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NO QUESTION A B

1 A valve that controls flow by means of a disk or wedge-shaped


dam sliding at right angles to the direction of flow and seating
tightly in the valve body is a
gate valve butterfly valve
2 The friction factor for flow through a pipe with relative roughness
of 0.004 at a Reynold's No. of 80,000 is approximately equal to
0.052 0.025
3 The equation that relates friction factor and Reynold's No.,
f=64/Reynold's No. holds for
smooth pipes laminar and
turbulent flow
4 Oil flows under laminar conditions inside a steam heated copper
pipe. The overall heat transfer coefficient is approximately
equal to the
heat transfer
coefficient of
the oil
the average
between the
heat transfer
coefficient of the
steam and that
of oil
5 In multi-stage liquid-liquid extraction with partially miscible
solvents
the extraction
must be done
to form co-
currently in
order to
minimize the
extraction.
the minimum
number of
stages occur
when the
operating lines
are parallel.
6 The enrichment of the vapor steam as it passes through the
column in contact with the reflux during distillation is called
evaporation stripping
7 The maximum number of plates for a given distillation system is
obtained at
variable reflux maximum reflux
8 The correct unit for the specific rate constant for the reaction A---
>B determined to be first order is
square
liter/square
mol/min
square
liter/square
mol/square min
9 On one side of a heat exchanger where either a condensing
vapor or a boiling liquid is present, the temperature may be
assumed to be constant. In determining the logarithmic mean
temperature difference the direction of flow will have
large effect little effect
10 For a cylinder where steady-state radial heat transfer takes place the heat flux is
constant
maximum heat
transfer rate
occurs at the
surface
11 A plate holding a pool of liquid from which rises a vapor whose
average composition is in equilibrium with a liquid whose
composition is the average of that of the liquid leaving the plate is
called
separation
plate
theoretical plate
12 Crystallization occurs in a solution that is concentrated unsaturated
13 Mass transfer in a flowing fluid may be correlated by Sherwood,
Nusselt and
Reynold's No
Peclet,
Reynold's and
Schimdt No
14 The ratio of the average diameter of the feed to the average
diameter of the product is the
settling ratio discharge ratio
15 The rate of formation of C for the reaction 2A + B ---> C is found
to be rate=k(A)(B)
the rate of
formation of C
is equal to the
rate of
disappearance
of B
the order of
reactio is zero
16 A device for increasing the velocity of a fluid in steady flow is a nozzle vent
17 In steady-state backmix flow reactor, composition is not constant
throughout the
reactor
constant
throughout the
reactor
18 The amount of money obtainable from the sale of used property
over and above any changers involved in removal and sale is
called
net value salvage value
19 In fractionation, an increase in reflux ratio increases the
number of
theoretical
plates
decreases the
reboiler duty
20 In mass transfer where the solute in the gas phase is very
soluble in the liquid phase
the ratio of
liquid phase
resistance to
the overall
resistance is
close to unity
the gas phase
resistance is
approximately
equal to the total
resistance
21 Heat transfer in turbulent flow may be described through an
empirical equation correlating
Nusselt,
Stanton and
Reynold's Nos
Nusselt, Prandtl
and Reynold's
Nos
22 Which of the following fittings exhibits the highest pressure drop
for the same flow conditions?
90-degree long
radius elbow
90-degree
standard elbow
23 A chamber into which steam from a high pressure line can be
bled during periods of low steam demand from the power plant is
called
switching bank vent
24 Which one of the following pipes has the highest relative
roughness?
2" diameter
Wrought iron
pipe
4" dia Wrought
iron pipe
25 In steady-state heat transfer through a series of materials with
varying resistances, the heat transfer rate
decreases
towards the
direction of
heat transfer
varies with the
thermal
conductivity of
each material
26 Reactions whereby reactants proceed along several paths and
give different products are
polymeric
reactions
reversible
reactions
27 Which one among the following materials has the best insulating
property?
window glass wood
28 An operation where warm vapor mixture is cooled such as by
contact with a liquid resulting in condensation and decreased
humidity is
evaporation dehumidification
29 The pressure exerted on a plane parallel to the direction of flow
of a moving fluid is called
gauge pressure velocity pressure
30 For mass transfer to take place, there must be a phase change reaction
component
31 Water vapor condenses at 1 atm on a tube whose surface
tmeperature is at 80 deg F. in analyzing the heat transfer through
the condensate film, it is best to evaluate the liquid properties at
212 deg F 80 deg F
32 The diffusity of water in air at 100 deg F in sq.cm./sec is 0.256 0.278
33 A fluid flowing at a rate of 25 cubic meters per hour inside a 60
mm I.D. pipe has an average velocity in meter per sec equal to
5.9 2.5
34 An equimolar mixture of benzene and toluene is subjected to a
single batch distillation. Distillation is discontinued when 60% of
the benzene in the feed is distilled. At this instance the bottom
product when analyzed shows benzene to be 36.4 mole%. In the
distillate, the mole% of benzene is
66.6 58.1
35 When 32 kg of methane is burned completely the theoretical
oxygen required is
16 kg 64 kg
36 The standard heat of reaction for the production of water gas, in
kcal/gmole, as given by the equation: C(s) + H2O(g) = CO(g) +
H2(g) is
32.2 31.4
37 A rectangular duct 4 ft x 1.5 ft in cross section carries conditioned
air. In determining the pressure drop through the duct the
equivalent diameter in ft may be used which in this case is
4 2.18
38 A gas decomposition reaction has an activation energy of 245
kJ/mol. The rate of reaction can be accelerated by using a
platinum catalyst where the activation energy for the resulting
catalyzed reactions is lower at 136 kJ/mol. Using Arrhenius' law
and assuming the frequency factor remains the same the
catalyzed reaction is faster than the original reaction by a factor
of
over 100,000
but less than a
million
over 100 but
less than 200
39 Water at 100 deg F is flowing through a straight 4-in Sch 40 pipe
at a rate of 1.0 gal/min. The length of the pipe is 10 ft. The
velocity at the center of the pipe in ft per sec is
0.0378 0.0504
40 A metallic rod 2 cm in diameter is used as a heating element.
The thermal conductivity is 370 J/sec.sq.m.degC. The surface
temperature is maintained at 200 deg C. For the center of the rod
not to exceed 500 deg C, the maximum volumetric heat
generation rate within the metallic rod in J/sec cu.m. must be
4440000 5130000
41 This is a steady state temperature reached by a small amount of
liquid evaporating into a large amount of unsaturated vapor-gas
mixture.
wet-bulb
temperature
dew point
42 Air, supplied at the rate of 1200 cfm to a refrigerated coil, has a
relative humidity of 20% and dry bulb temperature of 150 deg F.
The mass flow of dry air entering per minute is
74.3 75
43 In adiabatic humidification, it is possible to maintain the
temperature of water constant since
according to
the phase rule,
the degrees of
freedom is 3
the system can
be well insulated
from the
surroundings
44 An air-carbon tetrachloride vapor mixture at 100 deg F dry bulb
and 60 deg F wet bulb is heated until the temperature reaches
180 deg F. the final percent relative humidity is about
0.1 0.05
45 The portion of water in the wet solid that cannot be removed by
the air in its contact is called
free moisture final moisture
content
46 This type of drier is used for drying pasty materials such as wet
filter cakes and lumpy solids
rotary drier flash drier
47 In the constant-rate period, the rate of drying is established by a balance of
the heat
requirements
for evaporation
and the rate at
which heat
reaches the
surface
the internal
movement of
moisture
beneath the
surface of the
solid
48 Unbound moisture in granular and porous solid moves through
the intertices of the solid by a mechanism involving
desorption surface tension
49 Wet solid is to be dried from 40% to 10% in 5 hours under
constant drying conditions. The critical moisture content is 20%
and the equilibrium moisture content is 7%. All moisture contents
are on dry basis. The time needed to dry from 15% to 5% free
moisture under the same drying conditions is
0.542 hrs 1.846 hrs
50 If the rate of drying under constant drying conditions with air at
140 deg F and absolute humidity of 0.03 lb water per lb dry air of
unknown mass of solid is given by R=0.5-exp(-60X) [in lb
water/hr-sqft], then the equilibrium moisture content (db) of the
material is
0.12 0.034
51 In drying at the falling rate period, the rate at which moisture is
removed from the solid material
remains
constant
increases with
time
52 The major problem in diffusion is to promote diffusion of the
solute out of the solid and into the liquid. The most effective way
of doing this is
to reduce the
solid to the
smallest size
feasible
to use counter
current
operation
53 A slurry flaked soybeans weighing 100 kg contains 75 kg inert
solids and 25 kg of solution 10 weight % oil and 90% wt solvent
hexane. This slurry is contacted with 100 kg pure hexane in a
single stage so that the value of retention for the outlet underflow
is 1.5 kg of insoluble solid per kg solvent in the adhering solution.
The composition of underflow leaving the extraction stage in %wt
oil is
0.3 0.8
54 Tung meal containing 55% oil is to be extracted at the rate of
4000 lb per hour using n-hexane containing 5% oil as solvent. A
countercurrent mulitple stage extraction system is to be used.
The meal retains 2 lb of solvent per pound of oil free meal while
the residual charge contain 0.11 lb oil per lb oil free meal while
the product is conposed of 15% oil. The theoretical number of
ideal stages is
3 4
55 The movement of molecules over a substantial distance is
associated with the transfer of heat by
convection conduction
56 The mode of heat transfer that can take place in a vacuum is
known as
convection conduction
57 The overall conductance for a composite material in series is
equal to the
sum of the
individual
conductances
sum of the
individual
conductivities
58 Film and drop are terms associated with boiling condensation
59 A 6-in Sch 80 steel pipe is carrying glycerin at an average
temperature of 100 deg F. The pipe is uninsulated, and the
outside temperature is 30 deg F. The inside film conductance is
1000 Btu/h-ft-degF while the outside film conductance is 3.0
Btu/h-sq.ft.-degF. Determine the heat lost [Btu] per minute from a
75-ft length of the pipe. Glycerine is flowing at 800 gpm.
99.95 415.7
60 An oak (k=0.096 Btu/h-ft-degF) door, 30 in wide, 78 in high, and
2 in thick, has 9 glass (k=0.45 Btu/h-ft-degF) windows, each 6 in
by 8 in by 1/4 in thick. Determine the amount of heat lost [Btu]
each day with a surface-to-surface temperature difference of 80
deg F.
97 242
61 Determine the length needed for a simple concentric-tube,
parallel flow heat exchanger to transfer heat from hot water to
cold water at a rate of 900 W. The heat exchanger consists of
two Type K copper (k=386 W/m-degC) tubes. The smaller tube
has an inside diameter of 49.8 mm and an outside diameter of
54.0 mm. Assume that both film coefficients are equal to 100
W/sq.m.-degC. The hot water enters at 90 degC and leaves at
50 degC, and the cold water enters at 10 degC and leaves at 40
degC.
185.5 m 11.02 m
62 A saturated solution containing 1500 kg of potassium chloride at
360 K is cooled in an open tank to 290K. If the specific gravity of
the solution is 1.2, the solubility of potassium chloride per 100
parts of water is 53.55 at 360K and 34.5 at 290K, calculate the
amount of crystals obtained assuming that loss of water by
evaporation is negligible.
4301 kg 1500 kg
63 An evaporator, working at atmospheric pressure, is to
concentrate a solution from 5% to 20% solids at the rate of 1.25
kg/s. The solution which has a specific heat of 4.18 kJ/kg-K is fed
to the evpaorator at 295K and boils at 380K. Dry saturated steam
at 240 kPa is fed to the calandria and the condensate leaves at
the temperature of the condensing steam. If the heat transfer
coefficient is 2.3 kW/sq.m-K, what is the required area of heat
transfer surface. The latent heat of vaporization maybe taken as
the same as that of water.
55.8 sq.m. 58.5 sq.m.
64 2.5 kg/s of a solution at 288K containing 10% dissolved solids is
fed to a forward-feed double effect evaporator operating at a
pressure of 14 kPa in the last effect. If the product is to consist of
a liquid containing 50% by weight of dissolved solids and dry
saturated steam is fed to the steam coils, what should be the
pressure of the steam? The surface in each effect is 50 sq.m.
and the coefficients for heat transfer in the first and second
effects are 2.8 and 1.7 kW/sq.m.-K respectively. Assume that the
concentrated solution exhibits a boiling point rise of 5 degK, that
the latent heat has a constant value of 2260 kJ/kg and that the
specific heat of the liquid stream is constant at 3.75 kJ/kgK.
115 kPa 101.3 kPa
65 An acetone-air mixture containing 0.015 mol fraction of acetone
has the mol fraction reduced to 1% of this value by
countercurrent absorption with water in a packed tower. The gas
flow-rate G is 1 kg/sq.m-s of air and the water entering is 1.6
kg/sq.m-s. For this system, Henry's law holds and Ye=1.75x,
where Ye is the mol fraction of acetone in the vapour in
equilibrium with a mol fraction x in the liquid. How many overall
transfer units are required?
10.92 9.12
66 A still has a liquor composition of ortho-xylen 10%, meta-xylene
65%, para-xylene 17%, benzene 4%, and ethylbenzene 4%. How
many plates at total reflux are required to give a product of 80%
meta-xylene and 14% para-xylene? The data are given as mole
percent.
37 38
67 A mixture of alcohol and water with 0.45 mol fraction of alcohol is
to be continuously distilled in a column so as to give a top
product of 0.825 mol fraction alcohol and a liquor at the bottom
with 0.05 mol fraction alcohol. How many theoretical plates are
required if the reflux ratio used is 3?
10 9
68 Prepared cottonseed meats containing 35% extractable oil are
fed to a continuous countercurrent extractor of the intermittent
drainage type using hexane as solvent. The extractor consists of
ten sections, the section efficiency being 50%. The entrainment,
assumed constant, is 1 kg solution/kg solids. What will be the oil
concentration in the outflowing solvent if the extractable oil
content in the meats is to be reduced to 0.5% by weight?
72.2 28.7
69 0.4 kg/s of dry seashore sand, containing 1% by weight of salt, is
to be washed with 0.4 kg/s of fresh water running countercurrent
to the sand through two classifiers in series. Assume that perfect
mixing of the sand and water occurs in each classifier and that
the sand discharged from each classifier contains one part of
water for every two of sand (by weight). If the washed sand is
dried in a kiln drier, what percent of salt will it retain?
0.492 0.429
70 Forty-five pounds per minute of water is heated from 60 to 180
deg F in a 5/8 in., 16 BWG heat exchanger tube. If the steam
condensing at 260 deg F, on the outside of the tube gives an h
of 1000 Btu/hr-sq.ft.-degF, calculate the inside heat transfer
coefficient [Btu/hr-cu.ft-degF].
2173 696
71 How many cu.ft. per minute of entering air is needed to
evaporate 10 lb of water per hour from a rayon, if the air enters at
80 deg F and 25% humidity and leaves at 170 deg F and 55%
relative humidity. The operating pressure is 14.3 psia.
12.54 12.68
72 Nicotine is to be extracted from water using kerosene. If 100 lb of
a 2% nicotene solution is extracted once with 200 lb of kerosene,
what percent of the nicotene is extracted? {Equilibrium data: Y[lb
nicotene/lb kerosene] = 0.90X [lb nicotene/lb water]}
64.5 54.6
73 We must cool 2500 gpm of water from 120 to 80 deg F. A cooling
tower, at 70 deg F and 1 atm, is to be designed to operate with
entering air of 40% relative humidity. How many gpm of makeup
water must be supplied if windage loss is 95% of the amount lost
by evaporation.
77.2 150
74 We wish to build an economical cold room 20 ft square and 10 ft
high. The outside temperature is 80 deg F and te room is to be
maintained at 0 deg F. The boss has suggested parallel wooden
outer and inner walls separated by a 6-in air space. What will be
the heat loss [Btu/hr] through each wall?
3537 8457
75 A colloidal solution is to be concentrated from 15 to 65% solids.
The specific heat of the feed, entering at 50 deg F is 0.93. The
pressure of the saturated steam to the evaporator is 10 psia; the
condenser pressure is 5-in. Hg abs. The steam chest has an
overall heat transfer coefficient of 200 Btu/hr-sq.ft.-degF. Water
must be evaporated at the rate of 35,000 lb/hr. Neglecting boiling
point elevation, what is the steam consumption [lb/hr]?
10500 35000
76 What is the settling time [sec] for galena particles to settle under
free settling conditions through 5 ft of water at 50 deg F. Galena
is spherical in shape, with specific gravity and 0.01 inch in
diameter.
38.1 18.3
77 A 10-ft diameter tank with a quick-opening value to a sump has a
10-ft depth of liquid. How long [t in sec] does it take to drain the
tank if the valve is assumed to be equivalent to a 4-in diameter
orifice? The liquid density is 60 lb/cu.ft.
2951 1644
78 What size sharp-edged orifice [inches] was in use if a flow of 120
gpm produced a 4-in Hg differential in a 4-in Schedule 40 pipe.
The fluid, measured at 60 degF, had a viscosity of 1 cSt and a
specific gravity of 1.
2.21 1.35
79 Seven hundred gallons per minute of water are being discharged
by a centrifugal pump 5 ft above the pump inlet. The inlet
pressure is 4-in Hg above atmospheric and the discharge
pressure is 29 psia. If the pump has an 8-inch diameter inlet and
a 4-inch diameter discharge, calculate the pump efficiency.
63 84
80 Determine the net positive suction head available to a centrifugal
pump when the level of water is just at the suction point. The
pumped fluid is water at 140 deg F and it is pumped from an
atmospheric tank at 250 gpm. The tank suction point is 7 ft
above the pump. The piping is 5-in Schedule 40, 10-ft long with
two short radius 90 deg elbows. [Use density=61.38 lb/cuft,
Pv=2.89 psi, viscosity=0.47 cP]
34.2 27.7
81 Water at 60 deg F flows through a 3-inch Schedule 40 pipe. A
pitot tube in the pipe shows a 3-inch Hg differential. If the pitot
tube is located at the center of the pipe, what is the mass flow
rate of the water [lb/s]?
11.61 14.24
82 The gas phase irreversible reaction A+B---->C is elementary.
The entering flow rate of A is 10 mol/min and is equal molar in A
and B. The entering concentration of A is 0.4 mol/L. What CSTR
volume [L] is necessary to achieve 90% conversion?
113 227
83 The irreversible zero order gas phase dimerization 2A ----->A2
is carried out in a packed bed reactor with 5 kg of catalyst. The
entering pressure is 10 atm and the exit pressure is 1 atm. Pure
A enters at a flow rate of 10 mol/min. The reaction is zero order
in A. What is the exit conversion?
0.15 0.5
84 The gas phase reaction 2A+B----->C is carried out in a PFR. The
feed is equal molar in A and B and the entering temperature is
500K and the entering pressure is 16.4 atm. If the exit conversion
is x, then the exit concentration of B is
[B]=0.4(1-x )/(1-
0.5x )
[B]=0.4(1-x )/(1-
1.5x )
85 Heat is generated in a 2.5 cm square copper rod at the rate of
35.3e6 W/cu.m. The rod is exposed to a convection environment
at 20 deg C where the convection heat transfer coefficient is 4
kW/sq.m.-degC. Determine the surface temperature [deg C] of
the rod.
75.2 55.2
86 A 5cm diameter cylinder is maintained at a constant temperature
of 200 deg C and it is "completely enclosed" by a wind tunnel test
chamber, walls of which are at 10 deg C. Air at 350K is forced
across the cylinder at a velocity of 50 m/s (h=180 W/m-degC). If
the surface emissivity of the cylinder is 0.7, determine the total
(i.e., convective and radiative) heat transfer from the cylinder [W
per meter length].
13 272
87 A building wall consists of a 6-in of concrete (kc= 0.7 Btu/hr-ft-
degF), 2 in of fiber insulating board, and 3/8 in of gypsum board
(kg=0.03 Btu/hr-ft-degF). The inside and outside heat transfer
coefficients are 2 and 7 Btu/hr-sqft-degF, respectively. The inside
temperature is 72 degF and the outside temperature is 20 degF.
Determine the overall heat transfer coefficient for this wall [Btu/hr-
sqft-degF].
0.028 0.119
88 Current is passed through a cylindrical laboratory heater, which
has a 3 cm diameter, generating heat at the rate of 20 MW/cu.m.
The heater is exposed to a convection environment at 25 degC
where the convection heat transfer coefficient is 0.5 kW/sq.m.-
degC. Determine its surface temperature [degC].
325 300
89 A straight rectangular fin has a length of 3.5 cm, a thickness of
1.5 mm, and is made of a material characterized by thermal
conductivity of 255 W/m-degC. The fin is exposed to a
convection environment at 20 degC and h=1.5 kW/sq.m.-degC.
Determine the maximum possible heat transfer from this fin for
the base temperature of 150 degC.
1500 W 4392 W
90 A gaseous fuel is composed of 20% methane( CH4), 40%
ethane (C2H6) and 40% propane (C3H8), where all percentages
are by volume. The volumetric analysis of the dry products of
combustion (ie. everything except the water) for this fuel gives
10.6% carbon dioxide (CO2), 3% oxygen (O2), 1% carbon
monoxide (CO) and 85.4% nitrogen (N2). Determine the air fuel
ratio on a mass basis for this reaction.
1 18
91 Dodecane (C12H26) gas at 25 degC is burned in a steady flow
combustion chamber with 20% excess air that enters at -23.15
degC. The products leave the combustion chamber at 500K.
Assuming steady operating conditions and complete combustion,
determine the required mass flow rate of the dodecane to supply
heat at a rate of 1.5 kW [kg/s].
170 100
92 Two rooms A and B of identical volume are connected by an
open doorway. The thermostat in the rooms are set so that
Ta<Tb. Which room contains more air molecules?
A B
93 If the absolute temperature of a gas is doubled, the mean speed
of the gas molecules
is doubled. increases 4
times
94 When ice cubes melt in a glass of water, the temperature of the
resulting mixture of water and ice
increases. decreases.
95 In all naturally occurring processes, the entropy of the universe increases. decreases.
96 An inventor seeking a patent claims that a building may be
comfortably heated in winter by a device that draws heat into the
building from the earth, even though the temperature of the earth
is lower than the desired temperature inside the building. He
further claims that the quantity of heat supplied to the building in
a given time period can significantly exceed the work done by the
device during the same period. If you were a patent clerk (like the
young Albert Einstein), what should be your recommendation
about the application?
The application
should be
rejected
because it
violates the first
law of
Thermodynami
cs.
The application
should be
rejected
because it
violates the
second law of
Thermodynamic
s.
97 A fixture containing an ordinary incandescent light bulb is
connected to a dimmer switch. The dimmer is adjusted so that
the temperature of the tungsten filament inside the bulb
increases from 1300K to 2600K. The total power radiated by the
bulb
doubles. quadruples.
98 A 30 MW geothermal electric power plant uses hot steam from
the earth at 157 deg C to heat and vaporize isobutane, which
turns a turbine that is connected to a generator. The isobutane is
subsequently cooled to 27 degC using fans and condensed back
to a liquid. The overall efficiency of the plant is 40% of the ideal
(Carnot) efficiency. How many joules of heat must be released to
the atmosphere per second?
2.5 e8 2.2 e8
99 The material which remains unchanged in a process is limiting reactant tie substance
100 The ratio of the total quantity of a reactant present in the reactor
feed of a recycling operation to the quantity of the same reactant
entering the operation as fresh feed is the
recycle ratio combined feed
ratio
101 The heating value measured when water formed from
combustion is in the liquid state.
Gross Calorific
Value
Heat of
combustion
102 In the combustion of solid fuels, the tie element between the feed
and the refuse is the
cooked coal ash
103 The coal analysis which is based upon the volatilization
characteristics of the fuel is
Proximate
analysis
Modified
analysis
104 An Orsat analysis of the flue gas when pyrite is roasted is on a SO2-free basis SO3-free basis
105 The empirical relation which allows one to compute for the net
hydrogen in a given solid fuel is the
Calderwood
equation
Theoretical
Oxygen
Equation
106 The equivalent of 45degTw in the Baume scale is 26.63 28.32
107 A furnace completely burns coal containing 70%C. Analysis of
the flue gas shows 15% CO2, 4% O2, 81% N2, and no CO.
What is the % of the net hydrogen in the coal?
1.2 1.53
108 Which has the lowest water content? dew point at
20degC
70% RH
109 A contract was made between a buyer and a paper manufacturer
for paper containing 5% moisture at PhP450/tonne FOB on
specifications that price adjustment will be made if the quality is
different. How much should the buyer pay for 1 tonne of paper
with 8% moisture content? Freiht cost is PhP45/tonne.
PhP 405 PhP 424.26
110 One drier will dry a material from 45% moisture (wb) to 20%
moisture (db). From here the material enters another drier where
the water content is further reduced to give a final product
weighing 1000 kg. If the total evporation from both driers is 800
kg, the moisture of the final product is
0.01 0.02
111 An experimental oil is used to distill 6000 kg.hr of Athabasta tar
sand which analyzes 30% 'heavy oil', 'light oil', and non-volatile
matter. If the distillate contains 12 % heavy oil and this
constitutes 25% recovery of the component, the weight in kg of
the distillate obtained is
2250 3750
112 Coal fired in a furnace has a heating value of 13800 Btu/lb and
contains 78.05%C and 1.2%S. The proximate analysis shows
4%M, 24%FC, 8%A and the analysis of the refuse shows
8%VCM, 25%FC and 32% ash. Calculate the % of C lost in the
refuse.
4.22 8
113 Ninety grams of ethane and 384 grams of oxygen are fed
continuously to a laboratory furnace. The total combustion
products collected was 16.2 gmole with no carbon dioxide.
However, not all of the ethane was burned due to faulty
combustion. The fraction of ethane that was burned is equal to
0.8 0.85
114 The furnace at the Bataan refinery is using a fuel gas which
contains methane, ethane and 20% nitrogen. The orsat analysis
of the combustion products showed 7.8% CO2, 7.4% O2, and
84.8% N2. The gas is burned with excess air. The % methane in
the fuel gas is
63.25 57.24
115 Pyrite containing 78% FeS2 and 22% gangue is burned with
excess air to produce a stack gas with the following analysis:
7.29% SO2, 8.92%O2, 82.44%N2 and 1.35%SO3. If the cinder
was found to have a partial analysis of 62.10% Fe2O3, the % of
FeS2 lost in the pyrite is
3.52 6.53
116 The unit of k for a 1st order elementary reaction is 1/time conc/time
117 If the temperature of a chemical reaction is raised by 10 degC,
the rate of reaction is increased by a factor of
4 3
118 The E of a reaction may be lowered by increasing
temperature
decreasing
temperature
119 The mechanism of a reaction can sometimes be deduced from the activation
energy
the temperature
dependency of
the rate
120 The equilibrium constant in a reversible chemical reaction at a
given temperature
depends on the
initial conc of
the reactants
depends on the
conc of one of
the products at
equilibrium
121 If the volume of a reaction vessel is suddenly reduced to one half
its original volume the rate will increase by a factor of
2 4
122 The rate of reaction is not influenced by conc of the
reactants
molecularity of
the reaction
123 The net rate of reaction of an intermediate is 0 2
124 A reaction is known to be first order in A. A straight line will be
obtained by plotting
log Ca vs time Ca vs time
125 If the reaction 2A ---> B+C is second order, which of the following
plots will give a straight line?
Ca^2 vs time 1/Ca vs time
126 For the reaction A+B ---> 2C, when Ca is doubled the rate
doubles, when Cb is doubled the rate increases fourfold. The
rate law is
-ra = k Ca^2
Cb^4
-ra = k Ca Cb^2
127 It states that the rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the
activity of the reactants.
Le Chatelier's
principle
Hess' Law
128 The half life of a material undergoing second order decay is proportional to
the square of
the initial conc
independent of
initial conc
129 A fluid flows through 2 CSTR in series. Each reactor has a
capacity of 400,000 L and the fluid enters at 100 L per hr. The
fluid undergoes a first order decay with a half life of 24 hours.
Find the conversion of the fluid.
66.8 74.7
130 A first order reaction has a specific rate constant of 3e-3 per sec.
The half life is
0.0021 s 100 s
131 A certain reaction is 1st order in A. In 30 min, the concentration
of A decreases from 0.55 to 0.15 mol/L. The time it will take for A
to decrease from 0.35 to 0.15 mol/L is
45.1 min 19.6 min
132 A gas decomposes at 900 degC according to 2A--->2R+S with a
rate constant of 1000 cc/gmol-s using pure A. The time it will take
to react 80% of A in a batch reactor at 900 degC and 1 atm in
min is
3.83 7.43
133 Calculate the length of a chlorinating pipe line with diameter of
0.6 m required to kill 95% of the bacteria in waste water flowing
at 0.05 cu.m/s. Test shows that 95.33% kill is obtained in 5
minutes when treated with 5 mg/L of chlorine. Chlorine
disinfection kinetics is given by the equation: dC/dt = k Ct^1.5
where C = number of bacteria. Assume that the same
concentration of chlorine is used in actual treatment operation.
25.36 m 32.5 m
134 The set of data given below is for the parallel reaction: a---k1--
>2R, a---k2-->S. At t=0, Ca=15 moles/cuft, Cr = 1 mole/cuft,
Cs=1 mole/cuft; At t=1 hr, Cro = 9 moles/cuft, Cs = 3 moles/cuft.
The value of K2 per hour is
0.1697 0.183
135 A batch reaction 2D+E----->F has a conversion factor expressed
by the equation r =0.24 t^0.5 where r = conversion factor based
on the reactant E; t = time in hours which ranges from 0.5 to 16
hours per batch depending upon the process variables. The
average molecular weight of the feed is 60 and a density of 1.4
g/cc. The feed consists of 2 kgmole of D and 1 kgmole of E. The
charging, cleaning and discharging time per batch is 2.5 hrs and
the volume of the reactor is twice the volume of the feed.
Assume 300 days per year and 12 hours operation/day. The
volume of the reactor in liters is
257 275
136 A container holds 100 gal of salt solution containing 50 lb of
dissolved salt. The bottom of the container is covered with a layer
of rock salt. The bottom of the container is covered with a layer of
rock salt whose surface is practically constant. The salt dissolved
into the solution according to r = k(C-3) where C is the
concentration of the brine expressed in lb/gal. If the water in the
tank were fresh, the rate of solution would be 1.0 lb/min. Fresh
water enters at 3 gpm and brine overflows at the same rate.
Assume constant volume at any brine concentration, the
concentration of brine in container after 1 hour in lb/gal of salt is
0.732 0.427
137 An aqueous solution of ethyl acetate is to be saponified with
NaOH. The initial concentration of the ethyl acetate is 5 g/L and
that of the caustic soda is 0.10M. Values of the second order rate
constant in L/gmole-min are k = 23.5 at 0 degC; k = 92.4 at 20
degC. The reaction is essentially irreversible. The time required
to saponify 95% of the water at 40 deg C is
10.3 11.4
138 At 500K the rate of bimolecular reaction is 10 times the rate at
400K. Find E in cal, the activation energy for this reaction from
Arrhenius Law.
8150 9150
139 The reaction A+2B--->R is 1st order with respect to each
reactant. If equimolar amounts of A and B are introduced into a
constant-volume reactor and (1/m) th of A remains after t1, how
much will remain after t2=2t1?
Cao/2m Cao/(2m-1)
140 When the 1st order homogeneous reaction (gas-phase) A---
>2.5R is carried out in an isothermal batch reactor at 2 atm with
20% inerts present, the volume increases by 60% in 20 min.
When the reaction is carried out in a constant volume reactor,
the time required for the pressure to reach 8 atm if the initial
pressure is 5 atm, 2 atm of which consist of inerts in min is
43.1 41.3
141 When the ID of the pipe through which a fluid flows is doubled,
the pressure loss due to friction per unit length of pipe and for the
same volumetric flow rate is changed by approximately a factor
of
1/8 1/16
142 When two centrifugal pumps are connected in series, the
discharge changes by a factor of
1/2 1
143 When two reciprocating pumps are connected in parallel, the
volumetric capacity of the system changes by a factor of
1/2 1
144 The pressure drop in a pipeline changes by a factor of _____
when the velocity of the flowing fluid is doubled.
1/2 1
145 Cavitation occurs in a centrifugal pump when the discharge
pressure
becomes too
high
the discharge
valve is closed
146 Oil with a viscosity of 30 cP and a density of 60 lb/cu.ft. flows
through a 1/2-inch inside diameter pipe. Determine the velocity in
fps below which flow will be laminar.
0.63 13.1
147 Water at 60 deg F flows through a 3-inch inside diameter smooth
horizontal pipe. If the Reynold's number is 353000, calculate the
ratio of maximum velocity to average velocity.
1.05 1.22
148 The pressure after the pump in a 6-inch inside diameter smooth
pipe conducting water is 20 psia. The water is discharged at an
open tank 100 ft from the pump. Calculate the rate of discharge
of water in cu.ft/s.
0.6 3.58
149 A water storage tank assumes the supply of water into a factory.
Water is supplied to the tank through a booster pump installed in
the water line. The theoretical pump horsepower required is 3.25
hp. What is the monthly operating cost of the pump if electric
power cost on the average is PhP 3.73/kWh. The pump is 65%
efficient and operates for 12 hr a day.
PhP 3300 PhP 5000
150 When the impeller speed of an ideal centrifugal pump is doubled,
the vol. flow rate of discharge is increased by a factor of
1/2 1
151 The differential height between two points which a fluid has to be
transferred is the
potential head pressure head
152 The resistance of a layer of fluid to flow over the next layer is
measured by
viscosity friction factor
153 An axial flow pump operating at a speed of 880 rpm can supply
water at a rate of 3000 gpm. The maximum head that this pump
can deliver in ft. of water is
20 36
154 Specify the type of open impeller pump to use if the capacity is
400 gpm at a head of 200 ft of water.
3x2x8.5E 4x3x8.5E
155 What will be the rated capacity [gpm] of a 4-1/2 inch impeller
centrifugal pump operating at a speed of 3450 rpm capable of
generating a head of 40 ft of water.
95 134
156 If the speed of a centrifugal pump is doubled, the energy
requirement becomes approximately ___ times the original
energy requirement.
2 4
157 A cylindrical tank 1 ft in diameter discharges through a nozzle
connected to the base. Find the time needed for the water level
in the tank to drop from 4 ft to 2 ft above the nozzle. The
diameter of the nozzle is 1 inch and its discharge coefficient
maybe taken as unity.
32 55
158 The NPSH of a single suction centrifugal hot water pump at a
speed of 3550 rpm operating at a pressure of 600 psi and a
capacity of 450 gpm is ___ ft.
15 20
159 The rate of evaporation at a given operating temperature in a n
evaporator is more when
when the
operating
pressure is high
the operating
pressure is low
160 An optimim number of the effects for a given application is a
function of the
capacity economy
161 A popular type of heat exchanger for cooling large quantities of
fluid is the
double-pipe plate
162 An evaporator is used to concentrate 10,000 lb/hr of a 20%
solution of NaOH in water at 140
o
F using saturated steam at 25
psia at a rate of 7,000 lb/hr. The OHTC is 275 BTU/hr-ft
2
-
o
F
when the pressure in the vapor is 1.7 psia. The steam economy,
SE, is
0.82 0.863
163 A cross flow heat exchanger uses mixed air at 4 kg/s that enters
at 15
o
C and leaves at 45
o
C. The air cools unmixed water, which
enters at 95
o
C and 0.70 kg/s. The OHTC equals 150 W/m
2
-
o
C.
After several months of operation, a scale resistance of 0.002 m
2
-
o
C/W developed. 16. The heat transfer area required to
accomplish the change is
22.2 m
2
25 m
2
164 As solution of 28% wt Na
2
SO
4
is to be crystallized to yield
Glauber salt in a four section (one section is 10 ft in length)
Swenson Walker Crystallizer. It is fed to the unit at 120
o
F and
cooled to 60
o
F using cooling water which enters at 50
o
F and
leaves at 70
o
F. The crystallizer has a cooling surface of 3 ft
2
per
foot of length. The feed rate is 500 lb/hr and the crystallizer is
seeded with 50 lb/hr of 65 mesh crystals. 19. The amount of the
crystalline crop (C) produced in lb per hour is
285.3 249.3
165 An insulator should have low thermal
conductivity
high thermal
conductivity
166 Fouling factor is a
dimensionless
quantity
does not provide
a safety factor
for design
167 Natural convection is characterized by Reynolds
number
Grashhoff
number
168 The Graetz number is concerned with mass transfer
between a gas
and a liquid
absorption with
chemical
reaction
169 Dropwise condensation occurs on clean and dirt
free surfaces
smooth clean
surfaces
170 Dietus-Boelter equation for determination of heat transfer co-
efficient is valid
for liquid metals for fluid in
laminar flow
171 A type of pneumatic conveyor system characterized by a material
moving in an air stream or pressure less than ambient.
fluidizing pressure
172 If the total percentage of particles larger than the screen opening
in the feed, oversize, undersize are 36%, 89% and 3%,
respectively, the effectiveness of the screen if the undersize is
the product is
0.98 0.89
173 The estimated width of an apron conveyor having a capacity of
75 tons/hr at a speed of 50 ft/min is
305 mm 610 mm
174 It is defined as the ratio of the average diameter of the feed to
the average diameter of the product.
settling ratio screen-mesh no
175 The sphericity of cubical particles is 1 0.87
176 The separation of a dilute slurry or suspension by gravity settling
into a clear fluid and a slurry or suspension by gravity settling into
a clear fluid and a slurry of higher solids content is called
thickening classification
177 An ultracentrifuge is used to separate high-molecular weight
fractions in polymeric or biological systems. What is the gradient
for mass transfer in the separation using this mass transfer
device?
temperature pressure
178 Ordinary diffusion takes place because of ___ driving force. temperature pressure
179 What are the two limiting cases of steady-state diffusion? UMD and EMD ordinary and
Knudsen
180 Which of the following is not true in (binary) equimolar counter-
diffusion?
D
AB
= D
BA
c = c
A
+ c
B
181 A fluid is flowing on a surface, which contains a component that
leaches out to the fluid. Assuming that all the 3 regions of mass
transfer are present, in which of these regions is diffusion
controlling?
Knudsen region turbulent region
182
In unsteady-state mass transfer, the quantity (D
AB
t/r
m^
2
) is
referred to as
unaccomplishe
d change
relative
resistance
183 What is the equivalent of Prandtl number in convective mass
transfer?
Sc Sh
184 If k
x
> k
y
, then the controlling phase is the liquid phase the gas phase
185 In two-phase mass transfer, equilibrium may exist at the interface in the gas phase
186 Which of the following processes may always be regarded as a
constant- humidity process?
cooling of air air conditioning
187 Air conditioning in tropical countries involves humidification
by a process
similar to that in
a cooling tower
humidification by
a process
similar to air-
water vapor
saturator
188 What do you call the steady-state non-equilibrium temperature
reached when a small amount of water is contacted under
adiabatic conditions by a continuous stream of gas?
dry-bulb
temperature
wet-bulb
temperature
189 The moisture content of a solid is given as 50% wet basis. What
is the moisture content, dry basis?
0.5 1
190 The moisture that can be removed by drying is called equilibrium
moisture
bound moisture
191 Falling-period in drying terminates at the end of constant-
rate period
origin of R vs X
plot
192 Which is not true at the interphase of a gas scrubbing operation? the solute
concentration
of the gas is
less than that of
the bulk
the solute
concentration of
the liquid is less
than that of the
bulk
193 He and N
2
gas are contained in a conduit 5 mm in diameter and
a 0.1 m long at 298 K and a uniform pressure of He at one end of
the tube is 0.6 atm and 0.02 atm at the other end. Assuming
equimolar countercurrent diffusion, the flux in kmol/s-m
2
is
2.35 exp
-5
2.44exp
-5
194
100 m
3
/hr of air at 60C and 20% RH is needed for a chemical
reactor. This will be obtained from process air at 60C and 10%
RH by humidifying adiabatically the process air followed by
heating to its original temperature. The wattage of the heater at
80% efficiency is
5280 8490
195 Wet solid is to be dried from 36% to 8% moisture in 5 hr under
constant drying condition. Critical and equilibrium moisture
contents are 14 and 4% respectively. Calculate how much longer
will it take to dry the same material from 8% to 5.5% moisture
under constant drying condition. All moisture contents are on a
dry basis.
1 hr 1.6 hr
196 The unit of volumetric diffusivity is
cm^
2
/sec
cm/sec
197 If reflux to a distillation column is 100 moles/hr, when the
overhead product rate is 50 moles/hr. the reflux ratio is
0.5 2
198 Which of the following provides maximum contact surface for a
liquid-vapour system?
packed lower bubble-cup plate
column
199 In extraction, as the temperature increases, the area of
heterogeneity (area covered by bimodal curve)
decreases increases
200 The suitable evaporator for concentration of foaming liquids is long tube
evaporator
short tube
evaporator
201 Macroscopic transfer of mass between moving fluid and surface
which is of different concentration is called
molecular
diffusion
unsteady-state
diffusion
202 For a packed column the main purpose of packing is to strengthen the
column
increase the
surface area
203 In a gas absorption operation, when the operating line crosses
the equilibrium curve
the NTU is zero the liquid flow
rate is maximum
204 Methanol diffuses in 0.15 cm stagnant film of 1:1 mole mixture of
hydrogen and CO
2
at 100
o
C and 2 atm. The partial pressures of
methanol on both sides are 0.6 and 0.2 atm. The average
diffusivity of methanol in the hydrogen and CO
2
at 0
o
C and 1 atm
in cm
2
/s is
0.15 0.31
205 Gaseous reactant A decomposes according to the reaction A -->
3R (-r
A
= 0.5 C
A
mole/L-min). The feed, which consists of 70% A
and 30% inert, enters a 1.5-m
3
CSTR at a flow rate of 150 L/min.
4. If CA0 = 0.30 mole/L, what is the conversion, XA?
0.92 0.86
206 Between 0 degC and 50 degC, the average activation energy of a
certain reaction is 80 kJ/mol. How many times faster will the
reaction occur at 300 K than at 275 K?
14.7 18.5
207 Consider a gas-phase reaction 2A ---> R + 2S with unknown
kinetics. A space velocity of 0.8/min is needed for 95%
conversion of A in a PFR. Find the mean residence time or
holding time of the fluid in the PFR.
0.54 min 0.85 min
208 For Newtonian fluids, the shear stress is constant. inversely
proportional to
rate of
deformation.
209 An ideal fluid is one that is compressible incompressible
& viscous
210 Water flows through an 8-in (ID=7.981 in) steel pipe at an
average velocity of 6 ft/s. Downstream the pipe splits into an 8-in
main and a 2 in (ID=2.067 in) bypass pipes. If the velocity in the
bypass is twice the velocity of the main pipe, the volumetric flow
rate [ft
3
/s] in the main pipe is
10.58 5.29
211 An imaginary line within a fluid flow such that a tangent at any
point indicates the direction of flow at that point.
stream tube velocity profile
212
Air at 25
0
C [viscosity=0.018 cP] enters a section of 2-in schedule
40 commercial steel pipe at a gauge pressure of 310 kPa and a
flow rate of 1200 kg/h. Assuming isothermal flow, what is the
pressure drop [kPa] in 60 m of pipe?
350 155
213 A simple pitot tube measures acoustical
velocity
superficial
velocity
214 Which of the following meters will have the highest permanent
pressure loss?
pitot tube orifice
215 In the flow meter equation, Y, indicates the mass flow rate compressibility
factor
216 The loss due to sudden contraction is proportional to velocity turbulence
217 Stokes law is valid when the particle Reynolds number is < 1 > 1
218 Priming needed in a Reciprocating
pump
Gear pump
219 Maximum theoretical suction lift for water at 60F by a centrifugal
pump is 34 ft. The same for water at 200F will be
40 ft 37 ft
220 The most economical valve for use with large diameter pipes. butterfly globe
221 Multistage compressors are used in industry because, they reduce the cost
of compressor
reduce the size
requirement
222 For ideally incompressible fluid, the mach number will be 0 1
223 of the following produces maximum pressure difference for
transportation of gases?
vacuum pumps blowers
224 The fluid property which matters for falling rain drops to acquire
spherical shape is its
pressure height of
descend
225 A wastewater solution having a volume of 1000 L contains 0.21
kg phenol/m
3
of solution. A total of 1.40 kg fresh granular
activated carbon is added to the solution, which is then mixed
thoroughly to reach equilibrium. What is the amount of phenol
absorbed per kg carbon at equilibrium?
0.007 kg 0.106 kg
226 The overhead product composition decreases with time in batch distillation
with reflux
continuous
distillation with
reflux
227 For a binary mixture with low relativity, continuous rectification to
get pure products will require
low reflux ratio small cross-
section
228 Chemisorption is the same as
van der Waals
characterized by
adsorption of
heat
229 The stage efficiency in leaching depends on the time of contact
between the
solid and the
solution
rate of diffusion
of the solute
through the solid
and into the
liquid
230 Weeping in distillation or absorption column increases tray
efficiency
provides larger
surface for mass
transfer
231 What are the two contacting phase in leaching? extract phase
and raffinate
phase
solvent phase
and solute
phase
232 Hydrogen sulfide is removed from water by contacting the
solution with warm air. The operation is
Distillation Leaching
233 Disregarding the cost, which is the best solvent for the extraction
of acetic acid from an aqueous solution at 25deg C?
caproic acid chloroform
234 Professional Regulations Commission was created under P.D. No. 223 P.D. No. 233
235 A chemical engineer who designed and built a new type pf
reactor and for three years, sold many units to the public can still
patent his reactor.
TRUE FALSE
236 A person who has passed the Chemical Licensure Examination
can take his/her oath as a chemical engineer if his/her age is not
less than _______ years.
18 19
237 Which of the following is not a requirement for utility model
registration?
inventive step novelty
238 A section of the patent application containing detailed
descriptions of the benefits obtained from using the invention is
called the
disclosure abstract
239 A document issued by the DENR secretary indicating that the
proposed project will cause significant negative environmental
impact.
Environmental
Impact
Statement
Environmental
Compliance
Certificate
240 In the Philippines, sulfur for sulfuric acid manufacturing is
sourced from _______ industry.
paper cement
241 Sulfur is undesirable in petroleum because it causes
engine
knocking
it increases the
boiling pt of fuel
242 Materials added to detergent formulation to enhance cleaning
performance by exhibiting synergistic cleaning effect with
surfactant.
fillers brighteners
243 Polyethylene is an example of _____________ polymerization condensation addition
244 Principal chemical conversion in the production of resin from
monomer.
condensation hydration
245 Carbon black is added to rubber compounding as activator curing agent
246 The binder for all the powder materials of paint pigment vehicle
247 A fibrous material left after cane sugar has been milled is
commonly called as
bagasse pulp
248 Molasses is a by product of raw sugar from the ______ process milling extraction
249 Kraft process is a common name for sulfate pulping sulfite pulping
250 Water insoluble cell binders of wood pulp cellulose
251 DDT means Diphenyldichlor
otriphenylethan
e
dichlorodiphenyl
dichloroethane
252 Rancidity of oil can be reduced by decoloration hydrogenation
253 Varnish does not contain pigment dryer
254 Plasticisers are added to paints to make it
corrosion
resistant
make glossy
surface
255 Silicone is thermoplastic a monomer
256 The process involved in converting rubber into a thin sheet or
coating it on fabric is called
extrusion mastication
257 Alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS) is a detergent rubber
258 Neoprene is a monomer synthetic rubber
259
Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 10 MPa and 500
deg
C at a
rate of 3 kg/s and leaves at 0.1 MPa. If the power output of the
turbine is 2 MW, determine the turbine efficiency.
0.2348 0.3216
260 Work is a property of the
system
path function
261 Throttling process is a reversible
and isothermal
process
an irreversible
and constant
entropy
262 A sample consisting of 1.00 mole of Argon gas is expanded
isothermally and reversibly at 0C from 22.4L to 44.8L. The heat
absorbed by the system is
0 +1.13 kJ
263 Maximum work can be obtained from a system when the change
taking place in it is
isothermal adiabatic
264 The ratio of work performed by a system and the heat it
absorbed from a reservoir is referred to
Entropy Gibbs free
energy
265 According to the first law of thermodynamics Energy is
neither lost nor
gained in any
energy
transformation.
Perpetual
motion is
possible.
266 In a 3-stage compressor system whose isentropic efficiencies
are reported to be 0.75, 0.85 and 0.84, respectively, steam
initially at 10 kPa is compressed to a final pressure of 500 kPa.
The overall efficiency of the system is
greater than
0.85
in between 0.75
and 0.85
267 In choosing the refrigerant, the fluid must have the following
characteristics, except
environmentally
benign
has a vapor
pressure less
than
atmospheric
268 Coolers and boilers are ordinarily operated at ________
condition.
isobaric isenthalpic
269 For an isolated system, maximum entropy will occur at half-life critical condition
270 A carnot cycle consists of two isothermal
and two
adiabatic
process
two isochoric
and two
adiabatic
process
271 This is also known as the volume fraction of the voids in packed
beds.
sphericity porosity
272 A measure of the ratio of the drag force acting on a unit area of
the impeller & the inertial stress.
Froude number Reynolds
number
273 Sulfuric acid is pumped at 3 kg/s through a 60-m length of
smooth 25 mm pipe. If the pressure drop falls by one-half, what
will be the new flow rate [kg/s]? Assume the following properties
of sulfuric acid: SG = 1.84, viscosity = 25 cP.
3 2
274 The equation del(P) = -(rho)(g) del(z) is known as the hydrostatic
vertical law for which all the following assumptions are applied,
except
shear forces
are not involved
fluid is
incompressible
275 Which of the following can be adjusted by human operator in a
closed feedback control loop?
set point controller output
276 The thermocouple is based on the Seebeck effect which states
that a/an _____ is generated when opposite junction of certain
dissimilar pairs of wires are exposed to different temperatures.
current temperature
277 Dead time is a function of distance and momentum acceleration
278 A pneumatic controller is used to control temperature within the
range 280K to 310K. The controller is adjusted so that the output
pressure goes from 20kPa (valve fully open) to 105 Kpa (valve
fully closed) as the measured temperature goes from 295K to
300K with the sent point held constant. What is the proportional
gain?
2.83kPa/K 0.35kPa/K
279 The parameter which completely describes the behavior of the
response to a disturbance of a second order system is the
Time constant damping
coefficient
280 Water is flowing through a 3-inch schedule 40 pipe at 60 deg F.
A pitot tube is inserted at the centerline of the pipe and registers
a 3-inch Hg differential. What is the mass flow rate of the water?
11.61 ft/s 37.1 kg/s
281 An oil well is 1200 ft below ground level. Oil at 500 psig at the
bottom flows to ground level through a 12-inch schedule 80
commercial steel pipe. The oil has a SG of 0.86 and viscosity of
8 cP. The vol flow rate of oil in barrels per hour is
9365 9461
282 The equivalent diameter of a concentric annular space where 1-
inch OD pipe is located inside a 2-inch ID pipe is
pi/4 inch 1 inch
283 Based on Bond's crushing law, the power required to crush a
certain material will change by _____% if the diameter of the
product is made smaller by 50%.
20.2 41.4
284 The BPR of a 50% NaOH solution at an evaporator pressure of
4.7 psia is
73 degF 173 degF
C D ANSWER SCORE
globe valve orifice
0
0.03 0.038
0
turbulent flow
only
laminar flow
only
0
equal to the
heat transfer
coefficient
equivalent to
the resistance
offerred by the
pipe
equal to the
heat transfer
coefficient of
the steam 0
the minimum
number of
stages occur
when the tie
line coincides
with an
operating line.
the amount of
solvent used
must be
enough to form
2 phases.
0
rectification fractionation
0
minimum reflux optimum reflux
0
mol/liter/min liter/mol/min
0
no effect significant
effect
0
the heat
transfer is
constant
the
temperature is
uniform
throughout the
cylinder
0
transition plate bubble plate
0
supersaturated saturated 0
Sherwood,
Reynold's and
Schimdt No
Prandtl,
Schimdt and
Reynold's No
0
reduction ratio classification
ratio
0
the value of k is
independent of
the initial
concentrations
of A and B
the reaction
cannot proceed
0
orifice venturi
0
a function of
time
not uniform
throughout the
reactor and
varies from
time to time
0
book value market value
0
increases the
amount of
distillate
increases the
condenser duty
0
the gas phase
resistance is
negligible
the ratio of gas
phase
resistance to
liquid
resistance is
approximately
zero
0
Peclet, Stanton
and Prandtl Nos
Schimdt,
Peclet and
Friction Nos
0
45-degree
standard elbow
square-corner
elbow
0
compressor accumulator
0
1" dia Drawn
tubing
4" dia Riveted
steel pipe 0
through each
material is
inversely
proportional to
the thickness of
the material
is constant
throughout the
series of
materials
0
parallel
reactions
consecutive
reactions
0
air concret
0
humidification extraction
0
tangential
pressure
static pressure
0
concentration
gradient
momentum
gradient
0
113 deg F 146 deg F
0
1.484 0.581 0
1.5 0.6
0
33.4 54.4
0
128 kg 32 kg
0
26.4 57.8
0
1.5 2.75
0
over 20 million over 2 but less
than 3
0
0.0454 0.0252
0
6930000 2040000
0
saturation
temperature
dry-bulb
temperature 0
75.26 78.5
0
the temperature
of the air can
also be
maintained
constant
increase in the
humidity of the
air is
insignificant
0
0.02 0.01
0
equilibrium
moisture
content
critical
moisture
content
0
tray drier freeze drier
0
air flow
perpendicular to
the surface of
the solid
air flow parallel
to the solid
surface
0
surface renewal moisture
diffusivity
0
2.129 hrs 3.42 hrs
0
0.01155 0.00116
0
decreases with
time
no drying takes
place
0
to use cross
flow
evaporation
to use spray
percolators
0
1.5 2.3
0
5 6
0
radiation all of A, B and
C
0
radiation all of A, B and
C
0
inverse of the
total resistance
sum of the
individual
resistances
0
evaporation all of A, B and
C
0
451.7 475.1
0
5800 139200
0
5.51 m 4.14 m
0
966 kg 534 kg
0
85.8 sq.m. 88.5 sq.m.
0
14 kPa zero gauge
0
4.72 3.03
0
39 40
0
8 7
0
27.8 22.7
0
0.294 0.249
0
577 241
0
13.76 16.28
0
46.5 45.6
0
227.2 300
0
11994 20451
0
40130 45500
0
13.8 5
0
1163 19.4
0
4.67 2
0
95 100
0
7 0.52
0
31.7 37.1
0
851 900
0
0.75 1
0
[B]=0.4(1-
0.5x )/(1-x )
[B]=0.2
0
25.2 20
0
3478 3750
0
0.714 6.01
0
100 25
0
13943 W 19343 W
0
23 33
0
38 0.038
0
both contain the
same no of air
molecules
0
increases by
about 40%
decreases.
0
stays constant.
0
stays the same. may increase
or decrease.
0
The application
should be
rejected
because it
violates both
1st and 2nd
laws of Thermo.
The application
should be
given full
consideration
because it
does not
violate any
laws of
Thermodynami
cs.
0
increases 8x. increases 16x.
0
3 e7 5.2 e8
0
excess reactant product yield
0
reactant ratio fresh-feed
conversion 0
Latent Heat of
Condensation
Net Calorific
Value
0
moisture volatile
combustible
matters
0
Ultimate
analysis
Elemental
analysis
0
O2-free basis N2-free basis
0
Dulong's
formula
Oxygen
unaccounted
for equation
0
32.48 42.56 0
2.38 6.13
0
absolute
humidity of 0.05
60% saturation
0
PhP 434.16 PhP 450
0
0.03 0.05
0
4350 6000
0
9.5 17
0
0.9 0.92
0
51.2 22.76
0
7.86 23.1
0
1/conc 1/conc-time 0
2 1.5
0
adding a
catalyst
removing the
products of the
reaction
0
the net equation the rate law.
0
does not
depend on the
initial
concentrations
is not a
characteristic
of the reaction
0
8 16
0
nature of
reactants
temperature
0
> 0 <0 0
log Ca vs
reciprocal time
1/Ca vs time
0
lof Ca vs time Ca vs time
0
-ra = k Ca -ra = k Cb^2
0
Law of Mass
Action
Second Law of
Thermo
0
proportional to
initial conc
inversely
proportional to
initial conc
0
85.3 99.1
0
231 s 768 s
0
19.1 min 10.4 min
0
8.33 9.33
0
52.63 m 56.23 m
0
0.3394 0.6197
0
300 527
0
0.327 0.237
0
12.7 20.7
0
9550 10150
0
Cao/(1-2m) Cao/2
0
37.1 31.8
0
1/32 1/64
0
2 4
0
2 4
0
2 4
0
the suction
pressure is too
high
suction is lost
0
16.9 87.2
0
1.72 1.89
0
21 58.3
0
PhP 7000 PhP 12000
0
2 2exp2
0
velocity head dynamic head
0
surface tension drag coefficient
0
63 85
0
4x3x6 3x2x13
0
248 320
0
8 10
0
77 94
0
25 30
0
there is a
vacuum
when the liquid
level is high
0
efficiency none of the
given choices
0
shell and tube extended
surfaces
0
0.89 0.92
0
17 m
2
20 m
2
0
255.65 214.65
0
less resistance
to heat flow
a porous
structure 0
accounts for
additional
resistance to
heat flow
none of these
0
Peclet number Prandlt number
0
heat transfer in
turbulent flow
heat transfer in
laminar flow 0
contaminated
cooling
surfaces
polished
surfaces 0
for fluids in
turbulent flow
when
Grashhoff
number is very
important
0
pressure-
vacuum
vacuum
0
0.76 0.65
0
1220 mm 2400 mm
0
reduction ratio average
particle
diameter
0
0.7 0.6 0
sorting centrifugation
0
concentration electric field
0
concentration electric field 0
thermal and
ordinary
thermal and
Knudsen
0
J
A
= J
B
N
A
= -cD
AB
dx
A
/dz
0
buffer region viscous sub-
layer
0
relative time relative position
0
Bi Pe
0
the interface either of the
bulk phases
0
in the liquid
phase
in either film
0
water-cooling in
a cooling tower
heating of air
0
dehumidificatio
n and removal
of sensible heat
dehumidificatio
n by
condensing
water vapor in
a refrigerator
0
adiabatic
saturation
temperature
dew point
temperature
0
2 50
0
free moisture unbound
moisture
0
critical free
moisture
content
equilibrium
moisture
content
0
the solute
concentration of
the liquid and
gas phase are
equal
the solute
concentration
of the gas is
greater than
the liquid
0
1.77exp
-6
1.22 exp
-6
0
10050 11570
0
2.3 hr 2.9 hr
0
cm^
3
/sec cm^
2
/sec^
2
0
50 150
0
sieve-plate
column
wetted wall
column
0
remains
unchanged
0
vacuum
evaporator
falling film
evaporator
0
convective
mass transfer
all of these
0
increase the
pressure drop
in the tower
reduce the flow
rate across the
column
0
the gas flow
rate is
maximum
the number of
stages is
infinite
0
0.51 0.68
0
0.71 0.65
0
20.9 22.4
0
0.87 min 1.18 min
0
equal to shear
rate of
deformation.
a linear
function of the
shear rate of
deformation.
0
incompressible incompressible
& inviscid
0
1.84 0.25
0
streamline none of these
0
101.3 61
0
mean linear
velocity
local velocity
0
venturi rotameter
0
coefficient of
discharge
cross-sectional
area
0
velocity head static head 0
< 5 0 0
Centrifugal
pump
Diaphragm
pump
0
34 ft 8 ft
0
needle gate 0
resemble
closely to
isothermal
compression
are easy to
control
0
1.5 5 0
fans compressors
0
viscosity surface tension
0
0.189 kg 0.198 kg
0
continuous
distillation
without reflux
distillation
operating at
total reflux
0
less number of
trays
high reflux ratio
0
an irreversible
phenomenon
always in
equilibrium 0
both A and B either A or B
because these
two mean the
same thing
0
results due to
low gas velocity
is due to
bubble cups 0
feed phase and
solvent phase
overflow and
underflow 0
Absorption Stripping
0
3-heptanol toluene
0
P.D. No. 232 P.D. No. 826 0
it depends not governed
by law 0
21 23
0
industrial
applicability
a technical
solution to
problem
0
request claims
0
Environmental
Impact
Assessment
Environmental
Critical Project 0
petroleum detergents
0
it poisons the
catalyst in the
refining process
all that are
mentioned
0
builders perfume
0
copolymerizatio
n
natural
0
polymerization alkylation
0
retarders fillers 0
opacifier filler 0
cellulose waste
0
evaporation crystallization
0
bleaching calendering 0
xylem lignin 0
Dichlorodipheny
ldichlorobutane
diphenyldichlor
otriphenylbutan
e
0
oxidation purification 0
thinner anti-skinning
agent
0
increase
atmospheric
oxidation
give elasticity
and prevent
cracking of the
film
0
an inorganic
polymer
thermosetting
plastic
0
vulcanization calendering
0
pesticide polyester 0
polyester pigment
0
0.6784 0.7652
0
state function state
description of a
system
0
a reversible and
constant
entropy process
constant
enthalpy
process
0
+1.57 kJ +2.27 kJ
0
reversible irreversible
0
carnot
efficiency
Helmholtz free
energy
0
Energy is
conserved in
quality but not
in quantity.
Energy is being
created as time
passes. We
have more
energy in the
universe now
than when time
began.
0
less than 0.75 in between
0.84 and 0.90
0
must be
economically
viable
exist at a high
pressure at the
condensation
temperature
0
isothermal isentropic
0
equilibrium start of the
process
0
one isochoric,
one isobaric,
and two
adiabatic
process
one isothermal,
one isochoric
and two
adiabatic
process
0
superficial
velocity
specific volume
0
Mach number Power number
0
0.2 0.124
0
z axis is defined
vertical &
downward in
direction
normal surface
forces & gravity
are the only
forces involved
0
process
variable
load variable
0
emf resistance
0
time velocity 0
17kPa/K 0.06kPa/K
0
Rise time overshoot
0
37.1 lb/s 317 lb/s
0
52581 393308
0
1.5 inch 2 inches
0
50.5 58.6
0
233 degF 297 degF
0
NO QUESTION A
1 A valve that controls flow by means of a disk or wedge-shaped dam
sliding at right angles to the direction of flow and seating tightly in the
valve body is a
gate valve
2 The friction factor for flow through a pipe with relative roughness of
0.004 at a Reynold's No. of 80,000 is approximately equal to
0.052
3 The equation that relates friction factor and Reynold's No.,
f=64/Reynold's No. holds for
smooth pipes
4 Oil flows under laminar conditions inside a steam heated copper
pipe. The overall heat transfer coefficient is approximately
equal to the heat
transfer
coefficient of the
oil
5 In multi-stage liquid-liquid extraction with partially miscible solvents the extraction
must be done to
form co-currently
in order to
minimize the
extraction.
6 The enrichment of the vapor steam as it passes through the column
in contact with the reflux during distillation is called
evaporation
7 The maximum number of plates for a given distillation system is
obtained at
variable reflux
8 The correct unit for the specific rate constant for the reaction A--->B
determined to be first order is
square
liter/square
mol/min
9 On one side of a heat exchanger where either a condensing vapor or
a boiling liquid is present, the temperature may be assumed to be
constant. In determining the logarithmic mean temperature
difference the direction of flow will have
large effect
10 For a cylinder where steady-state radial heat transfer takes place the heat flux is
constant
11 A plate holding a pool of liquid from which rises a vapor whose
average composition is in equilibrium with a liquid whose
composition is the average of that of the liquid leaving the plate is
called
separation plate
12 Crystallization occurs in a solution that is concentrated
13 Mass transfer in a flowing fluid may be correlated by Sherwood,
Nusselt and
Reynold's No
14 The ratio of the average diameter of the feed to the average
diameter of the product is the
settling ratio
15 The rate of formation of C for the reaction 2A + B ---> C is found to
be rate=k(A)(B)
the rate of
formation of C is
equal to the rate
of disappearance
of B
16 A device for increasing the velocity of a fluid in steady flow is a nozzle
17 In steady-state backmix flow reactor, composition is not constant
throughout the
reactor
18 The amount of money obtainable from the sale of used property over
and above any changers involved in removal and sale is called
net value
19 In fractionation, an increase in reflux ratio increases the
number of
theoretical plates
20 In mass transfer where the solute in the gas phase is very soluble in
the liquid phase
the ratio of liquid
phase resistance
to the overall
resistance is
close to unity
21 Heat transfer in turbulent flow may be described through an
empirical equation correlating
Nusselt, Stanton
and Reynold's
Nos
22 Which of the following fittings exhibits the highest pressure drop for
the same flow conditions?
90-degree long
radius elbow
23 A chamber into which steam from a high pressure line can be bled
during periods of low steam demand from the power plant is called
switching bank
24 Which one of the following pipes has the highest relative roughness? 2" diameter
Wrought iron pipe
25 In steady-state heat transfer through a series of materials with
varying resistances, the heat transfer rate
decreases
towards the
direction of heat
transfer
26 Reactions whereby reactants proceed along several paths and give
different products are
polymeric
reactions
27 Which one among the following materials has the best insulating
property?
window glass
28 An operation where warm vapor mixture is cooled such as by contact
with a liquid resulting in condensation and decreased humidity is
evaporation
29 The pressure exerted on a plane parallel to the direction of flow of a
moving fluid is called
gauge pressure
30 For mass transfer to take place, there must be a phase change
31 Water vapor condenses at 1 atm on a tube whose surface
tmeperature is at 80 deg F. in analyzing the heat transfer through the
condensate film, it is best to evaluate the liquid properties at
212 deg F
32 The diffusity of water in air at 100 deg F in sq.cm./sec is 0.256
33 A fluid flowing at a rate of 25 cubic meters per hour inside a 60 mm
I.D. pipe has an average velocity in meter per sec equal to
5.9
34 An equimolar mixture of benzene and toluene is subjected to a
single batch distillation. Distillation is discontinued when 60% of the
benzene in the feed is distilled. At this instance the bottom product
when analyzed shows benzene to be 36.4 mole%. In the distillate,
the mole% of benzene is
66.6
35 When 32 kg of methane is burned completely the theoretical oxygen
required is
16 kg
36 The standard heat of reaction for the production of water gas, in
kcal/gmole, as given by the equation: C(s) + H2O(g) = CO(g) + H2(g)
is
32.2
37 A rectangular duct 4 ft x 1.5 ft in cross section carries conditioned
air. In determining the pressure drop through the duct the equivalent
diameter in ft may be used which in this case is
4
38 A gas decomposition reaction has an activation energy of 245
kJ/mol. The rate of reaction can be accelerated by using a platinum
catalyst where the activation energy for the resulting catalyzed
reactions is lower at 136 kJ/mol. Using Arrhenius' law and assuming
the frequency factor remains the same the catalyzed reaction is
faster than the original reaction by a factor of
over 100,000 but
less than a million
39 Water at 100 deg F is flowing through a straight 4-in Sch 40 pipe at a
rate of 1.0 gal/min. The length of the pipe is 10 ft. The velocity at the
center of the pipe in ft per sec is
0.0378
40 A metallic rod 2 cm in diameter is used as a heating element. The
thermal conductivity is 370 J/sec.sq.m.degC. The surface
temperature is maintained at 200 deg C. For the center of the rod not
to exceed 500 deg C, the maximum volumetric heat generation rate
within the metallic rod in J/sec cu.m. must be
4440000
41 This is a steady state temperature reached by a small amount of
liquid evaporating into a large amount of unsaturated vapor-gas
mixture.
wet-bulb
temperature
42 Air, supplied at the rate of 1200 cfm to a refrigerated coil, has a
relative humidity of 20% and dry bulb temperature of 150 deg F. The
mass flow of dry air entering per minute is
74.3
43 In adiabatic humidification, it is possible to maintain the temperature
of water constant since
according to the
phase rule, the
degrees of
freedom is 3
44 An air-carbon tetrachloride vapor mixture at 100 deg F dry bulb and
60 deg F wet bulb is heated until the temperature reaches 180 deg
F. the final percent relative humidity is about
0.1
45 The portion of water in the wet solid that cannot be removed by the
air in its contact is called
free moisture
46 This type of drier is used for drying pasty materials such as wet filter
cakes and lumpy solids
rotary drier
47 In the constant-rate period, the rate of drying is established by a balance of the
heat requirements
for evaporation
and the rate at
which heat
reaches the
surface
48 Unbound moisture in granular and porous solid moves through the
intertices of the solid by a mechanism involving
desorption
49 Wet solid is to be dried from 40% to 10% in 5 hours under constant
drying conditions. The critical moisture content is 20% and the
equilibrium moisture content is 7%. All moisture contents are on dry
basis. The time needed to dry from 15% to 5% free moisture under
the same drying conditions is
0.542 hrs
50 If the rate of drying under constant drying conditions with air at 140
deg F and absolute humidity of 0.03 lb water per lb dry air of
unknown mass of solid is given by R=0.5-exp(-60X) [in lb water/hr-
sqft], then the equilibrium moisture content (db) of the material is
0.12
51 In drying at the falling rate period, the rate at which moisture is
removed from the solid material
remains constant
52 The major problem in diffusion is to promote diffusion of the solute
out of the solid and into the liquid. The most effective way of doing
this is
to reduce the
solid to the
smallest size
feasible
53 A slurry flaked soybeans weighing 100 kg contains 75 kg inert solids
and 25 kg of solution 10 weight % oil and 90% wt solvent hexane.
This slurry is contacted with 100 kg pure hexane in a single stage so
that the value of retention for the outlet underflow is 1.5 kg of
insoluble solid per kg solvent in the adhering solution. The
composition of underflow leaving the extraction stage in %wt oil is
0.3
54 Tung meal containing 55% oil is to be extracted at the rate of 4000 lb
per hour using n-hexane containing 5% oil as solvent. A
countercurrent mulitple stage extraction system is to be used. The
meal retains 2 lb of solvent per pound of oil free meal while the
residual charge contain 0.11 lb oil per lb oil free meal while the
product is conposed of 15% oil. The theoretical number of ideal
stages is
3
55 The movement of molecules over a substantial distance is
associated with the transfer of heat by
convection
56 The mode of heat transfer that can take place in a vacuum is known
as
convection
57 The overall conductance for a composite material in series is equal
to the
sum of the
individual
conductances
58 Film and drop are terms associated with boiling
59 A 6-in Sch 80 steel pipe is carrying glycerin at an average
temperature of 100 deg F. The pipe is uninsulated, and the outside
temperature is 30 deg F. The inside film conductance is 1000 Btu/h-
ft-degF while the outside film conductance is 3.0 Btu/h-sq.ft.-degF.
Determine the heat lost [Btu] per minute from a 75-ft length of the
pipe. Glycerine is flowing at 800 gpm.
99.95
60 An oak (k=0.096 Btu/h-ft-degF) door, 30 in wide, 78 in high, and 2 in
thick, has 9 glass (k=0.45 Btu/h-ft-degF) windows, each 6 in by 8 in
by 1/4 in thick. Determine the amount of heat lost [Btu] each day with
a surface-to-surface temperature difference of 80 deg F.
97
61 Determine the length needed for a simple concentric-tube, parallel
flow heat exchanger to transfer heat from hot water to cold water at a
rate of 900 W. The heat exchanger consists of two Type K copper
(k=386 W/m-degC) tubes. The smaller tube has an inside diameter
of 49.8 mm and an outside diameter of 54.0 mm. Assume that both
film coefficients are equal to 100 W/sq.m.-degC. The hot water
enters at 90 degC and leaves at 50 degC, and the cold water enters
at 10 degC and leaves at 40 degC.
185.5 m
62 A saturated solution containing 1500 kg of potassium chloride at 360
K is cooled in an open tank to 290K. If the specific gravity of the
solution is 1.2, the solubility of potassium chloride per 100 parts of
water is 53.55 at 360K and 34.5 at 290K, calculate the amount of
crystals obtained assuming that loss of water by evaporation is
negligible.
4301 kg
63 An evaporator, working at atmospheric pressure, is to concentrate a
solution from 5% to 20% solids at the rate of 1.25 kg/s. The solution
which has a specific heat of 4.18 kJ/kg-K is fed to the evpaorator at
295K and boils at 380K. Dry saturated steam at 240 kPa is fed to the
calandria and the condensate leaves at the temperature of the
condensing steam. If the heat transfer coefficient is 2.3 kW/sq.m-K,
what is the required area of heat transfer surface. The latent heat of
vaporization maybe taken as the same as that of water.
55.8 sq.m.
64 2.5 kg/s of a solution at 288K containing 10% dissolved solids is fed
to a forward-feed double effect evaporator operating at a pressure of
14 kPa in the last effect. If the product is to consist of a liquid
containing 50% by weight of dissolved solids and dry saturated
steam is fed to the steam coils, what should be the pressure of the
steam? The surface in each effect is 50 sq.m. and the coefficients
for heat transfer in the first and second effects are 2.8 and 1.7
kW/sq.m.-K respectively. Assume that the concentrated solution
exhibits a boiling point rise of 5 degK, that the latent heat has a
constant value of 2260 kJ/kg and that the specific heat of the liquid
stream is constant at 3.75 kJ/kgK.
115 kPa
65 An acetone-air mixture containing 0.015 mol fraction of acetone has
the mol fraction reduced to 1% of this value by countercurrent
absorption with water in a packed tower. The gas flow-rate G is 1
kg/sq.m-s of air and the water entering is 1.6 kg/sq.m-s. For this
system, Henry's law holds and Ye=1.75x, where Ye is the mol
fraction of acetone in the vapour in equilibrium with a mol fraction x
in the liquid. How many overall transfer units are required?
10.92
66 A still has a liquor composition of ortho-xylen 10%, meta-xylene
65%, para-xylene 17%, benzene 4%, and ethylbenzene 4%. How
many plates at total reflux are required to give a product of 80%
meta-xylene and 14% para-xylene? The data are given as mole
percent.
37
67 A mixture of alcohol and water with 0.45 mol fraction of alcohol is to
be continuously distilled in a column so as to give a top product of
0.825 mol fraction alcohol and a liquor at the bottom with 0.05 mol
fraction alcohol. How many theoretical plates are required if the
reflux ratio used is 3?
10
68 Prepared cottonseed meats containing 35% extractable oil are fed to
a continuous countercurrent extractor of the intermittent drainage
type using hexane as solvent. The extractor consists of ten sections,
the section efficiency being 50%. The entrainment, assumed
constant, is 1 kg solution/kg solids. What will be the oil concentration
in the outflowing solvent if the extractable oil content in the meats is
to be reduced to 0.5% by weight?
72.2
69 0.4 kg/s of dry seashore sand, containing 1% by weight of salt, is to
be washed with 0.4 kg/s of fresh water running countercurrent to the
sand through two classifiers in series. Assume that perfect mixing of
the sand and water occurs in each classifier and that the sand
discharged from each classifier contains one part of water for every
two of sand (by weight). If the washed sand is dried in a kiln drier,
what percent of salt will it retain?
0.492
70 Forty-five pounds per minute of water is heated from 60 to 180 deg F
in a 5/8 in., 16 BWG heat exchanger tube. If the steam condensing
at 260 deg F, on the outside of the tube gives an h of 1000 Btu/hr-
sq.ft.-degF, calculate the inside heat transfer coefficient [Btu/hr-cu.ft-
degF].
2173
71 How many cu.ft. per minute of entering air is needed to evaporate 10
lb of water per hour from a rayon, if the air enters at 80 deg F and
25% humidity and leaves at 170 deg F and 55% relative humidity.
The operating pressure is 14.3 psia.
12.54
72 Nicotine is to be extracted from water using kerosene. If 100 lb of a
2% nicotene solution is extracted once with 200 lb of kerosene, what
percent of the nicotene is extracted? {Equilibrium data: Y[lb
nicotene/lb kerosene] = 0.90X [lb nicotene/lb water]}
64.5
73 We must cool 2500 gpm of water from 120 to 80 deg F. A cooling
tower, at 70 deg F and 1 atm, is to be designed to operate with
entering air of 40% relative humidity. How many gpm of makeup
water must be supplied if windage loss is 95% of the amount lost by
evaporation.
77.2
74 We wish to build an economical cold room 20 ft square and 10 ft
high. The outside temperature is 80 deg F and te room is to be
maintained at 0 deg F. The boss has suggested parallel wooden
outer and inner walls separated by a 6-in air space. What will be the
heat loss [Btu/hr] through each wall?
3537
75 A colloidal solution is to be concentrated from 15 to 65% solids. The
specific heat of the feed, entering at 50 deg F is 0.93. The pressure
of the saturated steam to the evaporator is 10 psia; the condenser
pressure is 5-in. Hg abs. The steam chest has an overall heat
transfer coefficient of 200 Btu/hr-sq.ft.-degF. Water must be
evaporated at the rate of 35,000 lb/hr. Neglecting boiling point
elevation, what is the steam consumption [lb/hr]?
10500
76 What is the settling time [sec] for galena particles to settle under free
settling conditions through 5 ft of water at 50 deg F. Galena is
spherical in shape, with specific gravity and 0.01 inch in diameter.
38.1
77 A 10-ft diameter tank with a quick-opening value to a sump has a 10-
ft depth of liquid. How long [t in sec] does it take to drain the tank if
the valve is assumed to be equivalent to a 4-in diameter orifice? The
liquid density is 60 lb/cu.ft.
2951
78 What size sharp-edged orifice [inches] was in use if a flow of 120
gpm produced a 4-in Hg differential in a 4-in Schedule 40 pipe. The
fluid, measured at 60 degF, had a viscosity of 1 cSt and a specific
gravity of 1.
2.21
79 Seven hundred gallons per minute of water are being discharged by
a centrifugal pump 5 ft above the pump inlet. The inlet pressure is 4-
in Hg above atmospheric and the discharge pressure is 29 psia. If
the pump has an 8-inch diameter inlet and a 4-inch diameter
discharge, calculate the pump efficiency.
63
80 Determine the net positive suction head available to a centrifugal
pump when the level of water is just at the suction point. The
pumped fluid is water at 140 deg F and it is pumped from an
atmospheric tank at 250 gpm. The tank suction point is 7 ft above
the pump. The piping is 5-in Schedule 40, 10-ft long with two short
radius 90 deg elbows. [Use density=61.38 lb/cuft, Pv=2.89 psi,
viscosity=0.47 cP]
34.2
81 Water at 60 deg F flows through a 3-inch Schedule 40 pipe. A pitot
tube in the pipe shows a 3-inch Hg differential. If the pitot tube is
located at the center of the pipe, what is the mass flow rate of the
water [lb/s]?
11.61
82 The gas phase irreversible reaction A+B---->C is elementary. The
entering flow rate of A is 10 mol/min and is equal molar in A and B.
The entering concentration of A is 0.4 mol/L. What CSTR volume [L]
is necessary to achieve 90% conversion?
113
83 The irreversible zero order gas phase dimerization 2A ----->A2 is
carried out in a packed bed reactor with 5 kg of catalyst. The
entering pressure is 10 atm and the exit pressure is 1 atm. Pure A
enters at a flow rate of 10 mol/min. The reaction is zero order in A.
What is the exit conversion?
0.15
84 The gas phase reaction 2A+B----->C is carried out in a PFR. The
feed is equal molar in A and B and the entering temperature is 500K
and the entering pressure is 16.4 atm. If the exit conversion is x,
then the exit concentration of B is
[B]=0.4(1-x )/(1-
0.5x )
85 Heat is generated in a 2.5 cm square copper rod at the rate of
35.3e6 W/cu.m. The rod is exposed to a convection environment at
20 deg C where the convection heat transfer coefficient is 4
kW/sq.m.-degC. Determine the surface temperature [deg C] of the
rod.
75.2
86 A 5cm diameter cylinder is maintained at a constant temperature of
200 deg C and it is "completely enclosed" by a wind tunnel test
chamber, walls of which are at 10 deg C. Air at 350K is forced
across the cylinder at a velocity of 50 m/s (h=180 W/m-degC). If the
surface emissivity of the cylinder is 0.7, determine the total (i.e.,
convective and radiative) heat transfer from the cylinder [W per
meter length].
13
87 A building wall consists of a 6-in of concrete (kc= 0.7 Btu/hr-ft-degF),
2 in of fiber insulating board, and 3/8 in of gypsum board (kg=0.03
Btu/hr-ft-degF). The inside and outside heat transfer coefficients are
2 and 7 Btu/hr-sqft-degF, respectively. The inside temperature is 72
degF and the outside temperature is 20 degF. Determine the overall
heat transfer coefficient for this wall [Btu/hr-sqft-degF].
0.028
88 Current is passed through a cylindrical laboratory heater, which has
a 3 cm diameter, generating heat at the rate of 20 MW/cu.m. The
heater is exposed to a convection environment at 25 degC where the
convection heat transfer coefficient is 0.5 kW/sq.m.-degC.
Determine its surface temperature [degC].
325
89 A straight rectangular fin has a length of 3.5 cm, a thickness of 1.5
mm, and is made of a material characterized by thermal conductivity
of 255 W/m-degC. The fin is exposed to a convection environment at
20 degC and h=1.5 kW/sq.m.-degC. Determine the maximum
possible heat transfer from this fin for the base temperature of 150
degC.
1500 W
90 A gaseous fuel is composed of 20% methane( CH4), 40% ethane
(C2H6) and 40% propane (C3H8), where all percentages are by
volume. The volumetric analysis of the dry products of combustion
(ie. everything except the water) for this fuel gives 10.6% carbon
dioxide (CO2), 3% oxygen (O2), 1% carbon monoxide (CO) and
85.4% nitrogen (N2). Determine the air fuel ratio on a mass basis for
this reaction.
1
91 Dodecane (C12H26) gas at 25 degC is burned in a steady flow
combustion chamber with 20% excess air that enters at -23.15
degC. The products leave the combustion chamber at 500K.
Assuming steady operating conditions and complete combustion,
determine the required mass flow rate of the dodecane to supply
heat at a rate of 1.5 kW [kg/s].
170
92 Two rooms A and B of identical volume are connected by an open
doorway. The thermostat in the rooms are set so that Ta<Tb. Which
room contains more air molecules?
A
93 If the absolute temperature of a gas is doubled, the mean speed of
the gas molecules
is doubled.
94 When ice cubes melt in a glass of water, the temperature of the
resulting mixture of water and ice
increases.
95 In all naturally occurring processes, the entropy of the universe increases.
96 An inventor seeking a patent claims that a building may be
comfortably heated in winter by a device that draws heat into the
building from the earth, even though the temperature of the earth is
lower than the desired temperature inside the building. He further
claims that the quantity of heat supplied to the building in a given
time period can significantly exceed the work done by the device
during the same period. If you were a patent clerk (like the young
Albert Einstein), what should be your recommendation about the
application?
The application
should be
rejected because
it violates the first
law of
Thermodynamics.
97 A fixture containing an ordinary incandescent light bulb is connected
to a dimmer switch. The dimmer is adjusted so that the temperature
of the tungsten filament inside the bulb increases from 1300K to
2600K. The total power radiated by the bulb
doubles.
98 A 30 MW geothermal electric power plant uses hot steam from the
earth at 157 deg C to heat and vaporize isobutane, which turns a
turbine that is connected to a generator. The isobutane is
subsequently cooled to 27 degC using fans and condensed back to
a liquid. The overall efficiency of the plant is 40% of the ideal
(Carnot) efficiency. How many joules of heat must be released to the
atmosphere per second?
2.5 e8
99 The material which remains unchanged in a process is limiting reactant
100 The ratio of the total quantity of a reactant present in the reactor feed
of a recycling operation to the quantity of the same reactant entering
the operation as fresh feed is the
recycle ratio
101 The heating value measured when water formed from combustion is
in the liquid state.
Gross Calorific
Value
102 In the combustion of solid fuels, the tie element between the feed
and the refuse is the
cooked coal
103 The coal analysis which is based upon the volatilization
characteristics of the fuel is
Proximate
analysis
104 An Orsat analysis of the flue gas when pyrite is roasted is on a SO2-free basis
105 The empirical relation which allows one to compute for the net
hydrogen in a given solid fuel is the
Calderwood
equation
106 The equivalent of 45degTw in the Baume scale is 26.63
107 A furnace completely burns coal containing 70%C. Analysis of the
flue gas shows 15% CO2, 4% O2, 81% N2, and no CO. What is the
% of the net hydrogen in the coal?
1.2
108 Which has the lowest water content? dew point at
20degC
109 A contract was made between a buyer and a paper manufacturer for
paper containing 5% moisture at PhP450/tonne FOB on
specifications that price adjustment will be made if the quality is
different. How much should the buyer pay for 1 tonne of paper with
8% moisture content? Freiht cost is PhP45/tonne.
PhP 405
110 One drier will dry a material from 45% moisture (wb) to 20%
moisture (db). From here the material enters another drier where the
water content is further reduced to give a final product weighing 1000
kg. If the total evporation from both driers is 800 kg, the moisture of
the final product is
0.01
111 An experimental oil is used to distill 6000 kg.hr of Athabasta tar sand
which analyzes 30% 'heavy oil', 'light oil', and non-volatile matter. If
the distillate contains 12 % heavy oil and this constitutes 25%
recovery of the component, the weight in kg of the distillate obtained
is
2250
112 Coal fired in a furnace has a heating value of 13800 Btu/lb and
contains 78.05%C and 1.2%S. The proximate analysis shows 4%M,
24%FC, 8%A and the analysis of the refuse shows 8%VCM, 25%FC
and 32% ash. Calculate the % of C lost in the refuse.
4.22
113 Ninety grams of ethane and 384 grams of oxygen are fed
continuously to a laboratory furnace. The total combustion products
collected was 16.2 gmole with no carbon dioxide. However, not all of
the ethane was burned due to faulty combustion. The fraction of
ethane that was burned is equal to
0.8
114 The furnace at the Bataan refinery is using a fuel gas which contains
methane, ethane and 20% nitrogen. The orsat analysis of the
combustion products showed 7.8% CO2, 7.4% O2, and 84.8% N2.
The gas is burned with excess air. The % methane in the fuel gas is
63.25
115 Pyrite containing 78% FeS2 and 22% gangue is burned with excess
air to produce a stack gas with the following analysis: 7.29% SO2,
8.92%O2, 82.44%N2 and 1.35%SO3. If the cinder was found to
have a partial analysis of 62.10% Fe2O3, the % of FeS2 lost in the
pyrite is
3.52
116 The unit of k for a 1st order elementary reaction is 1/time
117 If the temperature of a chemical reaction is raised by 10 degC, the
rate of reaction is increased by a factor of
4
118 The E of a reaction may be lowered by increasing
temperature
119 The mechanism of a reaction can sometimes be deduced from the activation
energy
120 The equilibrium constant in a reversible chemical reaction at a given
temperature
depends on the
initial conc of the
reactants
121 If the volume of a reaction vessel is suddenly reduced to one half its
original volume the rate will increase by a factor of
2
122 The rate of reaction is not influenced by conc of the
reactants
123 The net rate of reaction of an intermediate is 0
124 A reaction is known to be first order in A. A straight line will be
obtained by plotting
log Ca vs time
125 If the reaction 2A ---> B+C is second order, which of the following
plots will give a straight line?
Ca^2 vs time
126 For the reaction A+B ---> 2C, when Ca is doubled the rate doubles,
when Cb is doubled the rate increases fourfold. The rate law is
-ra = k Ca^2 Cb^4
127 It states that the rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the
activity of the reactants.
Le Chatelier's
principle
128 The half life of a material undergoing second order decay is proportional to the
square of the
initial conc
129 A fluid flows through 2 CSTR in series. Each reactor has a capacity
of 400,000 L and the fluid enters at 100 L per hr. The fluid undergoes
a first order decay with a half life of 24 hours. Find the conversion of
the fluid.
66.8
130 A first order reaction has a specific rate constant of 3e-3 per sec.
The half life is
0.0021 s
131 A certain reaction is 1st order in A. In 30 min, the concentration of A
decreases from 0.55 to 0.15 mol/L. The time it will take for A to
decrease from 0.35 to 0.15 mol/L is
45.1 min
132 A gas decomposes at 900 degC according to 2A--->2R+S with a rate
constant of 1000 cc/gmol-s using pure A. The time it will take to
react 80% of A in a batch reactor at 900 degC and 1 atm in min is
3.83
133 Calculate the length of a chlorinating pipe line with diameter of 0.6 m
required to kill 95% of the bacteria in waste water flowing at 0.05
cu.m/s. Test shows that 95.33% kill is obtained in 5 minutes when
treated with 5 mg/L of chlorine. Chlorine disinfection kinetics is given
by the equation: dC/dt = k Ct^1.5 where C = number of bacteria.
Assume that the same concentration of chlorine is used in actual
treatment operation.
25.36 m
134 The set of data given below is for the parallel reaction: a---k1-->2R,
a---k2-->S. At t=0, Ca=15 moles/cuft, Cr = 1 mole/cuft, Cs=1
mole/cuft; At t=1 hr, Cro = 9 moles/cuft, Cs = 3 moles/cuft. The value
of K2 per hour is
0.1697
135 A batch reaction 2D+E----->F has a conversion factor expressed by
the equation r =0.24 t^0.5 where r = conversion factor based on the
reactant E; t = time in hours which ranges from 0.5 to 16 hours per
batch depending upon the process variables. The average molecular
weight of the feed is 60 and a density of 1.4 g/cc. The feed consists
of 2 kgmole of D and 1 kgmole of E. The charging, cleaning and
discharging time per batch is 2.5 hrs and the volume of the reactor is
twice the volume of the feed. Assume 300 days per year and 12
hours operation/day. The volume of the reactor in liters is
257
136 A container holds 100 gal of salt solution containing 50 lb of
dissolved salt. The bottom of the container is covered with a layer of
rock salt. The bottom of the container is covered with a layer of rock
salt whose surface is practically constant. The salt dissolved into the
solution according to r = k(C-3) where C is the concentration of the
brine expressed in lb/gal. If the water in the tank were fresh, the rate
of solution would be 1.0 lb/min. Fresh water enters at 3 gpm and
brine overflows at the same rate. Assume constant volume at any
brine concentration, the concentration of brine in container after 1
hour in lb/gal of salt is
0.732
137 An aqueous solution of ethyl acetate is to be saponified with NaOH.
The initial concentration of the ethyl acetate is 5 g/L and that of the
caustic soda is 0.10M. Values of the second order rate constant in
L/gmole-min are k = 23.5 at 0 degC; k = 92.4 at 20 degC. The
reaction is essentially irreversible. The time required to saponify 95%
of the water at 40 deg C is
10.3
138 At 500K the rate of bimolecular reaction is 10 times the rate at 400K.
Find E in cal, the activation energy for this reaction from Arrhenius
Law.
8150
139 The reaction A+2B--->R is 1st order with respect to each reactant. If
equimolar amounts of A and B are introduced into a constant-volume
reactor and (1/m) th of A remains after t1, how much will remain after
t2=2t1?
Cao/2m
140 When the 1st order homogeneous reaction (gas-phase) A--->2.5R is
carried out in an isothermal batch reactor at 2 atm with 20% inerts
present, the volume increases by 60% in 20 min. When the reaction
is carried out in a constant volume reactor, the time required for the
pressure to reach 8 atm if the initial pressure is 5 atm, 2 atm of
which consist of inerts in min is
43.1
141 When the ID of the pipe through which a fluid flows is doubled, the
pressure loss due to friction per unit length of pipe and for the same
volumetric flow rate is changed by approximately a factor of
1/8
142 When two centrifugal pumps are connected in series, the discharge
changes by a factor of
1/2
143 When two reciprocating pumps are connected in parallel, the
volumetric capacity of the system changes by a factor of
1/2
144 The pressure drop in a pipeline changes by a factor of _____ when
the velocity of the flowing fluid is doubled.
1/2
145 Cavitation occurs in a centrifugal pump when the discharge
pressure
becomes too high
146 Oil with a viscosity of 30 cP and a density of 60 lb/cu.ft. flows through
a 1/2-inch inside diameter pipe. Determine the velocity in fps below
which flow will be laminar.
0.63
147 Water at 60 deg F flows through a 3-inch inside diameter smooth
horizontal pipe. If the Reynold's number is 353000, calculate the ratio
of maximum velocity to average velocity.
1.05
148 The pressure after the pump in a 6-inch inside diameter smooth pipe
conducting water is 20 psia. The water is discharged at an open tank
100 ft from the pump. Calculate the rate of discharge of water in
cu.ft/s.
0.6
149 A water storage tank assumes the supply of water into a factory.
Water is supplied to the tank through a booster pump installed in the
water line. The theoretical pump horsepower required is 3.25 hp.
What is the monthly operating cost of the pump if electric power cost
on the average is PhP 3.73/kWh. The pump is 65% efficient and
operates for 12 hr a day.
PhP 3300
150 When the impeller speed of an ideal centrifugal pump is doubled, the
vol. flow rate of discharge is increased by a factor of
1/2
151 The differential height between two points which a fluid has to be
transferred is the
potential head
152 The resistance of a layer of fluid to flow over the next layer is
measured by
viscosity
153 An axial flow pump operating at a speed of 880 rpm can supply
water at a rate of 3000 gpm. The maximum head that this pump can
deliver in ft. of water is
20
154 Specify the type of open impeller pump to use if the capacity is 400
gpm at a head of 200 ft of water.
3x2x8.5E
155 What will be the rated capacity [gpm] of a 4-1/2 inch impeller
centrifugal pump operating at a speed of 3450 rpm capable of
generating a head of 40 ft of water.
95
156 If the speed of a centrifugal pump is doubled, the energy
requirement becomes approximately ___ times the original energy
requirement.
2
157 A cylindrical tank 1 ft in diameter discharges through a nozzle
connected to the base. Find the time needed for the water level in
the tank to drop from 4 ft to 2 ft above the nozzle. The diameter of
the nozzle is 1 inch and its discharge coefficient maybe taken as
unity.
32
158 The NPSH of a single suction centrifugal hot water pump at a speed
of 3550 rpm operating at a pressure of 600 psi and a capacity of 450
gpm is ___ ft.
15
159 The rate of evaporation at a given operating temperature in a n
evaporator is more when
when the
operating
pressure is high
160 An optimim number of the effects for a given application is a function
of the
capacity
161 A popular type of heat exchanger for cooling large quantities of fluid
is the
double-pipe
162 An evaporator is used to concentrate 10,000 lb/hr of a 20% solution
of NaOH in water at 140
o
F using saturated steam at 25 psia at a rate
of 7,000 lb/hr. The OHTC is 275 BTU/hr-ft
2
-
o
F when the pressure in
the vapor is 1.7 psia. The steam economy, SE, is
0.82
163 A cross flow heat exchanger uses mixed air at 4 kg/s that enters at
15
o
C and leaves at 45
o
C. The air cools unmixed water, which enters
at 95
o
C and 0.70 kg/s. The OHTC equals 150 W/m
2
-
o
C. After
several months of operation, a scale resistance of 0.002 m
2
-
o
C/W
developed. 16. The heat transfer area required to accomplish the
change is
22.2 m
2
164 As solution of 28% wt Na
2
SO
4
is to be crystallized to yield Glauber
salt in a four section (one section is 10 ft in length) Swenson Walker
Crystallizer. It is fed to the unit at 120
o
F and cooled to 60
o
F using
cooling water which enters at 50
o
F and leaves at 70
o
F. The
crystallizer has a cooling surface of 3 ft
2
per foot of length. The feed
rate is 500 lb/hr and the crystallizer is seeded with 50 lb/hr of 65
mesh crystals. 19. The amount of the crystalline crop (C) produced
in lb per hour is
285.3
165 An insulator should have low thermal
conductivity
166 Fouling factor is a
dimensionless
quantity
167 Natural convection is characterized by Reynolds number
168 The Graetz number is concerned with mass transfer
between a gas
and a liquid
169 Dropwise condensation occurs on clean and dirt free
surfaces
170 Dietus-Boelter equation for determination of heat transfer co-efficient
is valid
for liquid metals
171 A type of pneumatic conveyor system characterized by a material
moving in an air stream or pressure less than ambient.
fluidizing
172 If the total percentage of particles larger than the screen opening in
the feed, oversize, undersize are 36%, 89% and 3%, respectively,
the effectiveness of the screen if the undersize is the product is
0.98
173 The estimated width of an apron conveyor having a capacity of 75
tons/hr at a speed of 50 ft/min is
305 mm
174 It is defined as the ratio of the average diameter of the feed to the
average diameter of the product.
settling ratio
175 The sphericity of cubical particles is 1
176 The separation of a dilute slurry or suspension by gravity settling into
a clear fluid and a slurry or suspension by gravity settling into a clear
fluid and a slurry of higher solids content is called
thickening
177 An ultracentrifuge is used to separate high-molecular weight
fractions in polymeric or biological systems. What is the gradient for
mass transfer in the separation using this mass transfer device?
temperature
178 Ordinary diffusion takes place because of ___ driving force. temperature
179 What are the two limiting cases of steady-state diffusion? UMD and EMD
180 Which of the following is not true in (binary) equimolar counter-
diffusion?
D
AB
= D
BA
181 A fluid is flowing on a surface, which contains a component that
leaches out to the fluid. Assuming that all the 3 regions of mass
transfer are present, in which of these regions is diffusion
controlling?
Knudsen region
182
In unsteady-state mass transfer, the quantity (D
AB
t/r
m^
2
) is referred to
as
unaccomplished
change
183 What is the equivalent of Prandtl number in convective mass
transfer?
Sc
184 If k
x
> k
y
, then the controlling phase is the liquid phase
185 In two-phase mass transfer, equilibrium may exist at the interface
186 Which of the following processes may always be regarded as a
constant- humidity process?
cooling of air
187 Air conditioning in tropical countries involves humidification by
a process similar
to that in a cooling
tower
188 What do you call the steady-state non-equilibrium temperature
reached when a small amount of water is contacted under adiabatic
conditions by a continuous stream of gas?
dry-bulb
temperature
189 The moisture content of a solid is given as 50% wet basis. What is
the moisture content, dry basis?
0.5
190 The moisture that can be removed by drying is called equilibrium
moisture
191 Falling-period in drying terminates at the end of constant-
rate period
192 Which is not true at the interphase of a gas scrubbing operation? the solute
concentration of
the gas is less
than that of the
bulk
193 He and N
2
gas are contained in a conduit 5 mm in diameter and a
0.1 m long at 298 K and a uniform pressure of He at one end of the
tube is 0.6 atm and 0.02 atm at the other end. Assuming equimolar
countercurrent diffusion, the flux in kmol/s-m
2
is
2.35 exp
-5
194
100 m
3
/hr of air at 60C and 20% RH is needed for a chemical
reactor. This will be obtained from process air at 60C and 10% RH
by humidifying adiabatically the process air followed by heating to its
original temperature. The wattage of the heater at 80% efficiency is
5280
195 Wet solid is to be dried from 36% to 8% moisture in 5 hr under
constant drying condition. Critical and equilibrium moisture contents
are 14 and 4% respectively. Calculate how much longer will it take to
dry the same material from 8% to 5.5% moisture under constant
drying condition. All moisture contents are on a dry basis.
1 hr
196 The unit of volumetric diffusivity is
cm^
2
/sec
197 If reflux to a distillation column is 100 moles/hr, when the overhead
product rate is 50 moles/hr. the reflux ratio is
0.5
198 Which of the following provides maximum contact surface for a
liquid-vapour system?
packed lower
199 In extraction, as the temperature increases, the area of
heterogeneity (area covered by bimodal curve)
decreases
200 The suitable evaporator for concentration of foaming liquids is long tube
evaporator
201 Macroscopic transfer of mass between moving fluid and surface
which is of different concentration is called
molecular
diffusion
202 For a packed column the main purpose of packing is to strengthen the
column
203 In a gas absorption operation, when the operating line crosses the
equilibrium curve
the NTU is zero
204 Methanol diffuses in 0.15 cm stagnant film of 1:1 mole mixture of
hydrogen and CO
2
at 100
o
C and 2 atm. The partial pressures of
methanol on both sides are 0.6 and 0.2 atm. The average diffusivity
of methanol in the hydrogen and CO
2
at 0
o
C and 1 atm in cm
2
/s is
0.15
205 Gaseous reactant A decomposes according to the reaction A --> 3R
(-r
A
= 0.5 C
A
mole/L-min). The feed, which consists of 70% A and
30% inert, enters a 1.5-m
3
CSTR at a flow rate of 150 L/min. 4. If
CA0 = 0.30 mole/L, what is the conversion, XA?
0.92
206 Between 0 degC and 50 degC, the average activation energy of a
certain reaction is 80 kJ/mol. How many times faster will the
reaction occur at 300 K than at 275 K?
14.7
207 Consider a gas-phase reaction 2A ---> R + 2S with unknown
kinetics. A space velocity of 0.8/min is needed for 95% conversion
of A in a PFR. Find the mean residence time or holding time of the
fluid in the PFR.
0.54 min
208 For Newtonian fluids, the shear stress is constant.
209 An ideal fluid is one that is compressible
210 Water flows through an 8-in (ID=7.981 in) steel pipe at an average
velocity of 6 ft/s. Downstream the pipe splits into an 8-in main and a
2 in (ID=2.067 in) bypass pipes. If the velocity in the bypass is twice
the velocity of the main pipe, the volumetric flow rate [ft
3
/s] in the
main pipe is
10.58
211 An imaginary line within a fluid flow such that a tangent at any point
indicates the direction of flow at that point.
stream tube
212
Air at 25
0
C [viscosity=0.018 cP] enters a section of 2-in schedule 40
commercial steel pipe at a gauge pressure of 310 kPa and a flow
rate of 1200 kg/h. Assuming isothermal flow, what is the pressure
drop [kPa] in 60 m of pipe?
350
213 A simple pitot tube measures acoustical velocity
214 Which of the following meters will have the highest permanent
pressure loss?
pitot tube
215 In the flow meter equation, Y, indicates the mass flow rate
216 The loss due to sudden contraction is proportional to velocity
217 Stokes law is valid when the particle Reynolds number is < 1
218 Priming needed in a Reciprocating
pump
219 Maximum theoretical suction lift for water at 60F by a centrifugal
pump is 34 ft. The same for water at 200F will be
40 ft
220 The most economical valve for use with large diameter pipes. butterfly
221 Multistage compressors are used in industry because, they reduce the cost of
compressor
222 For ideally incompressible fluid, the mach number will be 0
223 of the following produces maximum pressure difference for
transportation of gases?
vacuum pumps
224 The fluid property which matters for falling rain drops to acquire
spherical shape is its
pressure
225 A wastewater solution having a volume of 1000 L contains 0.21 kg
phenol/m
3
of solution. A total of 1.40 kg fresh granular activated
carbon is added to the solution, which is then mixed thoroughly to
reach equilibrium. What is the amount of phenol absorbed per kg
carbon at equilibrium?
0.007 kg
226 The overhead product composition decreases with time in batch distillation
with reflux
227 For a binary mixture with low relativity, continuous rectification to get
pure products will require
low reflux ratio
228 Chemisorption is the same as van
der Waals
229 The stage efficiency in leaching depends on the time of contact
between the solid
and the solution
230 Weeping in distillation or absorption column increases tray
efficiency
231 What are the two contacting phase in leaching? extract phase and
raffinate phase
232 Hydrogen sulfide is removed from water by contacting the solution
with warm air. The operation is
Distillation
233 Disregarding the cost, which is the best solvent for the extraction of
acetic acid from an aqueous solution at 25deg C?
caproic acid
234 Professional Regulations Commission was created under P.D. No. 223
235 A chemical engineer who designed and built a new type pf reactor
and for three years, sold many units to the public can still patent his
reactor.
TRUE
236 A person who has passed the Chemical Licensure Examination can
take his/her oath as a chemical engineer if his/her age is not less
than _______ years.
18
237 Which of the following is not a requirement for utility model
registration?
inventive step
238 A section of the patent application containing detailed descriptions of
the benefits obtained from using the invention is called the
disclosure
239 A document issued by the DENR secretary indicating that the
proposed project will cause significant negative environmental
impact.
Environmental
Impact Statement
240 In the Philippines, sulfur for sulfuric acid manufacturing is sourced
from _______ industry.
paper
241 Sulfur is undesirable in petroleum because it causes engine
knocking
242 Materials added to detergent formulation to enhance cleaning
performance by exhibiting synergistic cleaning effect with surfactant.
fillers
243 Polyethylene is an example of _____________ polymerization condensation
244 Principal chemical conversion in the production of resin from
monomer.
condensation
245 Carbon black is added to rubber compounding as activator
246 The binder for all the powder materials of paint pigment
247 A fibrous material left after cane sugar has been milled is commonly
called as
bagasse
248 Molasses is a by product of raw sugar from the ______ process milling
249 Kraft process is a common name for sulfate pulping
250 Water insoluble cell binders of wood pulp
251 DDT means Diphenyldichlorotr
iphenylethane
252 Rancidity of oil can be reduced by decoloration
253 Varnish does not contain pigment
254 Plasticisers are added to paints to make it corrosion
resistant
255 Silicone is thermoplastic
256 The process involved in converting rubber into a thin sheet or coating
it on fabric is called
extrusion
257 Alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS) is a detergent
258 Neoprene is a monomer
259
Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 10 MPa and 500
deg
C at a rate
of 3 kg/s and leaves at 0.1 MPa. If the power output of the turbine is
2 MW, determine the turbine efficiency.
0.2348
260 Work is a property of the
system
261 Throttling process is a reversible and
isothermal
process
262 A sample consisting of 1.00 mole of Argon gas is expanded
isothermally and reversibly at 0C from 22.4L to 44.8L. The heat
absorbed by the system is
0
263 Maximum work can be obtained from a system when the change
taking place in it is
isothermal
264 The ratio of work performed by a system and the heat it absorbed
from a reservoir is referred to
Entropy
265 According to the first law of thermodynamics Energy is neither
lost nor gained in
any energy
transformation.
266 In a 3-stage compressor system whose isentropic efficiencies are
reported to be 0.75, 0.85 and 0.84, respectively, steam initially at 10
kPa is compressed to a final pressure of 500 kPa. The overall
efficiency of the system is
greater than 0.85
267 In choosing the refrigerant, the fluid must have the following
characteristics, except
environmentally
benign
268 Coolers and boilers are ordinarily operated at ________ condition. isobaric
269 For an isolated system, maximum entropy will occur at half-life
270 A carnot cycle consists of two isothermal
and two adiabatic
process
271 This is also known as the volume fraction of the voids in packed
beds.
sphericity
272 A measure of the ratio of the drag force acting on a unit area of the
impeller & the inertial stress.
Froude number
273 Sulfuric acid is pumped at 3 kg/s through a 60-m length of smooth
25 mm pipe. If the pressure drop falls by one-half, what will be the
new flow rate [kg/s]? Assume the following properties of sulfuric acid:
SG = 1.84, viscosity = 25 cP.
3
274 The equation del(P) = -(rho)(g) del(z) is known as the hydrostatic
vertical law for which all the following assumptions are applied,
except
shear forces are
not involved
275 Which of the following can be adjusted by human operator in a
closed feedback control loop?
set point
276 The thermocouple is based on the Seebeck effect which states that
a/an _____ is generated when opposite junction of certain dissimilar
pairs of wires are exposed to different temperatures.
current
277 Dead time is a function of distance and momentum
278 A pneumatic controller is used to control temperature within the
range 280K to 310K. The controller is adjusted so that the output
pressure goes from 20kPa (valve fully open) to 105 Kpa (valve fully
closed) as the measured temperature goes from 295K to 300K with
the sent point held constant. What is the proportional gain?
2.83kPa/K
279 The parameter which completely describes the behavior of the
response to a disturbance of a second order system is the
Time constant
B C D ANSWER SCORE
butterfly valve globe valve orifice
a 1
0.025 0.03 0.038
c 1
laminar and
turbulent flow
turbulent flow
only
laminar flow only
d 1
the average
between the heat
transfer coefficient
of the steam and
that of oil
equal to the heat
transfer
coefficient
equivalent to the
resistance
offerred by the
pipe
equal to the heat
transfer coefficient of
the steam
d 1
the minimum
number of stages
occur when the
operating lines are
parallel.
the minimum
number of stages
occur when the
tie line coincides
with an operating
line.
the amount of solvent
used must be
enough to form 2
phases. b 1
stripping rectification fractionation
c 1
maximum reflux minimum reflux optimum reflux
c 1
square liter/square
mol/square min
mol/liter/min liter/mol/min
c 1
little effect no effect significant effect
d 1
maximum heat
transfer rate
occurs at the
surface
the heat transfer
is constant
the temperature is
uniform throughout
the cylinder
c 1
theoretical plate transition plate bubble plate
d 1
unsaturated supersaturated saturated c 1
Peclet, Reynold's
and Schimdt No
Sherwood,
Reynold's and
Schimdt No
Prandtl, Schimdt and
Reynold's No c 1
discharge ratio reduction ratio classification ratio
c 1
the order of
reactio is zero
the value of k is
independent of
the initial
concentrations of
A and B
the reaction cannot
proceed
c 1
vent orifice venturi a 1
constant
throughout the
reactor
a function of time not uniform
throughout the
reactor and varies
from time to time
b 1
salvage value book value market value
b 1
decreases the
reboiler duty
increases the
amount of
distillate
increases the
condenser duty d 1
the gas phase
resistance is
approximately
equal to the total
resistance
the gas phase
resistance is
negligible
the ratio of gas phase
resistance to liquid
resistance is
approximately zero
b 1
Nusselt, Prandtl
and Reynold's Nos
Peclet, Stanton
and Prandtl Nos
Schimdt, Peclet and
Friction Nos c 1
90-degree
standard elbow
45-degree
standard elbow
square-corner elbow
d 1
vent compressor accumulator
b 1
4" dia Wrought
iron pipe
1" dia Drawn
tubing
4" dia Riveted steel
pipe d 1
varies with the
thermal
conductivity of
each material
through each
material is
inversely
proportional to
the thickness of
the material
is constant
throughout the series
of materials
d 1
reversible
reactions
parallel reactions consecutive reactions
c 1
wood air concret
b 1
dehumidification humidification extraction
b 1
velocity pressure tangential
pressure
static pressure
b 1
reaction
component
concentration
gradient
momentum gradient
c 1
80 deg F 113 deg F 146 deg F
c 1
0.278 1.484 0.581 b 1
2.5 1.5 0.6
b 1
58.1 33.4 54.4
a 1
64 kg 128 kg 32 kg
c 1
31.4 26.4 57.8
b 1
2.18 1.5 2.75
b 1
over 100 but less
than 200
over 20 million over 2 but less than 3
c 1
0.0504 0.0454 0.0252
b 1
5130000 6930000 2040000
a 1
dew point saturation
temperature
dry-bulb temperature
a 1
75 75.26 78.5
a 1
the system can be
well insulated from
the surroundings
the temperature
of the air can
also be
maintained
constant
increase in the
humidity of the air is
insignificant b 1
0.05 0.02 0.01
b 1
final moisture
content
equilibrium
moisture content
critical moisture
content c 1
flash drier tray drier freeze drier
c 1
the internal
movement of
moisture beneath
the surface of the
solid
air flow
perpendicular to
the surface of the
solid
air flow parallel to the
solid surface
a 1
surface tension surface renewal moisture diffusivity
d 1
1.846 hrs 2.129 hrs 3.42 hrs
b 1
0.034 0.01155 0.00116
c 1
increases with
time
decreases with
time
no drying takes place
c 1
to use counter
current operation
to use cross flow
evaporation
to use spray
percolators
a 1
0.8 1.5 2.3
b 1
4 5 6
b 1
conduction radiation all of A, B and C
a 1
conduction radiation all of A, B and C
c 1
sum of the
individual
conductivities
inverse of the
total resistance
sum of the individual
resistances c 1
condensation evaporation all of A, B and C b 1
415.7 451.7 475.1
c 1
242 5800 139200
d 1
11.02 m 5.51 m 4.14 m
c 1
1500 kg 966 kg 534 kg
d 1
58.5 sq.m. 85.8 sq.m. 88.5 sq.m.
b 1
101.3 kPa 14 kPa zero gauge
a 1
9.12 4.72 3.03
a 1
38 39 40
c 1
9 8 7
a 1
28.7 27.8 22.7
c 1
0.429 0.294 0.249
d 1
696 577 241
a 1
12.68 13.76 16.28
b 1
54.6 46.5 45.6
a 0
150 227.2 300
c 0
8457 11994 20451
d 1
35000 40130 45500
c 1
18.3 13.8 5
b 1
1644 1163 19.4
c 1
1.35 4.67 2
a 1
84 95 100
b 1
27.7 7 0.52
a 1
14.24 31.7 37.1
d 1
227 851 900
c 1
0.5 0.75 1
c 1
[B]=0.4(1-x )/(1-
1.5x )
[B]=0.4(1-
0.5x )/(1-x )
[B]=0.2
d 1
55.2 25.2 20
a 1
272 3478 3750
d 1
0.119 0.714 6.01
b 1
300 100 25
a 1
4392 W 13943 W 19343 W
c 1
18 23 33
b 1
100 38 0.038
d 1
B both contain the
same no of air
molecules
a 1
increases 4 times increases by
about 40%
decreases.
c 1
decreases. stays constant.
c 1
decreases. stays the same. may increase or
decrease.
a 1
The application
should be rejected
because it violates
the second law of
Thermodynamics.
The application
should be
rejected because
it violates both
1st and 2nd laws
of Thermo.
The application
should be given full
consideration
because it does not
violate any laws of
Thermodynamics.
d 1
quadruples. increases 8x. increases 16x.
d 1
2.2 e8 3 e7 5.2 e8
b 1
tie substance excess reactant product yield b 1
combined feed
ratio
reactant ratio fresh-feed
conversion b 1
Heat of
combustion
Latent Heat of
Condensation
Net Calorific Value
a 1
ash moisture volatile combustible
matters
b 1
Modified analysis Ultimate analysis Elemental analysis
a 1
SO3-free basis O2-free basis N2-free basis b 1
Theoretical
Oxygen Equation
Dulong's formula Oxygen unaccounted
for equation c 1
28.32 32.48 42.56 c 1
1.53 2.38 6.13
c 1
70% RH absolute humidity
of 0.05
60% saturation
a 1
PhP 424.26 PhP 434.16 PhP 450
c 1
0.02 0.03 0.05
a 1
3750 4350 6000
b 1
8 9.5 17
c 1
0.85 0.9 0.92
a 1
57.24 51.2 22.76
b 1
6.53 7.86 23.1
b 1
conc/time 1/conc 1/conc-time a 1
3 2 1.5
c 1
decreasing
temperature
adding a catalyst removing the
products of the
reaction
c 1
the temperature
dependency of the
rate
the net equation the rate law.
d 1
depends on the
conc of one of the
products at
equilibrium
does not depend
on the initial
concentrations
is not a characteristic
of the reaction
c 1
4 8 16
d 1
molecularity of the
reaction
nature of
reactants
temperature
c 1
2 > 0 <0 a 1
Ca vs time log Ca vs
reciprocal time
1/Ca vs time
a 1
1/Ca vs time lof Ca vs time Ca vs time
b 1
-ra = k Ca Cb^2 -ra = k Ca -ra = k Cb^2
b 1
Hess' Law Law of Mass
Action
Second Law of
Thermo
c 1
independent of
initial conc
proportional to
initial conc
inversely proportional
to initial conc d 1
74.7 85.3 99.1
d 1
100 s 231 s 768 s
c 1
19.6 min 19.1 min 10.4 min
b 1
7.43 8.33 9.33
c 1
32.5 m 52.63 m 56.23 m
c 1
0.183 0.3394 0.6197
a 1
275 300 527
a 1
0.427 0.327 0.237
c 1
11.4 12.7 20.7
a 1
9150 9550 10150
b 1
Cao/(2m-1) Cao/(1-2m) Cao/2
b 1
41.3 37.1 31.8
d 1
1/16 1/32 1/64
c 1
1 2 4
c 1
1 2 4
b 1
1 2 4
d 1
the discharge
valve is closed
the suction
pressure is too
high
suction is lost
c 1
13.1 16.9 87.2
c 1
1.22 1.72 1.89
b 1
3.58 21 58.3
b 1
PhP 5000 PhP 7000 PhP 12000
b 1
1 2 2exp2
c 1
pressure head velocity head dynamic head
a 1
friction factor surface tension drag coefficient
a 1
36 63 85
b 1
4x3x8.5E 4x3x6 3x2x13
a 1
134 248 320
c 1
4 8 10
c 1
55 77 94
c 1
20 25 30
b 1
the operating
pressure is low
there is a
vacuum
when the liquid level
is high b 1
economy efficiency none of the given
choices
b 1
plate shell and tube extended surfaces
c 1
0.863 0.89 0.92
b 1
25 m
2
17 m
2
20 m
2
d 1
249.3 255.65 214.65
b 1
high thermal
conductivity
less resistance to
heat flow
a porous structure
a 1
does not provide a
safety factor for
design
accounts for
additional
resistance to
heat flow
none of these
c 1
Grashhoff number Peclet number Prandlt number
b 1
absorption with
chemical reaction
heat transfer in
turbulent flow
heat transfer in
laminar flow d 1
smooth clean
surfaces
contaminated
cooling surfaces
polished surfaces
c 1
for fluid in laminar
flow
for fluids in
turbulent flow
when Grashhoff
number is very
important
c 1
pressure pressure-vacuum vacuum
d 1
0.89 0.76 0.65
b 1
610 mm 1220 mm 2400 mm
c 1
screen-mesh no reduction ratio average particle
diameter
c 1
0.87 0.7 0.6 a 1
classification sorting centrifugation
a 1
pressure concentration electric field
b 1
pressure concentration electric field b 1
ordinary and
Knudsen
thermal and
ordinary
thermal and Knudsen
a 1
c = c
A
+ c
B
J
A
= J
B
N
A
= -cD
AB
dx
A
/dz
c 1
turbulent region buffer region viscous sub-layer
d 1
relative resistance relative time relative position
c 1
Sh Bi Pe
a 1
the gas phase the interface either of the bulk
phases
b 1
in the gas phase in the liquid
phase
in either film
a 1
air conditioning water-cooling in
a cooling tower
heating of air
d 1
humidification by a
process similar to
air-water vapor
saturator
dehumidification
and removal of
sensible heat
dehumidification by
condensing water
vapor in a refrigerator
c 1
wet-bulb
temperature
adiabatic
saturation
temperature
dew point
temperature b 1
1 2 50
b 1
bound moisture free moisture unbound moisture
c 1
origin of R vs X
plot
critical free
moisture content
equilibrium moisture
content d 1
the solute
concentration of
the liquid is less
than that of the
bulk
the solute
concentration of
the liquid and
gas phase are
equal
the solute
concentration of the
gas is greater than
the liquid
a 1
2.44exp
-5
1.77exp
-6
1.22 exp
-6
a 1
8490 10050 11570
d 1
1.6 hr 2.3 hr 2.9 hr
b 1
cm/sec
cm^
3
/sec cm^
2
/sec^
2
c 1
2 50 150
b 1
bubble-cup plate
column
sieve-plate
column
wetted wall column
a 1
increases remains
unchanged
a 1
short tube
evaporator
vacuum
evaporator
falling film evaporator
a 1
unsteady-state
diffusion
convective mass
transfer
all of these
c 1
increase the
surface area
increase the
pressure drop in
the tower
reduce the flow rate
across the column b 1
the liquid flow rate
is maximum
the gas flow rate
is maximum
the number of stages
is infinite
d 1
0.31 0.51 0.68
c 1
0.86 0.71 0.65
c 1
18.5 20.9 22.4
b 1
0.85 min 0.87 min 1.18 min
b 1
inversely
proportional to
rate of
deformation.
equal to shear
rate of
deformation.
a linear function of
the shear rate of
deformation.
d 1
incompressible &
viscous
incompressible incompressible &
inviscid
d 1
5.29 1.84 0.25
c 1
velocity profile streamline none of these
c 1
155 101.3 61
d 1
superficial velocity mean linear
velocity
local velocity
d 1
orifice venturi rotameter
b 1
compressibility
factor
coefficient of
discharge
cross-sectional area
b 1
turbulence velocity head static head c 1
> 1 < 5 0 a 1
Gear pump Centrifugal pump Diaphragm pump
c 1
37 ft 34 ft 8 ft
b 1
globe needle gate a 1
reduce the size
requirement
resemble closely
to isothermal
compression
are easy to control
c 1
1 1.5 5 b 1
blowers fans compressors
d 1
height of descend viscosity surface tension
d 1
0.106 kg 0.189 kg 0.198 kg
b 1
continuous
distillation with
reflux
continuous
distillation without
reflux
distillation operating
at total reflux a 1
small cross-
section
less number of
trays
high reflux ratio
d 1
characterized by
adsorption of heat
an irreversible
phenomenon
always in equilibrium
c 1
rate of diffusion of
the solute through
the solid and into
the liquid
both A and B either A or B because
these two mean the
same thing
c 1
provides larger
surface for mass
transfer
results due to low
gas velocity
is due to bubble cups
c 1
solvent phase and
solute phase
feed phase and
solvent phase
overflow and
underflow d 1
Leaching Absorption Stripping
d 1
chloroform 3-heptanol toluene
c 1
P.D. No. 233 P.D. No. 232 P.D. No. 826 a 1
FALSE it depends not governed by law
a 1
19 21 23
c 1
novelty industrial
applicability
a technical solution to
problem
a 1
abstract request claims
d 1
Environmental
Compliance
Certificate
Environmental
Impact
Assessment
Environmental
Critical Project b 1
cement petroleum detergents
a 1
it increases the
boiling pt of fuel
it poisons the
catalyst in the
refining process
all that are mentioned
a 1
brighteners builders perfume
c 1
addition copolymerization natural
b 1
hydration polymerization alkylation
d 1
curing agent retarders fillers a 1
vehicle opacifier filler a 1
pulp cellulose waste
c 1
extraction evaporation crystallization c 1
sulfite pulping bleaching calendering b 1
cellulose xylem lignin d 1
dichlorodiphenyldi
chloroethane
Dichlorodiphenyl
dichlorobutane
diphenyldichlorotriph
enylbutane
c 1
hydrogenation oxidation purification b 1
dryer thinner anti-skinning agent a 1
make glossy
surface
increase
atmospheric
oxidation
give elasticity and
prevent cracking of
the film
d 1
a monomer an inorganic
polymer
thermosetting plastic
c 1
mastication vulcanization calendering
d 1
rubber pesticide polyester a 1
synthetic rubber polyester pigment b 1
0.3216 0.6784 0.7652
c 1
path function state function state description of a
system
b 1
an irreversible and
constant entropy
a reversible and
constant entropy
process
constant enthalpy
process d 1
+1.13 kJ +1.57 kJ +2.27 kJ
c 1
adiabatic reversible irreversible
c 1
Gibbs free energy carnot efficiency Helmholtz free
energy
c 1
Perpetual motion
is possible.
Energy is
conserved in
quality but not in
quantity.
Energy is being
created as time
passes. We have
more energy in the
universe now than
when time began.
a 1
in between 0.75
and 0.85
less than 0.75 in between 0.84 and
0.90
b 1
has a vapor
pressure less than
atmospheric
must be
economically
viable
exist at a high
pressure at the
condensation
temperature
d 1
isenthalpic isothermal isentropic
a 1
critical condition equilibrium start of the process c 1
two isochoric and
two adiabatic
process
one isochoric,
one isobaric, and
two adiabatic
process
one isothermal, one
isochoric and two
adiabatic process a 1
porosity superficial
velocity
specific volume
b 1
Reynolds number Mach number Power number
d 1
2 0.2 0.124
b 1
fluid is
incompressible
z axis is defined
vertical &
downward in
direction
normal surface
forces & gravity are
the only forces
involved
c 1
controller output process variable load variable
a 1
temperature emf resistance
c 1
acceleration time velocity d 1
0.35kPa/K 17kPa/K 0.06kPa/K
c 1
damping
coefficient
Rise time overshoot
b 1

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