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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the writer discusses the research design, population and
sample, variable of the study, data source, data collection procedures and data
analysis procedures.
A. Research Design
The research design in this study is experimental research. This research is
with intervention from the researcher that is using drama as a treatment to attract
the students speaking skill. So, it is using experiment because the researcher
wants to apply the technique whether it is successful. This research has purpose to
give explain a condition observed at that moment. The condition in S! "egeri #
"gan$uk is the teacher uses conventional method in teaching speaking such as
speaking in pairs, short dialogues and short conversation, so that the students has
never practised about longer conversation. %ased on the condition, the writer
chooses drama as the method to teach speaking to practise more about longer
conversations and talks.
The experiment research can describes the achievement of an activity and to
know the effect of the sub$ect observed. It means that the data is obtained from the
observation and oral test. The writer takes the mark of students before using drama
with pre&test by given test orally. !nd to take the value students after using
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technique with post test by given material of 'rama. In collecting data, the writer
takes the data from the result of the test which is treated to describe the students
speaking skill. !nd the data are analy(ed through inferential statistic, t&test.
The method of the research is experimental, which is planned for about a
week instruction. The data collection is based on the results of the students test
and the other supporting resource. !nd the data are analy(ed through inferential
statistic, t&test.
B. Populaion an! Sa"ple
#. Populaion o$ The Su!%
The population of the study is the second semester students of
S! "egeri # "gan$uk )*#)+)*#,, which consists of ,)- students of tenth
grade. They are all . classes who have actively $oined the /nglish lesson in
regular classes. ! class was taken from S! "egeri # "gan$uk. /very
student in the class is given the test. 0ne class consists of ,1 students.
&. Sa"ple o$ he su!%
Sample is a sub group of the population that affects the conclusion
which refers to the result 23ohnson, )**45###6. !rikunto 2)**)5 #*76 states
that sample is a limited number of elements from a population to be
representative of the population. !ccording to 3ohnson 2)**45 ##&#,6
there are two kinds of sample, namely5
#6 "on probability samples consist of two types, they are5
a. ! sample of convenience
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It contains elements or persons selected because of their
accessibility.
b. ! volunteer
It consists of persons who volunteers to participate in a study.
)6 8robability samples also has two types, they are5
a. Simple random sampling
It is one technique designed to ensure that the essential
characteristics of the sample being studied are laid those of the
population from which the sample is drawn. In this case, each
element has the same chance to be selected.
b. Stratified sampling
It involves dividing the population into strata 2levels6 and
selecting samples from within each level.
The method of sampling that was used in this study was the simple
random sampling. !ccording to %rown and 'owling 2)**.5,,6, the
population of a random sample involves attempting to ensure that each
member of population that you are sampling has an equal chance or
probability of being selected as a sub$ect. !s stated by !ron and !ron
2)**45.96, random selection is the ideal method of picking out a sample to
study. In practice, then, a random sample is one which ensures that each
member of the sampling frame has an equal probability of being selected.
The sample of the study is ,1 students which can be got by applied a
simple random sampling technique, meaning that the population is all eight
classes. ! classes namely :&#, the students are treated with instruction by
using drama.
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C. 'aria(le o$ he Su!%
There are two kinds of variables in the study, namely Independent and
dependent variables.
a. Independent variable
The independent variable is the drama technique. The types of
data are interval. ;or the independent variable, the data is be obtained
from the result of the questionaire.
b. 'ependent variable
The dependent variable is /nglish learning achievement in
speaking skill. The data is be obtained from the result of the achievement
test in speaking skill.
D. Source o$ he Daa
The researcher takes data from the result of giving test collected as the
following for getting the easiness. The data are quantitative consisting
information or description about how to teach speaking for tenth grade n
S!" # "gan$uk.
The data taken from test are to know the students condition before
that application of the new strategy and to know the improvement of students<
speaking ability.
To support more data, the writer gives test in order to know the
application of the new strategy in teaching speaking. The last step, the writer
can do evaluation. The evaluation done to know the students< speaking
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improvement. =The elements measure of the direct oral interview consist of
accuracy of pronunciation, stress and information, grammar, vocabulary,
fluency and ease of speech>, ?eaton 2)**957-&796. The scoring can be done
when applying of the strategy is in progress.
E. Daa Collecion Techni)ue
In this study, the writer used oral tests as the instruments for collecting
the data. !ccording to the statement above, the writer assumed that in his
research, he would like to conduct an achievement test. The achievement test
is similar to the progress test in that it measures how much the students have
learned it of the first foreign language interaction 2@ebecca . Aalette,
#7715-6.
The following is the process of drama presentation in the class 5
#. Bognitive !spect
a. Student make a drama about expression pain, relief and pleasure.
b. Students practice the drama about expression pain, relief and pleasure
in front of class.
c. Students express the expression of pain, relief and pleasure of a drama
process.
d. Students identify the material about expression of pain, relief and
pleasure.
e. Students work in group to make a drama about expression pain, relief
and pleasure.
f. Students practice the drama in front of class.
g. Students use the expressing of expression pain, relief and pleasure of a
drama.
h. Students discuss the drama about expression pain, relief and pleasure
). !ffective !spect
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a. Bharacters 5 honest, creative, critical and logical, responsible
b. Social skill 5 asking question, giving idea and opinion, communicating
in a good manner.
,. 8sychomotor !spect
Csing and practising to express about expression pain, relief and
pleasure.
The following table is the criteria of assessment 5
Ta(le *.#
The Spea+ing,s Assess"en (e$ore using Dra"a
-o -a"e
Scoring
Pronunciaion 'oca(ular% .luenc% Gra""ar Toal
Ta(le *.&
The Spea+ing,s Assess"en a$er using Dra"a
-o -a"e
Scoring
Pronunciaion 'oca(ular% .luenc% Gra""ar Toal
.. Daa Anal%sis
To analy(e the data obtained, the writer uses the following procedures5
Identification the students individual raw and final scores from the students
results of drama performance the writer can be easily listed down the
students scores into a table of students individual, raw and final scores.
#. Calculaes he su!ens in!i/i!ual "eans scores0
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?eaton 2)**95#176 wrote that> The means score of any test is then
most efficient measurement of central tendency, but it is not always
appropriate. To calculate the students means scores the writer in this study
applies the following formula5
"
x
x
#
#

=
"
x
x
)
)

=
Dhere5
#
x
5 Is the mean score of pre&test
)
x
5 is the mean score of post&test
x#,x)5 Is the score of pre&test and post&test
E 5 Is the sum of FF
2!rikunto, )*#* 5 ,9*6
&. Co"puaion o$ he signi$icance o$ !i$$erence (e1een he 1o "ean
score an! !e/iaion score 1ih a 2 es
To compute the significance of two mean scores, the following formula is
applied5
The following was the computation of t&test. The first all the
writer had to find the ean deviation and square deviation.
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a. The mean deviation could be calculated by using the following
formula5

"
d
d

=
Dhere 5
d 5 Is the mean of deviation
Ed 5 Is the sum of deviation number
" 5 Is the number of sample
2!rikunto, )*#* 5 ,9*6
b. To compute the students square deviation score of this investigation
the writer applies the following formula

=


)
)
)
d
6 2
d x
d
Dhere5
x
)
d 5 is the square deviation of deviation min mean of deviation.
d
)
5 is the square deviation of pre&test and post&test.
" 5 is the number of sample
E 5 is the sum of...
2!rikunto, )*#* 5 ,9#6
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c. Identifying the significance of the deviation scores of the mean scores.
The last process of computing of statistical is to find out the value of t.
6 # 2
d
t
)

d x
Dhere 5
d 5 is the mean of deviation
x
)
d 5 is the square deviation
" 5 is the number of sample
t 5 is the roof of test
E 5 is the sum of square deviation
2!rikunto )*#* 5 ,9*6 .