on crystals and gemstones, and the owner of Seven Stars bookstore in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Calling on knowledge gained through his years of buying and selling crystals in the New Age market, Weinberg examines the many ways in which gemstones have become a powerful magical and economic factor in the contemporary spiritual movement. He introduces several traditions within which crystals are commonly used, and offers a list of suggestions for further reading.

Weinberg's primary contributions, however, are his biographies of those legitimate channels who have shaped the New Age as we know it. Channels are individuals who act as a conduit for knowledge from an invisible source, often spiritual or angelic. Weinberg's essay explores the question of what makes a channel credible by looking at the lives of five individuals whose work shows the greatest evidence of authenticity. The work of these five channels—Emmanuel Swedenborg, Helena Blavatsky, Alice Bailey, Edgar Cayce, and Jane Roberts—built and expanded upon the foundations of the New Age, and heralded the expansion of human consciousness.

Weinberg considers what sets these individual apart from the myriad others who claim spiritual inspiration for their writings. His intimate biographies of their lives and work offer fascinating and illuminating accounts of revolutionary spiritual thinkers who have stood the test of time.

By tracing the lineage and legacy of channeling from the eighteenth century to the modern day, Weinberg also offers a new perspective on the often confusing associations of certain stones within astrological, planetary, and magical systems. Psychic wisdom, conveyed through a human agent, is responsible for many of the associations of certain crystals within astrological, planetary, and magical systems. However, the proliferation of such channels through the ages has led to disagreements over the correct lists of signs and stones. Where Kozminsky addresses this multiplicity of lists by examining their historical contexts to determine those most likely to have an authentic, ancient source, Weinberg looks at the problem in terms of the authenticity of the channels who created them. His suggested reading list gives his personal recommendations for those crystal channels he finds most accurate.

Weinberg's portrayal of the New Age as an evolving, vital movement helps show why crystals are as relevant today as they were when Kozminsky's book was first published nearly a century ago.

Crystals, Jewels, Stones: Magic & Science is a must-have for anyone who, like the authors, is captivated by the variety and beauty of the mineral realm. As a scientific and magical sourcebook, it is beyond compare. We hope you find it to be an enjoyable and accessible read, and a useful reference volume.

CRYSTALS AND THE NEW AGE

STUART WEINBERG

The New Age is both a vision and a market place. In each case it is vast and encompassing. The vision encompasses a multiplicity of religious and spiritual traditions, intersects scientific thought, and integrates an array of tools and techniques for analysis and strategy: personal, social, global, and interplanetary. It tends to modulate its vision; its interface with traditional creeds is nuanced and selective. It tolerates diversity and disagreement within and for the most part ignores critique from without. It is targeted by a few, notably evangelical Christians, scientists, and skeptics. It generates literature, products, and services on a large scale. And while traditionalists and the disinterested significantly outnumber its adherents and devotees, it is nevertheless a cultural and economic force.

Crystals emerged in the New Age market in the 1980s, changing the demographics of New Age retail. During this period, Occult bookstores gradually morphed into New Age gift shops with books. On the one side the tight mark-up of new books, a growing dominance of screens in our culture, and an aggressive market share strategy of Amazon and Barnes and Noble squeezed the Independent Bookseller. On the other side, an array of products with retail-friendly profit margins evolved in the metaphysical arena. In this regard Crystals were very retail-friendly.

The precedent for the sale of crystals and mineral specimens was the rock shop. The clientele were collectors and rock hounds; the program was search and display. The New Age pragmatized the Mineral Kingdom. Crystals were integrated into healing modalities, meditative frameworks, and shamanic techniques. Traditions utilizing crystals were rediscovered and reconfigured. These renewed traditions caught miners’ attention, offering them a new market for their product, especially the numerous stones found in Arkansas and Brazil. Retailers competed for early looks at distributors’ shipments. As demand grew, what had been friendly competition developed a commercial edge.

***

Within the context of the modern New Age, three elements were crucial for the developing body of crystal literature which in turn expanded the volume of crystal sales, and increased the prominence of crystals and minerals in the New Age market. These three elements are the chakras, astrology, and channeling.

Much contemporary crystal literature integrates chakra and astrological associations for specific crystals without any discussion of the two systems. The following includes rudimentary discussions of the chakras and astrology to introduce the reader to the reasoning behind these associations. As some crystal literature relies on channeling to assign properties, meanings and functions to specific crystals and minerals, biographical sketches of five channels who helped to establish the paradigm for channeling for the modern New Age era are also included. Finally, a selected bibliography of crystal literature provides suggestions for further reading in the field.

The New Age Spins on Chakras

Chakra, from the Sanskrit, translates as Wheel, Disk, Vortex, or Center. Wheels turn, disks rotate, and vortices spin. Chakras are centers of energy configured through the etheric body—a body of light, rarely visible, which reflects and infuses the physical body. This etheric body is composed of strands and streams of light, converging and diverging. Intense convergences, interlacing strands and streams of light, create wheel-like configurations within the body of light. These are the chakras.

The seven chakras are located in line, from the base of the spine to the crown: base, sexual/sacral, solar plexus, heart, throat, the third eye (in the forehead,) and the crown. The glands in the physical body express chakra activity in the etheric. From base to crown, the corresponding glands are: adrenals, gonads, pancreas, thymus, thyroid, pituitary, and pineal. As the influence of the glands plays through internal organs, the chakras’ résumé grows.

The floral metaphor works well with the chakra system. Each chakra is represented as a core surrounded by petals. The cores hold distinctive geometrical configurations, and the petals vary in number. From base to crown, the numbers of petals are: 4, 6, 10, 12, 16, 96, and 972.

Color, too, forms a spectrum: infrared to ultraviolet. From base to crown, the chakras reflect this spectrum; the chakras are, respectively, red, orange, yellow, green, light blue, deep blue, and purple. The borders of the chakras are black at the base, ranging to white to translucent at the crown.

Crystals express the vibrancy, aesthetic, and range of color very well; color and geometry are two keynotes of the mineral kingdom. As such, from chakra to color to crystal and back, crystals can be set in an etheric framework with therapeutic applications. Crystals heal, and in specific ways based on chakra-gland correlation.

The strands and streams of light of the etheric body form three prominent channels flowing through and linking the seven chakras. The central channel is called the sushumna; the ida and pingala are subsidiary channels intersecting the sushumna at certain chakra points. A serpentine flow of energy, kundalini, moves through these channels, vitalizing the chakras and causing them to spin. Spinning chakras are a gauge of personal transformation.

The vibratory alignment of crystals through color to chakras, may enhance vitalization and spin. Crystals hold dimensions of power in a framework of personal development and spiritualization.

The New Age Knows your Sign: Astrology

The zodiac is a circle drawn in space, surrounding our Solar System. The 360-degree wheel is divided into twelve 30-degree arcs. These are the Signs of the Zodiac, Aries through Pisces. Astrology is geocentric. From the earth, an astrologer views the Sun, Moon, and 8 planets as moving in orbit within the Zodiac wheel. To chart a birth, astrology stops the orbital movement of the Sun, Moon and planets, locating each within a 30-degree arc or Sign, and more precisely each in a degree of that arc or Sign.

Moreover, for a given birth time and place, astrology assumes another division of the circle drawn in space. This division, twelvefold as well, overlaps the Zodiac wheel. There are two axes: one from east to west, called the ascendant-descendant, the other from north to south, the zenith-nadir. These lines intersect, creating four quadrants with three segments each. These segments are known as the Houses. Starting from the eastern axis point, the ascendant, the Houses number one to twelve. The beginning point, or the cusp, of each of the Houses aligns with a degree of an arc or Sign, as do the planets. Therefore, the Sun, Moon and planets are located within a House as well as a Sign.

The twelve meanings of the Signs and Houses are sequential (Aries through Pisces, one through twelve,) and shared: Aries aligned with the First House through Pisces aligned with the Twelfth House. The sequence suggests personal evolution through socialization. The Solar System reflects the twelvefold set of meanings as well. The distribution and sequence, however, have some nuance. The Sun, Moon and eight planets—ten in all—link to twelve Signs and Houses. Moreover, the order of association is not linear.

From another perspective, astrology offers a linear division of the Solar System. In proximity to the earth, with relatively fast orbital movement, are the Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, and Mars. These bodies are intimately linked to persona through Sign and House location. The dualities resonate: Sun and Moon, will and emotion; Venus and Mars, attraction and aggression. Mercury represents attunement and manipulation in the proximate environment. Though further away, Jupiter and Saturn, another duality, are principles of expansion and contraction.

The outer triad—Uranus, Neptune and Pluto—express dynamics of change. Uranus is a lightning bolt; Neptune, gradual and fluid erosion. Pluto is orgasmic, representing transformation from inside out. The slow orbital movement of these outer planets suggests generational influence through Sign location. House position, on the other hand, is personal.

Astrology is deeply geometric. At a given birth time, the locations of the Sun, Moon, and planets at specific degrees on the 360-degree wheel in space measure variant degree or arc separations from one another. Certain arcs, in approximation, create angular relations between planets. Prominent angles for Astrology are, in degrees of arc: 0, 60, 90, 120, and 180. These relations, called aspects, are respectively known as: conjunction, sextile, square, trine, and opposition.

An approximate arc of 90 degrees creates a side of a square; the dynamic between planets is blocked, or excessive to overcome the block. An approximate arc of 120 degrees is a side of a triangle; the dynamic between planets is fluid and benign. Squares and oppositions tend to express challenges, while trines and sextiles express skills, gifts, and opportunity. Aspects are the core of Astrology, integrating the three systems of Sign, House, and Planets into the complexity of character and experience.

Crystals and Astrology

Specific crystals and minerals are linked to each of the twelve signs. From the vantage point of marketing, an individual generally buys the stone associated with his or her sun sign, or perhaps one's partner's sun sign. The decision to purchase a particular crystal because it lines up with the sign one's Mars is in, or the sign of one's ascendant in the western astrological system is unlikely.

Crystal literature varies in aligning minerals and crystals with each of the signs.