PRESTRESSED CONCRETE DESIGN

Prestressed Concrete design is a new technology that has been discovered by the engineers in order for
them to speed up the construction, especially on the superstructure. Prestressed concrete is a method of
overcoming the weakness of the concrete in tension. It can be used to a structural members such as
beams, columns, slabs and bridges with a longer span than the conventional method, concrete. The
Prestressed Concrete is made up of high compressive strength concrete and a prestressing tendons that is
high in tensile steel cable or rods that are used to provide a clamping load which produces a compressive
stress that balances the tensile stress that the concrete compression member would otherwise experience
due to bending load.
First, this course had caught my attention since it is new to the field of Civil Engineering and in construction.
As our professor discussed the introduction of this topic, I feel the excitement that I said to myself that this
course will be one of my favorite since it will provide me an easier and faster way to erect a certain project.
As a future Engineer we must consider all the possible multiple constraints in designing a certain project,
because we really dont focus on the safety of our design but also on the other possibilities that our design
will be possible. Our professor also gave as a final design project that we must have a multiple constraints
with the help of tradeoffs in order to satisfy the multiple constraints that has been encounter when
designing. The design project that I have designed is the 18.0 meters 2 lane bridge in Brgy. Usab Masbate.
The scope of my project focuses on the girder of the bridge. The multiple constraints that I have encounter
is the Economic (Cost) and the Constructability and as for the tradeoffs to satisfy the multiple constraints, I
used as a designer are the I girder and Box-type girder for my bridge. All of the things I have learned in my
professor are amazingly applied in my design with of course accordance to the different codes that our
country using when it comes to Prestress Concrete.
As a 5
th
year student of TIP I can say that I have learned a lot in my program that satisfied my curiosity. The
school focuses on the real life situation and how your program will work on the field. Their new teaching
methodology for the students has a great impact so that in the future when they graduated on TIP they
have stored so much knowledge.

Steve Darren A. Sarsonas





FOUNDATION DESIGN

The Foundation is the lowest and supporting layer of a structure. Foundations are generally categorized
into two categories: Shallow Foundation and Deep Foundation. A Shallow Foundation is a type of
foundation which transferred the loads from a building to the earth very near earth surface or the soil. The
Shallow Foundation has a 6 types namely spread footing foundation, mat-slab foundation, slab-on-grade
foundation, rubble trench foundation, pad foundation, and earthbag foundation. The Deep Foundation is a
type of foundation that is placed under the shallow when the soil on the shallow is very soft and has a big
settlement. The job of the deep foundation transfers the load from a building to the shallow foundation to
the pile that is driven on a very deep soil stratum until it reaches the bed rock. The deep foundation is costly
compared to the shallow.
The Geotechnical Engineering has a huge impact in the field of Civil Engineering because every structure
erected is started in its foundation in relation to the soil. Our professor thought us the basic knowledge in
foundation design and we manage to finish the course syllabus on time. We also conduct several
experiments that we, students, enjoyed in performing. Every experiment we made has its knowledge
tattooed in our minds. Our professor also gave us design project as our final requirement for this course.
The purpose of the design project is for the students will have a knowledge in designing a foundation in
relation with its multiple constraints that will be discovered later on and satisfy it with tradeoffs. The design
project that I made is focuses on the design of foundation in a 5-storey Apartment building with roof deck.
The multiple constraints that I have encountered based on the clients favour are the Economic (Cost) and
Constructability of the project and to satisfy his favour I manage to present two design schemes, the spread
or isolated foundation and mat foundation. I choose these two technology because it is way more
economical and the soil bearing capacity of the location of the project can withstand the loads coming from
the building. Also our professor assign us the reporting of the chapters and when the student cant explain
the report he will support us and explain further the chapters for the student can understand the topic.
As a student I can humbly say that I have the knowledge in designing a foundation of a certain project with
no doubts in my feelings. The good thing in TIP is that they offer programs that will give you an idea on our
question of what is my career 10 years from now?. They help the students give an idea on what will be
their jobs and give them the opportunity to and equipped them in order to face the tough competition in life.

Steve Darren A. Sarsonas



CE PROJECTS (CAPSTONE DESIGN)

The capstone design is a decision-making process in which the basic knowledge in science and
mathematics and engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a stated
objective. Among the fundamental elements of the design process are the establishment of objectives and
criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction, testing and evaluation. Also, the capstone design focuses and
trained the students to design a certain project in accordance with engineering design codes and
standards. Students also must identify the multiple constraints that their project might encounter and
satisfies it with tradeoffs. The students also must have a client in order for them to start the design process.
As for me, our adviser in the CE Projects or Capstone Design is Engr. Rhonnie C. Estores he is the one
who gave us tips and help us all the way in finishing our design project. All of us in our section were divided
in to 12 groups with 4 members each our professor gave us the opportunity to choose among the 4 fields of
Civil Engineering namely Structural, Geotechnical, Water Resources, and Transportation and Urban
Planning. Our group have decidedly chosen the Transportation and Urban Planning because we manage to
identify the big problem of our country today which is the traffic congestion. The traffic congestion has a
huge impact in our country especially in economic purposes. If there is huge traffic congestion in a certain
road and the transfer of goods and services might cause a delay and it can also cause as a liability to the
company. So, as a Civil Engineering student we chose a certain connector road and have an engineering
solution to it. Our project focuses on the C3 (G. Araneta Ave.) and E. Rodriguez Sr. Ave. Interchange
design. We manage to identify the traffic volume entering the intersection and we come up with a solution
to it to raise the medium-term traffic solution into a long-term traffic solution given the budget of the
government. The multiple constraints that we have encounter in our design is the Economic (Cost) and
Constructability (Duration) in order to satisfy these two constraints we come up with a 2 design schemes
and this design schemes will change the problem of that intersection. The design schemes that we
proposed are the depressed (vehicular underpass) and 2
nd
level flyover. To summarize our manuscript we
manage to come up with the flyover base on the raw designers ranking in initial and as well as in final. The
flyover is much more economical but slower in construction compared to the depressed in which it is
expensive but speedy in construction. As we go along with our design project our professor told us to have
an industry adviser in which we have, Engr. Nabor C. Gaviola is the President of the TTPI (Transport Traffic
Planners Inc.) and a professor in PUP (Polytechnic University of the Philippines) he helped us all the way in
our proposed design project and we meet him twice a week.
The design project was a successful for us graduate because before we leave the school we are already
equipped with the knowledge in designing in actual situations. The advantage of TIP compared to other
schools is we were taught to be a Civil Engineer and what does a real Civil Engineer do.

Steve Darren A. Sarsonas