12

1. (a)
(b)
(d)
(e)

d=
d=
d=
d=

Progressions

(b) a = 2, d = 0 (2)
=2

3
2
1
0.2

T51 = a + 50d
= 2 + 50(2)
= 98

2. (a) d = 5 2
=3

(c) a = 1, d = 5 (1)
= 4

x=23
= 1

T51 = a + 50d
= 1 + 50(4)
= 201

y=8+3
= 11

1
1
1
(d) a = , d =
2
2
2
= 1

(b) d = 5 (1)
= 4
x = 1 ( 4)
=3

T51 = a + 50d
1
= + 50(1)
2
1
= 50
2
1
= 49
2

y = 9 + ( 4)
= 13
1
(c) d = 1
2
1
=
2
1
1
x=
2
2
=0

4. (a) a = 2, d = 6 2
=4
Tn = 86
a + (n 1)d = 86
2 + (n 1)(4) = 86
(n 1)(4) = 84
n 1 = 21
n = 22

3
1
y=+
2
2
=2
(d) d = 0.2 0.4
= 0.2
(x + 0.1) d = 0
x + 0.1 + 0.2 = 0
x = 0.3

(b) a = 1, d = 3 (1)
= 2
Tn = 61
a + (n 1)d = 61
1 +(n 1)(2) = 61
60
n 1 =
2
= 30
n = 31

3. (a) a = 5, d = 8 5
=3
T51 = a + 50d
= 5 + 50(3)
= 155

(c) T10 = S10 S9

10
9
= [2(10) + 1] [2(9) + 1]
2
2
= 105 85.5
= 19.5

(c) a = x, d = (x + 2) x
=2
Tn = x + 50
a + (n 1)d = x + 50
x + (n 1)(2) = x + 50
50
n 1 =
2
= 25
n = 26

(d) Tm 2 = Sm 2 Sm 3
m 3 [2(m 3) + 1]
m 2 [2(m 2) + 1]
=
2
2
m

3
m

2
= (2m 3) (2m 5)
2
2
(m 2)(2m 3) (m 3)(2m 5)
=
2
2
(m 2)(2m 3) (m 3)(2m 5)
=
2
(2m2 7m + 6) (2m2 11m + 15)
=
2
4m

9
=
2

5. (a) a = 7, d = 10 7
=3
n
S20 = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
20
= [2(7) + (20 1)3]
2
= 710
(b) a = 5, d = 7 (5)
= 2

7. (a) a = 2, d = 4

20
S20 = [2(5) + (20 1)(2)]
2
= 10(10 38)
= 480

T6 = a + 5d
= 2 + 5(4)
= 22
T19 = a + 18d
= 2 + 18(4)
= 74

(c) a = 1, d = 1.5 1
= 0.5
20
S20 = [2(1) + (20 1)(0.5)]
2
= 10(11.5)
= 115

The sum between 5th term and 20th term

n
= (a + l)
2
14
= (22 + 74)
2
= 672

1
3
1
(d) a = , d =
4
4
4
1
=
2

 

(b) a = 5, d = 3 (5)
=2
T6 = a + 5d
= 5 + 5(2)
=5

 

20
1
1
S20 = 2 + (20 1)
2
4
2
= 100

The sum between 5th term and 20th term

n
= [2a + (n 1)d]
2
14
= [2(5) + (14 1)(2)]
2
= 7(36)
= 252

1
6. (a) T1 = S1 = [2(1) + 1]
2
3

=
2
(b) T2 = S2 S1
2
3
= [2(2) + 1]
2
2
3

=5
2
7
=
2

(c) a = 8, d = 5 8
= 3
n
Sn = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
19
S19 = [2 8 + (19 1)(3)]
2
= 361
5
S5 = [2 8 + (5 1)(3)]
2
= 10
2

The sum between 5th term and 20th term

= 361 10
= 371

(b) a = 21, d = 18 21
= 3
13
S13 = [2(21) + (13 1)(3)]
2
13
= (6)
2
= 39

8. (a) a = 3, d = 8 3
=5
20
S20 = [2(3) + (20 1)(5)]
2
= 10(101)
= 1010

S3 = 21 + 18 + 15
= 54
Sum of 10 terms = 39 54
= 15

4
S4 = [2(3) + (4 1)(5)]
2
= 2(21)
= 42

(c) a = 8, d = 6 (8)
=2
14
S14 = [2(8) + (14 1)(2)]
2
= 70

The sum from 5th term to 20th term

= 1010 42
= 968

S4 = (8) + (6) + (4) + (2)

= 20

(b) a = 10, d = 6 10
= 4

Sum of 10 terms = 70 (20)

= 90

20
S20 = [2(10) + (20 1)( 4)]
2
= 560

10. (a) d = 5 3
=2
T11
a + 10d
a + 10(2)
a

4
S4 = [2(10) + (4 1)( 4)]
2
= 16
The sum from 5th term to 20th term
= 560 16
= 576

=
=
=
=

3
3
3
17

10
S10 = [2(17) + (10 1)(2)]
2
= 80

(c) a = 9, d = 6 (9)
=3

(b) d = 4 (1)
= 3
T11 = 1
a + 10d = 1
a + 10(3) = 1
a = 29

20
S20 = [2(9) + (20 1)(3)]
2
= 390
4
S4 = [2(9) + (4 1)(3)]
2
= 18

10
S10 = [2(29) + (10 1)(3)]
2
= 5(31)
= 155

The sum from 5th term to 20th term

= 390 (18)
= 408
9. (a) a = 15, d = 19 15
=4

11. (a) a = 8, d = 4 (8)

=4

14
S14 = [2(15) + (14 1)(4)]
2
= 574

10
S10 = [2(8) + (10 1)(4)]
2
= 5(20)
= 100

4
S4 = [2(15) + (4 1)(4)]
2
= 84
Sum of 10 terms = 574 84
= 490

Substitute d = 2 into
,
a 2 = 7
a = 5

(b) a = 18, d = 12 18
= 6
10
S10 = [2(18) + (10 1)(6)]
2
= 90

n
S20 = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
20
= [2(5) + (20 1)(2)]
2
= 480

(c) a = 1.0, d = 1.4 1.0

= 0.4
10
S10 = [2(1.0) + (10 1)(0.4)]
2
= 28

15. (a)

S10 = 185
10
[2a + (10 1)d] = 185
2
2a + 9d = 37 ............ 

12. a = 2, d = 3
Sn = 155
n
[2a + (n 1)d] = 155
2
n
[2(2) + (n 1)3] = 155
2
n
(4 + 3n 3) = 155
2
n
(1 + 3n) = 155
2
n + 3n2 = 310
3n2 + n 310 = 0
(3n + 31)(n 10) = 0
31
n = , 10
3

9, 9a + 18d = 126 ..................... 

 2, 4a + 18d = 74 ....................... 
 , 5a = 52
52
a =
5
2
= 10
5
52
(b) Substitute a = into
,
5
52
+ 2d = 14
5
52
2d = 14
5
18
=
5
9
d=
5

Since n is the number of terms, then n = 10.

13. a = 5, Tn = 25
5 + (n 1)d = 25
(n 1)d = 30 ..............................

Sn
n
[2(5) + (n 1)d]
2
n[10 + (n 1)d]
10n + (n 1)dn

= 50
= 50

(c) T20 = a + 19d

9
52
= + 19
5
5
52
171
= +
5
5
223
=
5

= 100
= 100................. 

 

Substitute
into ,
10n + 30n = 100
20n = 100
n= 5
14.

T3 = 14
a + 2d = 14 .................................

16. a = 1, d = 2

T2 = 7
a + d = 7 ...........................................

Sn
n
[2a + (n 1)d]
2
n
[2(1) + (n 1)(2)]
2
n(2 + 2n 2)
2n2
n2
n

T7 = 17
a + 6d = 17 ....................................... 

, 5d = 10
d = 2

= 400
= 400
= 400
= 800
= 800
= 400
= 20

5
Tn =
128
5
arn 1 =
128
5
1 n1
10
=
128
2
1
1 n1

=
256
2
1 8
=
2
n1=8
n=9
6
(b) a = 2, r =
2
=3

17. a = p, d = 2
T6 = 140
a + 5d = 140
p + 5(2) = 140
p = 140 + 10
= 150

 

 

18. a = 50, d = 2

 

Tn = 0
a + (n 1)d = 0
50 + (n 1)(2) = 0
n 1 = 25
n = 26
Total distance covered = 26 400
= 10 400 m

Tn = 4374
n1

ar
= 4374
(2)(3)n 1 = 4374
3n 1 = 2187
= 37
n1=7
n=8

19. (a) r = 3
1
(b) r =
2
1
8
20. (a) a = , r =
2
2
=4
T6 = ar5
1
= (4)5
2
= 512

14
22. (a) a = 7, r =
7
=2




rn 1
Sn = a
r1
10
2
1
S10 = 7
21
= 7161

4
(b) a = 8, r =
8
1
=
2
5
T6 = ar
1 5
= (8)
2
1
=
4
1.2
(c) a = 0.6, r =
0.6
= 2
T6 = ar5
= 0.6 (2)5
= 19.2

2
(b) a = 4, r =
4
1
=
2

 

1 rn
S10 = a
1r


 

1 10
1
2
= ( 4)
1
1
2
1 10
= 8 1
2
127
= 7
128

 

5
21. (a) a = 10, r =
10
1
=
2

24
23. a = 8, r =
8
=3

5
27. a = 10, r =
10
1
=
2

Sum between 5th term and 10th term

= S9 S5
39 1
35 1
= 8 8
31
31
= 4(39 1) 4(35 1)
= 78 728 968
= 77 760

 

155
Sn =
8
155
1 rn
a =
8
1r
1 n
1
155
2
10 =
8
1
1
2
155
1 n
20 1 =
8
2

1
24. a = 1, r =
2













155
= 1
160
5
=
160
1
=
32

 

9
28. (a) a = 18, r =
18
1
=
2
a
S =
1r
18
=
1
1
2
= 36

Sum of 7 terms before 5

= S7
5 27 1
=
128 2 1
635
=
128

4
(b) a = 12, r =
12
1
=
3

10
26. a = 5, r =
5
=2




12 

1
=
2
n =5

5
a =
27
5
=
128

Sn
r 1
a
r1
2n 1
5
21
2n 1
2n

155
=
160

ar7 = 5
a(2)7 = 5

 

1
1
2

10
r =
5
=2
T8 = 5

25.

 

 

1 9
1 3
1
1
2
2
S9 S3 = 1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1 9
2
1 3
=1 1
3
2
3
2
21
=
256

a
S =
1r
12
=
1
1
3
3
= 12
2
= 18

= 155

 = 155
 = 155

 

= 31
= 32
= 25
n =5

29. a = 10, S = 20
a
= 20
1r
10
= 20
1r
1
1r=
2
1
r=1
2
1
=
2

34.

T5 = 80
ar 4 = 80 .............................................. 
80
 ar 4
=
,
10

ar
r3 = 8
r=2
Substitute r = 2 into
,
a=5

1
30. r = , S = 40
3
a
= 40
1r
a
= 40
1
1
3
2
a = 40
3
80
=
3
31. (a)

1
p2
p2 + p 2
(p + 2)(p 1)
p

T3 = ar2
= 5 (2)2
= 20
35.

Substitute  into
,
20(r + r2) = 15
3
r + r2 =
4
4r2 + 4r 3 = 0
(2r 1)(2r + 3) = 0
1
3
r = ,
2
2
1
Since r > 0, then r = .
2

2p
=
p
=2p
=0
=0
= 2, 1

p
(b) r =
1
2
=
1
= 2

36. (a)

S = 16
a
= 16
1r
a = 16(1 r) ......................

T2 = 4
ar = 4 .......................................... 

32. 1, 2, 4,
a = 1, r = 2

Substitute
into ,
16(1 r)(r) = 4
16r 16r 2 = 4
2
16r 16r + 4 = 0
4r2 4r + 1 = 0
(2r 1)2 = 0
1
r=
2
1
Substitute r = into
,
2
1
a = 16 1
2
=8




rn 1
S20 = a
r1
220 1
= 1
21
= 1 048 575

33. 2, 6, 18,
a = 2, r = 3
310 1
S10 = 2
31
= RM59 048

T2 + T3 = 15
ar + ar2 = 15
a(r + r2) = 15 ....................................

a = 20 ................................................ 

Since p = 1 does not form the geometric

progression, then p = 2.




T2 = 10
ar = 10 ................................................

1
Therefore, the common ratio = and the first
2
term = 8.

(b) T5 = ar4
1
=8
2
1
=
2

(b) a = k 2
=92
=7

 

d = (2k 9) (k 2)
= (18 9) (9 2)
=97
=2
n
S10 = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
10
= [2(7) + (10 1)(2)]
2
= 5(32)
= 160

37. (a) 2, 4, 8, 16,

Area of the 2nd circle
42 = 4
=

st
22
Area of 1 cicrle
rd
Area of the 3 circle
82 = 4
=

nd
42
Area of the 2 circle
Since they have same common ratio, r = 4, the area
of the circle forms a geometric progression.

4. (a) a = 4
d = 6 ( 4)
= 2

(b) Area of the 7th circle = R2

where R is the radius of the 7th circle.
R = T7 = ar6

(b) S34 S4
34
4
= [2( 4) + (34 1)(2)] [2( 4)
2
2
+ (4 1)(2)]
= 17(74) 2(14)
= 1230

 

4
=2
2
= 27 m

Area of the 7th circle = R2

= (214)
= 16 384 m2
5.

1. d = (5) (8)
=3

S5 = 5m + 4
5
(2a + 4d) = 5m + 4
2
5a + 10d = 5m + 4
5a + 10(3) = 5m + 4
5a = 5m 26........................ 

S4 = 96
n
[2a + (n 1)d] = 96
2
4
[2a + (4 1)3] = 96
2
2a + 9 = 48
2a = 39
39
a =
2

Substitute
into ,
5(3m 5) = 5m 26
15m 25 = 5m 26
15m 5m = 26 + 25
10m = 1
1
m =
10

Therefore, the four consecutive terms are

39 45 51 57
, , , .
2
2
2
2

6. (a) y + 1 3 = 27 (y + 1)
= 27 y 1
2y = 28
y = 14

2. 210 8 10
= RM130
3. (a) (2k 9) (k 2)
2k 9 k + 2
k7
2k
k

T3 = 1 + 3m
a + 2d = 1 + 3m
a + 2(3) = 1 + 3m
a = 3m 5 ...............................

= (k + 2) (2k 9)
= k + 2 2k + 9
= k + 11
= 18
=9

(b)

y+1

3
(y + 1)2
y+1
y
y

27
=
y+1
= 81
= 9
= 9 1
= 8, 10

Since y is positive, then y = 8.

11. (a) T2 = 1
ar = 1 ...........................................

p
3x + 2
7. =
3x + 2
10
(3x + 2)2
p =
10

T3 + T4 = 2
ar2 + ar3 = 2
ar(r + r2) = 2 ............................... 

8. 0.181818 = 0.18 + 0.0018 + 0.000018 +

0.0018
a = 0.18, r =
0.18
= 0.01
a
0.181818 =
1r
0.18
=
1 0.01
2
=
11

Substitute
into ,
1(r + r2) = 2
r + r2 = 2
2
r +r2=0
(r + 2)(r 1) = 0
r = 2, 1
Since r  0, then r = 2.
Substitute r = 2 into
,
a(2) = 1
1
a=
2

12
9. (a) a = 3, r =
3
=4
Common ratio = 4
(b)

Sn
n
r 1
a
r1
4n 1
3
41
4n




1 rn
(b) S10 = a
1r

= 65 535

1 1 (2)10
=
2 1 (2)
1
= [1 (2)10]
6
1023
=
6
= 170.5

 = 65 535
 = 65 535

= 65 536
= 48
n=8

12. (a) 1, 3, 5
a = 1, d = 2

T2 = 3
ar = 3..........................................

3
T4 =
4
3
3
ar = ....................................... 
4
3

4
 ar 3
=
,
3

ar
1
r2 =
4
1
r =
2
1
Since r
0, then r = .
2
1
(b) Substitute r = into
,
2
3
a =
1

2
=6
a
S =
1r
6
=
1
1
2
= 12

10. (a)

Tn = 401
a + (n 1)d = 401
1 + (n 1)(2) = 401
400
(n 1) =
2
n = 201
The height is 201 3
= 603 cm
(b)

13. (a)

n
Sn = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
201
S201 = [2 1 + (200)2]
2
201
= (402)
2
= 201 201
= 40 401

1st

2nd

3rd

2
x
3

4
x
9

2
y
3

4
y
9

A1 = Area of the 1st rectangle = xy

4
A2 = Area of the 2nd rectangle = xy
9
16
rd
A3 = Area of the 3 rectangle = xy
81
4

xy
A2
9
=

xy
A1
4
=
9

a
(ii) S =
1r
36
=
4
1
9
9
= 36
5
324
= m2
5

16
xy
A3
81
=
4
A2
xy
9
16
9
=
81
4
4
=
9

14. (a) x, x + y, x + 2y,

a = x, d = y
given T6 = 200
a + 5d = 200
x + 5(y) = 200
x + 5y = 200 .............................

and
S12
n
[2a + (n 1)d]
2
12
(2x + 11y)
2
2x + 11y

Since the ratios are the same, then the areas of

the rectangle form a geometric progression with
4
common ratio = .
9
(b) (i) A1 = xy
=49
= 36

= 2520
= 2520
= 2520
= 420.............. 

2, 2x + 10y = 400 .............. 

 , y = 20

4
A2 = xy
9
4
= 36
9
= 16

Substitute y = 20 into
,
x + 5(20) = 200
x = 100
(b) Tn of Encik Ali = Tn of Encik Tan
100 + (n 1)20 = 200 + (n 1)10
100 + 20n 20 = 200 + 10n 10
10n = 110
n = 11

16
A3 = xy
81
16
= 36
81
1
= 7
9
Tn = arn 1
13
4 n1
3 = 36
81
9
256
4 n1
= 36
81
9
64
4 n1
=
729
9
3
4
4 n1
=
9
9
n 1= 3
n= 4

 

1. (a) a = 24, d = 4
T10 = a + 9d
= 24 + 9( 4)
= 12

 

 

30
(b) S30 = [2(24) + (30 1)(4)]
2
= 15(68)
= 1020

   

Therefore, the fourth rectangle has area

13
of 3 m2.
81

10

1 rn
(b) S10 = a
1r

2. 7, 9, 11, , 199
a = 7, d = 2

1 1 (2)10
=
1 (2)
2
1
= 170
2

Tn = 199
a + (n 1)d = 199
7 + (n 1)2 = 199
192
n 1 =
2
= 96
n = 97

8.

97
S97 = (7 + 199)
2
= 9991

1
r=
3
S = 30

2
a = 30
3
= 20

x 2x2
x 2x2
2x2 + x 10
(2x + 5)(x 2)
x

= (3x 10) x
= 2x 10
=0
=0
5
= , x = 2
2
Since x
0, then x = 2.

x
2
9. =
x
2
x2 = 1
x = 1
Since x
0, then x = 1.

5. Tn = 15 3n
a = T1
= 15 3(1)
= 12

10.

Tn = 729
arn 1 = 729

 13 (3)

n1

T10 = 15 3(10)
= 15

(3)

= 729

n1

= 2187
= (3)7
n 1= 7
n= 8

n
Sn = (a + l)
2
10
S10 = [12 + (15)]
2
= 5(3)
= 15

11.

6. 2y + 3 2x = 5y + 1 (2y + 3)
= 5y + 1 2y 3
2y + 3 2x = 3y 2
3y 2y = 3 2x + 2
y = 5 2x

7x + 27
5x 3 =

x
5x 3
(5x 3)2 = 7x2 + 27x
25x2 30x + 9 = 7x2 + 27x
18x2 57x + 9 = 0
(18x 3)(x 3) = 0
3
x = , 3
18
Since x is an integer, then x = 3.

7. (a) T10 = ar9



a
= 30
1r
a
= 30
1
1
3
a
= 30
2

3. (3 x) (20) = 16 (3 x)
3 x + 20 = 16 + 3 + x
17 x = 13 + x
2x = 30
x = 15
4.

1
= (2)9
2
= 256

11

2
12. a = 4, r =
4
1
=
2

1
(b) a = 20, r =
5
p = S
a
=
1r
20
=
1
1
5
5
= 20
4
= 25

a
S =
1r
4
=
1
1
2
=8
1
13. = 0.0833333
t
= 0.08 + 0.003 + 0.0003 + 0.00003 +
a
= 0.08 +
1r
0.003
= 0.08 +
1 0.1
0.003
= 0.08 +
0.9
1
=
12
t = 12

17.

T1 + T2 = 28
a + ar = 28
a(1 + r) = 28.......................................

T2 + T3 = 14
ar + ar2 = 14
a(r + r2) = 14 .................................... 
14
 a(r + r2)
, =
28

a(1 + r)
1
r(1 + r)
=
2
1+r
1
r=
2

14. 0.090909...
= 0.09 + 0.0009 + 0.000009 +
a
=
1r
0.09
=
1 0.01
1
=
11

1
Substitute r = into
,
2
1
a 1 = 28
2
a = 28 2
= 56

1 r6
S6 = a
1r

1
15. = 0.166666
p
= 0.1 + 0.06 + 0.006 + 0.0006 +
a
= 0.1 +
1r
0.06
= 0.1 +
1 0.1
0.06
= 0.1 +
0.9
1
=
6
Therefore, a = 0.06, b = 0.006 and p = 6.





1 6
1
2
= 56
1
1
2
1 6
1
2
= 56
3

2
= 36.75

18. Sn = n(6 n)
(a) T3 = S3 S2
= 3(6 3) 2(6 2)
=98
=1

4
4
16. (a) p = q + 4 + + +
5
25
4

5
r =
4
1
=
5
1
4
=
q
5
q = 20

(b) S10 S5
= 10(6 10) 5(6 5)
= 40 5
= 45

12

19.

T10 = 7T1
a + 9d = 7a
6a = 9d
3
a = d
2

22. (a) 200, 180, 160,

Tn = 0
a + (n 1)d = 0
200 + (n 1)(20) = 0
200
n 1 =
20
= 10
n = 11

20. a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, a + 4d,

S20 = 570
20
[2a + (20 1)d] = 570
2
2a + 19d = 57 ................................

(b) Total distance travelled

11
= [2(200) + 10(20)]
2
11
= (400 200)
2
= 1100 m

Sum of even numbers:

S10 = 300
10
[2(a + d) + (10 1)(2d)] = 300
2
2a + 2d + 18d = 60
2a + 20d = 60 ..................

23. (a) Progression I: 1, 1 + d, 1 + 2d,

Progression II: A, A + 2, A + 4, A + 6 +
1 =A+6
A = 5


, d = 3

Therefore, the first term of the arithmetic

progression II is 5.

Substitute d = 3 into
,
2a + 19(3) = 57
2a = 57 57
a=0

(b)

T10 = a + 9d
= 0 + 9(3)
= 27
21.

x
x2
=
2x + 3
x
x2 = (x 2)(2x + 3)
= 2x2 x 6
x2 x 6 = 0
(x 3)(x + 2) = 0
x = 3, 2

S4 = 22
4
[2(1) + (4 1)d] = 22
2
2 + 3d = 11
3d = 9
d=3

24. (a) (i)

T6 = 15
a + 5d = 15 .........................

T10 = 23
a + 9d = 23 ........................ 

, 4d = 8
d= 2

3
1
When x = 3, the sequence is 9, 3, 1 and r = =
9
3
When x = 2, the sequence is 1, 2, 4 and
2
r = = 2
1
Since 1  r  1 for S to exist,
1
then r = .
3
a
S =
1r
9
=
1
1
3
9
=
2

3
3
=9
2
27
=
2

Substitute d = 2 into
,
a + 10 = 15
a= 5
15
(ii) S15 = [2(5) + (15 1)(2)]
2
15
= (38)
2
= 285
(b)

13

Tn = 405
a + (n 1)d = 405
5 + (n 1)(2) = 405
(n 1)(2) = 400
n 1 = 200
n = 201
Since n is an integer, this shows that 405 is a term
in the progression.

1
(b) A1 = 2 (2 + 4)
2
=6

25. (a) 98, 96, 94,

a = 98 cm, d = 2 cm
T20 = a + 19d
= 98 + 19(2)
= 60 cm

1
A2 = 2 (4 + 6)
2
= 10

(b) 2S19 + T20

19
= 2 [2(98) + 18(2) + 60
2
= 19(160) + 60
= 3100 cm

1
A3 = 2 (6 + 8)
2
= 14

a = 6, d = 4
The sum of the areas for the first 10 trapeziums
10
= [2(6) + 9(4)]
2
= 240 cm2

26. (a) Particle P: 10, 12, 14, 16,

Distance travelled by P
= distance travelled by Q + 100
n
[2 10 + (n 1)(2)] = 9n + 100
2
n
(20 + 2n 2) = 9n + 100
2
n
(18 + 2n) = 9n + 100
2
9n + n2 = 9n + 100
n2 = 100
n = 10 m s1
Therefore, the velocity of P is 10 m s1.

29. (a) (i)

(b) Distance travelled by P = 9 10 + 100

= 190 m

T2 = x2
ar = x2 ................................

x4
T3 =
16
x4
ar2 = ............................. 
16
x4

 ar2
16
, =
x2

ar
x2
r =
16

x2
x2
(ii) r = = 1 or r = = 0
16
16
x2 = 16
x=0
x = 4
Therefore, the values of x are 0, 4, 4.

27. (a) 2, 1.8, 1.6, 1.4,

a = 2, d = 0.2
Tn = 0
a + (n 1)d = 0
2 + (n 1)( 0.2) = 0
2
n 1 =
0.2
= 10
n = 11
Time taken is 11 seconds.

(b) (i)

5x (x + 5) = (8x 3) 5x
4x 5 = 3x 3
x=2

(ii) When x = 2,
x + 5= 7
5x = 10
8x 3 = 13
d= 3

11
(b) S11 = [2(2) + 10(0.2)]
2
11
= (4 2)
2
= 11 cm

a = T4
= 13 + 3
= 16
10
S10 = [2(16) + 9(3)]
2
= 5(32 + 27)
= 5(59)
= 295

28. (a) 2, 4, 6, 8, (height)

a = 2, d = 2
T25 = a + 24d
= 2 + 24(2)
= 2 + 48
= 50
Therefore, the height of 25th edge is 50 cm.

14

33. (a) G.P.: T1 = a = 3, r

A.P.: T1 = a = 3, d = r

30. (a) a = T1 = 2
n = 10
S10 = 155
10
[2(2) + 9d] = 155
2
4 + 9d = 31
9d = 27
d= 3

T5 of the geometric progression = 48

ar4 = 48
3r4 = 48
r4 = 16
r = 2
Since r
0, then r = 2.

The longest part = T10

= a + 9d
= 2 + 9(3)
= 29

(b) Sn of A.P. = T4 of G.P.

n
[2(3) + (n 1)2] = 3 (2)3
2
n
(6 + 2n 2) = 24
2
n
(4 + 2n) = 24
2
2n + n2 = 24
2
n + 2n 24 = 0
(n + 6)(n 4) = 0
n = 4, 6
Since n is the number of terms, therefore n = 4.

10
5
(b) S10 S5 = [2(2) + 9(3)] [2(2) + 4(3)]
2
2
5
= 5(31) (16)
2
= 115
31. (a) 2, 6, 18, 54,
The base is a geometric progression
with a = 2, r = 3
T10 = ar9
= 2(3)9
= 39 366

1. a = 121
d = 116 121
= 5

The value of the 10th term

= 39 3662
= 1 549 681 956
(b) (i)

Let

Therefore, the indices form an arithmetic

progression.
(ii) a = x, d = 3x
10
S10 = [2x + 9(3x)]
2
= 5(2x + 27x)
= 145x

Therefore, the first negative term is 26th term.

10
32. a = 5, r =
5
=2

2. 8, 10, 12, , 200

a = 8, d = 10 8
=2

Sn
1000




0
0
0
 121
121
n 1

5
121
n
+ 1
5
n
25.2

Tn
a + (n 1)d
121 + (n 1)(5)
(n 1)(5)

4x x = 3x
7x 4x = 3x

Let
Tn = 200
a + (n 1)d = 200
8 + (n 1)(2) = 200
(n 1)(2) = 200 8
192
n 1 =
2
= 96
n = 97




rn 1
1000
a
r1
n
2
1
1000

5
21
2n 1
200
2n
201
log10 2n
log10 201
n log10 2
log10 201
log10 201
n

log10 2
n
7.65

Sum of all even numbers,

n
Sn = [2a + (n 1)d]
2
97
S97 = [2(8) + 96 2]
2
= 10 088

Therefore, the least number of n = 8.

15

Let
Tn = 306
a + (n 1)d = 306
2 + (n 1)(4) = 306
(n 1)(4) = 308
n 1 = 77
n = 78

Since n is an integer, therefore 306 is a term in the

progression.

3. 3, 9, 27,
a = 3, r = 3
Sn
500

Let

rn 1
a
500
r1
3n 1
3
500
31
2
3n 1
500
3
1000
n
3
+ 1
3
1003
n
3

3
1003
n
log10 3
log10
3

6. Circumferences:
2r, 2(r + 1), 2(r + 2),
T2 T1 = 2(r + 1) 2r
= 2
T3 T2 = 2(r + 2) 2(r + 1)
= 2r + 4 2r 2
= 2

1003
n log10 3
log10
3
log10 1003 log10 3
n

log10 3
n
5.29

Since T2 T1 = T3 T2, therefore the circumference

of the circles are A.P..
Areas:
r2, (r + 1)2, (r + 2)2,

Therefore, 6 days are required to produce more than

500 cells.

T2 T1 = (r + 1)2 r2
= (r2 + 2r + 1) r2
= r2 + 2r + r2
= 2r +

4. 200, 400, 800,

It is a G.P. with a = 200 and r = 2.
Let
Sn
1 000 000
n
r 1
a
1 000 000
r1
2n 1
200
1 000 000
21
2n 1
5000
2n
5001
n log10 2
log10 5001
log10 5001
n

log10 2
n
12.29

T3 T2 = (r + 2)2 (r + 1)2
= (r2 + 4r + 4) (r2 + 2r + 1)
= r2 + 4r + 4 r2 2r
= 2r + 3
Since T2 T1 T3 T2, therefore the area of the circles
are not A.P..
For circumferences,
a = 2r, d = 2
The total circumferences of the first 5 circles
5
= [2(2r) + 4(2)]
2
5
= (4r + 8)
2
5
= 4(r + 2)
2
= 10(r + 2) units

Hence, in 13 days, all the money will be used up.

5.

T4 = 10
a + 3d = 10 ............................

T10 = 34
a + 9d = 34 ............................

7. (a) 10, 13, 16, 19, are the radii of the sectors in
A.P..
a = 10, d = 3


, 6d = 24
d=4
Substitute d = 4 into
,
a + (3 4) = 10
a = 2

Let the radius of the nth sector = Tn.

Tn = 10 + (n 1)3
= 7 + 3n
Therefore, the radius of the nth sector is 7 + 3n.

16

(b) Given the area of the nth sector = 512 cm2

1
r2 = 512
2

(b) Let

Sn
n
[2a + (n 1)d]
2
n
[2r + (n 1)]
2
n
[2(7) + (n 1)]
2
n
(14 + n 1)
2
n
(13 + n)
2
13n + n2
2
n + 13n 90
(n + 18)(n 5)
n
n

 

1
(7 + 3n)2 = 512
4
2
8
(7 + 3n)2 = 512

= 4096
7 + 3n = 64
3n = 57
n = 19

 

 

 

(c) 10 , 13 , 16 , are the arc lengths

4
4
4
5
10
of the sectors in A.P. where a = = and
2
4
3
d = .
4
The sum of the first 20 arc lengths
n
= [2a + (n 1)d]
2
20
5
3
= 2 + 19
4
2
2
57
= 10 5 +
4
77
= 10
4
385
= cm
2

 




= 45
= 45
= 45
= 45
= 45
= 45
= 90
=0
=0
= 5,
= 18 is ignored since n
0.

Hence, the number of semicircles is 5.

9. (a) 10, 12, 14, 16, are the distance, in m, travelled
per second of the particle P which form an A.P..
a = 10, d = 2

 

The distance travelled by particle P after t

seconds,
t
St = [2(10) + (t 1)2]
2
t
= (20 + 2t 2)
2
t
= (18 + 2t)
2
= t(9 + t) m

The distance travelled by particle Q in t seconds

8t m.

8. (a) r, r + 1, r + 2, are the radii of the semicircles

which form an A.P..
a = r cm, d = 1 cm

Thus, t(9 + t) + 8t
9t + t2 + 8t 60
t2 + 17t 60
(t 3)(t + 20)
t
t

(r), (r + 1), (r + 2), are the circumferences

of the semicircles which form an A.P..
a = r, d =
Given the total circumferences of the first 8
semicircles = 84
n
[2a + (n 1)d] = 84
2
8
(2r + 7) = 84
2
2r + 7 = 21
2r + 7 = 21
2r = 14
r =7

= 60
=0
=0
=0
= 3,
= 20 is ignored since t  0.

(b) Distance travelled by particle P = 3(9 + 3)

= 36 m
10. (a) Given T30 = 99
a + 29d = 99.............................

S3
3
(2a + 2d)
2
3a + 3d
a+d

Therefore, the radius of the smallest semicircle is

7 cm.

= 45
= 45
= 45
= 15 .........................

, 28d = 84
84
d =
28
=3

17

Substitute d = 3 into ,
a + 3 = 15
a = 12
Therefore, the length of the shortest part is
12 cm.

Sn
118
n
1

r
a
118
1r

Let

 

1 n
1
3
80
1
1
3
1 n
1
3
1 n
1
3
59
1
60
1

60
1
log10
60
log10 1 log10 60
0 log10 60

(b) p = S30
30
= [2(12) + 29(3)]
2
= 15(24 + 87)
= 1665

 
 

11. Given T2 = 5
ar = 5 ....................

5
T5 =
8
5
ar4 = .................. 
8

 

 ar4
8
,
=
5

ar
1
3
r =
8
1
r =
2
1
Substitute r = into
,
2
a
= 5
2
a = 10

118
118
2


80
3
59


60
1 n


3
1 n


3
1 n

log10
3

n (log10 1 log10 3)

n (log10 3)

n log10 3

 
 

 

log10 60
n

log10 3
3.727  n
Hence, the minimum number of terms is 4.
13. (a) 5, 2.5, 1.25, are the heights bounced by the
yoyo in the subsequent processes which is a G.P.
1
with a = 5, r = .
2
At the fifth bounce = T5
= ar4
1 4
=5
2
5
=
16

a
S =
1r
10
=
1
1
2
= 20

 

12. Given S = 120

a = 120

1r
80 = 120

1r
80
1 r =
120
2
=
3
2
r= 1
3
1
=
3

The distance from the boys finger

5
= 10
16
11
= 9 cm
16
a
(b) S =
1r
5
=
1
1
2
= 10

18

S = 10 is the total distance bouncing up only.

Since the distance bouncing up and coming down
are the same, then the total distance travelled
= 2 10
= 20 cm

The area of the circle for sixth cylinder

d 2
=
2
5
= 2
16 2
25
= cm2
1024

 


14. For the heights:

20, 18, 16, which is an A.P. with T1 = 20 and
d = 2

The volume of the sixth cylinder

25
= (10)
1024
125
= cm3
512

Height of sixth cylinder, T6 = a + 5d

= 20 + 5(2)
= 20 10
= 10
For the diameters:
5
1
10, 5, , which is a G.P. with a = 10, r =
2
2
5
Diameter of sixth cylinder, T6 = ar
1 5
= 10
2
10

=
32
5
=
16

 

19