Introduction to

Optimum Design
Cheng-Liang Chen
PSE
LABORATORY
Department of Chemical Engineering
National TAIWAN University
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Introduction to Design
Several systems can usually accomplish the same task,
and some are better than others
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Introduction to Design
Any problem in which certain parameters need to be
determined to satisfy constraints can be formulated as
an optimum design problem
The design of systems can be formulated as problems
of optimization where a measure of performance (eg.,
utility consumption, TAC, prot) is to be optimized
while satisfying all the constraints (eg., market demand,
feedstock of raw material; MB/EB)
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Iterative Design Process
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Iterative Design Process
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Iterative Design Process
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Iterative Design Process
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Iterative Design Process
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Iterative Design Process
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Iterative Design Process
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Conventional Design Process
vs Optimum Design Process
Conventional Design:
An objective function measuring
system performance is not
identied
Trend information is not
calculated to make design
decisions for improving systems
Most decisions are made based
on designers experience and
intuition
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Conventional Design Process
vs Optimum Design Process
Optimum Design:
Optimum design process forces
designer to identify explicitly
a set of design variables, a
cost function to be minimized
(a performance function to be
optimized), and constraints for
the system
( proper math formulation)
Using trend information to make
decisions
Aided by designers interaction
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Basic Terminology and Notation
US-British SI Units
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Basic Terminology and Notation
US-British SI Units
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Basic Terminology and Notation
US-British SI Units
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Basic Terminology and Notation
Sets and Points
A point or vector in n-dimensional space
x =
_

_
x
1
x
2
.
.
.
x
n
_

_
=
_
x
1
x
2
x
n
_
T
(x
1
, x
2
, , x
n
)
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Basic Terminology and Notation
Sets and Points
Geometrical representation for the set
S =
_
x = (x
1
, x
2
) | (x
1
4)
2
+ (x
2
4)
2
9
_
Note: (0, 0) S, (3, 3) S
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Basic Terminology and Notation
Notation for Constraints
The set S denes points within and on the circle of
radius 3 centered at (4, 4)
S =
_
x = (x
1
, x
2
) | (x
1
4)
2
+ (x
2
4)
2
9
_
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Basic Terminology and Notation
Norm/Length of A Vector
(x y) = x
T
y =
n

i=1
x
i
y
i
||x|| =

x x =

x
T
x =

_
n

i=1
x
2
i
x y = ||x||||y|| cos
y = Ax =
n

i=1
a
(i)
x
i
y
i
=
n

j=1
a
ij
x
j
x
T
Ax = (x Ax) =
n

i=1
x
i
_
_
n

j=1
a
ij
x
j
_
_
=
n

i=1
n

j=1
a
ij
x
i
x
j
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Basic Terminology and Notation
Functions
f(x) = f(x
1
, x
2
, , x
n
)
g
i
(x) = g
i
(x
1
, x
2
, , x
n
)
g(x) =
_
g
1
(x) g
2
(x) g
m
(x)
_
T
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Basic Terminology and Notation
Continuous and Discontinuous Functions
A function f(x) of n variables is called continuous at a point x

if
for any > 0, there is a > 0 such that |f(x) f(x

)| <
whenever ||x x

|| <
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Thank You for Your Attention
Questions Are Welcome