FORCES AND MOTION

2.1 LINEAR MOTION

Question 1: Melaka Mid 08
Ali walks to the north for a distance of
300 m. He then turns west and walks
for another distance of 400 m to reach
Pak Kassims stall.
Diagram 1 shows the path taken by Ali.

Diagram 1

(a) Distance is a
Tick () the correct answer in the
box below

Scalar quantity

Vector quuantity

(b) On Diagram 1, mark an arrow to
show the displacement made by Ali
[1 mark]

(c) What is the total distance travelled
by Ali?

............................................................
[1 mark]

(d) Ali then walks home for another
distance of 500 m. What is the total
displacement made by Ali.

..............................................................
[1 mark]








Question 2: MRSM 07
Diagram 2.1 shows an experimental set-
up where a ticker timer is used to study
the type of motion for a trolley moving
down a friction-compensated runway.
The frequency of the ticker timer is 50
Hz.


Diagram 2.1

(a) State the type of current used by
the ticker timer.
[1 mark]

(b) Diagram 2.2 shows a strip of ticker
tape obtained from the motion of
the trolley.
Diagram 2.2

(i) What is the time interval
between two consecutive
dots?

[1 mark]
(ii) State the type of motion of the
trolley

[ 1 mark]

(iii) Calculate the velocity of the
trolley.


[2 marks]





Question 3
Diagram 3 shows a strip of ticker tape
which is produced by an moving object
through a ticker-timer of frequency 50
Hz.

Diagram 3

(a) State the type of current used by
the ticker-timer.

(b) Draw a tape chart for the motion
of the object.















(c) Describe the state of motion in
situation (b).

(d) Calculate the average velocity
for:
(i) the first 10 ticks


(ii) the last 10 ticks



(e) Calculate the acceleration of the
motion of the bus.



(f) Calculate the total displacement
by the situation.

2.2 MOTION GRAPH

Question 4
(a) Figure 4.1 shows a displacement-
time graph of an object.

Figure 4.1

(i) State the physical quantity
which represents the gradient
of the graph.

(ii) Calculate the gradient of the
graph, m.



(b) Figure 4.2 shows a graph of velocity
v against time t.

Diagram 4.2


(i) State the physical quantity
which represents the gradient
of the graph.

(ii) Calculate the gradient of the
graph.



(iii) Calculate the total distance
traveled by the object.




Question 5: Trial Melaka 08
Diagram 5.1 shows a velocity-time
graph for a toy car.
Diagram 5.1

(a) What is meant by velocity?


.
[1 mark]

(b) On Diagram 3.1 mark with R a
region with zero acceleration.
.
[1 mark]

(c) Based from Diagram 3.1 ,
Calculate
(i) The acceleration of the car.



[ 2 marks]

(ii) Displacement made by the
toy car in 20 seconds


[2 marks]

Question 6
Diagram 6 shows the distance-time
graph for the motion of a runner who is
running along a straight line.
Diagram 6

(a) Based on Diagram 6, what is the
distance travelled by the runner after
10 s?

...............................................................
. [1 mark]

(b) What physical quantity is given by
the gradient of the graph in Diagram
6?

...............................................................
. [1 mark]
(c) Describe the motion of the runner,
(i) from A to B

..............................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) from B to C

...........................................................
[1 mark]













Question 7
Diagram 7 shows the graph of velocity
against time for the motion of a car.
Diagram 7

(a) State the physical quantity
represented by

(i) the gradient of the graph.

.......................................................
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
(ii) the area under the graph.

........................................................
[1 mark]

(b) Complete the table below.

Section of the
graph

Type of motion of
the car

OA


AB



[2 marks]

Question 8: SBP 07
Diagram 8.1 shows a car driven by a
kidnapper has overtook a police car at
2.00 p.m. The police car then followed
the kidnappers car.
Diagram 8.2 shows a velocity against
time graph for both cars.



(a) Based on graph in Diagram 8.2,
state the motion of the
(i) kidnappers car


[ 1 mark ]
(ii) police car

...........
[ 1 mark ]
(b) (i) What is the net force acting on
the police car after 2.01 p.m?

................................................................
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) Give a reason for your answer
in 3(b)(i).

................................................................
[ 1 mark ]

(c) Sketch a displacement against time
graph of the police car.



2.3 INERTIA
2.4 MOMENTUM

Question 9
Diagram 9.1 shows a trolley P moving
with a constant velocity, u, collide with
a stationary trolley Q of mass 2 kg.
After collision, the two trolleys stuck
together and move with a final velocity,
v. the motion of the two trolleys is
recorded by a ticker tape attached to
the trolley P and passing through a
ticker tape timer having a frequency of
50 Hz.

Diagram 9.1

Diagram 9.2 shows the dots on the
ticker tape produced by the two trolleys
before and after the collision.

Diagram 9.2

(a) Name the type of collision involved
in this situation.
(b) What is the velocity of trolley P
before collision?



(c) What is the total momentum before
collision?


(d) What is the final velocity of the
combined trolleys P and Q?


(e) Determine the mass of trolley Q.




Question 10: Melaka F4 08
Diagram 10 shows a cannon of mass,M,
1200 kg fires a cannonball of mass,m, 4
kg. The speed of the cannonball as it
leaves the cannon is 60 ms
-1
.


Diagram 10

(a) What is meant by mass?

............................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Base on Diagram 10
(i) What is the relation between the
backward momentum and the
forward momentum

.........................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) Write the equation to show the
relationship in (b)(i) ?

.......................................................
[1 mark]

(iii) Name the physics principle
involved in the explosion.

.......................................................
[1 mark]
(c) Calculate the initial velocity of the
recoil cannon when the cannonball
is fired.


[2 marks]

Question11 (SPM 2004)
Diagram 11 shows a man standing on a
stationary boat. He then jumps out of
the boat onto the jetty. The boat moves
away from the jetty as he jumps.

Diagram 11

(a) State the physics principle that is
involved in the movement of the boat
as the man jumps onto the jetty.

_______________________________
[1 m]

(b) Explain why the boat moves away
from the jetty when the man jumps.

_______________________________

______________________________
[1 m]
(c) The mass of the man is 50 kg and he
jumps at a velocity of 2 ms
-1
. The
mass of the boat is 20 kg. Calculate
the velocity of the boat as the man
jumps.


[2 m]
(d) Name one application of the physics
principle stated in (a) in an
exploration of outer space.

_______________________________
[1 m]

Question 12: MRSM 08
Diagram 12 shows a softball moving
with high momentum.


Diagram 12

(a) What is meant by momentum?

.....................................................
[1 mark]

(b) Calculate the momentum of the
softball if the mass of the ball is
80 g and its velocity is 100 ms
-1
.

[2 m]

(c) If the mass of the ball is
increased but its momentum
remains unchanged, how does its
velocity change?

.....................................................
[1 mark]

(d) Using the concept of force,
explain why the player needs to
wear a glove to catch a fast-
moving softball.

....................................................
[1 mark]





Question 13: Melaka Mid 08
Diagram 13.1 shows a lorry of mass
1200 kg moving at the speed of 30 m/s
collides with a car of mass 1000 kg
which is travelling in the opposite
direction at 20 m/s. After the
collision, the two vehicles move
together.



Diagram 13.1

(a) State the type of collision
involved in this accident.

..........................................................
[1 mark]

(b) Calculate the velocity, v of both
vehicles immediately after
collision.



[2 marks]

(c) The driver of the car is thrown
forward during the collision.
State the physics concept
involved.


..........................................................
[1 mark]









(d) The speed limit and the load limit
of a truck is shown in Diagram
13.2.
Diagram 13.2

(e) Explain why the speed limit and
the load limit must be imposed on
the truck.

.........................................................

.........................................................

.........................................................
[2 marks]

2.5 FORCES
2.6 IMPULSIVE FORCE & IMPULSE

Question 14: Kedah 07
Diagram 14.1 and Diagram 14.2 show
two eggs released from the same height
and drop on to Surface A and Surface B
respectively.

Diagram 14.1 Diagram 14.2

(a) What is meant by impulse?

...................................................................
[1 mark]




(b) With reference to Diagram 14.1 and
Diagram 14.2;

(i) Compare the force on the eggs
that strike Surface A and Surface
B.

..........................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) Compare the time of impact of
the eggs on Surface A and
Surface B.

...............................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) Compare the change in
momentum of the eggs in both
situations.

...............................................................
[1 mark]

(iv) State the relationship between
the force produced in a collision
and the time of impact.

..........................................................
[1 mark]

(v) Suggest a suitable material for
Surface A.

...............................................................
[1 mark]

(c) Diagram 14.3 shows a pile hammer
used in driving a pile into the ground
at a construction site.


Explain how a large force is produced
by the pile hammer in driving the pile
into the ground.

..................................................................

.................................................................

.................................................................
[2 Marks]

Question 15: Melaka 09
A boy with mass 50 kg climbs up a 2.5
m wall from the ground level and jump
down as shown in Diagram 15.

Diagram 15

(a) (i) Name the energy gained by the
boy before the jump?

......................................................

(ii) State the energy change
experienced by the boy before
the leg hit the ground.

......................................................


(a) Based on the information given on
Diagram 15, calculate
(i) the speed of the boy just before
his legs touch the ground.



(ii) the impulsive force produced
when the time of action between
his legs and the ground is 0.03 s.


(c) Impulsive force can caused severe
damage. Suggest a method to
reduce the impact of the impulsive
force in eggs drop competition
from a height during a science
carnival. .
Your answer should base on the
following criteria
(i) The eggs casing

..................................................

Reason

.................................................
[ 2 marks]
[ 2 markah ]
(ii) Method for soft landing :

....................................................

Reason

.................................................... [ 2 marks]
[ 2 markah ]



Question 16 (SPM 2009) Q2
Diagram 16 shows an egg being
dropped onto a wooden block. The egg
cracks after an impact. The velocity of
the egg just before the impact is 5 ms
-1
.

Diagram 16

(a) Name the force involved during the
impact.

..............................................................
[1 m]
(b) Give one reason why the egg
cracked after the impact.

..............................................................
[1 m]
(c) The mass of the egg is 0.05 kg.
Calculate the momentum just before
the impact.

[2 m]


(d) Give one suggestion how you
would avoid the egg from cracking
when dropped from the same
height.

..............................................................
[1 m]





2.8 Gravitational Force

Question 17 (SPM 2003)
Figure 17 is a stroboscopic photograph
shows two steel balls in a state of free-

fall. Both balls are dropped
simultaneously from the same height..

Diagram 17

(b) Observe the photograph and state
two similarities between the position
of the balls.

_______________________________

_______________________________
[2 m]

(c) Name one physical quantity which
causes the balls to fail.

_______________________________
[1 m]

(d) Based on the positions of the free-
falling balls, there is a physical
quantity that is constant.
(i) Name the quantity.

_____________________________
[1 m]

(ii) What is the value of the quantity
and its unit?

_____________________________
[ 1 m]


(iii)State how the mass of a ball
affect the valued of the physical
quantity stated in (c)(i).

_____________________________
[1 m]

(e) A ball is thrown vertically upwards at
a certain velocity.
(i) What happens to the motion of
the ball as it moves upwards?

_____________________________
[1 m]
(ii) Give one reasons for your
answer.

_____________________________
[1 m ]



Question 18 (SPM 2004)
Figure 18.1 shows a feather and a water
droplet falling from the same height.
The mass of the feather and water
droplet is the same and both are
dropped simultaneously at time t = 0.

Figure 18.1

Figure 18.2

(a) Name one force acting on the
feather and the water droplet.

_____________________________

[1 m]
(b) Using Figure 18.1, compare the
surface area of the feather and
the water droplet.

_____________________________
[1 m]
(c) Using Figure 18.1 and 18.2,
compare the changes in velocity
of the feather and the water
droplet.

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________
[3 m]

(d) Using your answers in (b) and (c),
state the relationship between the
relationship between the surface
area and the final velocity.

_____________________________
[1 m]

(e) The feather and the water droplet
are dropped in a vacuum. Sketch
a velocity-time graph to show the
motion on both objects.


[2 m]


1.9 EQUILLIBRIUM OF FORCES

Question 19 SPM 1993
Two forces with magnitudes 3 N and 4
N act on an object Y as shown if Figure
18. The object Y is placed on a smooth
horizontal surface.

4 N








3 N



Figure 18

(a) By drawing a scaled
parallelogram of forces to
determine the resultant force on
the object Y.

(b) If the mass of object Y is 2.0 kg,
calculate its acceleration resulted
from the resultant force.




(c) State the direction and magnitude
of a force that has to be applied
on the object Y so that the object
is in equilibrium.

_____________________________








Question 19: SPM 2008 Q5
Diagram 19.1 shows two boys pushing
a large box. After some time, the box
still remains stationary.



Diagram 19.2 shows an aircraft
moving forward with a uniform
velocity at a constant height.



(a) Based on the situation in Diagram
19.1 and situation in Diagram
19.2,

(i) state similarities about the
magnitudes and directions of
the forces F
1
and F
2
, F
3
and F
4
.

magnitudes : ..................

directions : ................
[2 marks]

(ii) What is the net force in both
situations?


[1 mark]

(iii)Based on the answers in 5(a)(i)
and 5(a)(ii), name the physics
concept involved.


[1 mark]

(b) (i) Another aircraft has F
3
greater
than F
4
. Describe the motion
of this aircraft.


[1 mark]

(ii) Explain the answer in 5(b)(i).

.

.

.

.
[2 marks]

Question 20 (SPM 1996)
Figure shows a cyclist is riding along a
road at a constant velocity. The total of
downward force acting on the bicycle
and the cyclist is 650 N. The normal
reaction of the front tyre is 300 N and
forward thrust is 200 N.


(a) Calculate the normal reaction ,P
acting on the rear tyre .



(b) Give one reason why the total
resistance, Q should be 200 N
at that moment?



(c) What will happen when the
forward thrust is increased?




(d) Why the cyclist thrown forward
when the bicycle runs over a
stone.?



(e) Explain why the cyclist can
gets serious injuries if he falls
into the road which the surface
is very hard.














Question 21 (SPM 2005)
A student studies the effect of the
movement of a lift on the readings of a
weighing scale. The mass of the student
is 50 kg.
In this study, the student stands on a
weighing scale in a lift as show in the
following figure.

He records the readings of the weighing
scale when the lift is at rest, moving up
with acceleration, moving up with
uniform velocity, moving down with
uniform velocity and moving down with
deceleration.
The readings of the weighing scale in
the study are shown in the following
table.


Movement of the lift Reading
of the
weighing
scale/ kg
At rest 50
Moving up with
acceleration
60
Moving up with
uniform velocity
50
Moving down with
uniform velocity
50
Moving down with
deceleration
60

(a) The mass of the student is 50 kg.
What is the weight of the student in
newtons?

. N

(b) State two types of movement of
the lift when the reading on the
weighing scale is equal to the mass
of the student.

1...

2..

(c) F is the resultant force that acts on
the student.
R is the normal reaction of the
weighing scale on the student
m is the mass of the student
g is gravitational acceleration
Write a general equation to show
the relationship between F, R, m
and g.




(d) When the lift moves up with
acceleration , the normal reaction

is greater than his weight. Explain
why ?





(e) (i) What is observed on the
reading of the weighing scale
when the lift moves down with an
acceleration?



(ii)Give a reason for your answer in
(e)(i).












Question 22: MRSM 07
Diagram 22 shows a student pulling a
bag with a force F of 120 N.


Figure 22

(a) What is meant by force?

..............................................................
[1 mark]
(b) On Figure 3, mark and label the
horizontal component F
X
and the
vertical component F
Y
of the force F.

(c) Calculate the magnitude of F
x
and
F
y
.
(i) F
x


(ii) F
y


[4 marks]

Question 23: SBP F4 08
Diagram 23 shows a truck pulling a car
with a cable. The cable is at an angle of
60
0
to the horizontal.
The force, F, of the cable is 1500 N.


(a) What is meant by force?

.............................................................

............................................................
[1 mark]

(b) On Diagram 4, draw the horizontal
component, F
x
and the vertical
component F
y
for F.


In your drawing show the direction
of F
x
and F
y
.

[2 marks]

(c) Calculate the magnitude of the
horizontal component, F
x
.








[2 marks]

(d) What is the effect of the component
of forces, F
x
and F
y
to the towed
car?
(i) F
x
: ......................................................

(ii) F
y
: ......................................................
[2 marks]

Question 24: N9 08
Diagram 24 shows Nadia standing on a
weighing scale in a lift with Farah
standing beside her.

The reading of the weighing scale
observed by Farah is 50 kg when the lift
is stationary.
(a) What is Nadias weight?

..........................................................
[1mark]

(b) How is the reading of the weighing
scale when the lift
(i) accelerates upward

.................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) accelerates downward

................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) moves downward with
constant velocity

..............................................
[1mark]

(c) Give reasons for your answer in
(b)(iii)

..........................................................
[1 mark]

(d) If the reading of the weighing scale
in Diagram 4 is 46 kg, find the value
of the acceleration of the lift.


Question 25: Melaka 08
Diagram 25.1 and Diagram 25.2 show
two situations of action and reaction of
forces F
1
and F
2,
F
3
and F
4
.

The

rope in
Diagram 5.1 remains stationary while
the car in Diagram 25.2 moves at
uniform velocity of 20 ms
-1
.



(a) Name the force applies by the

athlete

on the rope.

............................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Based on Diagram 25.3,
(i) Compare the forces of F
1
and F
2


........................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) State a similarity between the
pairs of forces F
1
and F
2
on
Diagram 25.1 and forces of F
3
and F
4
on Diagram 25.2,


........................................................
[1 mark]

(c) (i) Based on Diagram 25.1, what is
the nett force exerted on the
rope?

......................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) Compare the net force exerted
in Diagram 5.1 and Diagram
5.2

....................................................
[1 mark]


(d) Based on your answers in (c)(i) and
(c)(ii) , relate the situations in
Diagram 25.1 and Diagram 25.2 to
the net force.

.............................................................

.............................................................
[2 mark]

(e) Name the phenomenon shown in
Diagram 25.1 and Diagram 25.2.

.........................................................
[1 mark]



Question 26(SPM 2000)
Figure 4 shows a high jump athlete of
mass 60 kg jumping over the bar of
height 5.0 m. I,J, K, L, M, N, O, P and Q
show the different stages of the jump
made by the athlete. The height of the
athlete from the level of the bar is 0.2 m.

Figure 4

(a) Why is the athlete required to
accelerate to a certain velocity at the
stage of J to K before he begins to
jump?


(b) Explain why the pole has to be bend
at L.



(c) Calculate gravitational potential
energy of the athlete.


(d) What is the acceleration of the
athlete at stage P?



(e) Why is a rubber mattress placed in
the area where the athlete lands?











Question 27 (SPM 2007 paper 2 A4)
Diagram 27 shows a worker lifting a
load of mass 20 kg using a pulley
system. The worker applies a force of
220 N to pull the rope down a distance

of 0.5 m. The load is raised to a height
of 0.5 m.

(a) What is meant by work?

_____________________________

(b) Calculate the work done
(i) by the worker to pull the rope
down a distance of 0.5 m.


(ii) on the load to raise to a height
of 0.5 m.





(c) (i) Compare the work done in
4(b)(i) and 4(b)(ii).
____________________________

(ii) state why there is a difference
between the work done in 4(b)(i)
and 4(b)(ii).

_____________________________






2.10 WORK & ENERGY

Question28: Melaka Mid 08
Diagram 28 shows a boy of mass 30 kg
sitting on the top end of an inclined
sliding board at a height of 2.5 m from
the ground. The boy slides down the
inclined board with the velocity of 4
ms
-1
before he touches the ground.


Diagram 28

(a) Name the energy gained by the
boy at point P.

........................................................
[1 mark]

(b) Calculate the energy consumes
by the boy:
(i) At point P.


[2 marks]

(ii) At point Q.


[2 marks]

(c) (i) Compare the energy
consumes in 28(b) (i) and
28(b) (ii).

...................................................
[1 mark]
(iii) State why there is a
difference between the
energy consumes in
28(b)(i) and 28(ii)

..................................................
[1 mark]

Question 29: Perak 07

4(b)(ii)

Diagram 29.1 and Diagram 29.2 show a
student throwing a javelin event using
different
throwing techniques.
The forces used by the student are the
same. The angles of projection are
different.



(a) Observe Diagram 29.1 and Diagram
29.2.
(i) Compare the distance of the
javelin travel from A to B.

......................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) What happens to distance of the
javelin thrown when the angle of
projection is less than the angle
of projection as shown in the
Diagram 29.2?
.......................................................
[1 mark]

(b) State the shape of the javelin so
that it moves with minimum
resistance through air.

..........................................................
[1 mark]

(c) The force which acts on the
javelin is 10 N and the thrown
distance 70 m, calculate the work
done by the student in Diagram
29.2.
[2 marks]


(d) (i) State the changes of energy
experienced by the javelin
from A to B in both
techniques.

..................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) State the energy produce
when the javelin touches the
ground.

....................................................
[1 mark]


Question 30: Johor 09
Diagram 30.1 shows two identical
trolleys P and Q on a frictionless
horizontal runway. Trolley P is loaded
with steel bars.


Diagram 30.1

A horizontal force of 10 N acts on trolley
P and Q.
(a) (i) Trolley Q moves faster than
trolley P. Explain your
observation.

.........................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) State the physical law that
explains your answer in (a)(i).

........................................................
[1 mark]

(b) Trolley Q then moves down the
frictionless slope as shown in
Diagram 30.2. There is air
resistance acting on the trolley
when it moves down the slope.




On the Diagram 30.2, when the trolley Q
is moving down the frictionless slope
label,
(i) The direction of the force due
to gravity
(ii) The direction of the force due
to air resistance
[2 marks]
(c) State the effect of the air
resistance to the motion of trolley
Q along frictionless slope in
Diagram 30.2

..........................................................
[1 mark]

(d) Compare the motion of trolley Q at
the frictionless slope and the rough
surface.

..........................................................
[1 mark]

(e) (i) The mass of trolley Q is 500 g.
Calculate the gravitational
potential energy of trolley Q, at
the top of the slope.

[2 marks]

(ii) The kinetic energy of the trolley
Q at the top of the slope is 3.0 J.
Calculate the total energy of the
trolley.

[3 marks]







2.11 ELASTICITY

Question 31 (SPM 2004)
Diagram 31 shows the arrangement of
an apparatus in an experiment to
determine the relationship between the
extension e of a spring T with weight W.
The relationship of e with W is shown in
the graph in Diagram 31.1

Figure 31.1

(a) (i) State the SI unit of weight.

(ii) State the relationship between e
and W.


(iii)Name the scientific law involved
in the relationship stated in (a)(ii).


(b) (i) What is the elastic limit of a
spring.


(ii) Mark with a cross (x) the elastic
limit of the spring on the graph.

(c) Based on the graph in figure 14.1,
determine the force constant of a
spring, k,.




(d) The spring stores energy when it is
extended. Calculate the energy
stored in the spring when it is
extended by 4 cm.




(e) Another spring, identical to spring T,
is added to the arrangement in
Figure 2.1. This new arrangement is
shown in Figure 2.2. The experiment
is then repeated.

Diagram 31.2

Sketch the graph of x against F for this
experiment in Diagram 31.1.

Question 33: Kedah 09
Diagram 33 shows the graph of force
against extension for three springs P, Q
and R.



(a) (i) A law states that the extension of
a spring is directly proportional
to the force applied if the elastic
limit of the spring is not
exceeded. Name this law.

........................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) On the graph in Diagram 33, mark
X at the elastic limit for each
spring.
[2 marks]

(b) The spring stores energy when it is
extended.
(i) Name the energy stored in the
spring when it is extended.

........................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) Calculate the energy stored in
spring R when its extension is
8.0 cm.

[3 marks]

(c) The springs are to be used in a
Newton balance to measure a
maximum load of mass 8 kg.
(i) What is the maximum weight of
the load?

.....................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) Which spring is the most
suitable to be used in the
Newton balance. Explain your
answer.

......................................................
[2 marks]