MATLAB

Array and Matrix Operations

Cheng-Liang Chen
PSE
LABORATORY
Department of Chemical Engineering
National Taiwan University
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 1
Subscript and Index
A =
1st col 2nd col 3rd col 4th col 5th col
1st row 4
1
5
6
1
11
6
16
2
21
2nd row 8
2
2
7
9
12
4
17
7
22
3rd row 7
3
5
8
7
13
1
18
5
23
4th row 0
4
3
9
4
14
5
19
4
24
5th row 2
5
3
10
1
15
0
20
3
25
A(i,j) = A(i+(j-1)m) (stored as 1D vector)
A(2,3) = A(12)
A(4:5, 2:3) = A([9 14; 10 15])
A(1:5,5) = A(:,5) = A(21:25) =
A(1:end,end) = A(:,end) = A(21:end)
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 2
One-Dimensional Array: Vector
>> g = [3, 7, 9]
g =
3
7
9
>> g = [3; 7; 9]
g =
3
7
9
>> g = [3
7
9]
g =
3
7
9
>> r = [2, 4, 20];
>> w = [9, -6, 3];
>> u = [r, w]
u =
2 4 20 9 -6 3
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 3
>> x = [0: 2: 8]
x =
0 2 4 6 8
>> x = [0: 2: 9]
x =
0 2 4 6 8
>> x = [8: -2: 0]
x =
8 6 4 2 0
>> x = [0: 4]
x =
0 1 2 3 4
>> x = linspace(0,8,5)
x =
0 2 4 6 8
>> x = logspace(-1, 1, 4)
x =
0.1000 0.4642 2.1544 10.000
% 4 equally-spaced pts 10^{-1}-10^{1}
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 4
Two-Dimensional Arrays: Matrix
A = [2, 4, 10; 16, 3, 7]
A =
2 4 10
16 3 7
a = [1, 3, 5]
a =
1 3 5
b = [7, 9, 11]
b =
7 9 11
c = [a b]
c =
1 3 5 7 9 11
d = [a; b]
d =
1 3 5
7 9 11
d = [[1, 3, 5]; [7, 9, 11]]
d =
1 3 5
7 9 11
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 5
Array Addressing
>> B = [ 2, 4,10,13;
16, 3, 7,18;
8, 4, 9,25;
3,12,15,17]
B =
2 4 10 13
16 3 7 18
8 4 9 25
3 12 15 17
>> C = B(2:3, 1:3)
C =
16 3 7
8 4 9
>> B(3,:) = []
B =
2 4 10 13
16 3 7 18
3 12 15 17
>> B([1 4],2:3) = 5
B =
2 5 5 13
16 3 7 18
3 12 15 17
0 5 5 0
>> B(2,6) = 6
B =
2 5 5 13 0 0
16 3 7 18 0 6
3 12 15 17 0 0
0 5 5 0 0 0
>> A = B(:,3:-1:1)
A =
5 5 2
7 3 16
15 12 3
5 5 0
>> D = A([2,2,2],:)
D =
7 3 16
7 3 16
7 3 16
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 6
Using clear to Avoid Errors
>> A = [2, 5; 6, 9];
>> x = [1:5];
>> A(:, 1) = x
----> error (row numbers in
A and x must be the same !)
>> A = [2, 5; 6, 9];
>> x = [1:5];
>> clear A
>> A(:, 1) = x
A =
1
2
3
4
5
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 7
Some Useful Array Functions
A = [6,2; -10,-5; 3,0]
x = max(A), y = min(A), ...
z = size(A),k = length(A)
A =
6 2
-10 -5
3 0
x = % max value of
6 2 % each column
y = % min value of
-10 -5 % each column
z =
3 2
k =
3
A = [6,2; -10,-5; 3+4i,0]
x = max(A), y = min(A), ...
z = size(A),k = length(A)
A =
6.0000 2.0000
-10.0000 -5.0000
3.0000 + 4.0000i 0
x = % max magnitude
-10 -5
y = % min magnitude
3.0000+4.0000i 0
z =
3 2
k =
3
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 8
Command Description
cat(n,A,B,C,...) Creates a new array by concatenating A,B,... along dimension n
nd(x) Computes an array containing indices of nonzero elements of array x
[u,v,w]=nd(A) Computes arrays u,v containing row and column indices of nonzero elements of matrix A, and the
array w containing values of nonzero elements. (w may be omitted)
length(A) Computes either the number of elements of A if A is a vector or the largest value of m or n if A is
an mn matrix
linspace(a,b,n) Creates a row vector of n equally spaced values between a and b
logspace(a,b,n) Creates a row vector of n logarithmically spaced values between a
and b
max(A) Returns a row vector containing largest element in each column of A
[x,k] = max(A) Stores max(A) in x and indices in k
min(A) Same as max(A) but returns minimum values
[x,k] = min(A) Stores min(A) in x and indices in k
size(A) Returns a row vector [m n] containing the sizes of the mn array
sort(A) Sorts each column of array A in ascending order and returns an array the same size as A
sum(A) Sums the elements in each column of array A and returns a row vector containing the sums
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 9
Test Your Understanding
T2.1-1 For the matrix B, nd the array that results from the
operation [B; B

]. Use MATLAB to determine what number is in

row 5, column 3 of the result.
B =
_

_
2 4 10 13
16 3 7 18
8 4 9 25
3 12 15 17
_

_
T2.1-2 For the same matrix B, use MATLAB to (a) nd the
largest and smallest element in B and their indices and (b) sort
each column in B to create a new matrix C.
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 10
Multi-dimensional Arrays
A = [4, 6, 1;
5, 8, 0;
3, 9, 2];
A(:,:,2) = [6, 2, 9;
0, 3, 1; 4, 7, 5]
A(:,:,1) =
4 6 1
5 8 0
3 9 2
A(:,:,2) =
6 2 9
0 3 1
4 7 5
A = [8, 2; 9, 5];% 2x2
B = [4, 6; 7, 3];% 2x2
C = cat(1,A,B); %C=[A;B]
D = cat(2,A,B); %D=[A,B]
E = cat(3,A,B); %E(:,:,1)=A
C, D, E %E(:,:,2)=B
C =
8 2
9 5
4 6
7 3
D =
8 2 4 6
9 5 7 3
E(:,:,1) =
8 2
9 5
E(:,:,2) =
4 6
7 3
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 11
Array (Element-by-Element) Operations
Symbol Operation Form Example
+ Scalar-array addition A+b [6,3]+ 2 =[8, 5]
- Scalar-array subtraction A-b [6,3]- 2 =[4, 1]
+ Array addition A+B [6,3]+[3,8] =[9,11]
- Array subtraction A-B [6,3]-[3,8] =[3,-5]
.* Array multiplication A.*B [3,2].*[2,4]=[6, 8]
./ Array right division A./B [4,8]./[2,4]=[2, 2]
.\ Array left division A.\B [2,4].\[4,8]=[2, 2]
.^ Array exponent A.^B [3,5].^2 =[9,25]
2.^[3,5] =[8,32]
[3,2].^[2,3]=[9, 8]
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 12
Example: Vectors and Relative Velocity
A train is heading east at 60 miles per hour. A car approaches the track crossing
at 45 miles per hour on a road that makes a 55
o
angle with the track. What is the
velocity of the train relative to the car ? What is the speed of the train relative to
the car ?
Solution:
The trains velocity v
R
relative to the car is the dierence between the trains
velocity relative to the ground v
T
and the cars velocity relative to the ground v
C
v
R
= v
T
v
C
Choosing the x direction to be east, and y north,
v
T
= 60i + 0j
v
C
= 45 cos(55
o
)i + 45 sin(55
o
)j
= 25.8109i + 36.8618j
v
R
= v
T
v
C
= 34.1891i 36.8618j (miles/hour) (south-east)
s
R
=
_
(34.1891)
2
+ (36.8618)
2
= 50.2761 (miles/hour)
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 13
v_T = [60, 0];
v_C = [45*cos(55*pi/180), 45*sin(55*pi/180)];
v_R = v_T - v_C;
s_R = sqrt(v_R(1)^2+v_R(2)^2);
v_T, v_C, v_R, s_R
v_T =
60 0
v_C =
25.8109 36.8618
v_R =
34.1891 -36.8618
s_R =
50.2761
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 14
Example: Vectors and Displacement
Suppose two divers start at the surface and establish the following coordinate
system: x is to the west, y is to the north, and z is down. Diver 1 swims 55 feet
west, 36 feet north, and then dive 25 feet. Diver 2 dives 15 feet, then swims east
20 feet and then north 59 feet.
1. Find the distance between diver 1 and the starting point.
2. How far in each direction must diver 1 swim to reach diver 2 ?
3. How far in a straight line must diver 1 swim to reach diver 2
Solution:
diver 1: v
1
= 55i + 36j + 25k
diver 2: v
2
= 20i + 59j + 15k
dist 10: dist
10
=

55
2
+ 36
2
+ 25
2
= 70.3278
v
12
= v
2
v
1
= 75i + 23j 10k
dist 12: dist
12
=
_
(75)
2
+ 23
2
+ (10)
2
= 79.0822
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 15
v_10 = [ 55, 36, 25];
v_20 = [-20, 59, 15];
v_12 = v_20 - v_10;
ss_10 = 0; ss_12 = 0;
for k = 1:3
ss_10 = ss_10 + v_10(k)^2;
ss_12 = ss_12 + v_12(k)^2;
end
dist_10 = sqrt(ss_10);
dist_12 = sqrt(ss_12);
v_12, dist_10, dist_12
v_10 = [ 55, 36, 25];
v_20 = [-20, 59, 15];
v_12 = v_20 - v_10;
dist_10 = sqrt(sum(v_10.*v_10));
dist_12 = sqrt(sum(v_12.*v_12));
v_12, dist_10, dist_12
v_12 =
-75 23 -10
dist_10 = 70.3278
dist_12 = 79.0822
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 16
Example: Aortic Pressure Model
Biomedical engineers often design instrumentation to measure physiological
processes, such as blood pressure. To do this they must develop mathematical
models of the process. The following equation is a specic case of one model used
to describe the blood pressure in the aorta during systole (the period following the
closure of the hearts aortic valve). The variable t represents time in seconds, and
the dimentionless variable y represents the pressure dierence across the aortic
valve, normalized by a constant reference pressure. Plot this function for t 0.
y(t) = e
8t
sin
_
9.7t +

2
_
Solution:
Frequency = 9.7 radians/second = 9.7/(2) = 1.5 cycles/second
Period = 1/1.5 = 2/3 second
select a spacing of 0.003 to give approximately 200 points per period
t = 0 e
0
= 1
t = 0.5 e
8(0.5)
= 0.02
select upper limit of t to be 0.5 second
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 17
t = [0 : 0.1 : 0.5];
y_1 = exp(-8*t);
y_2 = sin(9.7*t+pi/2);
y = y_1.*y_2;
p = [t; y_1; y_2; y]
p =
0 0.1000 0.2000 0.3000 0.4000 0.5000
1.0000 0.4493 0.2019 0.0907 0.0408 0.0183
1.0000 0.5653 -0.3609 -0.9733 -0.7395 0.1372
1.0000 0.2540 -0.0729 -0.0883 -0.0301 0.0025
t = [0 : 0.003 : 0.5];
y = exp(-8*t).*sin(9.7*t+pi/2);
plot(t,y), xlabel(t (sec)),...
ylabel(Normalized Pressure Difference y(t))
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
t (sec)
N
o
r
m
a
l
i
z
e
d

P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

D
i
f
f
e
r
e
n
c
e

y
(
t
)
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 18
Example: Transportation Route Analysis
The following table gives data for the distance traveled along ve truck routes and
the corresponding time required to traverse each route. Use the data to compute
the average speed required to drive each route. Find the route that has the
highest average speed.
1 2 3 4 5
Distance (miles) 560 440 490 530 370
Time (hours) 10.3 8.2 9.1 10.1 7.5
>> d = [ 560, 440, 490, 530, 370];
>> t = [10.3, 8.2, 9.1, 10.1, 7.5];
>> speed = d./t
>> [highest_speed, route] = max(speed)
speed =
54.3689 53.6585 53.8462 52.4752 49.3333
highest_speed =
54.3689
route =
1
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 19
Example: Current and Power Dissipation
The current i passing through an electrical resistor having a voltage v across it is
given by Ohms law: i = v/R, where R is the resistance. The power dissipated in
the resistor is given by v
2
/R. The following table gives data for the resistance and
voltage for ve resistors. Use the data to compute (a) the current in each resistor
and (b) the power dissipated in each resistor.
1 2 3 4 5
R (ohms) 10
4
2 10
4
3.5 10
4
10
5
2 10
5
v (volts) 120 80 110 200 350
>> R = [10000, 20000, 3500, 100000, 200000];
>> v = [ 120, 80, 110, 200, 350];
>> current = v./R
current =
0.0120 0.0040 0.0314 0.0020 0.0018
>> power = v.^2./R
power =
1.4400 0.3200 3.4571 0.4000 0.6125
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 20
Example: A Batch Distillation Process
Chemical and environmental engineers must sometimes design batch processes for
producing or purifying liquids and gases. Applications of such processes occur in
food and medicine production, and in waste processing and water purication. An
example of such a process is a system for heating a liquid benzene/toluene
solution to distill a pure benzene vapor. A particular batch distillation unit is
charged initially with 100 mol of a 60% mol benzene/40% mol toluene mixture.
Let L (mol) be the amount of liquid remaining in the still, and let x (mol B/mol)
be the benzene mole fraction in the remaining liquid. Conservation of mass for
benzene and toluene can be applied to derive the following relation (Felder, 1986).
L = 100
_
x
0.6
_
0.625
_
1 x
0.4
_
1.625
Determine what mole fraction of benzene remains when L = 70. Note that it is
dicult to solve this equation directly for x. Use a plot of x versus L to solve the
problem.
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 21
>> x = [0 : .001 : 0.6];
>> L = 100*(x/0.6).^(0.625).*((1-x)/0.4).^(-1.625);
>> plot(L,x), grid, xlabel(L (mol)), ylabel(x (mol B/mol)),...
>> set(gca, xtick, [0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100]);
>> [L,x] = ginput(1)
L =
69.9616
x =
0.5271
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
L (mol)
x

(
m
o
l

B
/
m
o
l
)
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 22
Example: Height versus Velocity
In introductory physics courses Newtons laws of motion are used to derive the
following formula for the maximum height h achieved by an object thrown with a
speed v at an angle to the horizon.
h =
v
2
sin
2

2g
Create a table showing the maximum height for the following values of v and :
v = 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 meters/sec = 50
o
, 60
o
, 70
o
, 80
o
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 23
g = 9.8; v = [10:2:20]; th = [50:10:80]; thr = th*(pi/180);
vel = [];
for k = 1:length(th)
vel = [vel, v]; % [v v v v]
end
theta = [];
for k = 1:length(v) % thr
theta = [theta;thr]; % ...
end % thr
h = vel.^2.*sin(theta).^2/2*g;
H = [v, h];
table = [0, th; H] % table = [0 th; v h]
table =
1.0e+003 *
0 0.0500 0.0600 0.0700 0.0800
0.0100 0.2875 0.3675 0.4327 0.4752
0.0120 0.4141 0.5292 0.6231 0.6843
0.0140 0.5636 0.7203 0.8481 0.9314
0.0160 0.7361 0.9408 1.1077 1.2166
0.0180 0.9316 1.1907 1.4019 1.5397
0.0200 1.1502 1.4700 1.7307 1.9009
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 24
Comparison:
g = 9.8;
v = [10: 2: 20];
th = [50:10:80];
thr = th*(pi/180);
vel = [];
for k = 1:length(th)
vel = [vel, v];
end
theta = [];
for k = 1:length(v)
theta = [theta;thr];
end
h = vel.^2.*sin(theta).^2/2*g;
table = [0 th; v h]
g = 9.8;
v = [10: 2: 20];
th = [50:10:80];
thr = th*(pi/180);
[theta vel] = meshgrid(thr, v);
h = vel.^2.*sin(theta).^2/2*g;
table = [0 th; v h]
g = 9.8;
v = [10: 2: 20];
th = [50:10:80];
thr = th*(pi/180);
for i = 1:length(v)
for j = 1:length(thr)
h(i,j) = v(i)^2*sin(thr(j))^2/2*g;
end
end
table = [0 th; v h]
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 25
Test Your Understanding
T2.3-1 Given the matrices
A =
_
_
21 27
18 8
_
_
B =
_
_
21 27
18 8
_
_
nd their (a) array product, (b) array right division (A divided by
B), and (c) B raised to the third power element by element.
(ANS: (a) [147, 81, 162, 32], (b) [3, 9, 2, 2], (c)
[343, 27; 729, 64])
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 26
Matrix Operations
i = [1 0 0]

j = [0 1 0]

k = [0 0 1]

i i = j j = k k = 1
i j = j k = k i = 0
u = u
1
i + u
2
j + u
3
k w = w
1
i + w
2
j + w
3
k
u w = (u
1
i + u
2
j + u
3
k) (w
1
i + w
2
j + w
3
k)
= u
1
w
1
+ u
2
w
2
+ u
3
w
3
=
_
u
1
u
2
u
3
_
_

_
w
1
w
2
w
3
_

_
_
a
11
a
12
a
21
a
22
__
x
1
x
2
_
=
_
a
11
x
1
+ a
12
x
2
a
21
x
1
+ a
22
x
2
_
_
a
11
a
12
a
21
a
22
__
b
11
b
12
b
21
b
22
_
=
_
a
11
b
11
+ a
12
b
21
a
11
b
12
+ a
12
b
22
a
21
b
11
+ a
22
b
21
a
21
b
12
+ a
22
b
22
_
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 27
Test Your Understanding
T2.4-1 Use MATLAB to compute the dot product of the following
vectors:
u = 6i 8j + 3k
w = 5i + 3j 4k
Check your answer by hand. (ANS: -6)
T2.4-1 Use MATLAB to show that
_

_
7 4
3 2
5 9
_

_
_
_
1 8
7 6
_
_
=
_

_
35 80
11 12
68 94
_

_
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 28
Example: Manufacturing Cost Analysis
The following table shows the hourly cost of four types of manufacturing
processes. It also shows the number of hours required of each process to produce
three dierent products. (a) Determine the cost of each process to produce one
unit of product 1. (b) Determine the cost to make one unit of each product. (c)
Suppose we produce 10 units of product 1, 5 units of product 2, and 7 units of
product 3. Compute the total cost.
Hours required to produce one unit
Process Hourly cost ($) Product 1 Product 2 Product 3
Lathe 10 6 5 4
Grinding 12 2 3 1
Milling 14 3 2 5
Welding 9 4 0 3
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 29
>> hourly_cost = [10, 12, 14, 9];
>> hours_1 = [6, 2, 3, 4];
>> hours_2 = [5, 3, 2, 0];
>> hours_3 = [4, 1, 5, 3];
>> process_cost_1 = hourly_cost.*hours_1
process_cost_1 =
60 24 42 36
>> unit_cost = hourly_cost*[hours_1, hours_2, hours_3]
unit_cost =
162 114 149
>> units = [10, 5, 7];
>> total_cost = units*unit_cost
total_cost =
3233
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 30
Example: Product Cost Analysis
The following tables show the costs associated with a certain product, and the
production volume for the four quarters of the business year. Find the quarterly
costs for materials, labors, and transportation; the total material, labor, and
transportation costs for the year; and the total quarterly costs.
Unit Costs ($ 10
3
)
Product Materials Labor Transportation
1 6 2 1
2 2 5 4
3 4 3 2
4 9 7 3
Product Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4
1 10 12 13 15
2 8 7 6 4
3 12 10 13 9
4 6 4 11 5
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 31
>> U = [6,2,1; 2,5,4; 4,3,2; 9,7,3];
>> P = [10,12,13,15; 8,7,6,4; 12,10,13,9; 6,4,11,5];
>> C = U*P, ...
>> Quarterly_Costs = sum( U*P), ...
>> Category_Costs = sum((U*P))
C =
178 162 241 179 %178: material cost in Q1
138 117 172 112 %138: labor cost in Q1
84 72 96 64 % 84: transportation cost in Q1
Quarterly_Costs =
400 351 509 355
Category_Costs =
760 539 316
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 32
Special Matrices
Command Description
eye(n) Creates an n n identity matrix
eye(size(A)) Creates an identity matrix with the same size of A
ones(n) Creates an n n matrix of ones
ones(m,n) Creates an mn array of ones
ones(size(n)) Creates an array of ones with the same size of A
zeros(n) Creates an n n matrix of zeros
zeros(m,n) Creates an mn array of zeros
zeros(size(n)) Creates an array of zeros with the same size of A
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 33
Polynomials
f(x) = 9x
3
5x
2
+ 3x + 7 g(x) = 0x
3
+6x
2
x + 2
f(x) + g(x) = 9x
3
+ x
2
+ 2x + 9
f(x)g(x) = 54x
5
39x
4
+ 41x
3
+ 29x
2
x + 14
f(x)
g(x)
= 1.5x 0.5833
>> f = [9, -5, 3, 7]; g = [6, -1, 2]; g0 = [0, 6, -1, 2];
>> summation = f + g0
summation =
9 1 2 9
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 34
>> product = conv(f, g)
product =
54 -39 41 29 -1 14
>> [quotient, remainder] = deconv(f, g)
quotient =
1.5000 -0.5833
remainder =
0 0 -0.5833 8.1667
>> a = [9, -5, 3, 7];
>> x = [0: 2: 10];
>> f = polyval(a, x), ...
>> g = polyval([9, -5, 3, 7], [0: 2: 10])
f =
7 65 515 1789 4319 8537
g =
7 65 515 1789 4319 8537
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 35
Polynomial Functions
Command Description
conv(a,b) Computes product of two polynomials (need not
be the same degree)
[q, r]=deconv(num,den) Computes dividing of two polynomials
poly(r) Computes coecients of the polynomial whose
roots are specied by vector r
polyval(a,x) Evaluates a polynomial at specied values of x
roots(a) Computes the roots of a polynomial (result is a
column vector)
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 36
Example: Earthquake Resistant Building
Buildings designed to withstand earthquakes must
have natural frequencies of vibration that are not
close to the oscillation frequency of the ground
motion. A buildings natural frequencies are
determined primarily by the masses of its oors
and by the lateral stiness of its surrounding
columns (which act like horizontal springs). We
can nd these frequencies by solving for the
roots of a polynomial called the structures
characteristic polynomial.
For a three-story building, if each oor has a mass m and the columns have
stiness k, the polynomial is
( f
2
)[(2 f
2
)
2

2
] +
2
f
2
2
3
where = k/4m
2
. The buildings natural frequencies in cycles per second are
the positive roots of this equation. Find the buildings natural frequencies
(cycles/second) for the case where m = 1000 kg and k = 5 10
6
newtons per
meter.
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 37
k = 5e+6; m = 1000;
alpha = k/(4*m*pi^2);
p1 = [-1, 0, alpha];
p2 = [-1, 0, 2*alpha];
p3 = [alpha^2, 0, -2*alpha^3];
p4 = conv(p2, p2) - [0, 0, 0, 0, alpha^2];
p5 = conv(p1, p4);
p6 = p5 + [0, 0, 0, 0, p3];
r = roots(p6)
pos = r(r>0)
r =
20.2789
-20.2789
14.0335
-14.0335
5.0085
-5.0085
pos =
20.2789
14.0335
5.0085
CL Chen PSE LAB NTU 38
Test Your Understanding
T2.5-1 Use MATLAB to conrm that
(20x
3
7x
2
+ 5x + 10)(4x
2
+ 12x 3)
= 80x
5
+ 212x
4
124x
3
+ 121x
2
+ 105x 30
T2.5-2 Use MATLAB to conrm that
12x
3
+ 5x
2
2x + 3
3x
2
7x + 4
= 4x + 11
T2.5-3 Use MATLAB to conrm that
6x
3
+ 4x
2
5
12x
3
7x
2
+ 3x + 9
= 0.7108
when x = 2.