2001 Goulds Pumps

Effective August, 2001 www.goulds.com

Residential
Pump Fundamentals
Goulds Pumps and the ITT Engineered Blocks symbol are
registered trademarks and tradenames of ITT Industries.
2
Sources of Water
A source of water or a well is often referred to as shallow or deep.
These terms are referring to the depth of the water source or well.
A shallow well is one where the water is within 2 feet of the ground
surface. A deep well is where the static water level is more than 2 feet
down.
The standing water level in a well is called the static level. This is the
water level when the pump is not operating. !hen the pump comes on
and is running there often is a change in the water level. This is referred
to as drawdown. The drawdown occurs and the water level reaches
what is referred to as the pumping level. This is the operating level of
the pump. The lowest level to which the water will drop is the level from
which it must "e pumped.
#riven !ell #rilled !ell #ug !ell $istern %pring, &a'e, or
%urface !ater
2 ft.
A Shallow Well
(s an) source of water where the water is within 2 feet of ground level. !hen water is pumped from a well the
water level will draw down. The lowest level to which it will drop is the level from which it must "e pumped.
#riven !ell #rilled !ell #ug !ell
2 ft.
Draw
Down
Static Level
Pumping
Level
A Deep Well
(s an) source of water where the low water level is more than 2 feet "elow the ground level.
Pump
Types
*
Typical Jet Pump Installations
SHALLOW
WLL S!ST"
TWI# PIP
DP WLL
S!ST"
PA$%&
DP WLL
S!ST"
+se chec'
valve here
or foot valve
at end of
suction pipe.
Shallow Well Jet Pump
(n a shallow well ,et s)stem,
the ,et assem"l) is fastened
to the outside of the centrifu-
gal pump as illustrated. .r
the ,et assem"l) can "e "uilt
into the centrifugal pump
casing.
(n either case there is onl)
one pipe e/tending into the
well or source of water 0
the suction pipe.
Deep Well Jet Pump
A deep well ,et s)stem is
"asicall) the same as a
shallow well s)stem with
one ma,or difference1
the ,et assem"l) is
separate from the
centrifugal pump,
located in the well,
usuall) "elow the
pumping level of the
water, and piped to the
centrifugal pump with
two pipes. A suction
pipe and a pressure or
drive water pipe.
AW '( ADAPT&
Typical )oul*s Jet Pump Installations
(+PIP
PITLSS
ADAPT&
O,& TH WLL
2
Pump Types
(continued)
Typical Su-mersi-le Pump Installation
Goulds Pumps
Goulds 23
su"mersi"le
pump with a
lightning
protected
motor. Two or
three wire
models
availa"le.
Pressure Tan.
.ffers water storage for
fewer pump c)cles.
Provides air cushion to
operate against. Tan'
should "e si4ed so that
draw down is e5ual to
capacit) of pump.

The / 0asic
1uestions
2 $apacity #ee*e*
6ow "ig must the pump "e7
( Well $on*itions
(s a shallow or deep well pump needed7
/ Discharge $on*itions
6ow much pressure is needed7
The illustration a"ove poses a t)pical water s)stem pro"lem. The source of water is in nearl)
all cases lower than the house or "uilding. This is wh) a pump is needed 0 to raise the water
up
to the faucets and fi/tures. These are the three 5uestions to "e considered1
2 $apacity #ee*e*
6ow much water in gallons per hour or gallons per minute are needed7 This determines what si4e pump to use.
( Well $on*itions
!hat is the total suction lift7 !hat is meant ") 8total suction97 !e learn from this what to e/pect from a
shallow well pump and when and wh) to use a deep well pump.
/ Discharge $on*itions
6ow much pressure is needed at the pump7 6ow much pressure will result at the faucet7
!henever and wherever a pump is to "e used, the correct answers to these three 5uestions will tell the actual
pumping conditions or specificall) 0 what is re5uired of the pump. !ith this information, )ou can alwa)s
select the right pump from the catalog.
6
2 $apacity #ee*e*
6ow much water is availa"le7
6ow much water is needed7
6ow large must the pump "e7
Limiting 3actors
6ow much water is
availa"le7 :efore we
select a pump "ased on
need we must determine
if the suppl) is ade5uate.
;an) areas have what we
refer to as low )ield wells,
!ell recover) rates ma) "e
as low as 1 GP; or less.
A t)pical low )ield <1 0 2
GP;= well, cannot suppl)
the 10-12 GP; re5uired
") an average home. (f we
pump at 12 GP; and the
water enters the well at
2 GP; we will soon run
the pump dr). This s)stem
would re5uire a pump
protection device to turn
the pump off when it runs
out of water.
>ortunatel) some low
)ield wells have a great
deal of water stored in the
well due to high static
water levels. There are
00? deep wells with static
water levels, when not
multiple loads of laundr)
are out of the 5uestion,
this application could
provide a cost effective,
relia"le water suppl)
without the use of large
e/pensive storage tan's
and "ooster pumps. The
customer should "e made
aware of the limitations
of the well and the
options availa"le.
(f using a deep well ,et
pump in a low )ield well
)ou should use a *2? tail
pipe on the "ottom of the
,et assem"l). This will
prevent over pumping a
deep well. %ee the section
on +sing Tail Pipes in the
Technical ;anual of )our
catalog.
Another wea' well
scenario is to select a
su"mersi"le pump si4ed
for a ma/imum pumping
depth somewhat less than
the actual depth at which
the pump will "e installed.
(t will then "e impossi"le
for the pump to over
pump the well and run
dr). Another option is to
install a low water level
cut off s)stem with
electrodes to turn the
pump off at a predeter-
mined level. (t can "e set
up to automaticall) reset
when the water level rises.
+nli'e totall) electronic
protection devices the
electrodes must "e
installed in the well.
(f the source of suppl) is
a deep cased well, the
casing diameter and
depth to water are
limiting factors in how
much water can "e
pumped. A 23 casing
supplied. %mall diameter,
deep wells e5ual low
capacit) pumps. The) also
dictate the pump st)le
that can "e used.
4ample5
$ustomer has a 23 well
casing with a 100?
pumping level. !hat is
the correct pump and
what will it produce7
The ma/imum pump
capacit) is a"out @
GP; using a 23 pac'er
assem- "l) with a 2 6P,
2 stage ,et pump.
(n cases where we have no
limiting factors, where we
have all the water re-
5uired and a well that will
accommodate a reason-
a"l) si4ed pump. !e can
proceed to determine the
correct capacit) needed to
satisf) the customers
re5uirements.
Physical &estrictions
23 $asing
"eing pumped, of 20?. A
23 well casing stores
cannot accommodate a
su"mersi"le pump. A
23 diameter limits )ou to a
appro/imatel) .A2
gallons per foot or 1.2
gallons per foot in a A3
well. (n this case, a 23 well
stores *12 gallons and a
A3 stores AB2 gallons. (t is
possi"le to use a B or 10
GP; pump and not over
pump the well due to the
large amount of water
stored in the casing. !hile
lawn watering and dail)
Tail Pipe
Cet Assem"l)
*2?
>oot Dalve
deep well ,et pump with a
pac'er or single pipe
s)stem. A 23 pac'er
s)stem can suppl)
appro/imatel) *.* GP;
from a 200? water level at
*0 P%(. 6owever, a
su"mersi"le pump in a
23 diameter, 200? deep
well can easil) suppl) over
A0 GP; at A0 P%(. There-
fore, we can see that small
diameter wells limit the
availa"le flow that can "e
23
%u"
23
$asing
!ell
Too %mall
200?
&ow !ater
&evel
7
2*?
Piping
'itchen sin' to shower
head e5uivalent length 20?
Piping
pump tan' to 'itchen
sin', e5uivalent
length *0?
%tatic
water level,
pump not
running
Pumping
water level,
pump
running
Deman*
10?
*0?
20?
availa"le is used and
man) users are dissatisfied
with the results. The)
either
canEt ta'e a shower or fill a
tu" while sprin'ling the
lawn, or if a toilet is
flushed when ta'ing a
shower, the shower
diminishes to a dri""le, or
some similar interruption
occurs. The trou"le of
course is that the
The rate of flow from a
faucet or fi/ture depends
on its t)pe and si4e, the
length and si4e of pipe
suppl)ing it and the
difference in elevation
"etween it and the pump
or tan'. >urthermore, it is
impossi"le to determine ")
sight the e/act rate of flow
"eing delivered from a
This of course is not
alwa)s practical. The
capacit) of pumps
changes with pumping
conditions such as
pumping level of the water
and the operating
pressure. Accordingl), it is
good practice to provide a
pump capacit) for the
average home of from 10
to 12 gpm when availa"le.
The capacit) re5uired of
the pump is determined ")
the num"er of continu-
ousl) flowing demands
<showers, sprin'ling, filling
a tu" or stoc' trough, etc.=
which are li'el) to "e in
use at the same time with
consideration given to a
minimum rate of flow from
each of these outlets which
can "e considered as
satisfactor)
Appro4imate Water
Supply &e6uirements
Home 3i4tures
>illing .rdinar) &avator) 0 2 gal.
>illing avg. :ath Tu" 0 *0 gal.
>lushing !ater $loset 0 A gal.
Each %hower :ath 0 +p to A0
gal. #ishwashing ;achine 0
1 gal.Fload
Automatic &aundr) ;achine 0
+p to 0 gal.Fload
:ac'washing #omestic !ater
too small pump canEt
deliver water fast enough
to suppl) the demand 0 its
capacit) is too little.
#etermining how much
capacit) is re5uired is
not an e/act science. The
o",ective is to provide a
water service similar to that
availa"le from a good cit)
water s)stem. This provides
practicall) an unlimited rate
of flow from an) or all the
faucets or other outlets
either one at a time or all
used at the same time. A
home water s)stem can
provide this t)pe service
"ut there are few domestic
well that will furnish such a
5uantit) and it isnEt at all
li'el) that all the faucets in
a home will "e opened
faucet.
(t has "een determined
") test and ")
o"servation that the
smallest or
minimum rate of flow from
a faucet should "e a"out
three gallons per minute
<* GP;=. An) less than
this approaches what
appears to "e a dri""leG
somewhat more is much
more satisfactor).
According to this, if a
pump or water s)stem in
a home is to suppl) two
faucets or outlets such as
a shower and a 'itchen
sin' at the same time, its
capacit) should "e two
times three or si/ gallons
per minute <*A0 gallons
per hour=.
The water from the pump
or tan' will not necessaril)
flow to fi/tures or faucets
at the rates ,ust discussed.
This is determined ") the
resistance to water flow in
the house plum"ing and
is e/plained in the third
step of the procedure 0
#is- charge $onditions. (t
should, however, "e
o"vious now that in order
to use water from more
than one outlet at a time,
the capacit) of the pump
should "e greater than the
rate of flow in GP;
availa"le from an) one
faucet.
%oftener 0 +p to 100 gal.
!ar* 3i4tures
1
H23 6ose with Io44le 0 * gpm
*
H23 6ose with Io44le 0 gpm
&awn %prin'ler 0 2 gpm
The capacit) of a water
s)stem or pump deter-
mines its si4e. The "igger
it is, the higher its price.
$onse5uentl), in man)
cases the smallest si4e wide at the same time.
(t can "e assumed that in the average home an) two
faucets or outlets ma) "e opened at once. The pump
must have sufficient capacit) to suppl) them. This will
prevent the difficult) of not "eing a"le to use the shower
when
the 'itchen sin' is in use, and vice versa.
8
%hower in use
same time as
'itchen sin'
faucet on.
2 continuous uses re5uire A G.P.;. minimum
The capacit) re5uired ofthe pump is determined ") the num"er of continuous use
outlets in use at the same time. Jou can?t use water at one or a num"er of outlets
an) faster than the pump supplies it.
9
( Well $on*itions
The level of the water to
"e pumped is practicall)
alwa)s "elow ground. (t
can "e onl) a few feet
as in a spring, shallow
well, pond, etc., or it can
"e man) feet as in a
deep well. (f we could
alwa)s locate the
pumping mechanism in
the water, as we do with
su"mers- i"le pumps, our
pro"lem
e5ual to a"out 12.B l"s.
per s5uare inch at sea
level. !hen the pressure
of atmosphere is removed
from inside of a pump the
resulting condition is a
vacuum or partial
vacuum. (t is also called
suction.
The vacuum or suction
cham"er of a pump is
piped <suction pipe= to a
determine how high
water can "e raised ")
suction.
>irst, letEs consider terms
of measurement and their
relation to each other.
Pressure is usuall) e/-
pressed in pounds per
s5uare inch <P%(=.
Pressure is used to
raise water to a height
e/-
07 1 pound pressure
e5uals 2.*1 feet head.
$7 Atmospheric pressure
of 12.B / 2.*1 K
**.@ft. head, which is
the ma/imum possi"le
lift at sea level.
2'78 l-s7
9 (7/2 ft7
//7: ft7
(7/2 ft7
would "e simpler "ecause
then the water would
flow into the pump.
source of water. The
surface of the water
should "e e/posed to the
pressed in feet. This
height is also e/pressed
as feet head.
2 l-7 2'78 l-s7
6owever, standard electric
motors and switches are
not designed for su"-
merged operation.
Therefore the) must "e
located a"ove ground.
This poses the 5uestion1
6ow does the water get
pressure of atmosphere.
!hen the pump operates
it develops an un"alanced
pressure condition due to
the suction or vacuum it
produces. This un"al-
anced pressure <12.B l"s.
per s5. in. atmospheric
Dacuum is measured with
a vacuum gauge. The
gauge can "e cali"rated
in feet suction lift or
inches vacuum.
A7 1 inch vacuum e5uals
1.1* feet suction.
07 $7
#OT5 Jou lose
appro/i- matel) one foot
of suction lift per 1000
ft.
of elevation.
E/ample1 #enver, $.
is appro/imatel) 000
ft.
into the pump7
!e call it suction, "ut
what is it7 !hat actuall)
ma'es the water flow
uphill into the pump7
6ow high can we raise
water ") suction7
pressure on the surface of
the water with vacuum or
a"sence of pressure in the
pump= causes water from
the source to flow up the
suction pipe into the
pump. >rom this we can
(;
A7
,&TI$AL LI3T
PL<S 3&I$TIO#
((7=>
,acuum
)auge
a"ove sea level. The total
suction lift would onl) "e
2L.@ ft. not **.@ ft. li'e at
sea level.
1. The atmosphere all
around us has weight and
therefore e/erts pressure
Atmospheric Pressure
Atmospheric
Pressure
2'78 L0S7
Water Level
Tr) to lift soda from a "ottle ")
closing )our mouth over the
mouth of the "ottle. (t canEt "e
done. !hen )ou use a straw, it
is eas) 0 )ou are creating a
partial vacuum in )our mouth,
e/posing the surface li5uid to
atmospheric pressure, the
difference in pressure raises the
li5uid.
A reading of 203 on a vacuum
gauge placed on a suction side
of the pump would tell )ou
that )ou had a vacuum or
suction lift of 22.A ft.
203 / 1.1*? K 22.A ft.
T.TA& &EIGT6 .> %+$T(.I P(PE (% 100E
$APA$T(J .> P+;P (%
B GA&&.I% PEM ;(I+TE
B ft.
%TAT($ &EDE& .> !ATEM
2* ft.
DEMT($A& &(>T <E&EDAT(.I= K 2*? . . . . . . . . . 2*?
2 ft.
P+;P(IG &EDE&
.> !ATEM
>M($T(.I .> B GP;
(I 100 >T. .> P(PE 13 K *.A? 1
1
/23 K .@*?
T.TA& %+$T(.I &(>T K 2A.A? . . . . . . . . . 22?
.:D(.+%&J 1
1
/23 P(PE ;+%T :E +%E#.
Summing this up5 !hen
the atmospheric pressure
is 12.B l"s. per s5. inch a
perfect vacuum
should "e *0 inches and
this would lift water ")
suction
to a height of **.@ ft.
;ost shallow well or suction
pumps are capa"le of
developing a near perfect
vacuum, and at sea level
the) can lift water a"out
thirt) feet. 6owever,
suction
lifts of more than 2 ft.
at sea level are not
recom-
mended. %hallow well ,et
pumps deliver inade5uate
capacit) on lifts over 2
ft.
%uction conditions, or total
suction lift must include all
resistances to the flow of the
water through the suction
pipe up to the pump. 6eight
or vertical lift is one resis-
tance. >riction "etween the
water and the pipe walls is
the other resistance.
waste the least possi"le
amount of wor'. Neep
in mind that all wor'
"eing done on the
suction side of the pump
is actuall)
performed ") the
pressure of atmosphere.
%ince in
common practice we
consider this pressure
is
sufficient to overcome onl)
2 ft., the 2 ft. must
alwa)s include an) losses
due to
friction.
!e donEt have to "e too
concerned with how or wh)
friction loss is incurred, "ut it
is essential that we accept it
as occurring alwa)s when
water flows through pipes. (t
is, also, most essential that
we understand how it is
measured.
(n our discussion of suction
lift, atmospheric pressure
and the height this
pressure will raise water,
we esta"- lished the fact
that 12.B l".
pressure will raise water to a
height of **.@ ft. Although
there is no relation "etween
atmospheric pressure and
friction loss, the relation
"etween pounds pressure
and feet elevation or head
as we call it, is the
same whether the
pressure is
coming from atmosphere or
an) other source. %o, as
stated "efore, 12.B l"s.
pressure from an) source
will raise water **.@ ft. and
this gives us the conversion
factor to change our terms
from pressure to feet or the
reverse of this. Therefore,
1 l". of pressure is alwa)s
e5ual to 2.*1 ft. <**.@
divided ") 12.B e5uals 2.*1=.
Iow getting "ac' to friction
loss, the amount of this loss
increases as the 5uantit) of
water flowing through a
given si4e pipe is increased.
There are formulas to
determine the amount of
flow and an) pipe si4e. :ut
we donEt have to "e con-
cerned with this, since it
has all "een carefull)
calculated and set up in the
friction loss ta"le as shown
"elow. 4ample5 The
e/ample at the top of the
page shows that using the
correct si4e pipe will reduce
friction loss. .n some ,o"s,
a smaller pump with larger
pipe will do the same wor'
<flow= as
a larger pump with
smaller pipe. &arger pipe is
not
much more e/pensive "ut
larger pumps are. &arger
pumps also use more
energ). +sing the correct
pipe si4e saves mone) in the
long run. $alculating friction
loss is especiall) important if
)ou are not sure of the well
drawdown. (t is a ver)
good rule of thum" to
alwa)s use
a suction pipe that is the
same si4e or larger than
the
3riction Loss
!hen water flows through
pipe, the inner wall of the
3riction of Water per ach 2;; 3eet of #ew Steel
Pipe
)P" )PH
pump suction.
pipe resists the flow of the
water. This resistance
is called pipe friction.
3riction Loss Increases
when $apacit) (ncreases
or
Pipe &ength (ncreases
Pipe friction means e/tra
wor' for the pump or
s)stem and presents a
total
loss. Therefore, it is desira"le to 'eep friction loss as low as
is practica"le in order to
/
?@A Pipe
2
?(A Pipe
/
?'A
Pipe 2A Pipe 2
2
?'A
Pipe 2
2
?(A Pipe (A
Pipe (
2
?(A Pipe /A
Pipe 'A Pipe
3t7 L-s7 3t7 L-s7 3t7
L-s7 3t7 L-s7 3t7 L-s7
3t7 L-s7 3t7 L-s7 3t7
L-s7 3t7 L-s7 3t7 L-s7
1 A0 2.*0 1.LA 1.LA .L1 0.2A
0.11
2 120 1.00 A.2@ 2.BL 2.0B 1.21
0.2 0.*L 0.1A
* 1L0 *1.L0 1*.BB 10.00 2.** 2.0
1.0L 0.BB 0.**
2 220 2.@0 2*.BB 1B.10 B.20 2.21
1.L2 1.*0 0.A 0.*2 0.1
*00 L*.0 *A.2 2.L0 11.1B A.*2
2.B2 1.@* 0.L2 0.1 0.22 0.22 0.10
A *A0 *A.0 1.L0 L.LB
*.L2 2.AL 1.1A 0.B0 0.*0 0.** 0.12
0.10 0.02
B 220 2L.B0 21.0L 11.L0
.11 *.A 1.2 0.@* 0.20 0.22 0.1@
0.1* 0.0A
L 2L0 A2.B0 2B.12 1.00 A.2@ 2.2 1.@B 1.1L 0.1 0.A 0.22 0.1B 0.0B
@ 20 1L.L0 L.12 .A 2.2 1.2A 0.A* 0.A@ 0.*0 0.21 0.0@
10 A00 2*.00 @.@A A.LA 2.@B 1.BB 0.BB 0.L* 0.*A 0.2 0.11 0.11 0.0 0.02 0.02
12 B20 *2.A0 12.11 @.A2 2.1A 2.2L 1.0B 1.1A 0.0 0.*2 0.1 0.1 0.0A 0.0 0.02
1 @00 2@.B0 21.2 12.B0 A.*A *.B2 1.A2 1.B 0.BA 0.2 0.2* 0.22 0.10 0.0L 0.0*
20 1200 LA.10 *B.2B 2.10 10.LB A.*2 2.B2 2.@2 1.2B 0.LB 0.*L 0.*A 0.1A 0.1* 0.0A
2 100 *L.A0 1A.B1 @.A 2.1L 2.2L 1.@2 1.*0 0.A 0.2 0.2* 0.1@ 0.0L
*0 1L00 2.A0 2*.A2 1*.A0 .L@ A.2A 2.B1 1.L2 0.B@ 0.B 0.*2 0.2A 0.11
* 2100 B*.20 *1.BB 1L.20 B.LL L.*B *.A2 2.22 1.0 1.00 0.2* 0.* 0.1
20 2200 @.00 21.1* 2*.0 10.1B 10.B@ 2.AB *.10 1.*2 1.2L 0. 0.22 0.1@
2 2B00 *0.B0 1*.2@ 1*.2 .L2 *.L 1.AB 1.A0 0.A@ 0. 0.22
0 *000 *A.00 1.L 1A.20 B.10 2.AB 2.02 1.@2 0.L2 0.AA 0.2@ .1L .0L
B0 2200 AL.L0 2@.BL *1.*0 1*. L.LA *.L2 *.A* 1.B 1.22 0.* .* .1
100 A000 A2.20 2A.@* 1B.20 B.* B.11 *.0L 2.*@ 1.0* .A* .2B
10 @000 *L.00 1A.2 1.20 A.AB .12 2.2* 1.*2 .B
200 12000 AA.*0 2L.B0 2A.B0 11.A L.@0 *.L 2.2B .@L
20 1000 @0.B0 *@.2A 22.L0 1L.* 12.10 A.10 *.A0 1.A
*00 1L000 L.0 2.*2 1@.20 L.*1 2.L@ 2.12
*0 21000 B@.20 *2.2@ 2A.@0 11.A A.B2 2.@1
@
12
/ Discharge
$on*itions
!hat are the conditions
under which the water
s)stem must discharge its
capacit)7
The capacit) of the
pump has alread) "een
esta"- lished so we are
now concerned onl) with
the
!ould )ou rather have
at a faucet one gallon
per minute at a hundred
pounds pressure or ten
gallons per minute at ten
pounds pressure7 !hich
will fill a tu" 5uic'er7
100 10
friction loss in feet
calculated and changed to
pounds pressure <again the
same relation, 1 l".
Pressure e5uals 2.* ft. or
this can "e read directl)
from the ta"le in l"s.=G the
service pressure or
pressure
ADEMAGE $.I#(T(.I%
I. PM.:&E;
+I+%+A& $.I#(T(.I
pressure re5uired of the
s)stem.
(t seems that the pressure
and its use in a domestic
water s)stem are generall)
misunderstood, so perhaps
P%(
PME%%+ME
1 GA&&.I
PEM ;(I+TE
P%(
10 GA&&.I%
PEM ;(I+TE
re5uired at the faucet must
"e decidedG the total
of these three will "e
the discharge
conditions or
operating pressure re5uired
of the pump.
>M($T(.I &.%%7
E&EDAT(.I7
some e/planation is in
order. Ouite often it is
stated that a particular
pump is delivering suffi-
cient capacit) "ut fails
to
develop ade5uate
pressure. (n most cases this
is a misstatement and the
opposite condition is true.
This complaint is generall)
made when a particular
s)stem fails to provide
sufficient flow through
several outlets at the
same
Iow as to the resistance to
flow which will "e encoun-
tered, there are three
causes. These are <1= the
resistance ") the outlet
itself such as a partiall)
rusted shower head, <2=
friction loss in pipe
lines,
and <*= that resistance
due to difference in
elevations.
Actuall) none of these will
have to "e computed in
most applications "ecause
usuall) the pump is
4ample
%ervice pressure desired 0
*0 l"s. min .................... *0 l"s.
Elevation 2* ft.
1 l". K 2.* ft.
2* ft. F 2.* ft. K 10 l"s. .. 10
l"s.
>riction1
Pump capacit) is B gpm
This flow through 200 ft.
of 13 pipe gives a friction
loss of *.0A l"s. .................. * l"s.
*0
P%(
2*?
time. This is caused in most
cases ") the demand in
rate of flow "eing greater
than the capacit) of the
s)stem. (f the s)stem has
sufficient capacit) to suppl)
the ma/imum num"er of
outlets which are li'el) to
"e used at the same
time,
our onl) concern with
pressure is that we
have sufficient pressure
to
overcome the resistance
to flow which will "e
encountered. (f )ou have
an) dou"ts a"out this,
consider )our answer
to this 5uestion1 installed at the house, and
the standard pressure
range of the s)stem is
sufficient to overcome
these resistances and
deliver its capacit) to the
various outlets. An e/ample
in which these computa-
tions must "e made is
when the pump or s)stem
is located at considera"le
distance from the point of
use and on a lower
elevation.
(n such a case the differ-
ence in elevation must "e
determined <1 l". Pressure
is necessar) to overcome
each 2.* ft. elevation=G the
2
* l"s.
Pressur
e
switch
setting
at the
pump
would
"e <2*-
A*
l"s.=
This
means
when
the
pressure switch
cuts the pump on
at a"out
2* l"s. Tan'
pressure, the
pressure at the
house will "e *0
l"s. !hen the
water is flowing
at a rate of
B gallons per
minute.
13
200? 13 P(PE E&ED AT(.I
14
Jet Systems
The first 5uestion with Cet Pumps is what is the suction
cham"er and how is the vacuum created.
The Cet Assem"l) itself forms the suction cham"er and
the vacuum is created ") the ver) high velocit) of a
stream of water passing through the ,et. :asicall), the ,et
assem"l) is composed of two parts. >irst, a no44le which
produces the high velocit) stream of water. This high
velocit) stream of water is in,ected through a small
compartment which is the suction cham"er, there")
causing the vacuum. ."viousl), the suction pipe is
connected to this compartment or suction cham"er. The
vacuum caused ") the ,et permits the greater pressure of
atmosphere on the surface of a "od) of water to force
water into the suction cham"er.
The second "asic part of the Cet Assem"l) is the venturi
tu"e. (t is installed in the discharge of the suction
cham"er. (ts function is to convert the velocit) of the
water into pressure. This is accomplished ") the shape
of its water passage. Perhaps )ou can "est visuali4e this
") thin'ing of a no44le in reverse. The no44le speeds up
the flow of the drive water converting pressure into
velocit) and when it has passed through the suction
cham"er,
the venturi slows it down again converting the velocit)
"ac' into pressure.
8#rive water9 is that water which is piped under pres-
sure to the ,et assem"l) or suction cham"er. The dis-
charge from the suction cham"er or ,et assem"l) is
composed of "oth the drive water and that water
pumped from the well. The total amount pumped from
the well can "e used as discharge from the s)stem and
is the output or capacit).
Shallow Well Jet Pump
>rom the foregoing discussion it is o"vious that the
operation of the Cet s)stem is dependent on the com-
"ined functions of "oth the Cet Assem"l) or suction
cham"er and the centrifugal pump. Also, that these two
main components of the s)stem are entirel) separate
and their locations with respect to each other is a
matter of design.
Types of Pumps
(n shallow well ,et pumps the ,et assem"l) is "uilt into
the pump casing as in the Goulds Pumps C%. .r, the
,et assem"l), shallow well adapters, can "e "olted to
the centrifugal pump. (n either case there is onl) one
pipe e/tending into the well . . . the suction pipe.
Deep Well Jet Pump
The onl) "asic or fundamental difference "etween
%hallow !ell and #eep !ell Cet Pumps is the location of
the Cet Assem"l). (t must alwa)s "e located in such a
position that the total suction lift "etween it and the
pumping level of the water to "e pumped does not
e/ceed that which can "e overcome ") the pressure of
atmosphere. This, of
course, means that when this pumping level is at a
distance lower than the ground level which cannot "e
overcome ") atmospheric pressure, the Cet Assem"l) must
"e located at least five feet "elow the low water in the
well.
!e must have a closed compartment in which to install
the no44le and the venturi and to form the suction
cham"er. This part is called the ,et "od). (ts shape is such
that it will fit into the casing of a drilled well and the pipe
connections
are located for accessi"ilit). There are two on the top side,
one for connection to the pressure pipe which supplies the
drive water, the other for connection to the suction pipe
which returns "oth the drive water and the water pumped
from the well. >or this reason, this connection is one pipe
si4e larger than that for the pressure pipe. !ater from the
well enters through a third opening which is on the
"ottom side of the ,et "od).
The last accessor) for the Cet %)stem is the pressure
control valve. (t is a valve installed in the discharge piping
from the centrifugal pump "etween the pump and the
tan'G in the pump when the pump is mounted on a tan'.
+sed onl) in deep well s)stems, its purpose it to assure a
minimum operating pressure for the ,et.
Pressure
$ontrol
Dalve <AD22=
(nstall
$hec'
Dalve
6ere .r
>oot
Dalve at
End of
%uction
Pipe
%uction
Pipe
Pressure Pipe
Dent
uri
15
I
o
4
4
l
e
Dent
uri
Twin Pipe
#eep !ell
Cet Assem"l)
>oot Dalve
16
Su-mersi-le Pump
%u"mersi"le pumps are so named "ecause the whole
unit, pump and motor is designed to "e operated under
water. This means the pump does not have to "e primed.
.nce installed and turned on, water flows up the pipe.
The pump end is a multistage <man) impellers= centrifugal
pump, close coupled to a su"mersi"le electric motor. All of
the impellers of the multistage su"mersi"le rotate in the
same direction ") a single shaft. Each impeller sits in a
"owl and the flow from the impeller is directed to the ne/t
impeller through a diffuser. These three parts <"owl,
impeller and diffuser= are 'nown as a stage.
#iffuser
#iameter of (mpeller
Affects Pressure
(mpeller
!idth of (mpeller Danes
Affects $apacit)
%u"mersi"le pumps are so much more efficient than ,et
pumps and the installation so much simpler that a
su"mers- i"le pump should "e considered first for all pump
applica- tions where the ph)sical dimensions of the source
of the water will accommodate the unit in a su"merged
position.
4ample5 A0 ft. pumping levelG
*0-0 l"s. Pressure.
1
H2 6P su"mersi"le ................................................ 11 gpm
1
H2 6P ,et s)stem ..................................................... A gpm
$entrifugal Pump
The centrifugal pump does two things. (t circulates the
drive water at the pressure re5uired to produce the
necessar) velocit) in the Cet. (t also "oosts the pressure
of that water "eing pumped from the well delivering it
through the discharge of the s)stem at a satisfactor)
service pressure. %ince the one return pipe from the ,et
assem"l) contains "oth these 5uantities of water, this
:owl
%haft
The capacit) of a multistage centrifugal pump
<su"mersi"le= is largel) determined ") the width of the
impeller and diffuser, regardless of the num"er of stages.
The pressure
is determined ") the diameter of the impeller,
the speed at which it rotates and the num"er of
impellers. The diameter is limited to the si4e of
wells drilled. ;ost su"mersi"les are designed to
fit in four or si/ inch wells <or larger=.
A
1
H2 6P pump with seven impellers <designed
for capacit)= would deliver more water at L0?
than a
1
H2 6P pump with 1 impellers <designed for
pressure= "ut the latter pump would "e a"le
to raise water from a greater depth.
!ell water enters the unit through screened
openings at the middle of the unit "etween the
pump and motor. There is onl) one pipe connec-
tion which is at the top of the pump. This is the
discharge pipe. A chec' valve is located at the
top of the unit to prevent water from the s)stem
draining "ac' when the pump isnEt running.
return pipe is connected direct to the suction opening of
the centrifugal pump. The action of the centrifugal
pump can "e thought of as that of a paddlewheel. The
impeller is a multi-vane <or "lade= wheel and its design
is such that its si4e, shape and speed impart sufficient
energ) to the water in the s)stem to circulate it at the
desired rate.
As the water is discharged from the centrifugal pump, it
is divided. The drive water, or that amount re5uired to
operate the Cet is piped directl) to the Cet through the
pressure pipe. (t is continuousl) recirculated so long as
the centrifugal pump is running. That amount pumped
from the well is discharged from the centrifugal pump
directl) into the tan' and is the capacit) of the s)stem.
$entrifugal Pump $haracteristics
P (mpeller attached to a ;otorF#river
P (mpeller draws the 6P off the ;otorF#river
P >le/i"le machineG capa"le of
a range of performances at
good efficiencies
P !ill overload motor
<pumps ma/. capacit)=
P &imited %uction &ift capa"ilit)
<1-2?=
P (mpeller ma'es own pressure
<P%(=
P Adds its pressure to an) incoming pressure
P Poor air-handling capa"ilit) <$avitation, loss of suctionF
prime, and air-"inding=
Accessories
!hen appl)ing a pump to an) specific pro"lem pertain-
ing to domestic water suppl), our o",ective in practicall)
ever) case should "e to provide automatic running
water under pressure 0 a water service compara"le to
that which might "e e/pected from connection to a cit)
water main. :ut, a pump alone can hardl) perform the
several necessar) functions. $ertain other accessories are
necessar), and the com"ination of them all forms what
we call a water s)stem.
alwa)s "e considered. The larger a motor is in horse-
power the more starting power re5uiredG therefore, the
less fre5uentl) it should "e started.
(t is good practice to si4e the tan' to re5uire the pump
to run at least one minute per c)cle when using frac-
tional horsepower motors and two to three minutes for
larger motors.
There are three "asic t)pes of tan's in use toda).
"otors
The first accessor) is the drive medium which on practi-
call) all water s)stems of toda) is an electric motor.
Jou should remem"er that some of our pumps, in
particular
A(M D.&+;E
$.ITM.&
A(M
!ATEM
$onventional or )alvaniBe* Type
Me5uires an air volume control device
to 'eep proper amount of air cushion
in the tan'.
the ,et pumps in large motor si4es and su"mersi"le
pumps, are furnished with motors of current characteris-
tics as specified. Therefore, when ordering these, we
must "e advised the electrical characteristics.
Pressure Switch
The ne/t accessor) re5uired is a pressure switch to start
and stop the motor automaticall) at a predetermined
pressure. A tu"e connects the switch to some point in
the s)stem on the discharge side of the pump. The
pressure in the s)stem then acts directl) on a diaphragm
in the switch which in turn actuates the contacts in the
>&.AT(IG
#(%$
#(AP6MAG;
A(M
!ATEM
A(M
!ATEM
A(M DA&DE
3loating Disc Type
#isc helps in preventing water from
a"sor"ing air "ut is not a"solute. (t
re5uires periodic replenishment of air
through air valve.
Seale* Diaphragm Type !ater
and air are permanentl) separated
") sealed diaphragmG therefore,
the amount of air never changes.
The amount of draw-off also never
changes.
switch.
Pressure Tan.s
The rate at which water can "e used in a home, school,
motel, or an) other place can "e as little as one gallon a
minute <A0 gallons per hour= <"rushing teeth or rinsing
hands=. .r the ma/imum can "e hundreds or thousands
of gallons per hour depending on the num"er of water
using fi/tures and, or appliances in use at the same
time.
A pump capa"le of delivering a capacit) e5ual to the
ma/imum demand cannot necessaril) "e throttled to
the minimum demand.
The main purposes of a pressure tan' are to pressuri4e
the s)stem to ma'e it operate automaticall) and to
properl) c)cle the pump to properl) cool the motor.
This prevents e/cessive short c)cling <too rapid starting
and stopping=. The pump capacit) and si4e motor
should
&elief ,alve
As a precaution or protection against the possi"ilit) of
the switch "ecoming stuc' at some time allowing the
pump to continue running after sufficient pressure has
"een o"tained, a relief valve is necessar) with all
s)stems capa"le of developing pressures in e/cess of the
wor'- ing limits of the tan'. A relief valve is a spring
controlled valve located somewhere close to or in the
pump on the discharge side, or on the tan'. The tension
of the spring is so ad,usted that it will permit the valve
to open and allow the water to escape if the pressure in
the s)stem e/ceeds ") more than a"out 10 l"s. That at
which the pressure switch is set to cut off the current to
the motor.
3oot ,alve
A foot valve is a com"ination chec' valve and strainer.
Summary
Iow letEs summari4e
"riefl) the points weEve
covered. !e have shown
that in a water s)stem
application, there are three
factors to consider1
1. !ater Ieeded or #eter-
mination of $apacit)
2. %uction $onditions, and
*. #ischarge $onditions.
!e have concluded that
capacit) re5uired is deter-
mined ") the ma/imum
num"er of outlets which
will "e in continuous use
at the same time with a
minimum flow of three
gallons per minute per
outlet.
!e have shown that all ,et
pumps, whether shallow
well or deep well, have a
water end in which there is
a suction cham"erG that the
suction cham"er is actuall)
a closed container in which
a partial vacuum is created.
This allows atmospheric
pressure to force in the
water. The suction cham"er
must "e located within
a"out 2 feet vertical
distance a"ove the pump-
ing level of the water.
The main difference
"etween shallow well and
deep well pumps is that in
the former the water end is
"uilt onto the power end.
The water end of deep well
,et pumps is a separate
part. (t is installed in the
water and is used to pump
water from levels "elow a
2 feet depth. !e have
shown that a su"mersi"le
should "e used when
source will allow. %ince the
su"mersi"le is su"merged
in water onl) discharge
conditions appl). !eEve
esta"lished three distinct
forms of resistance to flow
encountered as #ischarge
$onditions and shown that
the) must "e considered
"ut computed onl) in
special cases. Also, that the
pump is onl) part of the
s)stem necessar) to
provide an automatic
service. .ther accessories
are necessar) and weEve
esta"lished the need and
function of each of these
accessories.
!e have mentioned *
GP; as a minimum
accepta"le flow rate per
outlet. :ut a larger flow
rate is more desira"le and
the following ta"le should
"e used as an average
suppl) re5uired when the
source of suppl) will allow
it.
!e would li'e to leave )ou
with one thought. That is,
capacit) and pressure are
inversel) related. !hen one
goes up, the other goes
down. Alwa)s chec' the
rating chart or curve of a
pump to ma'e sure if )ou
raise the pressure )ou will
still receive the needed
suppl) of water at )our
outlets.
+sing the rating chart
"elow, we would "e
getting L GP; from the
pump at 20 l"s. pressure.
(f we were tr)ing to
suppl) two outlets at
once, this would give us
appro/imatel) 2 GP; at
each one. (f we increase
the pressure to *0 l"s.
pressure, we onl) get
A GP; which will give us
appro/imatel) * GP; at
each outlet. :) raising the
pressure we have reduced
the amount of water at
each outlet ") appro/i-
matel) 2Q.
Alwa)s chec' the pump
performance rating
"efore ma'ing a change.
Performance &ating in
)allons per "inute
Seven "inute Pea. Deman* Perio* <sage
Outlets
3low &ate
)P"
Total <sage
)allons
0athrooms In Home
2 2
2
?( (+(
2
?( /+'
%hower or :ath Tu" * * * * B0
&avator) 2 2 2 2 A L
Toilet 2 10 1 20
Nitchen %in' * * * * *
Automatic !asher * 0 1L 1L 1L
#ishwasher 2 12 0 0 * *
Iormal seven minuteRpea' demand <gallons= 2 B0 @L 122
;inimum si4ed pump re5uired to meet pea'
#emand without supplemental suppl)
B GP;
<220=
10 GP;
<A00=
12 GP;
<L20=
1B GP;
<1020=
#ote5 Dalues given are average and do not include higher or lower e/tremes. R Pea' demand can occur
several times during morning and evening hours.
A**itional &e6uirements5 >arm, irrigation and sprin'ling re5uirements are not shown. These values must
"e added to the pea' demand figures if usage will occur during normal demand periods.
Pump Discharge Pressure
Total
Suction
Lift
(; PSI /; PSI
"a47
Shut+Off
in L-s7
feet
L
GP;
A
GP;
1 l"s.
1uestions C
Answers
1. !hat well conditions might possi"l) limit the
capacit) of the pump7
2. 6ow does the diameter of a cased deep well and
pumping level of the water affect the capacit)7
*. (f there are no limiting factors, how is capacit)
determined7
2. !hat is suction7
. !hat is atmospheric pressure7
A. 6ow much is the pressure due to atmosphere7
B. !hat is ma/imum theoretical suction lift7
L. 6ow does friction loss affect suction conditions7
@. !hen and wh) do we use a deep well ,et pump7
Mate of flow from the source of suppl), the diameter of
a cased deep well and the pumping level of the water in
a cased deep well.
&imits the si4e pumping e5uipment which can
"e used.
;a/imum num"er of outlets or faucets li'el) to "e in
use at the same time.
A partial vacuum created in suction cham"er of pump
o"tained ") removing pressure due to atmosphere,
there") allowing greater pressure outside to force
something <air, gas, water= into the container.
The atmosphere surrounding the earth presses against
the earth and all o",ects on it, producing what we call
atmospheric pressure.
This pressure varies with elevation or altitude. (t is
greatest at sea level <12.B l"s. Per s5. in.= and
graduall) decreases as elevation a"ove sea level is
increased. At the rate of appro/imatel) 1 foot per 1000
feet of elevation.
%ince suction lift is actuall) that height to which
atmospheric pressure will force water into a vacuum,
theoreticall) we can use the ma/imum amount of this
pressure 12.B l"s. per s5. in. at sea level which will raise
water **.@ ft. >rom this, we o"tain the conversion factor
of 1 l". per s5. in. of pressure e5uals 2.*1 ft. head.
The resistance of the suction pipe walls to the flow of
water uses up part of the wor' which can "e done ")
atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the amount of loss due
to friction in the suction pipe must "e added to the
vertical elevation which must "e overcome and the total
of the two must not e/ceed 2 feet sea level. This 2
feet must "e reduced 1 foot for ever) 1,000 feet eleva-
tion a"ove sea level which corrects for a lessened
atmospheric pressure with increased elevation.
!hen the water level is more than 2 feet "elow the
pump "ecause this is the ma/imum practical suction
lift which can "e o"tained with a shallow well pump at
sea level.
10. !hat do we mean ") water s)stem7
11. !hat is the purpose of a foot valve7
12. Iame the two "asic parts of a Cet Assem"l).
1*. !hat is the function of the no44le7
12. !hat is the purpose of the venturi7
1. !hat do we mean ") 8drive water97
1A. !hat is the source of the 8drive water97
1B. !hat is the purpose of the centrifugal pump7
1L. !here is the Cet Assem"l) usuall) located in a
%hallow !ell Cet %)stem7
1@. !hat is the principal factor which determines if a
shallow well ,et s)stem can "e used7
20. !hen is a deep well ,et s)stem used7
21. $an a foot valve "e omitted from a #eep !ell Cet
%)stem7 !h)7
22. !hat is the function of a chec' valve in the top of
a su"mersi"le pump7
2*. A su"mersi"le pump is made up of two "asic parts.
!hat are the)7
22. !h) did the name su"mersi"le pump come into
"eing7
A pump with all necessar) accessories, fittings, etc.,
necessar) for its completel) automatic operation.
(t is used on the end of a suction pipe to prevent the
water in the s)stem from running "ac' into the source
of suppl) when the pump isnEt operating.
Io44le and Denturi.
The no44le converts the pressure of the drive water into
velocit). The velocit) thus created causes a vacuum in
the Cet Assem"l) or suction cham"er.
The venturi converts the velocit) from the no44le "ac'
into pressure.
That water which is supplied under pressure to drive the
,et.
The drive water is continuousl) recirculated in a closed
s)stem.
The centrifugal pump provides the energ) to circulate
the drive water. (t also "oosts the pressure of the
discharged capacit).
:olted to the casing of the centrifugal pump.
A ma/imum suction lift of 2? at sea level.
!hen the total suction lift e/ceeds 2 ?.
Io, "ecause there are no valves in the Cet Assem"l) and
the foot valve is necessar) to hold water in the s)stem
when it is primed. Also, when the centrifugal pump isnEt
running, the foot valve prevents the water from running
"ac' into the well.
To hold the pressure in the line when the pump
isnEt running.
Pump end and motor.
:ecause the whole unit, pump and motor, is designed to
"e operated under water.
2. A su"mersi"le pump can "e installed in a 23 well7
2A. A stage in a su"mersi"le pump is made up of
three parts. !hat are the)7
2B. A su"mersi"le pump has onl) one pipe connection7
2L. !hat are two reasons we should alwa)s consider
using a su"mersi"le first7
2@. The amount of pressure a pump is capa"le of
ma'ing is controlled ") what7
*0. The width of an impeller and guide vane control
what7
Io, the) re5uired a 23 well or larger for most domestic
use. &arger pumps with larger capacities re5uire A3
wells or larger.
(mpeller, diffuser and "owl.
True, for the discharge pipe.
(t will pump more water at higher pressure with less
horsepower. Easier installation.
The diameter of the impeller.
The amount of water or capacit) the pump is capa"le of
pumping.
Pro-lems
3riction of Water P& A$H 2;; 3T of #ew Steel Pipe
)P" )PH
/
?@A Pipe
2
?(A Pipe
/
?'A Pipe 2A Pipe 2
2
?'A Pipe 2
2
?(A Pipe (A Pipe (
2
?(A Pipe /A Pipe 'A Pipe
3t7 L-s7 3t7 L-s7 3t7 L-s7 3t7 L-s7 3t7 L-s7 3t7 L-s7 3t7 L-s7 3t7 L-s7 3t7 L-s7 3t7 L-s7
1 A0 2.*0 1.LA 1.LA .L1 0.2A 0.11
2 120 1.00 A.2@ 2.BL 2.0B 1.21 0.2 0.*L 0.1A
* 1L0 *1.L0 1*.BB 10.00 2.** 2.0 1.0L 0.BB 0.**
2 220 2.@0 2*.BB 1B.10 B.20 2.21 1.L2 1.*0 0.A 0.*2 0.1
*00 L*.0 *A.2 2.L0 11.1B A.*2 2.B2 1.@* 0.L2 0.1 0.22 0.22 0.10
A *A0 *A.0 1.L0 L.LB *.L2 2.AL 1.1A 0.B0 0.*0 0.** 0.12 0.10 0.02
B 220 2L.B0 21.0L 11.L0 .11 *.A 1.2 0.@* 0.20 0.22 0.1@ 0.1* 0.0A
L 2L0 A2.B0 2B.12 1.00 A.2@ 2.2 1.@B 1.1L 0.1 0.A 0.22 0.1B 0.0B
@ 20 1L.L0 L.12 .A 2.2 1.2A 0.A* 0.A@ 0.*0 0.21 0.0@
10 A00 2*.00 @.@A A.LA 2.@B 1.BB 0.BB 0.L* 0.*A 0.2 0.11 0.11 0.0 0.02 0.02
12 B20 *2.A0 12.11 @.A2 2.1A 2.2L 1.0B 1.1A 0.0 0.*2 0.1 0.1 0.0A 0.0 0.02
1 @00 2@.B0 21.2 12.B0 A.*A *.B2 1.A2 1.B 0.BA 0.2 0.2* 0.22 0.10 0.0L 0.0*
20 1200 LA.10 *B.2B 2.10 10.LB A.*2 2.B2 2.@2 1.2B 0.LB 0.*L 0.*A 0.1A 0.1* 0.0A
2 100 *L.A0 1A.B1 @.A 2.1L 2.2L 1.@2 1.*0 0.A 0.2 0.2* 0.1@ 0.0L
*0 1L00 2.A0 2*.A2 1*.A0 .L@ A.2A 2.B1 1.L2 0.B@ 0.B 0.*2 0.2A 0.11
* 2100 B*.20 *1.BB 1L.20 B.LL L.*B *.A2 2.22 1.0 1.00 0.2* 0.* 0.1
20 2200 @.00 21.1* 2*.0 10.1B 10.B@ 2.AB *.10 1.*2 1.2L 0. 0.22 0.1@
2 2B00 *0.B0 1*.2@ 1*.2 .L2 *.L 1.AB 1.A0 0.A@ 0. 0.22
0 *000 *A.00 1.L 1A.20 B.10 2.AB 2.02 1.@2 0.L2 0.AA 0.2@ .1L .0L
B0 2200 AL.L0 2@.BL *1.*0 1*. L.LA *.L2 *.A* 1.B 1.22 0.* .* .1
100 A000 A2.20 2A.@* 1B.20 B.* B.11 *.0L 2.*@ 1.0* .A* .2B
10 @000 *L.00 1A.2 1.20 A.AB .12 2.2* 1.*2 .B
200 12000 AA.*0 2L.B0 2A.B0 11.A L.@0 *.L 2.2B .@L
20 1000 @0.B0 *@.2A 22.L0 1L.* 12.10 A.10 *.A0 1.A
*00 1L000 L.0 2.*2 1@.20 L.*1 2.L@ 2.12
*0 21000 B@.20 *2.2@ 2A.@0 11.A A.B2 2.@1
>rom the ta"le, give the friction loss in ft. for the following
conditions1
*
H23 1
1
H23 23
100 >eet of Pipe
0 >eet of Pipe
10 >eet of Pipe
L0 >eet of Pipe
1. *A0 GP6 ................................. a " c
2. A00 GP6 ................................. a " c
*
H23 1
1
H23 23
*. 220 GP6 ................................. a " c
2. A00 GP6 ................................. a " c
1
H23 13 1
1
H23
. 220 GP6 ................................. a " c
A. 2L0 GP6 ................................. a " c
*
H23 13 1
1
H23
B. *A0 GP6 ................................. a " c
L. A00 GP6 ................................. a " c
Pro-lems (continued)
27 (7
Total E5uivalent &ength of %uction
Pipe from Pump #own into !ell.
*0 ft.
*
H23 Pipe
Total E5uivalent &ength of %uction
Pipe from Pump #own into !ell.
120 ft. Pipe
%tanding level of water
Pumping level of water
1 ft. Dertical &ift
%tanding level of water
Pumping level of water
1L ft. Dertical &ift
Pump $apacit) A GP;
a. !hat is friction loss7
". !hat is total lift7
Pump $apacit) 10 GP;
a. !hat si4e suction pipe is re5uired to 'eep total
lift within 2 feet7
". !hat is friction loss7
c. !hat is total lift7
/7
Pump $apacit) A
GP; Elevation1 2* ft.
>riction &oss1 2 l"s.
.perating Pressure1 20-20 l"s.
a. !hat is the %ervice Pressure7
>riction
%ervice Pressure
Elevation
!ell 6ouse
Pump and Tan'
Pro-lems (continued)
'7 D7
%ervice
Pressure
%ervice
Pressure
>riction Elevation
>riction
Elevation
!ell
6ouse
Pump and Tan'
Pump $apacit) A GP;
!ell
6ouse
Pump and Tan'
Pump $apacit) 10 GP;
Elevation1 2* ft.
.perating Pressure1 20-20 l"s.
200 ft. of
*
H23 #ischarge Pipe
a. 6ow much is friction loss7
". !hat is the %ervice Pressure7
c. !hat change would )ou ma'e in this s)stem
and what would the result "e7
Elevation1 L0 ft.
%ervice Pressure Me5uired1 20-20 l"s.
&ength of #ischarge Pipe1 *00 ft.
a. !hat si4e pipe to use7
". 6ow much is friction loss7
c. !hat will the operating pressure of the pump
"e7
d. 6ow man) continuous use outlets operating at
the same time will this capacit) suppl)7
Pump $apacit) is L GP;.
%ervice Pressure Me5uired at Tan' in
:asement is *0 l"s.
a. !hat is the total length of pipe to "e considered
for friction loss7 >t.
". !hat is the friction loss in feet7 >t.
c. !hat is the total feet the pump will have to
overcome to get water to the tan'7 >t.
PME%%+ME
%!(T$6
0? E&EDAT(.I
120?
20?
P+;P(IG &EDE&
P+;P %ETT(IG
2001 Goulds Pumps
PM(ITE# (I +.%.A. SP$I3I$ATIO#S A& S<0J$T TO $HA#) WITHO<T #OTI$7
Pro-lems (continued)
>orm L2B2A-!% :P+;P