Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page
Mariwasa Siam Ceramics v.
Secretary December 21, 2009 Ponente: Nachura, J. Naomi Q. SUMMARY: Mariwasa fle a !etition "or cancellation o" union registration o" SMMS#$%ne!enent& alleging t'at t'e union "aile to com!l( wit' t'e 20) re*uirement+ S# rule in "avor o" t'e union because t'e a,avits o" recantation were e-ecute uner sus!icious circumstances& an contain allegations unsu!!orte b( evience+ DOCTRINE: .or t'e !ur!ose o" e$certi"(ing a union& it must be s'own t'at t'ere was misre!resentation& "alse statement or "rau in connection wit' t'e ao!tion or ratifcation o" t'e constitution an b($laws or amenments t'ereto/ t'e minutes o" ratifcation/ or& in connection wit' t'e election o" o,cers& t'e minutes o" t'e election o" o,cers& t'e list o" voters& or "ailure to submit t'ese ocuments toget'er wit' t'e list o" t'e newl( electe$a!!ointe o,cers an t'eir !ostal aresses to t'e 0LR+ FACTS: Petitioner Mariwasa Siam #eramics& %nc+ fle a Petition "or #ancellation o" 1nion Registration against res!onent Sama'an 2g Mga Manggagawa Sa Mariwasa Siam #eramics& %nc+ 3SMMS#$ %ne!enent4& claiming t'at t'e latter violate Article 254 o" t'e Labor #oe "or not com!l(ing wit' t'e 20) re*uirement& an t'at it committe massive "rau an misre!resentation in violation o" Article 256 o" t'e same coe+ Regiona Director o" D7L8 %9$A issue an 7rer granting t'e !etition& revo:ing t'e registration o" res!onent& an elisting it "rom t'e roster o" active labor unions+ !"R reverse Regional Director;s ecision+ Denie MR+ CA enie !etitioner;s Petition "or #ertiorari+ Denie MR+ <ence t'is !etition+ ='e !etitioner insists t'at res!onent "aile to com!l( wit' t'e 20) union members'i! re*uirement "or its registration as a legitimate labor organi>ation because o" t'e isa,liation "rom t'e total number o" union members o" 102 em!lo(ees w'o e-ecute a,avits recanting t'eir union members'i!+ ='e a,avits uni"orml( state t'at? 14 %n s!ite o" 'is 'esitation& t'e a,ant was "orce an eceive into @oining t'e res!onent union+ 24 ='e a,ants regret @oining res!onent union an e-!ress t'e esire to abanon or renege "rom w'atever agreement t'e( ma( 'ave signe regaring members'i! wit' res!onent+ ISSUE#$E"D: %ON t&e 'nion com(ie) wit& t&e *+, s'-scri(tion re.'irement / YES T&ere is a )istinction -etween wit&)rawas ma)e -e0ore t&e 1ing o0 t&e (etition 0or certi1cation eection2 an) wit&)rawas ma)e a0ter. %" mae be"ore t'e names o" em!lo(ees su!!orting t'e !etition are su!!ose to be 'el secret to t'e o!!osite !art(+ Logicall(& an( suc' wit'rawal or retraction s'ows voluntariness in t'e absence o" !roo" to t'e contrar(+ %" mae a"ter t'e em!lo(ees w'o are su!!orting t'e !etition become :nown to t'e o!!osite !art( since t'eir names are attac'e to t'e !etition at t'e time o" fling+ ='ere"ore& it woul not be une-!ecte t'at t'e o!!osite !art( woul use "oul means "or t'e sub@ect em!lo(ees to wit'raw t'eir su!!ort+ 1 Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page $ERE2 t&e a3)avits o0 recantation were e4ec'te) AFTER t&e 'nion 1e) a (etition # a0ter t&e i)entities o0 t&e 'nion mem-ers -ecame ('-ic. ='e !ur!orte wit'rawal o" su!!ort "or t'e registration o" t'e union was mae a"ter t'e ocuments were submitte to t'e D7L8& Region %9$A+ ='e logical conclusion& t'ere"ore& "ollowing @uris!ruence& is t'at t'e em!lo(ees were not totall( "ree "rom t'e em!lo(er;s !ressure& an so t'e voluntariness o" t'e em!lo(ees; e-ecution o" t'e a,avits becomes sus!ect+ T&e a3)avits were e4ec'te) 'n)er s's(icio's circ'mstances. ='e frst batc' o" 2A !ro "orma a,avits s'ows t'at t'e a,avits were e-ecute b( t'e iniviual a,ants on iBerent ates but t'e( were all sworn be"ore a notar( !ublic on Cune D& 200A+ ='ere was also a secon set o" EE stanari>e a,avits e-ecute on iBerent ates& AF o" t'ese were notari>e on Cune D& 200A& t'e ver( same ate w'en t'e frst set was notari>e+ #onsiering t'at t'e frst set was submitte to t'e D7L8 on Cune 14& 200A& it is sur!rising w'( !etitioner was able to submit t'e secon set o" a,avits onl( on Cul( 12& 200A+ Accoringl(& we cannot give "ull creence to t'ese a,avits& w'ic' were e-ecute uner sus!icious circumstances& an w'ic' contain allegations unsu!!orte b( evience+ At best& t'ese a,avits are sel"$serving+ ='e( !ossess no !robative value+ T&e retractions &ere are -are aegations an) cannot -e '(&e). A retraction oes not necessaril( negate an earlier eclaration+ .or t'is reason& retractions are loo:e u!on wit' is"avor an o not automaticall( e-clue t'e original statement or eclaration base solel( on t'e recantation+ %t is im!erative t'at a etermination be frst mae as to w'ic' between t'e original an t'e new statements s'oul be given weig't or accore belie"& a!!l(ing t'e general rules on evience+ Res(on)ent is a egitimate a-or organi5ation. 8ven assuming t'e veracit( o" t'e a,avits o" recantation& t'e legitimac( o" res!onent as a labor organi>ation must be a,rme+ G'ile it is true t'at t'e wit'rawal o" su!!ort ma( be consiere as a resignation "rom t'e union& t'e "act remains t'at at t'e time o" t'e union;s a!!lication "or registration& t'e a,ants were members o" res!onent an t'e( com!rise more t'an t'e re*uire 20) members'i! "or !ur!oses o" registration as a labor union+ Article 254 o" t'e Labor #oe merel( re*uires a 20) minimum members'i! uring t'e a!!lication "or union registration+ %t oes not manate t'at a union must maintain t'e 20) minimum members'i! re*uirement all t'roug'out its e-istence+ $ow to )e6certi0y a 'nion: .or t'e !ur!ose o" e$certi"(ing a union suc' as res!onent& it must be s'own t'at t'ere was misre!resentation& "alse statement or "rau in connection wit' t'e ao!tion or ratifcation o" t'e constitution an b($laws or amenments t'ereto/ t'e minutes o" ratifcation/ or& in connection wit' t'e election o" o,cers& t'e minutes o" t'e election o" o,cers& t'e list o" voters& or "ailure to submit t'ese ocuments toget'er wit' t'e list o" t'e newl( electe$a!!ointe o,cers an t'eir !ostal aresses to t'e 0LR+ T&ere was no 0ra') or misre(resentation. ='e bare "act t'at two signatures a!!eare twice on t'e list o" t'ose w'o !artici!ate in t'e organi>ational meeting woul not& to our min& !rovie a vali reason to cancel res!onent;s certifcate o" registration+ 2 Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page ='e cancellation o" a union;s registration oubtless 'as an im!airing imension on t'e rig't o" labor to sel"$organi>ation+ .or "rau an misre!resentation to be grouns "or cancellation o" union registration uner t'e Labor #oe& t'e nature o" t'e "rau an misre!resentation must be grave an com!elling enoug' to vitiate t'e consent o" a ma@orit( o" union members+ %n t'is case& we agree wit' t'e 0LR an t'e #A t'at res!onent coul not 'ave !ossibl( committe misre!resentation& "rau& or "alse statements+ ='e allege "ailure o" res!onent to inicate wit' mat'ematical !recision t'e total number o" em!lo(ees in t'e bargaining unit is o" no moment& es!eciall( as it was able to com!l( wit' t'e 20) minimum members'i! re*uirement+ STA. LUCIA EAST COMMERCIAL CORPORATION, Petitioner, v. HON. SECRETARY OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT and STA. LUCIA EAST COMMERCIAL CORPORATION WORKERS ASSOCIATION (CLUP LOCAL CHAPTER),Respondents. Ponente: Carpio Date: August 14, 2009 By: Marian C. Castillo FACTS/SUMMARY: This is a petition for reie! assailing the De"ision pro#ulgate$ %y the Court of Appeals $enying &ta. 'u"ia (ast Co##er"ial Corporation)s *&'(CC+ petition, an$ affir#ing the &e"retary of 'a%or an$ (#ploy#ent *&e"retary+ that the su%se,uent negotiations an$ registration of a "olle"tie %argaining agree#ent *CBA+ e-e"ute$ %y &'(CC !ith &a#ahang Manggaga!a sa &ta. 'u"ia (ast Co##er"ial *&M&'(C+ "oul$ not %ar &ta. 'u"ia (ast Co##er"ial Corporation .or/ers Asso"iation)s *&'(CC.A+ petition for $ire"t "ertifi"ation. In s!, "#$ %a&"s a'$ as %())(*s: Confe$erate$ 'a%or 0nion of the Philippines *C'0P+, in %ehalf of its "hartere$ lo"al, institute$ a petition for "ertifi"ation ele"tion a#ong the regular ran/1an$1file e#ployees of &ta. 'u"ia (ast Co##er"ial Corporation an$ its Affiliates 2C'0P1&'(CC an$ its Affiliates .or/ers 0nion3. 4o!eer, Me$1Ar%iter Ba"tin or$ere$ the $is#issal of the petition $ue to inappropriateness of the %argaining unit. 5n the #eanti#e, C'0P1&'(CC an$ its Affiliates .or/ers 0nion reorgani6e$ itself an$ re1registere$ as C'0P1&ta. 'u"ia (ast Co##er"ial Corporation .or/ers Asso"iation *herein appellant C'0P1&'(CC.A+, li#iting its #e#%ership to the ran/1an$1file e#ployees of &ta. 'u"ia (ast Co##er"ial Corporation. 5t !as issue$ Certifi"ate of Creation of a 'o"al Chapter 7o. 894001 01101CC1004. Thereafter, C'0P1&'(CC.A file$ a petition for $ire"t "ertifi"ation. &'(CC file$ a #otion to $is#iss the petition. 5t aerre$ that it has oluntarily re"ogni6e$ &M&'(C as the e-"lusie %argaining agent of its regular ran/1an$1file e#ployees, an$ that "olle"tie %argaining negotiations alrea$y "o##en"e$ %et!een the# *an$ a CBA !as later ratifie$ an$ registere$+. &'(CC argue$ that the petition shoul$ %e $is#isse$ for iolating the one year an$ negotiation %ar rules un$er pars. *"+ an$ *$+, &e"tion 11, 8ule :5, Boo/ ; of the 9#ni%us 8ules 5#ple#enting the 'a%or Co$e. HELD/DOCTRINE '$ Can&$))a"+(n (% Un+(n C$'"+%+&a"$ R$,+s"'a"+(n : C'0P1&'(CC an$ its Affiliates .or/ers 0nion)s initial pro%le# !as that they "onstitute$ a legiti#ate la%or organi6ation representing a non1appropriate %argaining unit. 4o!eer, C'0P1&'(CC an$ its Affiliates .or/ers 0nion su%se,uently re1registere$ as C'0P1&'(CC.A, li#iting its #e#%ers to the ran/1an$1file of &'(CC. &'(CC "annot ignore that C'0P1&'(CC an$ its Affiliates .or/ers 0nion !as a legiti#ate la%or organi6ation at the ti#e of &'(CC)s oluntary re"ognition of &M&'(C. &'(CC an$ &M&'(C "annot, %y the#seles, $e"i$e !hether C'0P1&'(CC an$ its Affiliates .or/ers 0nion represente$ an appropriate %argaining unit. T#$ +n&)s+(n +n "#$ n+(n (% d+s-a)+%+$d $!.)(/$$s +s n(" a!(n, "#$ ,'(nds %(' &an&$))a"+(n (% '$,+s"'a"+(n, n)$ss s&# +n&)s+(n +s d$ "( !+s'$.'$s$n"a"+(n, %a)s$ 5 S'ort? Pening a !etition "or cancellation o" t'e union;s registration& Sec o" Labor orere t'e !arties to negotiate t'e #0A+ Doctrine: 7en)ency o0 a (etition 0or canceation o0 'nion registration )oes not (rec')e coective -argaining. i" a certifcation election ma( still be orere es!ite t'e !enenc( o" a !etition to cancel t'e union;s registration& more so s'oul t'e collective bargaining !rocess continue es!ite its !enenc(/ ='e ma@orit( status o" res!onent union is not aBecte b( t'e !enenc( o" t'e !etition "or cancellation !ening against it/ unless t'e certifcate o" registration an its status as t'e certife bargaining agent are revo:e& t'e em!lo(er is ut( boun to collectivel( bargain wit' t'e union/ Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page s"a"$!$n" (' %'ad nd$' "#$ &+'&!s"an&$s $n!$'a"$d +n S$&"+(ns (a) "( (&) (% A'"+&)$ 012 (% "#$ La3(' C(d$. Thus, C'0P1&'(CC an$ its Affiliates .or/ers 0nion, haing %een ali$ly issue$ a "ertifi"ate of registration, shoul$ %e "onsi$ere$ as haing a",uire$ <uri$i"al personality !hi"h #ay not %e atta"/e$ "ollaterally. The proper pro"e$ure for &'(CC is to file a petition for "an"ellation of "ertifi"ate of registration
of C'0P1&'(CC an$ its Affiliates .or/ers 0nion an$ not to i##e$iately "o##en"e oluntary re"ognition pro"ee$ings !ith &M&'(C. Digite Teecomm v Digite Em(oyees Union et a 2012 Pere>& C+ Hen Molave Facts: 1664& union 'er became e-clusive bargaining agent o" all ran: an fle em!lo(ees o" Digitel+ %t commence bargaining negotiations w'ic' resulte in a bargaining ealoc:+ %t t'reatene to go on stri:e but t'e acting labor secretar( t'en assume @urisiction an irecte t'e !arties to e-ecute a #0A+ 2o #0A was "orge& 'owever+ Some members o" t'e union le"t Digitel an t'e union became ormant+ 2004& Digitel receive "rom 8s!lana 3w'o claime to be !resient o" t'e union4 a list o" o,cers& #0A !ro!osals an groun rules+ Digitel was reluctant to negotiate wit' t'e union an re*uire com!liance wit' !rovisions o" t'e union;s constitution an b($laws on members'i! an election o" o,cers+ 8s!lana an 'is grou! t'en flea case "or !reventive meiation wit' 2#M0 on Digitel;s violation o" t'e ut( to bargain+ Later t'e( fle a notice o" stri:e+ A"ter& Labor Sec Sto+ =omas assume @urisiction over t'e case+ Pening t'e controvers(& DigitelServince& %nc 3Digiserve4& an enter!rise engage in call center servicing fle wit' D7L8 an establis'ment termination re!ort stating t'at it will cease its business o!erations+ ='e closure aBecte at least 100 em!lo(ees+ 42 are members o" t'e union+ 0ecause o" t'is& 8s!lana an 'is grou! fle anot'er notice o" stri:e 3"or union busting& illegal loc:$out an violation o" assum!tion orer4+ Secretar( o" Labor sai t'e secon notice o" stri:e was subsume b( t'e !revious Assum!tion 7rer+ Meanw'ile& Digitel soug't to cancel t'e union;s registration wit' 0LR+ ='is was ismisse "or lac:o" merit+ 4 Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page Sec o" Labor orere Digitel to commence #0A negotiation+ Digitel motione "or reconsieration sa(ing t'at t'e !etition "or cancellation o" t'e union;s certifcate o" registration is a !re@uicial *uestion be"ore D7L8 coul orer t'e !arties to bargain collectivel(+ M.R was enie+ As "or t'e 1LP issue& it was ismisse b( t'e 2LR# but eclare t'e ismissal o" 15 em!lo(ees o" Digiserv as illegal an orer reinstatement+ 1nion mani"este t'at out o" t'e 42& onl( 15 remaine because most 'a acce!te se!aration !a(+ Digitel t'en went to #A to *uestion ecision o" Sec o" Labor on t'e !re@uicial *uestion issue an ecision o" 2LR# on illegal ismissal issue+ #A u!'el Sec o" Labor;s orer "or Digitel to commence #0A negotiations an em!'asi>e t'at t'e !enenc( o" a !etition o" a !etition "or t'e cancellation o" a union;s registration oes not bar t'e 'oling o" negotiations "or a #0A+ #A sustaine fning t'at Digiserv is a labor$onl( contractor+ M.R enie+ %#N (en)ency o0 a (etition 0or canceation o0 'nion registration (rec')e coective -argaining. No. R'e we sette). $ #a!itol Meical #enter v <on+ =ra@ano? i" a certifcation election ma( still be orere es!ite t'e !enenc( o" a !etition to cancel t'e union;s registration& more so s'oul t'e collective bargaining !rocess continue es!ite its !enenc(/ ='e ma@orit( status o" res!onent union is not aBecte b( t'e !enenc( o" t'e !etition "or cancellation !ening against it/ unless t'e certifcate o" registration an its status as t'e certife bargaining agent are revo:e& t'e 'os!ital is ut( boun to collectivel( bargain wit' t'e union/ Digiserv a a-or6ony contractor $ 2o s'owing t'at it 'as substantial investment in t'e "orm o" ca!ital& e*ui!ment or tools/ o 2LR# i not fn substantial its aut'ori>e ca!ital stoc: o" 1 million !esos/ o 7nl( 2A0 t'ousan !esos o" t'e aut'ori>e ca!ital stoc: 'a been subscribe an F2+A t'ousan !esos 'a been !ai u!/ o 2o increase in ca!itali>ation "or t'e last ten (ears/ $ Also& in its Amene o" Articles "or (ears 1664& 2001 an 200A& t'e !rimar( !ur!ose o" Digiserv is to !rovie man!ower services/ o P#% Automation #enter v 2LR#? legitimate @ob contractor !rovies services w'ile t'e labor$onl( contractor !rovies onl( man!ower/ $ %t oes not e-ercise control over t'e aBecte em!lo(ees/ o 2LR# 'ig'lig'te t'e "act t'at Digiserv s'are t'e same <R& Accounting& Auit an Legal De!artments wit' Digitel w'ic' mani"este t'at it was Digitel w'o e-ercise control over t'e !er"ormance over t'e aBecte em!lo(ees/ A8ecte) em(oyees were iegay )ismisse)9 A Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page $ 2LR# sai t'e 15 were inee em!lo(ees o" Digitel/ $ 8ven be"ore incor!oration o" Digiserv& t'e aBecte em!lo(ees were alrea( em!lo(e b( Digitel as =ra,c 7!erators& later rename as #ustomer Service Re!resentatives/ Digite: a8ecte) em(oyees vai)y )ismisse) on gro'n) o0 cos're o0 Digiserv $ S#? no/ $ .or a vali retrenc'ment& its elements 1 must be "ollowe/ $ 7nl( frst 5 were satisfe/ 1*1+ That retren"h#ent is reasona%ly ne"essary an$ li/ely to preent %usiness losses !hi"h, if alrea$y in"urre$, are not #erely $e #ini#is, %ut su%stantial, serious, a"tual an $ real, or if only e-pe"te$, are reasona%ly i##inent as per"eie$ o%<e"tiely an$ in goo$ faith %y the e#ployer= *2+ That the e#ployer sere$ !ritten noti"e %oth to the e#ployees an$ to the Depart#ent of 'a%or an$ (#ploy#ent at least one #onth prior to the inten$e$ $ate of retren"h#ent= *>+ That the e#ployer pays the retren"he$ e#ployees separation pay e,uialent to one *1+ #onth pay or at least ? #onth pay for eery year of seri"e, !hi"heer is higher= *4+ That the e#ployer e-er"ises its prerogatie to retren"h e#ployees in goo$ faith for the a$an"e#ent of its interest an$ not to $efeat or "ir"u#ent the e#ployees@ right to se"urity of tenure= an$ *A+ That the e#ployer use$ fair an$ reasona%le "riteria in as"ertaining !ho !oul$ %e $is#isse$ an$ !ho !oul$ %e retaine$ a#ong the e#ployees, su"h as status, effi"ien"y, seniority, physi"al fitness, age, an$ finan"ial har$ship for "ertain !or/ers. Digite in -a) 0ait& $ #lsosure o" Digiserv !ening t'e e-istence o" an assum!tion orer cou!le wit' t'e creation o" a new cor!oration !er"orming similar "unctions as Digiserv leaves no oubt t'at t'e targeot t'e closure are t'e union$member em!lo(ees/ 7etition Denie). ADAMSON & ADAMSON, INC., petitioner, vs.THE COURT OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS and ADAMSON & ADAMSON SUPERISOR! UNION "FF#$, respondents. Jan 31, 1984 Gutierrez, Jr. F Summary: The supervisors union and the rank and i!e union o the same emp!oyer "ompany, #damson $ #damson, %n"., &oined one nationa! ederation, 'ederations o 'ree (orkers. The emp!oyer "ompany "ha!!en)ed this ai!iation o the t*o unions. +o"trine: There is a re"o)nized ru!e that the ri)ht o supervisory emp!oyees to or)anize under the %ndustria! ,ea"e #"t "arries "ertain restri"tions -ut the ri)ht itse! may not -e denied or undu!y a-rid)ed. The supervisory emp!oyees o an emp!oyer "annot &oin any !a-or or)anization o emp!oyees under their supervision -ut may va!id!y orm a separate or)anization o their o*n. Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page Fa%ts&The petitioner emp!oyer #damson $ #damson %n". ar)ues that the ai!iation o the respondent union o supervisors, the sa!esmen.s asso"iation, and the #damson and #damson independent (orkers /nion o rank and i!e personne! *ith the same nationa! ederation 0'ederation o 'ree (orkers 0''(11 vio!ates Se"tion 3 o the %ndustria! ,ea"e #"t, as amended, -e"ause 2 011 it resu!ts in the indire"t ai!iation o supervisors and rank3and3i!e emp!oyees *ith one !a-or or)anization4 051 sin"e respondent union and the unions o non3supervisors in the same "ompany are )overned -y the same "onstitution and -y3!a*s o the nationa! ederation, in pra"ti"a! ee"t, there is -ut one union4 and 31 it *ou!d resu!t in the respondent union.s !osin) its independen"e -e"ause it -e"omes the a!ter e)o o the ederation. The issue presented invo!ves the "orre"t interpretation o Se"tion 3 o 6epu-!i" #"t 7o. 889, the %ndustria! ,ea"e #"t, as amended, *hi"h states: :mp!oyees sha!! have the ri)ht to se!3or)anization and to orm &oin or assist !a-or or)anizations o their o*n "hoosin) or the purpose ; "o!!e"tive -ar)ainin) throu)h representatives o their o*n and to en)a)e in "on"erted a"tivities or the purpose o "o!!e"tive -ar)ainin) and other mutua! aid or prote"tion. %ndividua!s emp!oyed as supervisors sha!! not -e e!i)i-!e or mem-ership in a !a-or or)anization o emp!oyees under their supervision -ut may orm separate or)anizations o their o*n. Iss'e& (hether or not a supervisor.s union may ai!iate *ith a ederation *ith *hi"h unions o rank and3i!e emp!oyees o the same emp!oyer are a!so ai!iated He(d& <es Ratio&%n interpretin) the prote"tion to !a-or and so"ia! &usti"e provisions o the =onstitution and the !a-or !a*s or ru!es and re)u!ations imp!ementin) the "onstitutiona! mandates, the S= have a!*ays adopted the !i-era! approa"h *hi"h avors the e>er"ise o !a-or ri)hts. There is a re"o)nized ru!e that the ri)ht o supervisory emp!oyees to or)anize under the %ndustria! ,ea"e #"t "arries "ertain restri"tions -ut the ri)ht itse! may not -e denied or undu!y a-rid)ed. The supervisory emp!oyees o an emp!oyer "annot &oin any !a-or or)anization o emp!oyees under their supervision -ut may va!id!y orm a separate or)anization o their o*n. The #damson and #damson Supervisory /nion and the #damson and #damson, %n"., Sa!esmen #sso"iation 0''(1, have their o*n respe"tive "onstitutions and -y3!a*s. They are separate!y and independent!y re)istered o ea"h other. ?oth sent their separate proposa!s or "o!!e"tive -ar)ainin) a)reements *ith their emp!oyer. There "ou!d -e no emp!oyer in!uen"e on rank3and3i!e or)anizationa! a"tivities nor "ou!d there-e any rank and i!e in!uen"e on the supervisory un"tion o the supervisors -e"ause o the representation sou)ht to -e pros"ri-ed. The "onusion seems to have stemmed rom the sui> o ''( ater the name o the !o"a! unions in the re)istration o -oth. 7onethe!ess, the in"!usion o ''( in the re)istration is mere!y to stress that they are its ai!iates at the time o re)istrations. %t does not mean that said !o"a! unions "annot stand on their o*n neither "an it -e "onstrued that their persona!ities are so mer)ed *ith the mother ederation that or one dieren"e or another they "annot pursue their o*n *ays, independent!y o the ederation. This is -orne -y the a"t that ''(, !ike other ederation is a !e)itimate !a-or or)anization separate and distin"t rom its !o"a!s and ai!iates. Atas v. "ag'esma E Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page Dea Sae Me)ica Center v. "ag'esma 12 August 1998 Ponente: J. Mendoa !oe Anuncio SUMMARY: ='e su!ervisor( em!lo(ees o" !etitioner "orme a union+ ='e RA. em!lo(ees li:ewise "orme a union o" t'eir own+ ='ese two unions& 'owever& are a,liate wit' t'e same national "eeration+ G'en t'e union o" su!ervisor( em!lo(ees fle a !etition "or certifcation election& t'e !etitioner o!!ose alleging t'at t'e union;s a,liation wit' t'e national "eeration wit' w'ic' t'e RA. em!lo(ees; union is also a,liate violates t'e Labor #oe+ S# sa(s t'e IR is t'at t'e union o" su!ervisor( em!lo(ees cannot a,liate wit' t'e "eeration wit' w'ic' t'e RA. em!lo(ees are a,liate+ ='ere is& 'owever& an e-ce!tion to t'is rule+ DOCTRINE: ='e union o" su!ervisor( em!lo(ees ma( a,liate wit' t'e "eeration wit' w'ic' t'e RA. em!lo(ees are a,liate sub@ect to certain conitions+ FACTS: De La Salle 1niversit( Meical #enter an #ollege o" Meicine 3DLS1M##M4 is a 'os!ital an meical sc'ool+ Private res!onent .eeration o" .ree Gor:ersDe La Salle 1niversit( Meical #enter an #ollege o" Meicine Su!ervisor( 1nion #'a!ter 3..G$DLS1M##MS1#4& on t'e ot'er 'an& is a labor organi>ation com!ose o" t'e su!ervisor( em!lo(ees o" !etitioner DLS1M##M+ Private res!onent ..G$DLS1M##MS1# is a local c'a!ter o" t'e .eeration o" .ree Gor:ers 3..G4& a national "eeration o" labor union+ ..G fle a !etition "or certifcation election in be'al" o" ..G$DLS1M##MS1#+ ='is was o!!ose b( !etitioner DLS1M##M on t'e groun t'at ..G$DLS1M##MS1# was com!ose o" bot' su!ervisor( an ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees+ Me$arbiter? grante !etition "or cert+ election+ A!!eal to S7L8? ismisse+ ISSUES#$E"D: 1+ G72 unions "orme ine!enentl( b( su!ervisor( an ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees o" a com!an( ma( valil( a,liate wit' t'e same national "eeration? IR? 27+ 8J#? K8S& sub@ect to certain conitions+ 2+ G72 suc' conitions were satisfe in t'e !resent case? K8S+ RATIO: :. Su!ervisor( em!lo(ees 'ave t'e rig't to sel"$organi>ation as o ot'er classes o" em!lo(ees save onl( managerial ones+ Art+ 24A o" t'e Labor #oe? Su!ervisor( em!lo(ees s'all not be eligible "or members'i! in a labor organi>ation o" t'e ran:$an$ fle em!lo(ees but ma( @oin& assist or "orm se!arate labor organi>ations o" t'eir own+ ='e reason "or t'e segregation o" su!ervisor( an ran:$ an$fle em!lo(ees o" a com!an( wit' res!ect to t'e e-ercise o" t'e rig't to sel"$organi>ation is t'e iBerence in t'eir interests+ Su!ervisor( em!lo(ees are more closel( ientife wit' t'e em!lo(er t'an wit' t'e ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees+ %" su!ervisor( an ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees in a com!an( are allowe to "orm a single union& t'e conLicting interests o" t'ese grou!s im!air t'eir relations'i! an aversel( aBect isci!line& collective bargaining& an stri:es+ ='ese conse*uences can obtain not onl( in cases w'ere su!ervisor( an ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees in t'e same com!an( belong to a single union D Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page but also w'ere unions "orme ine!enentl( b( su!ervisor( an ran:$anfle em!lo(ees o" a com!an( are allowe to a,liate wit' t'e same national "eeration+ *. ='e a,liation o" two local unions in a com!an( wit' t'e same national "eeration is not b( itsel" a negation o" t'eir ine!enence since in relation to t'e em!lo(er& t'e local unions are consiere as t'e !rinci!als& w'ile t'e "eeration is eeme to be merel( t'eir agent+ ='e locals are se!arate an istinct units !rimaril( esigne to secure an maintain an e*ualit( o" bargaining !ower between t'e em!lo(er an t'eir em!lo(ee members in t'e economic struggle "or t'e "ruits o" t'e @oint !rouctive eBort o" labor an ca!ital/ an t'e association o" locals into t'e national unionM was in "urt'erance o" t'e same en+ =wo conitions w'ic' will !ermit t'e unions o" su!ervisor( em!lo(ees an RA. em!lo(ees to be a,liate wit' t'e same national "eeration? 14 t'e ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees are not irectl( uner t'e aut'orit( o" su!ervisor( em!lo(ees/ 24 t'e national "eeration is not activel( involve in union activities in t'e com!an(+ Re conition N1? !etitioner DLS1M##M 'as not !resente an( evience s'owing t'at t'e ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees com!osing t'e ot'er union are irectl( uner t'e aut'orit( o" t'e su!ervisor( em!lo(ees+ Re conition N2? t'e !etition "or certifcation election in t'is case was fle b( t'e ..G on be'al" o" t'e local union+ ='is circumstance& w'ile s'owing active involvement b( t'e ..G in union activities at t'e com!an(& is b( itsel" insu,cient to @usti"( a fning o" violation o" Art+ 24A since t'ere is no !roo" t'at t'e su!ervisors w'o com!ose t'e local union 'ave irect aut'orit( over t'e ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees com!osing t'e ot'er local union w'ic' is also a,liate wit' t'e ..G+ ;o<sc&e "a-or Union v. !'rea' o0 "a-or Reations 19 June 198" Justice #ue$as %indain SUMMARY: 9ol:sc'el Labor 1nion was once a,liate wit' Associate Labor 1nion "or Metal Gor:ers 3AL1M8=AL4+ 9ol:sc'el an AL1M8=AL agree t'at AL1M8=AL will a!!l( !a(roll euctions twice a mont' on t'e members o" 9ol:sc'el as members'i! ues an ot'er "eesOfnes& as ma( be ul( aut'ori>e b( t'e 9ol:sc'el an its members+ ='e( calle t'is c'ec:$oB aut'ori>ation+ Subse*uentl(& ma@orit( o" 9ol:sc'el;s members ecie to isa,liate "rom AL1M8=AL in orer to o!erate on its own as an ine!enent labor grou!& !ursuant to Art+ 241 o" t'e Labor #oe. Moreover& t'e members o" 9ol:sc'el want to revo:e t'eir c'ec:$oB aut'ori>ation in "avor o" AL1M8=AL 7n t'e ot'er 'an& AL1M8=AL assaile t'at t'e isa,liation is contrar( to law an t'e members are still oblige to !a( t'eir ues+ ='e Su!reme #ourt rule t'at t'e isa,liation was vali an t'at 9ol:sc'el is no longer oblige to !a( t'eir union ues to AL1M8=AL+ DOCTRINE: ='e rig't o" a local union to isa,liate "rom its mot'er union is well$settle+ %n !revious cases& it 'as been re!eatel( 'el t'at a local union& being a se!arate an voluntar( association& is "ree to serve t'e interest o" all its members incluing t'e "reeom to isa,liate w'en circumstances warrant+ ='is rig't is consistent wit' t'e #onstitutional guarantee o" "reeom o" association 6 Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page ='e em!lo(eesP c'ec:$oB aut'ori>ation& even i" eclare irrevocable& is goo onl( as long as t'e( remain members o" t'e union concerne+ A contract between an em!lo(er an t'e !arent organi>ation as bargaining agent "or t'e em!lo(ees is terminate b( t'e isa,liation o" t'e local o" w'ic' t'e em!lo(ees are members+ FACTS: Local Union: Volkschel Labor Union(VOLKSCHEL) Mother Union: Associated Labor Union for Metal Workers (ALUMEAL for short) 1+ 97LH#<8L was once a,liate wit' AL1M8=AL+ 0ot' union entere into a collective bargaining agreement 3#0A4 wit' DMI %nc+& Peo!le;s #ar& %nc+& Hababa(an %nc+& an R=# =raing& %nc+ 3res!onent com!anies4 2+ ='e relevant !ortion o" t'e #0A is Section 5& w'ic' states t'at? &ection '. #()#*+,--. . /he #,MPAN0 agrees to ma1e 2a3ro44 deductions not so5tener than t6ice a month o5 7N8,N membershi2 dues and such s2ecia4 assessments 5ees or 9nes as ma3 be du43 authoried b3 the 7N8,N, 2ro$ided that the same is co$ered b3 the indi$idua4 chec1+o: authoriation o5 the 7N8,N members. A44 said deductions sha44 be 2rom2t43 transmitted 6ithin 9$e ;"< da3s b3 the #,MPAN0 to the 7N8,N /reasurer. /he #,MPAN0 sha44 2re2are t6o ;2< chec1s. ,ne ;1< chec1 6i44 be under the name o5 the 4oca4 union as their 4oca4 5und inc4uding 4oca4 s2ecia4 assessment 5unds and the other chec1 6i44 be 5or the A%7 !egiona4 ,=ce regarding the remittance o5 the 7N8,N dues deduction. 5+ Subse*uentl(& t'e local union isa,liate "rom t'e mot'er "eeration& !ursuant to Art+ 241 2 o" t'e Labor #oe+ As a result& t'e members o" t'e local union ao!te a resolution revo:ing t'eir c'ec:$oB aut'ori>ation in "avor o" t'e AL1M8=AL& t'e mot'er union+ 2otices were sent to t'e mot'er union an to t'e res!onent cor!orations+ 4+ ='e res!onent cor!orations was con"ronte wit' t'e issue o" w'et'er or not to continue eucting "rom t'e em!lo(ees; wages an remitting union ues to AL1M8=AL& w'ic' in"orme t'e cor!orations t'at t'e( must still continue t'e euction an remit t'e same to AL1M8=AL+ A+ ='e cor!orations soug't t'e legal o!inion o" t'e 0ureau o" Labor Relations+ Me Arbiter ='e isa,liation was legal+ <owever& t'e members o" t'e local union must still !a( t'eir ues to AL1M8=AL& as agenc( "ees+ 0LR Director ='e isa,liation was 27= vali+ Dues must still be !ai to AL1M8=AL& t'e mot'er union+ D7L8 Secretar( Remane to t'e 0LR Director+ 1!on reman& t'e 0LR Director maintaine t'at t'e isa,liation was not vali+ F+ Meanw'ile& on motion o" AL1M8=AL& t'e D7L8 Secretar( issue a writ o" e-ecution commaning t'e S'eriB o" 2LR# to en"orce t'e orer o" t'e 0LR Director w'ic' 'as become fnal an e-ecutor(+ ='e res!onent cor!orations 'ane to AL1M8=AL& t'e mot'er "eeration& t'e union ues an ot'er assessments in accorance wit' t'e #'ec:$7B !rovision o" t'e #0A+ ISSUES: 1+ %s t'e isa,liation valiQ K8S+ 2 Incumbent affiliates of existing federations or national unions may disaffiliate only for the purpose of joining a federation or national union in the industry or region in which it properly belongs or for the purpose of operating as an independent labor group. 10 Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page 2+ Do res!onent com!anies 'ave t'e rig't to eBect union ues collections es!ite revocation b( t'e em!lo(ees o" t'e c'ec:$oB aut'ori>ationQ 27+ RATIO: !ss"e #$ %isa&liation is 'alid( ='e rig't o" a local union to isa,liate "rom its mot'er union is well$settle+ A local union& being a se!arate an voluntar( association& is "ree to serve t'e interest o" all its members incluing t'e "reeom to isa,liate w'en circumstances warrant+ ='is rig't is sanctione b( t'e #onstitutional guarantee o" "reeom o" association 3Art+ %9& Sec+ E& 16DE #onstitution4+ 8n the case at bar& t'e local union;s isa,liation was !rom!te b( t'e mot'er "eeration;s eliberate an 'abitual ereliction o" uties towars t'e local union+ Accoring to t'e local union& t'eir grievances were le"t unattene b( t'e mot'er "eeration to t'e etriment o" t'e em!lo(ees; rig'ts an interests+ G'ile t'e clear !olic( us to t'e con@oin wor:ers an wor:er grou!s 3accoring to t'e D7L84& it is still o" !aramount im!ortance to u!'ol t'e constitutional manate to !rotect an labor an t'e wor:ers; rig't to sel" organi>ation+ 8n the case at bar& it woul go against t'e s!irit o" labor law to restrict t'e local union;s rig't to sel"$organi>ation ue to t'e e-istence o" t'e #0A+ ='e S# agrees wit' t'e Me Arbiter;s o!inion? RA isa,liation oes not isturb t'e en"orceabilit( an aministration o" a collective agreement/ it oes not occasion a c'ange o" aministrators o" t'e contract nor even an amenment o" t'e !rovisions t'ereo"+S 0ut t'e contract entere into b( t'e local union an AL1M8=AL oes not state t'at t'e local union ma( not isa,liate "rom t'e mot'er "eeration+ !ss"e ) * With the local "nion+s disa&liation, res-ondent cor-orations cannot contin"e the check$o. in fa'or of the /other federation( ='e cor!orations were wrong in continuing t'e c'ec:$oB in "avor o" t'e mot'er "eeration since t'e( were ul( notife o" t'e isa,liation o" t'e local union an t'e local union;s members; revocation o" t'e c'ec:$oB aut'ori>ation in "avor o" t'e mot'er "eeration+ ='e rule is t'at AL1M8=AL& t'e mot'er "eeration& is entitle to receive t'e ues "rom t'e res!onent cor!orations as long as t'e local union is a,liate wit' it an res!onent com!anies are aut'ori>e b( t'e members o" t'e local union to euct union ues+ <owever& t'e em!lo(ees; c'ec:$oB aut'ori>ation& even i" eclare irrevocable& is goo onl( as long as t'e( remain members o" t'e union concerne+ A contract between an em!lo(er an t'e !arent organi>ationO mot'er "eeration as bargaining agent "or t'e em!lo(ees is terminate b( t'e isa,liation o" t'e local union o" w'ic' t'e em!lo(ees are members+ RU"IN=: G<8R8.7R8& t'e Resolutions o" t'e 0ureau o" Labor Relations o" Canuar( 2A& 16EE an Marc' 14& 16EE are R898RS8D an S8= AS%D8+ Res!onent AL1M8=AL is orere to return to !etitioner union all t'e union ues en"orce an collecte t'roug' t'e 2LR# S'eriB b( virtue o" t'e writ o" e-ecution ate A!ril 4& 16EE issue b( res!onent 0ureau+ 2o costs+ Maayang Sama&an v. Ramos Date: -ebruar3 28, 2000 Ponente: Purisima, J. Digest Ma1er: John Michae4 >ida 11 Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page SUMMARY: A local union election was 'el b( MSMI uner t'e aus!ices o" 1LIGP "eeration+ Subse*uent events 3e+g+ 1LIGP conucting an auit o" MSMI;s "uns& isa!!roval o" t'e im!osition o" a P A0+00 fne& etc4 le to a souring o" MSMI an 1LIGP;s relations'i!& ening in t'e e-!ulsion o" MSMI "rom 1LIGP ue to acts o" islo(alt( an 1LIGP !ressuring Ireenfel to e-!el MSMI;s union o,cers "rom t'eir @obs+ ='e #ourt 'el t'at a local union 'as t'e rig't to isa,liate "rom its mot'er union or eclare its autonom(+ A local union& being a se!arate an voluntar( association& is "ree to serve t'e interests o" all its members incluing t'e "reeom to isa,liate or eclare its autonom( "rom t'e "eeration to w'ic' it belongs w'en circumstances warrant& in accorance wit' t'e constitutional guarantee o" "reeom o" association+ DOCTRINE: Disa,liation? a local union is "ree to isa,liate or eclare its autonom( "rom t'e "eeration to w'ic' it belongs w'en circumstances warrant& in accorance wit' t'e constitutional guarantee o" "reeom o" association+ FACTS: T27=8? ta:en an erive "rom earlier Labor 2 igests "rom last (ear;s !oolU Mala(ang Sama'an ng mga Manggagawa sa M+ Ireenfel %nc+ 3MSMI4 is an a,liate o" 1nite Lumber an Ieneral Gor:ers o" t'e P'ili!!ines 31LIGP4+ ='e #0A between MSMI an M+ Ireenfel& %nc+ 3Ireenfel4 inclues t'e "ollowing !ertinent !rovisions? Art+ %%$1nion Securit( Sec+ 1+ #o$erage and &co2e+ All em!lo(ees w'o are covere b( t'is Agreement an !resentl( members o" t'e 12%72 s'all remain members o" t'e 12%72 "or t'e uration o" t'is Agreement as a conition !receent to continue em!lo(ment wit' t'e #7MPA2K+ Sec+ 4+ Dismissa4. An( suc' em!lo(ee mentione in Section 2 'ereo"& w'o "ails to maintain 'is members'i! in t'e 12%72 "or non$!a(ment o" 12%72 ues& "or resignation an "or violation o" 12%72Ps #onstitution an 0($Laws an an( new em!lo(ee as efne in Section 2 o" t'is Article s'all u!on written notice o" suc' "ailure to @oin or to maintain members'i! in t'e 12%72 an u!on written recommenation to t'e #7MPA2K b( t'e 12%72& be ismisse "rom t'e em!lo(ment b( t'e #7MPA2K/ !rovie& 'owever& t'at t'e 12%72 s'all 'ol t'e #7MPA2K "ree an blameless "rom an( an all liabilities t'at ma( arise s'oul t'e ismisse em!lo(ee *uestion& in an( manner& 'is ismissal/ !rovie& "urt'er t'at t'e matter o" t'e em!lo(eePs ismissal uner t'is Article ma( be submitte as a grievance uner Article J%%% an& !rovie& fnall(& t'at no suc' written recommenation s'all be mae u!on t'e #7MPA2K nor s'all #7MPA2K be com!elle to act u!on an( suc' recommenation wit'in t'e !erio o" si-t( 3F04 a(s !rior to t'e e-!ir( ate o" t'is Agreement con"ormabl( to law+ Art+ %J Sec+ 4+ Program -und V ='e #om!an( s'all !rovie t'e amount o" P10&000+00 a mont' "or a continuing labor eucation !rogram w'ic' s'all be remitte to t'e .eerationM A local union election was 'el uner t'e aus!ices o" t'e 1LIGP& w'ere !etitioner 0ea Magalena 9illanueva an ot'er union o,cers were !roclaime as winners+ Later on& a Petition "or %m!eac'ment was fle wit' t'e 1LIGP b( t'e e"eate caniates in sai election+ Subse*uentl(& 1LIGP conucte an auit o" MSMI;s "uns+ ='e investigation resulte in t'e clearing o" t'e c'arges against t'e MSMI o,cers o" anomal( in t'e custo(& 'anling an is!osition o" t'e union "uns+ ='e 14 e"eate caniates t'en fle a Petition "or %m!eac'mentO8-!ulsion o" t'e local union o,cers wit' t'e D7L8 2#R+ <owever& t'e same was ismisse "or "ailure to substantiate t'e c'arges an to !resent evience in su!!ort o" t'e allegations+ MSMI t'en 'el a general members'i! meeting& but several union members "aile to atten& !rom!ting t'e 8-ecutive 0oar to create a committee tas:e to investigate t'e non$attenance& !ursuant to t'e b($laws o" t'e union+ As a result& MSMI wrote t'e com!an( a letter re*uesting it to euct t'e union fnes "rom t'e wagesOsalaries o" t'ose union members w'o "aile to atten t'e general members'i! meeting+ 12 Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page ='e Secretar( Ieneral o" 1LIGP& Ioo"reo Paceno& Cr+& isa!!rove t'e resolution o" t'e local union im!osing t'e PA0 fne+ ='e union o,cers !roteste suc' action b( t'e "eeration+ Subse*uentl(& t'e "eeration wrote t'e com!an( a letter avising t'e latter not to euct t'e PA0$fne "rom t'e salaries o" t'e union members an re*uesting t'at an( an all "uture re!resentations b( MSMI aBecting a number o" members be frst cleare "rom 1LIGP be"ore corres!oning action b( Ireenfel+ Ireenfel t'en sent a re!l( to t'e local union;s re*uest& stating t'at it cannot euct t'e fnes "rom t'e em!lo(ees; salar( wit'out going against certain laws an suggeste t'at t'e union re"er t'e matter to t'e !ro!er government o,ce "or resolution+ ='e im!osition o" t'e fne became t'e sub@ect o" bitter isagreement between 1LIGP an MSMI& culminating in MSMI;s eclaration o" general autonom( "rom t'e "ormer t'roug' a resolution !asse b( t'e local e-ecutive boar an ratife b( t'e general members'i!+ %n retaliation& 1LIGP as:e t'e com!an( to sto! t'e remittance o" t'e local union;s s'are in t'e eucation "uns+ MSMI ob@ecte+ Ireenfel was t'ere"ore constraine to fle a #om!laint "or %nter!leaer wit' a Petition "or Declarator( Relie" wit' t'e Me$Arbiter 0ranc' o" t'e D7L8+ Me)6Ar-iter: 1LIGP& t'roug' its local union o,cers& s'all aminister t'e #0A+ ='e #om!an( s'all remit P10&000 mont'l( labor eucation !rogram "un to t'e 1LIGP sub@ect to t'e conition t'at it s'all be use "or its intene !ur!ose+ ='e treasurer o" MSMI s'all be aut'ori>e to collect "rom t'e 5AF union members PA0 as !enalt( "or t'eir "ailure to atten t'e general members'i! assembl(+ <owever& i" t'e MSMI 7,cers coul !resent t'e iniviual written aut'ori>ations o" t'e 5AF union members t'en t'e com!an( is oblige to euct t'e fne "rom t'e salaries o" sai union members+ Director >on a((ea?: ='e com!an( s'oul remit PA000 o" t'e P10&000 mont'l( labor eucation !rogram "un to 1LIGP an t'e ot'er PA000 to MSMI+ Meanw'ile& t'e o,cials o" 1LIGP calle a S!ecial 2ational 8-ecutive 0oar Meeting w'ere a Resolution was !asse !lacing MSMI uner trustees'i! an a!!ointing #esar #larete as aministrator& w'o wrote t'e com!an( in"orming t'e latter o" its esignation o" Al"reo Haling:ing as local union !resient an removing t'e aut'orit( o" t'e incumbent union o,cers to !revent t'em "rom re!resenting t'e em!lo(ees+ MSMI !roteste& stating t'at its union o,cers receive letters "rom t'e aministrator re*uiring t'em to e-!lain w'( t'e( s'oul not be remove "rom o,ce an e-!elle "rom union members'i!s+ <owever& be"ore MSMI coul re!l(& t'e( were alrea( e-!elle "rom t'e 1LIGP+ %n t'e termination letter& t'e( were e-!elle "or committing acts o" islo(alt( anOor acts inimical to t'e interest an violative o" t'e constitution an b($laws o" t'e "eeration an "or "ailingOre"using to oBer an e-!lanation es!ite t'e time grante+ ='e "eeration avise t'e com!an( o" t'e e-!ulsion o" t'e 50 union o,cers an emane t'eir se!aration "rom em!lo(ment !ursuant to t'e 1nion Securit( #lause in t'eir #0A+ ='erea"ter& t'e .eeration fle a 2otice o" Stri:e wit' t'e 2#M0 to com!el t'e com!an( to eBect t'e immeiate termination o" t'e e-!elle union o,cers+ 1ner suc' !ressure& t'e com!an( terminate t'e 50 union o,cers "rom em!lo(ment+ ='e e-!elle union o,cers assigne in t'e frst s'i"t were !'(sicall( broug't out o" t'e com!an( !remises b( t'e securit( guars+ Li:ewise& t'ose assigne to t'e secon s'i"t were not allowe to re!ort "or wor:+ Some members o" t'e local union !roteste/ some le"t t'eir wor: !osts an wal:e out o" t'e !remises+ ='e "eeration& on t'e ot'er 'an& wit'rew its notice o" stri:e+ MSMI t'en fle a 2otice o" Stri:e wit' t'e 2#M0 on t'e grouns o" iscrimination& inter"erence in union activities& mass ismissal o" union o,cers an s'o! stewars& t'reats& coercion an intimiation& an union busting+ %n a stri:e vote re"erenum& 10DF out o" 2105 union members vote to eclare a stri:e+ ='e 50 15 Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page ismisse union o,cers fle a !etition wit' t'e D7L8 !ra(ing "or t'e sus!ension o" t'e eBects o" t'eir termination+ DO"E Sec. Fran<in Drion: Petition ismisse+ ='e is!ute at M+ Ireenfel is !urel( an intra$union matter+ 2o mass la($oB is evient as t'e terminations 'ave been limite to t'ose allegel( leaing t'e secessionist grou! leaving MSMI$1LIGP to "orm a union uner t'e HM1+ ='erea"ter& ED union s'o! stewars were !lace uner !reventive sus!ension b( t'e com!an(+ 1nion members again stage a wal:$out an eclare a stri:e+ ='e stri:e was attene wit' violence& "orce an intimiation on bot' sies resulting to !'(sical in@uries to several em!lo(ees& bot' stri:ing an non$ stri:ing& an amage to com!an( !ro!erties+ 8m!lo(ees w'o !artici!ate in t'e stri:e an allegel( fgure in t'e violent incient were !lace uner !reventive sus!ension+ ='e com!an( also sent return$to$wor: notices to t'e 'ome aresses o" t'e stri:ing em!lo(ees/ 'owever it amitte t'at onl( 2F1 were eventuall( acce!te bac: to wor:+ ='ose w'o i not res!on were sent termination letters+ MSMI t'en fle a verife com!laint wit' t'e Arbitration 0ranc'& 2#R& D7L8 c'arging res!onents o" 1LP w'ic' consists o" union busting& illegal ismissal& illegal sus!ension& inter"erence in union activities& iscrimination& t'reats& intimiation& coercion& violence an o!!ression+ ='e lease contracts on t'e com!an(;s o,ce an "actor( e-!ire an were not renewe+ 1!on eman o" t'e owners o" t'e !remises& t'e com!an( was com!elle to vacate its o,ce an "actor(+ ='e com!an( "aile to fn a suitable !lace in Metro Manila "or relocation o" its "actor( an manu"acturing o!erations 'ence it was constraine to move sai e!artments to =acloban+ ='e com!an( accoringl( notife its em!lo(ees o" a tem!orar( s'utown in o!erations+ "a-or Ar-iter: Dismisse com!laint+ =ermination is vali in com!liance wit' t'e union securit( clause o" t'e #0A+ N"RC: A,rme+ ISSUES#$E"D: G72 Ireenfel was @ustife in ismissing !etitioner em!lo(ees u!on t'e "eeration;s eman "or t'e en"orcement o" t'e union securit( clause emboie in t'eir #0A+ NO. RATIO: Alt'oug' t'e S# 'as rule t'at 1nion Securit( #lauses emboie in t'e #0A ma( be valil( en"orce an t'at ismissals !ursuant t'ereto ma( li:ewise be vali& t'is oes not eroe t'e "unamental re*uirement o" ue !rocess+ ='e reason be'in t'e en"orcement o" union securit( clauses is t'e sanctit( an inviolabilit( o" contracts t'at cannot overrie one;s rig't to ue !rocess+ As state in #arino $. N%!#, w'ile t'e com!an(& uner Rmaintenance o" members'i!S !rovision in t'e #0A& is boun to ismiss an( em!lo(ee e-!elle b( t'e union "or islo(alt( u!on its written re*uest& t'is unerta:ing s'oul not be one 'astil( an summaril(+ ='e com!an( acts in ba "ait' in ismissing a wor:er wit'out giving 'im t'e beneft o" a 'earing+ %n t'is case& t'e com!an( i not in*uire into t'e cause o" t'e e-!ulsion an w'et'er t'e "eeration 'a su,cient grouns to eBect t'e same+ ='e com!an(;s allegation t'at !etitioners were accore ue !rocess is belie b( t'e termination letters w'ic' state t'e ismissal s'all be immeiatel( eBective+ 8ven on t'e assum!tion t'at t'e "eeration 'a vali grouns to e-!el t'e union o,cers& ue !rocess re*uires t'at t'e( be accore a se!arate 'earing b( t'e com!an(+ ='e rig't o" an em!lo(ee to be in"orme o" t'e c'arges against 'im an to reasonable o!!ortunit( to !resent 'is sie in a controvers( wit' eit'er t'e com!an( or 'is own union is not wi!e awa( b( a union securit( clause or a union s'o! clause in a collective bargaining agreement+ An em!lo(ee is entitle to be 14 Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page !rotecte not onl( "rom a com!an( w'ic' isregars 'is rig'ts but also "rom 'is own union t'e leaers'i! o" w'ic' coul (iel to t'e tem!tation o" swi"t an arbitrar( e-!ulsion "rom members'i! an mere ismissal "rom 'is @ob+ Petitioner union o,cers were @ustifabl( e-!elle "rom t'e "eeration "or committing acts o" islo(alt( w'en it Wunertoo: to isa,liate "rom t'e "eeration b( c'arging 1LIGP wit' "ailure to !rovie an( legal& eucational or organi>ational su!!ort to t'e local union an eclare autonom(& w'erein t'e( !ro'ibit t'e "eeration "rom inter"ering in an( internal an e-ternal aBairs o" t'e local union+W TMA%2 =7P%#U As state in t'e case o" >o41sche4 $s. ?%!& a local union 'as t'e rig't to isa,liate "rom its mot'er union or eclare its autonom(+ A local union& being a se!arate an voluntar( association& is "ree to serve t'e interests o" all its members incluing t'e "reeom to isa,liate or eclare its autonom( "rom t'e "eeration to w'ic' it belongs w'en circumstances warrant& in accorance wit' t'e constitutional guarantee o" "reeom o" association+ #iting t'e %ibert3 #otton Mi44s case& t'e !ur!ose o" a,liation b( a local union wit' a mot'er union or a "eeration is to increase b( collective action t'e bargaining !ower in res!ect o" t'e terms an conitions o" labor+ Ket t'e locals remaine t'e basic units o" association& "ree to serve t'eir own an t'e common interest o" all& sub@ect to t'e restraints im!ose b( t'e #0L o" t'e Association& an "ree also to renounce t'e a,liation "or mutual wel"are u!on t'e terms lai own in t'e agreement w'ic' broug't it into e-istence+ ='us& a local union& w'ic' 'as a,liate itsel" wit' a "eeration& is "ree to sever suc' a,liation an(time an suc' isa,liation cannot be consiere islo(alt(+ %n t'e absence o" s!ecifc !rovisions in t'e "eerationPs constitution !ro'ibiting isa,liation or t'e eclaration o" autonom( o" a local union& a local ma( issociate wit' its !arent union+ ='e evience on 'an oes not s'ow t'at t'ere is suc' a !rovision in 1LIGP;s constitution+ ='eir reliance u!on Article 9& Section F& o" t'e "eeration;s #0L is not rig't because t'e section& in "act& bolsters t'e !etitioner union;s claim o" its rig't to eclare autonom(? Section F+ ='e autonom( o" a local union a,liate wit' 1LIGP s'all be res!ecte inso"ar as it !ertains to its internal aBairs& e-ce!t as !rovie elsew'ere in t'is #onstitution+ %n t'is case& t'ere is no islo(alt( to s!ea: o"+ 2eit'er is t'ere an( violation o" t'e "eeration;s constitution because t'ere is not'ing in sai constitution t'at s!ecifcall( !ro'ibits isa,liation or eclaration o" autonom(+ <ence& t'ere cannot be an( vali ismissal because Art+ %%& Sec+ 4 o" t'e union securit( clause in t'e #0A limits t'e ismissal to onl( 5 grouns? 1+ .or "ailure to maintain members'i! in t'e union "or non$ !a(ment o" union ues& 2+ .or resignation an 5+ .or violation o" t'e union;s #onstitution an 0($laws+ =enera Miing Cor(oration v Co'rt o0 A((eas2 =enera Miing Cor(oration In)e(en)ent "a-or Union an) Rito Mang'-at -ebruar3 11, 200@ Ponente: Quisumbing, J. *itt3 1A Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page SUMMARY: IM# 3com!an(4 an IM#$%L1 3union4 entere into a #0A w'ic' was to e-!ire on 2ovember 50& 1661+ 7n 2ovember 26& 1661& t'e IM#$%L1 submitte a !ro!ose #0A wit' a re*uest t'at t'e counter$!ro!osal be submitte in 10 a(s+ IM# i not sen a counter$!ro!osal& claiming t'at it 'a receive letters "rom wor:ers w'o state t'e( 'a wit'rawn "rom t'e union+ %t allege t'at it "elt t'ere was no basis to negotiate wit' a union w'ic' no longer e-iste+ ='e union fle a com!laint wit' t'e 2LR# alleging 1LP+ LA ismisse t'e case+ 2LR# initiall( reverse t'e LA ecision+ %t reconsiere u!on MR o" t'e 2LR#+ #A set asie t'e 2LR# resolution an reinstate its initial ecision+ S# "oun t'at IM# was guilt( o" 1LP t'roug' its re"usal to bargain collectivel( an inter"erence wit' t'e rig't to sel"$ organi>ation+ DOCTRINE: ='e crucial *uestion o" w'et'er a !art( 'as met 'is statutor( ut( to bargain in goo "ait' t(!icall( turns on t'e "acts o" an iniviual case+ ='ere is no !er se test o" goo "ait'+ <owever& w'ere t'e em!lo(er i not even bot'er to submit an answer to t'e bargaining !ro!osals o" t'e union& t'ere is a clear evasion o" t'e ut( to bargain collectivel(+ FACTS: Ieneral Milling #or!oration 3IM#4 em!lo(e 160 wor:ers in its !lants locate in #ebu #it( an La!u$La!u #it(+ All o" t'em were members o" Ieneral Milling #or!oration %ne!enent Labor 1nion& a ul( certife bargaining agent+ A!ril 2D& 16D6? IM# an t'e union conclue a #0A w'ic' inclue t'e issue o" re!resentation eBective "or a term o" t'ree (ears+ %ts term was mae retroactive to December 1& 16DD+ ='us& it woul e-!ire on 2ovember 50& 1661+ 2ovember 26& 1661? 7ne a( be"ore e-!iration& t'e union sent IM# a !ro!ose #0A wit' a re*uest t'at t'e counter$ !ro!osal be submitte in 10 a(s+ As earl( as 7ctober 1661& 'owever& IM# receive collective an iniviual letters "rom wor:ers w'o state t'at t'e( 'a wit'rawn "rom t'eir union members'i!& on grouns o" religious a,liation an !ersonal iBerences+ o 0elieving t'at t'e union no longer 'a staning to negotiate a #0A& IM# i not sen a counter$ !ro!osal+ December 1F& 1661? IM# wrote a letter to t'e union;s o,cers& Rito Mangubat an 9ictor Lastimoso& stating t'at it "elt t'ere was no basis to negotiate wit' a union w'ic' no longer e-iste but t'at t'e management was still willing to ialogue wit' t'em on matters o" common concern an was still o!en to suggestions on 'ow t'e com!an( ma( im!rove its o!erations+ December 16& 1661? ='e o,cers wrote a letter isclaiming massive isa,liation or resignation "rom t'e union an submitte a mani"esto signe b( its members+ Canuar( 15& 1662? IM# ismisse Marcia =umbiga& a union member on t'e groun o" incom!etence+ ='e union !roteste an re*ueste IM# to submit t'e matter to t'e grievance !roceure !rovie in t'e #0A+ IM# tol t'e union to re"er to its December 1F letter+ Cul( 2& 1662? ='e union fle a com!laint wit' t'e 2LR# alleging 1LP on t'e !art o" IM# "or? o Re"usal to bargain collectivel( o %nter"erence wit' t'e rig't to sel"$organi>ation o Discrimination LA ismisse t'e case wit' t'e recommenation t'at a !etition "or certifcation election be 'el to etermine i" t'e union still 'el t'e su!!ort o" t'e wor:ers+ 2LR# set asie t'e LA;s ecision& citing Art+ 2A5$A o" R+A+ FE1A w'ic' f-e t'e terms o" a #0A+ %t orere IM# to abie b( t'e ra"t t'at t'e union !ro!ose 3w'ic' was submitte on 2ov+ 26& 16614 "or a !erio o" two (ears 1F Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page beginning December 1& 1661& t'e ate o" e-!iration o" t'e ol #0A+ o %t also !ointe out t'at u!on t'e eBectivit( o" R+A+ FE1A& t'e uration o" a #0A& inso"ar as t'e re!resentation as!ect& is A (ears& in w'ic' case o" t'e 'erein union woul be "rom December 1& 16DD to 2ovember 50& 1665+ o %t also 'el t'at t'e letters o" wit'rawal "rom t'e union t'at were submitte to IM# onl( confrme t'e latter;s e-ertion o" !ressure on its wor:ers to resign "rom t'e union+ 1!on IM#;s MR& t'e 2LR# set asie its ecision& fning IM#;s oubt as to t'e union;s status as @ustife an t'e allegation o" coercion e-erte b( IM# on t'e union;s members to resign un"oune+ 1nion fle a !etition "or certiorari wit' t'e #A+ #A initiall( ismisse "or "ailure o" t'e union to attac' t'e re*uire co!ies o" !leaings an ot'er ocuments an material !ortions o" t'e recor+ 1nion fle t'e same !etition again& attac'ing t'e necessar( ocuments+ #A grante t'e !etition an set asie t'e 2LR# resolution an reinstate t'e 2LR#;s !revious ecision+ IM# fle an MR but it was enie+ IM# fle !resent !etition "or certiorari+ ISSUES#$E"D: 1+ Di t'e #A act in grave abuse o" iscretion in fning IM# guilt( o" un"air labor !ractice "or violating t'e ut( to bargain collectivel( anOor inter"ering wit' t'e rig't o" em!lo(ees to sel"$organi>ationQ 27 2+ Di t'e #A act in grave abuse o" iscretion in im!osing u!on IM# t'e ra"t #0A !ro!ose b( t'e unionQ 27 RATIO: 7n un"air labor !ractice o ='e law manates t'at t'e re!resentation o" a #0A s'oul last "or A (ears+ ='us& it is inis!utable t'at w'en t'e union re*ueste "or a renegotiation o" t'e economic terms o" t'e #0A on 2ovember 26& 1661& it was still t'e certife collective bargaining agent o" t'e union+ ='e !ro!osal was also submitte wit'in t'e !rescribe 5$(ear !erio "rom t'e ate o" eBectivit( o" t'e #0A+ o %t was obvious t'at IM# 'a no vali reason to re"use to negotiate in goo "ait' wit' t'e union+ %n re"using to sen a counter$!ro!osal to t'e union an to bargain anew on t'e economic terms& it committe 1LP uner Art+ 24D o" t'e Labor #oe+ Art+ 24D+ 1n"air labor !ractices o" em!lo(ers+ %t s'all be unlaw"ul "or an em!lo(er to commit an( o" t'e "ollowing un"air labor !ractice? JJJ 3g4 =o violate t'e ut( to bargain collectivel( as !rescribe b( t'is #oe/ JJJ o ='e Labor #oe also eluciate on t'e meaning o" t'e !'rase Rut( to bargain collectivel(S in Art+ 2A2 as Rt'e !er"ormance o" a mutual obligation to meet an convene !rom!tl( an e-!eitiousl( in goo "ait' "or t'e !ur!ose o" negotiating an agreement+S o ='e crucial *uestion o" w'et'er a !art( 'as met 'is statutor( ut( to bargain in goo "ait' t(!icall( turns on t'e "acts o" an iniviual case+ ='ere is no !er se test o" goo "ait'+ o 1ner Art+ 2A2 as mentione above& t'ere is a mutual obligation+ ='e union live u! to t'is obligation w'en it !resente !ro!osals "or a new #0A to IM# wit'in 5 (ears "rom eBectivit( o" t'e original #0A+ <owever& IM# "aile in its ut( uner t'e same article+ G'at it i was to evise a Lims( e-cuse b( *uestioning t'e e-istence o" t'e union an t'e status o" its members'i!+ o ='e !roceure in collective bargaining !rescribe in Art+ 2A0 o" t'e #oe is manator( because o" t'e basic interest o" t'e state in ensuring inustrial !eace+ IM#;s "ailure to ma:e a timel( re!l( to t'e 1E Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page !ro!osals o" t'e union is inicative o" its utter lac: o" interest in bargaining wit' t'e union+ o G'ere t'e em!lo(er i not even bot'er to submit an answer to t'e bargaining !ro!osals o" t'e union& t'ere is a clear evasion o" t'e ut( to bargain collectivel(+ o ='e #A "oun t'at t'e letters between .ebruar( to Cune 1665 b( 15 union members signi"(ing t'eir resignation "rom t'e union clearl( inicate t'at IM# e-erte !ressure on its em!lo(ees+ ='e recors s'ow t'at IM# !resente t'ese letters to !rove t'at t'e union no longer en@o(e t'e su!!ort o" t'e wor:ers+ ='e "act t'at t'e resignations o" t'e union members occurre uring t'e !enenc( o" t'e case be"ore t'e labor arbiter s'owe IM#;s es!erate attem!ts to cast oubt on t'e legitimate status o" t'e union+ 7n t'is !oint& t'e S# agree wit' t'e #A+ 7n t'e ra"t #0A o ='e #oe !rovies in Art+ 2A5 t'at R JJJ %t s'all be t'e ut( o" bot' !arties to :ee! t'e status *uo an to continue in "ull "orce an eBect t'e terms an conition o" t'e e-isting agreement uring t'e F0$ a( !erio T!rior to its e-!iration ateU anOor until a new agreement is reac'e b( t'e !arties+S o ='e abovementione !rovision manates t'e !arties to :ee! t'e status *uo w'ile t'e( are still in t'e !rocess o" wor:ing out t'eir res!ective !ro!osal an counter !ro!osal+ ='e general rule is t'at w'en a #0A alrea( e-ists& its !rovision s'all continue to govern t'e relations'i! between t'e !arties& until a new one is agree u!on+ ='e rule necessaril( !resu!!oses t'at all ot'er t'ings are e*ual+ ='at is& t'at neit'er !art( is guilt( o" ba "ait'+ <owever& w'en one o" t'e !arties abuses t'is grace !erio b( !ur!osel( ela(ing t'e bargaining !rocess& a e!arture "rom t'e general rule is warrante+ o 1ner orinar( circumstances& it is not obligator( u!on eit'er sie o" a labor controvers( to !reci!itatel( acce!t or agree to t'e !ro!osals o" t'e ot'er+ 0ut an erring !art( s'oul not be allowe to resort wit' im!unit( to sc'emes "eigning negotiations b( going t'roug' em!t( gestures+ ='us& b( im!osing on IM# t'e !rovisions o" t'e ra"t #0A !ro!ose b( t'e union& in t'e S#;s view view& t'e interests o" e*uit( an "air !la( were !ro!erl( serve an bot' !arties regaine e*ual "ooting& w'ic' was lost w'en IM# t'warte t'e negotiations "or new economic terms o" t'e #0A+ o ='e fnings o" "act b( t'e #A& a,rming t'ose o" t'e 2LR# as to t'e reasonableness o" t'e ra"t #0A !ro!ose b( t'e union s'oul not be isturbe since t'e( are su!!orte b( substantial evience+ DIS7OSITI;E: G<8R8.7R8& t'e !etition is D%SM%SS8D an t'e assaile ecision ate Cul( 16& 2000& an t'e resolution ate 7ctober 2F& 2000& o" t'e #ourt o" A!!eals in #A$I+R+ SP 2o+ A05D5& are A..%RM8D+ #osts against !etitioner+ S7 7RD8R8D+ A"A!AN= COUNTRY C"U! v. N"RC -eb. 1@, 2008 >e4asco, Jr. Denn SUMMARY: Alabang #ountr( #lub 'a a #0A wit' t'e 1nion w'ic' contains a !rovision "or a 1nion S'o! an a Maintenance o" Members'i! S'o!+ 1ner t'e #0A& one o" t'e grouns "or Wtermination u!on union emanW is Pmalversation o" union "unsP+ A"ter it was 1D Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page iscovere t'at t'ere were some unaccounte e-!enses an isbursements& an uncollecte loans "rom t'e 1nion "uns& t'e 5 res!onents& w'o were "ormer o,cers& were e-!elle "rom t'e 1nion+ Subse*uentl(& t'e 1nion wrote a letter to t'e #lub& invo:ing t'e 1nion Securit( #lause in t'e #0A+ A"ter a con"erence an investigation& t'e 5 res!onents were terminate+ <ence& t'e( fle an illegal ismissal com!laint against t'e #lub+ LA rule t'at t'ere was no illegal ismissal+ 2LR# an #A reverse an 'el t'at t'e 5 were illegall( ismisse an were e!rive ue !rocess+ S# reverse an 'el t'at t'ere was a 9AL%D ismissal an t'at t'e 5 were accore ue !rocess+ DOCTRINE: ='ere is 12%72 S<7P w'en all new regular em!lo(ees are re*uire to @oin t'e union wit'in a certain !erio as a conition "or t'eir continue em!lo(ment+ ='ere is MA%2=82A2#8 7. M8M08RS<%P S<7P w'en em!lo(ees w'o are union members as o" t'e eBective ate o" t'e agreement& or w'o t'erea"ter become members& must maintain union members'i! as a conition "or continue em!lo(ment until t'e( are !romote or trans"erre out o" t'e bargaining unit or t'e agreement is terminate+ =ermination o" em!lo(ment b( virtue o" a union securit( clause emboie in a #0A is recogni>e an acce!te in our @urisiction+ %n terminating t'e em!lo(ment o" an em!lo(ee b( en"orcing t'e union securit( clause& t'e em!lo(er nees onl( to etermine an !rove t'at? 314 t'e union securit( clause is a!!licable/ 324 t'e union is re*uesting "or t'e en"orcement o" t'e union securit( !rovision in t'e #0A/ an 354 t'ere is su,cient evience to su!!ort t'e union;s ecision to e-!el t'e em!lo(ee "rom t'e union+ ='ese re*uisites constitute @ust cause "or terminating an em!lo(ee base on t'e #0A;s union securit( !rovision+ Petitioner? Alabang #ountr( #lub& %nc+ Res!onents? 2LR#& Alabang #ountr( #lub %ne!enent 8m!lo(ees 1nion& #'risto!'er Pi>arro& Mic'ael 0ra>a& 2olasco #astueras FACTS: Alabang #ountr( #lub& %nc+ 3#lub4 is a omestic non$!roft cor!oration+ Alabang #ountr( #lub %ne!enent 8m!lo(ees 1nion 31nion4 is t'e e-clusive bargaining agent o" t'e #lub;s ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees+ A!ril 166F? #'risto!'er& Mic'ael& an 2olasco were electe 1nion Presient& 9ice$Presient& an =reasurer& res!ectivel(+
Cune 21& 1666? t'e #lub an t'e 1nion entere into a #0A w'ic' !rovie "or a 1nion s'o! an maintenance o" members'i! s'o!+ ='e !ertinent !arts o" t'e #0A inclue in Article %% on 1nion Securit( rea& as "ollows? S8#=%72 1+ #72D%=%72 7. 8MPL7KM82=+ All regular ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees& w'o are members or subse*uentl( become members o" t'e 12%72 s'all maintain t'eir members'i! in goo staning as a conition "or t'eir continue em!lo(ment b( t'e #L10 uring t'e li"etime o" t'is Agreement or an( e-tension t'ereo"+ S8#=%72 2+ T#7MP1LS7RKU 12%72 M8M08RS<%P .7R 28G R8I1LAR RA2H$A2D$.%L8 8MPL7K88S a4 2ew regular ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees o" t'e #lub s'all @oin t'e 12%72 wit'in fve 3A4 a(s "rom t'e ate o" t'eir a!!ointment as regular em!lo(ees as a conition "or t'eir continue em!lo(ment uring t'e li"etime o" t'is Agreement& ot'erwise& t'eir "ailure to o so s'all be a groun "or ismissal "rom t'e #L10 u!on eman b( t'e 12%72+ b4 ='e #lub agrees to "urnis' t'e 12%72 t'e names o" all new !robationar( an regular em!lo(ees covere b( t'is Agreement not later t'an t'ree 354 a(s "rom t'e ate o" regular a!!ointment s'owing t'e !ositions an ates o" 'iring+ - - - - S8#=%72 4+ =8RM%2A=%72 1P72 12%72 D8MA2D+ 1!on written eman o" t'e 12%72 an a"ter observing ue !rocess& t'e #lub s'all ismiss a regular ran:$an$fle em!lo(ee on an( o" t'e "ollowing grouns? 3a4 .ailure to @oin t'e 12%72 wit'in fve 3A4 a(s "rom t'e time o" regulari>ation/ 3b4 Resignation "rom t'e 12%72& e-ce!t wit'in t'e !erio allowe b( law/ 3c4 #onviction o" a crime involving moral tur!itue/ 34 2on$!a(ment o" 12%72 ues& "ees& an assessments/ 3e4 Coining anot'er 12%72 e-ce!t wit'in t'e !erio allowe b( law/ 3"4 Maversation o0 'nion 0'n)s/ 3g4 Activel( cam!aigning to iscourage members'i! in t'e 12%72/ an 3'4 %nLicting 'arm or in@ur( to an( member or o,cer o" t'e 12%72+
Cul( 2001? an election was 'el an a new set o" o,cers was electe+ Soon t'erea"ter& t'e new o,cers conucte an auit o" t'e 1nion "uns+ ='e( iscovere some irregularl( recore entries& unaccounte 16 Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page e-!enses an isbursements& an uncollecte loans "rom t'e 1nion "uns+ ='e 1nion notife #'risto!'er& Mic'ael an 2olasco o" t'e auit results an as:e t'em to e-!lain t'e iscre!ancies in writing+ 7ct 2001? in a meeting calle b( t'e 1nion& #'risto!'er& Mic'ael an 2olasco e-!laine t'eir sie+ ='e( all enie an( wrongoing an agree t'at t'eir un!ai loans be eucte "rom t'eir salaries until "ull( !ai+ $ Mic'ael an #'risto!'er blame 2olasco 3since 'e was t'e 1nion =reasurer4 an as:e t'at t'e investigation be aresse to 2olasco+ o 1nion e-!enses w'ic' were wit'out recei!ts? t'ese were legitimate e-!enses "or w'ic' recei!ts were not issue& e+g+ trans!ortation "ares& "oo !urc'ases "rom small eateries& an "oo an trans!ortation allowances given to 1nion members wit' !ening com!laints+ ='oug' t'ere were no recei!ts "or t'ese e-!enses& t'ese were su!!orte b( vouc'ers an itemi>e as e-!enses+ o 1n!ai an unli*uiate cas' avances amounting to almost P'! 20&000? t'ese were not actual cas' avances but !a(ments to a certain Ricaro Rica"rente w'o 'a loane P'! 200&000 to t'e 1nion+
Des!ite t'eir e-!lanations& res!onents were e-!elle "rom t'e 1nion& an were "urnis'e iniviual letters o" e-!ulsion "or malversation o" 1nion "uns+ Attac'e to t'e letters were co!ies o" t'e Pana6agan ng mga ,2is3a4es ng 7n3on signe b( 5E out o" F5 1nion members an o,cers& an a 0oar o" Directors; Resolution e-!elling t'em "rom t'e 1nion+
='roug' a letter& t'e 1nion& invo:ing t'e Securit( #lause o" t'e #0A& emane t'at t'e #lub ismiss res!onents in view o" t'eir e-!ulsion "rom t'e 1nion+ ='e #lub re*uire t'e res!onents to s'ow cause in writing wit'in 4D 'ours "rom notice w'( t'e( s'oul not be ismisse+ #'risto!'er& Mic'ael an 2olasco submitte t'eir res!ective written e-!lanations+ Last wee: o" 7ct 2001? t'e #lub;s general manager calle res!onents "or an in"ormal con"erence in*uiring about t'e c'arges against t'em+ Res!onents gave t'eir e-!lanation an asserte t'at t'e 1nion "uns allegel( malverse b( t'em were even over t'e total amount collecte uring t'eir tenure as 1nion o,cers 5 + ='e( claime t'e c'arges are baseless+ ='e IM announce 'e woul conuct a "ormal investigation+ 5 P'P 120&000 "or 0ra>a& P'P AE&000 "or #astueras& an P'P 10&D40 "or Pi>arro& as against t'e total collection "rom A!ril 166F to December 2001 o" onl( P'P 102&000 ='e #lub conclue t'at sai res!onents "aile to re"ute t'e valiit( o" t'eir e-!ulsion "rom t'e 1nion+ ='us& it was constraine to terminate t'e em!lo(ment o" res!onents+ A a( a"ter -mas& res!onents receive t'eir notices o" termination+ #'risto!'er& Mic'ael an 2olasco fle an illegal ismissal com!laint fle wit' t'e 2LR#+ "A DECISION: rule in "avor o" t'e #lub& an "oun t'at t'ere was @ustifable cause in terminating res!onents+ #om!laint was ismisse "or lac: o" merit+ N"RC DECISION: reverse LA an 'el t'at t'e res!onents were illegall( ismisse an orere t'e #lub to reinstate #'risto!'er& Mic'ael an 2olasco+ $ ='ere was no @ustifable cause "or t'e termination o" res!onents+ ='e commissioners relie 'eavil( on Section 2& Rule J9%%% o" t'e Rules %m!lementing 0oo: 9 o" t'e Labor #oe 4 + $ Res!onents; e-!ulsion "rom t'e 1nion was illegal since t'e D7L8 'a not (et mae an( efnitive ruling on t'eir liabilit( regaring t'e aministration o" t'e 1nion;s "uns+
CA DECISION: u!'el t'e 2LR# Ruling+ ='e 5 res!onents were e!rive o" ue !rocess+ %t "oun t'at res!onents were not given t'e o!!ortunit( to be 'ear in a se!arate 'earing as re*uire b( Sec+ 23b4& Rule JJ%%%& 0oo: 9 o" t'e 7mnibus Rules %m!lementing t'e L#+ ='e ismissal o" t'e res!onents was contrar( to t'e octrine lai own in Ma4a3ang &amahan& w'ere t'e S# rule t'at even on t'e assum!tion t'at t'e union 'a vali grouns to e-!el t'e local union o,cers& ue !rocess re*uires t'at t'e union o,cers be accore a se!arate 'earing b( t'e em!lo(er com!an(+ ISSUES: 1+ G72 t'e 5 res!onents were illegall( ismisse $ 27X 2+ G72 t'e res!onents were aBore ue !rocess in accorance wit' t'e stanars !rovie "or b( t'e Labor #oe an its %m!lementing Rules 4 S8#+ 2+ Actions arising "rom Article 241 o" t'e #oe+ An( action arising "rom t'e aministration or accounting o" union "uns s'all be fle an is!ose o" as an intra$union is!ute in accorance wit' Rule J%9 o" t'is 0oo:+ %n case o" violation& t'e Regional or 0ureau Director s'all orer t'e res!onsible o,cer to rener an accounting o" "uns be"ore t'e general members'i! an ma(& w'ere circumstances warrant& mete t'e a!!ro!riate !enalt( to t'e erring o,cerOs& incluing sus!ension or e-!ulsion "rom t'e union+ 20 Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page
AR=UMENTS: ='e #lub? t'e ismissal o" t'e 5 res!onents was in accorance wit' t'e 1nion securit( !rovisions in t'eir #0A+ ='e res!onents were aBore ue !rocess& since t'e #lub conucte an investigation se!arate an ine!enent "rom t'at conucte b( t'e 1nion+
Res!onents? t'e #lub "aile to conuct a se!arate 'earing as !rescribe b( Sec+ 23b4& Rule JJ%%%& 0oo: 9 o" t'e im!lementing rules o" t'e L#+ RATIO: 1+ ='e 5 res!onents were 27= illegall( ismisse+ $ 1ner t'e Labor #oe& an em!lo(ee ma( be valil( terminate on t'e "ollowing grouns? 314 @ust causes uner Art+ 2D2/ 324 aut'ori>e causes uner Art+ 2D5/ 354 termination ue to isease uner Art+ 2D4/ an 344 termination b( t'e em!lo(ee or resignation uner Art+ 2DA+ $ Anot'er cause "or termination is )ismissa 0rom em(oyment )'e to t&e en0orcement o0 t&e 'nion sec'rity ca'se in t&e C!A+ $ #AS8 A= 0AR? Art+ %% o" t'e #0A on 1nion securit( contains t'e !rovisions on t'e 1nion s'o! an maintenance o" members'i! s'o!+ o ='ere is 12%72 S<7P w'en all new regular em!lo(ees are re*uire to @oin t'e union wit'in a certain !erio as a conition "or t'eir continue em!lo(ment+ o ='ere is MA%2=82A2#8 7. M8M08RS<%P S<7P w'en em!lo(ees w'o are union members as o" t'e eBective ate o" t'e agreement& or w'o t'erea"ter become members& must maintain union members'i! as a conition "or continue em!lo(ment until t'e( are !romote or trans"erre out o" t'e bargaining unit or t'e agreement is terminate+ $ /ermination o5 em24o3ment b3 $irtue o5 a union securit3 c4ause embodied in a #?A is recognied and acce2ted in our Aurisdiction. ='is !ractice strengt'ens t'e union an !revents isunit( in t'e bargaining unit wit'in t'e uration o" t'e #0A+ 0( !reventing member isa,liation wit' t'e t'reat o" e-!ulsion "rom t'e union an t'e conse*uent termination o" em!lo(ment& t'e aut'ori>e bargaining re!resentative gains more numbers an strengt'ens its !osition as against ot'er unions w'ic' ma( want to claim ma@orit( re!resentation+ $ 8n terminating the em24o3ment o5 an em24o3ee b3 en5orcing the union securit3 c4ause, the em24o3er needs on43 to determine and 2ro$e that: ;1< the union securit3 c4ause is a224icab4eB ;2< the union is reCuesting 5or the en5orcement o5 the union securit3 2ro$ision in the #?AB and ;'< there is su=cient e$idence to su22ort the unionDs decision to eE2e4 the em24o3ee 5rom the union. /hese reCuisites constitute Aust cause 5or terminating an em24o3ee based on the #?ADs union securit3 2ro$ision. $ #AS8 A= 0AR? ='e language o" Art+ %% o" t'e #0A t'at t'e 1nion members must maintain t'eir members'i! in goo staning as a conition sine Cua non "or t'eir continue em!lo(ment wit' t'e #lub is une*uivocal+ %t is also clear t'at u!on eman b( t'e 1nion an a"ter ue !rocess& t'e #lub s'all terminate t'e em!lo(ment o" a regular ran:$an$fle em!lo(ee w'o ma( be "oun liable "or a number o" oBenses& one o" w'ic' is malversation o" 1nion "uns+ CONC"USION: ='ere is su,cient cause "or t'e t'ree res!onents; termination "rom em!lo(ment++ On the %"e 0rocess 1e2"ire/ent Res!onents? t'e #lub violate t'eir rig'ts to ue !rocess as enunciate in Ma4a3ang &amahan& w'en it "aile to conuct an ine!enent an se!arate 'earing be"ore t'e( were ismisse "rom service+ $ Ma4a3ang &amahan? Alt'oug' Tt'e S#U 'as rule t'at union securit( clauses emboie in t'e #0A ma( be valil( en"orce an t'at ismissals !ursuant t'ereto ma( li:ewise be vali& t'is oes not eroe t'e "unamental re*uirements o" ue !rocess+ ='e reason be'in t'e en"orcement o" union securit( clauses w'ic' is t'e sanctit( an inviolabilit( o" contracts cannot overrie one;s rig't to ue !rocess+ $ WG'ile t'e com!an(& uner a maintenance o" members'i! !rovision o" t'e #0A& is boun to ismiss an( em!lo(ee e-!elle b( t'e union "or islo(alt( u!on its written re*uest& t'is unerta:ing s'oul not be one 'astil( an summaril(+ ='e com!an( acts in ba "ait' in ismissing a wor:er wit'out giving 'im t'e beneft o" a 'earing+W $ WT=U'e !ower to ismiss is a normal !rerogative o" t'e em!lo(er/ 'owever& t'is !ower 'as a limitation+ ='e em!lo(er is boun to e-ercise caution in terminating t'e services o" t'e em!lo(ees 21 Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page es!eciall( so w'en it is mae u!on t'e re*uest o" a labor union !ursuant to t'e #0A+ Dismissals must not be arbitrar( an ca!ricious+ Due !rocess must be observe in ismissing em!lo(ees because t'e ismissal aBects not onl( t'eir !ositions but also t'eir means o" liveli'oo+ 8m!lo(ers s'oul res!ect an !rotect t'e rig'ts o" t'eir em!lo(ees& w'ic' inclue t'e rig't to labor+W SC: T&e Mala3an4 Sa/ahan r'ing &as no a((ication to t&is case. $ %n Ma4a3ang &amahan& t'e union members were e-!elle "rom t'e union an were immeiatel( ismisse "rom t'e com!an( wit'out an( semblance o" ue !rocess+ 0ot' t'e union an t'e com!an( i not conuct aministrative 'earings to give t'e em!lo(ees a c'ance to e-!lain t'emselves+ $ #AS8 A= 0AR? t'e #lub 'as substantiall( com!lie wit' ue !rocess+ TAs s'own b( t'e letter in"orming res!onent o" t'eir terminationU ='e t'ree res!onents were notife t'at t'eir ismissal was being re*ueste b( t'e 1nion& an t'eir e-!lanations were 'ear+ ='en& t'e #lub& t'roug' its Presient& con"erre wit' sai res!onents+ ='e 5 were ismisse onl( a"ter t'e #lub reviewe an consiere t'e ocuments submitte b( t'e 1nion vis$Y$vis t'e written e-!lanations submitte b( sai res!onents+ $ CONC"USION: 1ner t'ese circumstances& we fn t'at t'e #lub 'a aBore t'e t'ree res!onents a reasonable o!!ortunit( to be 'ear an e"en t'emselves+ On the a--licabilit3 of A4abon Agabon? w'en t'ere is @ust cause "or t'e ismissal o" an em!lo(ee& t'e lac: o" statutor( ue !rocess s'oul not nulli"( t'e ismissal& or rener it illegal or ineBectual& an t'e em!lo(er s'oul inemni"( t'e em!lo(ee "or t'e violation o" 'is statutor( rig'ts+ S#? Agabon is not a!!licable to t'is case since t'e t'ree res!onents were valil( ismisse an were actuall( aBore ue !rocess+ On the liabilit3 of the Cl"b S#? ='e issue t'at since t'ere was no ba "ait' on t'e !art o" t'e #lub& t'e 1nion is solel( liable "or t'e termination "rom em!lo(ment o" t'e 5 res!onents& 'as been moote b( t'e fning t'at t'eir ismissal is vali+ RU"IN=: #A an 2LR# Decision reverse an set asie+ LA Decision reinstate+ 2o illegal ismissal+ ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ NATIONA" UNION OF %OR@ERS IN $OTE"S CASE 22 Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page $oy C&i) Cat&oic Sc&oo v. Sto. Tomas an) $CCS6TE"U6 7I="AS Ju43 2', 201' Ponente: Pera4ta, J. Naomi Q. SUMMARY: <##S o!!ose t'e union;s !etition "or certifcation election alleging t'at t'ere was commingling o" ran:$an$fle an su!ervisor( em!lo(ees+ S# 'el t'at t'is oes not aBect t'e legitimac( o" a labor organi>ation+ DOCTRINE: ='e allege inclusion o" su!ervisor( em!lo(ees in a labor organi>ation see:ing to re!resent t'e bargaining unit o" ran:$ an$fle em!lo(ees oes not ivest it o" its status as a legitimate labor organi>ation+ FACTS: 7n Ma( 51& 2002& a !etition "or certifcation election was fle b( !rivate res!onent Pinag$%sang =inig at La:as ng Ana:!awis <ol( #'il #at'olic Sc'ool =eac'ers an 8m!lo(ees Labor 1nion 3<##S$=8L1$P%ILAS4+ Petitioner <##S o!!ose& claiming t'at !rivate res!onent is an illegitimate labor organi>ation lac:ing in !ersonalit( to fle a !etition "or certifcation election& an an ina!!ro!riate bargaining unit "or want o" communit( or mutualit( o" interest+ 7ut o" t'e em!lo(ees w'o signe to su!!ort t'e !etition& 14 alrea( resigne an F signe twice+ Members o" !rivate res!onent are not onl( a mi-ture o" managerial& su!ervisor(& an ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees 5 are vice$!rinci!als& 1 is a e!artment 'eaOsu!ervisor& an 11 are coorinators but also a combination o" teac'ing an non$teac'ing !ersonnel+ Me)6Ar-iter Da.'igan enie t'e !etition "or certifcation election on t'e groun t'at t'e unit w'ic' !rivate res!onent soug't to re!resent is ina!!ro!riate+ ='e em!lo(ees o" !etitioner& ma( *uite easil( be categori>e into 324 general classes? one& t'e teac'ing staB/ an two& t'e non$teac'ing$staB+ %t woul seem obvious t'at t'e teac'ing staB woul fn ver( little in common wit' t'e non$teac'ing staB as regars res!onsibilities an "unction& wor:ing conitions& com!ensation rates& social li"e an interests& s:ills an intellectual !ursuits& etc+ ='ese ictate t'e se!aration o" t'ese two categories o" em!lo(ees "or !ur!oses o" collective bargaining+ Private res!onent a!!eale be"ore t'e S7L8+ SO"E reverse an irecte t'e conuct o" two se!arate certifcation elections "or t'e teac'ing an t'e non$teac'ing !ersonnel+ Alt'oug' t'ere are iBerences in t'e nature o" wor:& 'ours an conitions o" wor: an salar( etermination between t'e teac'ing an non$teac'ing !ersonnel o" !etitioner& suc' iBerences are not substantial enoug' to warrant t'e ismissal o" t'e !etition+ Petitioner fle a MR+ Denie+ Petitioner fle be"ore t'e #A a Petition "or #ertiorari wit' Pra(er "or =R7 an Preliminar( %n@unction+ CA eventuall( ismisse t'e !etition+ ='ere is no im!ro!er commingling o" members in t'e !rivate res!onent union as to !reclue its !etition "or certifcation o" 3sic4 election+ ='e vice$!rinci!als& e!artment 'ea& an coorinators are neit'er su!ervisor( nor managerial em!lo(ees+ ='eir 25 Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page "unctions are not confne wit' !olic($etermining suc' as 'iring& fring& an isci!lining o" em!lo(ees& salaries& teac'ingOwor:ing 'ours& ot'er monetar( an non$ monetar( benefts& an ot'er terms an conitions o" em!lo(ment+ G'ile t'e( ma( "ormulate !olicies or guielines& nonet'eless& suc' is merel( recommenator( in nature& an still sub@ect to review an evaluation b( t'e 'ig'er e-ecutives& i+e+& t'e !rinci!als or e-ecutive o,cers o" t'e !etitioner+ #A enie MR+ <ence& t'is !etition+ ISSUE#$E"D: %ON a (etition 0or certi1cation eection is )ismissi-e on t&e gro'n) t&at t&e a-or organi5ationAs mem-ers&i( aege)y consists o0 s'(ervisory an) ran<6 an)61e em(oyees / NO T&e aege) inc'sion o0 s'(ervisory em(oyees in a a-or organi5ation see<ing to re(resent t&e -argaining 'nit o0 ran<6an)61e em(oyees )oes not )ivest it o0 its stat's as a egitimate a-or organi5ation. !rie0 $istory: :BCD: RA DEA& Section 5 frst !ro'ibite mingling o" ran:$an$fle an su!ervisor( em!lo(ees/ RA DEA 'owever "aile to mention 'ow t'e *uestione mingling can aBect t'e legitimac( o" t'e labor organi>ation+ %n "o(e5 v+ #'ronicle Publication 8m!lo(ees Association& #ourt 'el t'at t'e invaliit( o" members'i! o" one o" t'e organi>ers oes not ma:e t'e union illegal& w'ere t'e re*uirements o" t'e law "or t'e organi>ation t'ereo" are& nevert'eless& satisfe an met+ :BEF: Labor #oe was enacte+ Di not re!rouce Sec+ 5& RA DEA+ :BGB: RA FE1A restore t'e !ro'ibition against t'e *uestione mingling in one labor organi>ation& but omitte s!eci"(ing t'e e-act eBect an( violation o" t'e !ro'ibition woul bring about on t'e legitimac( o" a labor organi>ation+ RA FE1A;s %RR su!!lie t'e efcienc(+ An( *uestione mingling will !revent an ot'erwise legitimate an ul( registere labor organi>ation "rom e-ercising its rig't to fle a !etition "or certifcation election+ Toyota case w'en t'e issue o" t'e eBect o" mingling was broug't to t'e "ore& t'e #ourt& citing Article 24A o" t'e Labor #oe& as amene b( RA FE1A& 'el? Ra labor organi>ation com!ose o" bot' ran:$an$fle an su!ervisor( em!lo(ees is no labor organi>ation at all+ %t cannot& "or an( guise or !ur!ose& be a legitimate labor organi>ation+S D'no( case 'ere& t'e labor organi>ation t'at fle a !etition "or certifcation election was one "or su!ervisor( em!lo(ees& but t'e members'i! inclue ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees+ ='e #ourt reiterate t'at suc' labor organi>ation 'a no legal rig't to fle a certifcation election to re!resent a bargaining unit com!ose o" su!ervisors "or as long as it counte ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees among its members+ :BBE: t'e 16D6 Amene 7mnibus Rules was "urt'er amene b( De!artment 7rer 2o+ 6& series o" 166E+ Remove t'e re*uirement t'at t'e !etition "or certifcation election s'all inicate t'at t'e bargaining unit o" ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees 'as not been mingle wit' su!ervisor( em!lo(ees+ 2ow onl( re*uires a !lain escri!tion o" t'e bargaining unit+ Tagaytay $ig&an)s case: ='is time& given t'e altere legal milieu& t'e #ourt abanone t'e view in =o(ota an Dunlo! an reverte to its !ronouncement in Lo!e>+ #ourt 'el t'at an( mingling between su!ervisor( an ran:$an$ 24 Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page fle em!lo(ees in its members'i! cannot aBect its legitimac( "or t'at is not among t'e grouns "or cancellation o" its registration& unless suc' mingling was broug't about b( misre!resentation& "alse statement or "rau uner Article 256 o" t'e Labor #oe+ =o(ota an Dunlo! no longer 'ol swa( in t'e !resent altere state o" t'e law an t'e rules+ D+7+ 2o+ 6 is a!!licable in t'e !etition "or certifcation election o" !rivate res!onent as it was fle on Ma( 51& 2002+ 7etitioner cannot coateray attac< t&e egitimacy o0 (rivate res(on)ent -y (raying 0or t&e )ismissa o0 t&e (etition 0or certi1cation eection. 8-ce!t w'en it is re*ueste to bargain collectivel(& an em!lo(er is a mere b(staner to an( !etition "or certifcation election/ suc' !roceeing is non$aversarial an merel( investigative& "or t'e !ur!ose t'ereo" is to etermine w'ic' organi>ation will re!resent t'e em!lo(ees in t'eir collective bargaining wit' t'e em!lo(er+ ='e c'oice o" t'eir re!resentative is t'e e-clusive concern o" t'e em!lo(ees/ t'e em!lo(er cannot 'ave an( !artisan interest t'erein/ it cannot inter"ere wit'& muc' less o!!ose& t'e !rocess b( fling a motion to ismiss or an a!!eal "rom it/ not even a mere allegation t'at some em!lo(ees !artici!ating in a !etition "or certifcation election are actuall( managerial em!lo(ees will len an em!lo(er legal !ersonalit( to bloc: t'e certifcation election+ ='e em!lo(erPs onl( rig't in t'e !roceeing is to be notife or in"orme t'ereo"+ ='e amenments to t'e Labor #oe an its im!lementing rules 'ave buttresse t'at !olic( even more+ T&e )etermination o0 w&et&er 'nion mem-ers&i( com(rises manageria an)#or s'(ervisory em(oyees is a 0act'a iss'e t&at is -est e0t 0or reso'tion in t&e inc'sion6e4c'sion (rocee)ings& w'ic' 'as not (et 'a!!ene in t'is case so still !remature to !ass u!on+ %n case o" allege inclusion o" is*ualife em!lo(ees in a union& t'e !ro!er !roceure "or an em!lo(er li:e !etitioner is to irectl( fle a !etition "or cancellation o" t'e union;s certifcate o" registration ue to misre!resentation& "alse statement or "rau uner t'e circumstances enumerate in Article 256 o" t'e Labor #oe& as amene+ Private res!onent& 'aving been valil( issue a certifcate o" registration& s'oul be consiere as 'aving ac*uire @uriical !ersonalit(& w'ic' ma( not be attac:e collaterall(+ 7etitioner a((ears to &ave con0'se) t&e conce(ts o0 mem-ers&i( in a -argaining 'nit an) mem-ers&i( in a 'nion. Petitioner believe t'at t'e !etitioning union coul not amit acaemic em!lo(ees o" t'e universit( to its members'i!& base on t'e 1+P+ vs+ #alle@a case+ 0ut suc' was not t'e intention o" t'e Su!reme #ourt+ A bargaining unit is a grou! o" em!lo(ees soug't to be re!resente b( a !etitioning union+ Suc' em!lo(ees nee not be members o" a union see:ing t'e conuct o" a certifcation election+ A union certife as an e-clusive bargaining agent re!resents not onl( its members but also ot'er em!lo(ees w'o are not union members+ ='e Su!reme #ourt orere t'e Wnon$acaemic ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees o" 1+P+ to constitute a bargaining unit to t'e e-clusion o" t'e acaemic em!lo(ees o" t'e institutionW& but i not orer t'em to organi>e a se!arate labor organi>ation+ %n t'e same manner& t'e teac'ing an non$teac'ing !ersonnel o" !etitioner sc'ool must "orm se!arate bargaining units+ ='us& t'e orer "or t'e conuct o" two se!arate certifcation elections& one involving teac'ing !ersonnel an t'e ot'er involving non$ teac'ing !ersonnel+ 2A Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page Private res!onent union soug't t'e conuct o" a certifcation election among all t'e ran:$an$fle !ersonnel o" !etitioner sc'ool+ Since t'e ecision o" t'e Su!reme #ourt in t'e 1+P+ case !ro'ibits us "rom commingling teac'ing an non$teac'ing !ersonnel in one bargaining unit& t'e( 'ave to be se!arate into two se!arate bargaining units wit' two se!arate certifcation elections to etermine w'et'er t'e em!lo(ees in t'e res!ective bargaining units esire to be re!resente b( !rivate res!onent+ %n t'e 1+P+ case& onl( one certifcation election among t'e non$ acaemic !ersonnel was orere& because 72AP1P soug't to re!resent t'at bargaining unit onl(+ 2o !etition "or certifcation election among t'e acaemic !ersonnel was institute b( All 1+P+ Gor:ers 1nion in t'e sai case/ t'us& no certifcation election !ertaining to its intene bargaining unit was orere b( t'e #ourt+ %nee& t'e !ur!ose o" a certifcation election is !recisel( to ascertain t'e ma@orit( o" t'e em!lo(ees; c'oice o" an a!!ro!riate bargaining unit to be or not to be re!resente b( a labor organi>ation an& i" in t'e a,rmative case& b( w'ic' one+ !eyca Cor(oration v. CaeHa6 Ferrer 29 No$ember 1988 Justice Paras S'mmary: A"U see<s )irect certi1cation as t&e soe an) e4c'sive -argaining agent o0 a ran<6an)61e em(oyees o0 t&e ivestoc< an) agro )ivision o0 !E"YCA Cor(oration2 engage) in (iggery2 (o'try raising an) t&e (anting o0 agric't'ra cro(s. !'t !E"YCA conten)s t&at t&e -argaining 'nit m'st inc')e a t&e wor<ers in its integrate) -'siness concerns ranging 0rom (iggery2 (o'try2 to s'(ermarts an) cinemas so as not to s(it an ot&erwise singe -argaining 'nit into 0ragmente) -argaining 'nits. Doctrine: I'ris(r')ence (rovi)es t&e constit'ency an) t&e test o0 a (ro(er# a((ro(riate coective -argaining 'nit. Among t&e 0actors consi)ere) in Democratic "a-or v. Ce-' Steve)oring are : :? wi o0 em(oyees9 *? a3nity an) 'nity o0 em(oyees interest2 s'c& as s'-stantia simiarity o0 wor< an) )'ties or simiarity o0 com(ensation an) wor<ing con)itions9 D? (rior coective -argaining &istory9 F? em(oyment stat's2 s'c& as tem(orary2 seasona an) (ro-ationary em(oyees T&e test o0 (ro(er gro'(ing o0 em(oyees is t&e COMMUNITY AND MUTUA"ITY OF INTEREST# SU!STANTIA"6 MUTUA"6INTEREST TEST >see 0actor *?. In any event2 w&et&er im(ortance is 0oc'se) on t&e em(oyment stat's or t&e m't'aity o0 interest o0 t&e em(oyees concerne) Jt&e -asic test o0 an asserte) -argaining 'nitKs acce(ta-iity is w&et&er or not it is 0'n)amentay t&e com-ination w&ic& wi -est ass're to a em(oyees t&e e4ercise o0 t&eir coective -argaining rig&ts.L 7ETITIONER: !E"YCA Cor(oration RES7ONDENT: Associate) "a-or Union >A"U? / TUC79 FACTS: 1+ Res!onent Associate Labor 1nion 3AL14 fle a !etition "or irect certifcation as t'e sole an e-clusive bargaining agent o" ALL t'e ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees o" 08LK#A #or!oration 3Livestoc: an Agro$ Division4& or in case o" oubt o" t'e union;s ma@orit( re!resentation& "or t'e 2F Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page issuance o" an orer aut'ori>ing t'e 'oling o" a certifcate election+ 2+ 3AL1;S ARI1M82=S4 AL1 claims t'at a4 t'ere is no #0A between 08LK#A an an( ot'er e-isting legitimate labor union/ b4 no certifcation election was 'el wit'in t'e 12 mont's !rior to t'e fling o" t'e !etition/ c4 more t'an a ma@orit( o" 08LK#A;s ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees in t'e !ro!ose bargaining unit or 1D5 as o" t'e ate o" t'e fling& 'ave signe members'i! wit' AL1+ 5+ 308LK#A;S ARI1M82=S4 08LK#A& on t'e ot'er 'an& claims t'e B? a4 ue to t'e nature o" its business& ver( "ew o" its em!lo(ees are !ermanent& t'e overw'elming ma@orit( are seasonal an causal an regular em!lo(ees/ b4 t'at o" t'e toal 15D ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees w'o aut'ori>e an su!!orte t'e fling o" t'e !etition& 14$no longer wor:ing/ 4$resigne/ F$wit'rew t'eir members'i!/ A$valil( retrenc'e/ 100$abanone t'eir wor:/ c4 t'e statutor( re*uirement "or 'oling a certifcation election 'as not been com!lie wit' b( t'e union MOST RE"E;ANT AR=UMENT#S OF !E"YCA against A"U: T&e -argaining 'nit m'st inc')e a t&e wor<ers in its integrate) -'siness concerns ranging 0rom (iggery2 (o'try2 to s'(ermarts an) cinemas so as not s(it a singe -argaining 'nit into 0ragmente) -argaining 'nit. RU"IN= OF T$E R#TC AND CA: Labor Arbiter? Irante t'e certifcation election+ 0ureau o" labor Relations? Irante t'e certifcation election+ Denie 08LK#A;s MR+ ISSUE#S: 1+ TR8L89A2=U Gas t'e !ro!ose bargaining unit 3AL1$=1#P4 an a!!ro!riate bargaining unitQK8S+ 2+ Gas t'e statutor( re*uirement o" 50) 3now 20)4 o" t'e em!lo(ees in t'e !ro!ose bargaining unit& as:ing "or a certifcation election& com!lie wit'Q K8S+ $E"D: 1+ K8S+ 2+K8S+ RATIO: !ss"e # %+ ='e Labor #oe oes not s!ecifcall( efne w'at constitutes an a!!ro!riate bargaining unit+ ='e #ourt cite Rot'enberg Ra !ro!er bargaining unit ma(be sai to be a grou! o" em!lo(ees o" a given em!lo(er& com!rise o" all or less t'an all o" t'e entire bo( o" em!lo(ees& w'ic' t'e collective interests o" all t'e em!lo(ees& consistent wit' e*uit( to t'e em!lo(er& inicate to be best suite to serve reci!rocal rig'ts an uties o" t'e !arties uner t'e collective bargaining !rovisions o" t'e law 3Rot'enberg in Labor Relations& !+ 4D24+S %%+ Curis!ruence !rovies t'e constituenc( an t'e test o" a !ro!er collective bargaining unit+ A+ .actors consiere in Democratic Labor v+ #ebu Steveoring? W314 will o" em!lo(ees 3Ilove Doctrine4/ 324 a,nit( an unit( o" em!lo(eePs interest& suc' as substantial similarit( o" wor: an uties or similarit( o" com!ensation an wor:ing conitions/ 354 !rior collective bargaining 'istor(/ an 344 em!lo(ment status& suc' as tem!orar(& seasonal an !robationar( em!lo(eesW 0+ %n Democratic Labor v+ #ebu Steveoring& t'e #ourt em!'asi>e t'e im!ortance o" t'e 0o'rt& 0actor: em(oyment stat's2 suc' as tem!orar(& seasonal an !robationar( 2E Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page #+ ='e test o" !ro!er grou!ing o" em!lo(ees w'en it comes to bargaining unit is t'e #7MM12%=K A2D M1=1AL%=K 7. %2=8R8S=+ %n Al'ambra v+ Al'ambra 8m!lo(ees& t'e #ourt a!!lie t'e substantial$mutual$ interest testO communit( an mutualit( o" interest test w'en it orere t'e "ormation o" a se!arate a!!ro!riate collective bargaining unit because o" t'e lac: o" mutualit( o" interest among iBerent grou!s? Rt'e em!lo(ees in t'e aministrative& sales an is!ensar( e!artments !er"orm wor: w'ic' 'as not'ing to o wit' !rouction an maintenance& unli:e t'ose in t'e raw lea"& cigar& cigarette& !ac:ing an engineering an garage e!artmentsMS %n PLASL1 v+ #%R& w'ic' reiterate t'e rulings in Democratic Labor an Al'ambra& it was 'el t'at t'e "actors to be consiere are? 14 em!lo(ment status an 24 unit( o" em!lo(ees; interest suc' as substantial similarit( o" wor: an uties+ ='ere is a substantial iBerence between t'e wor: !er"orme b( musicians an t'at o" ot'er !ersons w'o !artici!ate in t'e !rouction o" a flm w'ic' su,ce to s'ow t'at t'e( constitute a !ro!er bargaining unit+ 3L92 Pictures& %nc+ v+ P'ili!!ine Musicians Iuil& 1 S#RA 152 T16F1U4+ D+ %n an( event& w'et'er im!ortance is "ocuse on t'e em!lo(ment status or t'e mutualit( o" interest o" t'e em!lo(ees concerne Wt&e -asic test o0 an asserte) -argaining 'nitKs acce(ta-iity is w&et&er or not it is 0'n)amentay t&e com-ination w&ic& wi -est ass're to a em(oyees t&e e4ercise o0 t&eir coective -argaining rig&ts 3Democratic Labor Association v+ #ebu Steveoring #o+ %nc+ su2ra4 %%%+ %n t'e case at bar& t'e em!lo(ees o" t'e livestoc: an agro ivision o" 08LK#A !er"orm wor: entirel( iBerent "rom t'ose !er"orme b( em!lo(ees in t'e su!ermarts an cinema+ Among ot'ers& t'e note iBerences are? t'eir wor:ing conitions& 'ours o" wor:& rates o" !a(& incluing t'e categories o" t'eir !ositions an em!lo(ment status+ Due to t'e nature o" t'e business in w'ic' its livestoc:$agro ivision is engage ver( "ew o" its em!lo(ees in t'e ivision are !ermanent& t'e overw'elming ma@orit( o" w'ic' are seasonal an casual an not regular em!lo(ees+ Defnitel(& t'e( 'ave ver( little in common wit' t'e em!lo(ees o" t'e su!ermarts an cinemas+ =o lum! all t'e em!lo(ees o" 08LK#A in its integrate business concerns cannot result in an e,cacious bargaining unit com!rise o" constituents en@o(ing a communit( or mutualit( o" interest+ 1neniabl(& t'e ran: an fle em!lo(ees o" t'e livestoc:$ agro ivision constitute a bargaining unit t'at satisfes bot' re*uirements o" classifcation accoring to em!lo(ment status an o" t'e substantial similarit( o" wor: an uties w'ic' will ultimatel( assure its members t'e e-ercise o" t'eir collective bargaining rig'ts+ !ss"e ) %+ %t is signifcant to note t'at 124 em!lo(ees out o" t'e 20A em!lo(ees o" 08LK#A 'ave e-!resse t'eir written consent to t'e certifcation election or more t'an a ma@orit( o" t'e ran: an fle em!lo(ees an wor:ers/ muc' more t'an t'e re*uire 50) an over an above t'e !resent re*uirement o" 20) b( 8-ecutive 7rer 2o+ 111 an a!!licable onl( to unorgani>e establis'ments uner Art+ 2AE& o" t'e Labor #oe& to w'ic' 08LK#A belongs+ 2D Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page A+ 1ner Art+ 2AE o" t'e Labor #oe once t'e statutor( re*uirement is met& t'e Director o" Labor Relations 'as no c'oice but to call a certifcation election+ 0+ An( oubt cast on t'e aut'enticit( o" signatures to t'e !etition "or 'oling a certifcation election cannot be a bar to its being grante+ %n "act& once t'e re*uire !ercentage re*uirement 'as been reac'e& t'e em!lo(eesP wit'rawal "rom union members'i! ta:ing !lace a"ter t'e fling o" t'e !etition "or certifcation election will not aBect sai !etition+ %%+ A certifcation election is t'e sole concern o" t'e wor:ers+ ='e onl( e-ce!tion is w'ere t'e em!lo(er 'as to fle a !etition "or certifcation election !ursuant to Art+ 2A6 o" t'e Labor #oe because t'e latter was re*ueste to bargain collectivel(+ 0ut t'erea"ter t'e role o" t'e em!lo(er in t'e certifcation !rocess ceases+ ='e em!lo(er becomes merel( a b(staner+ A. ='ere is no s'owing t'at t'e instant case "alls uner t'e above mentione e-ce!tion+ !. <owever& it will be note t'at 08LK#A "rom t'e outset 'as activel( !artici!ate an consistentl( ta:en t'e !osition o" aversar( in t'e !etition "or irect certifcation as t'e sole an e-clusive bargaining re!resentative anOor certifcation election fle b( res!onent Associate Labor 1nions 3AL14$=1#P to t'e e-tent o" fling !etition "or certiorari in t'is #ourt+ RU"IN=: T&e &o)ing o0 a certi1cation eection is (ro(er. T&e stat'tory re.'irement was met. Decision o0 !"R AFFIRMED. U7 v. Ferrer6CaeHa 1@ Ju43 1992 #hie5 Justice Nar$asa SUMMARY: %n t'is s!ecial civil action o" certiorari t'e 1niversit( o" t'e P'ili!!ines see:s t'e nullifcation o" t'e 7rer ate 7ctober 50& 1660 o" Director Pura.errer$#alle@a o" t'e 0ureau o" Labor Relations 'oling t'at W!ro"essors& associate !ro"essors an assistant !ro"essors 3o" t'e 1niversit( o" t'e P'ili!!ines4 are + + ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees + + /W conse*uentl(& t'e( s'oul& toget'er wit' t'e so$calle non$acaemic& non$teac'ing& an all ot'er em!lo(ees o" t'e 1niversit(& be re!resente b( onl( one labor organi>ation+ ='e case was initiate in t'e 0ureau o" Labor Relations b( a !etition b( a registere labor union& t'e W7rgani>ation o" 2on$Acaemic Personnel o" 1PW 372AP1P4+ #laiming to 'ave a members'i! o" 5&25F members V com!rising more t'an 55) o" t'e 6&F1E !ersons constituting t'e non$ acaemic !ersonnel o" 1P$Diliman& Los 0a[os& Manila& an 9isa(as& it soug't t'e 'oling o" a certifcation election among all sai non$ acaemic em!lo(ees o" t'e 1niversit( o" t'e P'ili!!ines+ anot'er registere labor union& t'e WAll 1P Gor:ersP 1nion&W C fle a comment& as intervenor in t'e certifcation election !roceeing+ Alleging t'at its members'i! covers bot' acaemic an non$acaemic !ersonnel& an t'at it aims to unite all 1P ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees in one union& it eclare its assent to t'e 'oling o" t'e election !rovie t'e a!!ro!riate organi>ational unit was frst clearl( efne+ %t observe in t'is connection t'at t'e Researc'& 8-tension an Pro"essional StaB 3R8PS4& w'o are acaemic non$teac'ing !ersonnel& s'oul not be eeme !art o" t'e organi>ational unit+ .or its !art& t'e 1niversit(& t'roug' its Ieneral #ounsel&mae o" recor its view t'at t'ere s'oul be two 324 unions? one "or acaemic& t'e ot'er "or non$acaemic or aministrative& !ersonnel consiering t'e ic'otom( o" interests& conitions an rules governing t'ese em!lo(ee grou!s+ DOCTRINE: A Wbargaining unitW 'as been efne as a grou! o" em!lo(ees o" a given em!lo(er& com!rise o" all or less t'an all o" t'e entire bo( o" em!lo(ees& w'ic' t'e collective interest o" all t'e em!lo(ees& consistent wit' e*uit( to t'e em!lo(er& inicate to be t'e best suite to serve t'e reci!rocal rig'ts an uties o" t'e !arties uner t'e collective bargaining !rovisions o" t'e law+ 7ur labor laws o not 'owever !rovie t'e criteria "or etermining t'e !ro!er collective bargaining unit+ Section 12 o" t'e ol law& Re!ublic 26 Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page Act 2o+ DEA ot'erwise :nown as t'e %nustrial Peace Act& sim!l( reas as "ollows? *B Sec+ 12+ )Ec4usi$e #o44ecti$e ?argaining !e2resentation 5or %abor ,rganiations+ V ='e labor organi>ation esignate or selecte "or t'e !ur!ose o" collective bargaining b( t'e ma@orit( o" t'e em!lo(ees in an a!!ro!riate collective bargaining unit s'all be t'e e-clusive re!resentative o" all t'e em!lo(ees in suc' unit "or t'e !ur!ose o" collective bargaining in res!ect to rates o" !a(& wages& 'ours o" em!lo(ment& or ot'er conitions o" em!lo(ment/ Pro$ided& ='at an( iniviual em!lo(ee or grou! o" em!lo(ees s'all 'ave t'e rig't at an( time to !resent grievances to t'eir em!lo(er+ Alt'oug' sai Section 12 o" t'e %nustrial Peace Act was subse*uentl( incor!orate into t'e Labor #oe wit' minor c'anges& no guielines were inclue in sai #oe "or etermination o" an a!!ro!riate bargaining unit in a given case+ D+ ='us& a!art "rom t'e single escri!tive wor Wa!!ro!riate&W no s!ecifc guie "or etermining t'e !ro!er collective bargaining unit can be "oun in t'e statutes+ 8ven 8-ecutive 7rer 2o+ 1D0 alrea( averte to is not muc' 'el!+ All it sa(s& in its Section 6& is t'at W3t4'e a!!ro!riate organi>ational unit s'all be t'e em!lo(er unit consisting o" ran:$an$fle em!lo(ees& unless circumstances ot'erwise re*uire+W #ase law "ortunatel( "urnis'es some guielines+ G'en frst con"ronte wit' t'e tas: o" etermining t'e !ro!er collective bargaining unit in a !articular controvers(& t'e #ourt 'a !er"orce to rel( on American @uris!ruence+ %n Democratic %abor Association $s. #ebu &te$edoring #om2an3, 8nc., ecie on .ebruar( 2D& 16AD& D: t'e #ourt observe t'at Wt'e issue o" 'ow to etermine t'e !ro!er collective bargaining unit an w'at unit woul be a!!ro!riate to be t'e collective bargainingagenc(W + + + Wis novel in t'is @urisiction/ 'owever& American !receents on t'e matter aboun + + 3to w'ic' resort ma( be 'a4 consiering t'at our !resent Magna #arta 'as been !atterne a"ter t'e American law on t'e sub@ect+W Sai t'e #ourt? + + + 1ner t'ese !receents& t'ere are various "actors w'ic' must be satisfe an consiere in etermining t'e !ro!er constituenc( o" a bargaining unit+ 2o one !articular "actor is itsel" ecisive o" t'e etermination+ ='e weig't accore to an( !articular "actor varies in accorance wit' t'e !articular *uestion or *uestions t'at ma( arise in a given case+ G'at are t'ese "actorsQ Rot'enberg mentions a goo number& but t'e most !ertinent to our case are? 314 will o" t'e em!lo(ees 3Ilobe Doctrine4/ 324 a,nit( an unit o" em!lo(eesP interest& suc' as substantial similarit( o" wor: an uties& or similarit( o" com!ensation an wor:ing conitions/ 354 !rior collective bargaining 'istor(/ an 344 em!lo(ment status& suc' as tem!orar(& seasonal !robationar( em!lo(ees+ + + + --------- An enlig'tening a!!raisal o" t'e !roblem o" efning an a!!ro!riate bargaining unit is given in t'e 10t' Annual Re!ort o" t'e 2ational Labor Relations 0oar w'erein it is em!'asi>e t'at t'e "actors w'ic' sai boar ma( consier an weig' in f-ing a!!ro!riate units are? t'e 'istor(& e-tent an t(!e o" organi>ation o" em!lo(ees/ t'e 'istor( o" t'eir collective bargaining/ t'e 'istor(& e-tent an t(!e o" organi>ation o" em!lo(ees in ot'er !lants o" t'e same em!lo(er& or ot'er em!lo(ers in t'e same inustr(/ t'e s:ill& wages& wor:& an wor:ing conitions o" t'e em!lo(ees/ t'e esires o" t'e em!lo(ees/ t'e eligibilit( o" t'e em!lo(ees "or members'i! in t'e union or unions involve/ an t'e relations'i! between t'e unit or units !ro!ose an t'e em!lo(erPs organi>ation& management& an o!eration+ + + + + + %n sai re!ort& it is li:ewise em!'asi>e t'at t'e basic test in etermining t'e a!!ro!riate bargaining unit is t'at a unit& to be a!!ro!riate& must aBect a grou!ing o" em!lo(ees w'o 'ave substantial& mutual interests in wages& 'ours& wor:ing conitions an ot'er sub@ects o" collective bargaining 3citing Smit' on Labor Laws& 51F$51E/ .rancisco& Labor Laws& 1F24+ + + + ='e #ourt "urt'er e-!laine t'at W3t?&e test o0 t&e gro'(ing is comm'nity or m't'aity o0 interests. An t'is is so because Pt'e basic test o" an asserte bargaining unitPs acce!tabilit( is w'et'er or not it is "unamentall( t'e combination w'ic' will best assure to all em!lo(ees t'e e-ercise o" t'eir collective bargaining rig'tsP 3Rot'enberg on Labor Relations& 4604+W <ence& in t'at case& t'e #ourt u!'el t'e trial courtPs conclusion t'at two se!arate bargaining units s'oul be "orme& one consisting o" regular an !ermanent em!lo(ees an anot'er consisting o" casual laborers or steveores+ 50 Labor Law Review |Sobrevinas | August December 2014|Page Since t'en& t'e Fcommunit3 or mutua4it3 o5 interestsF test 'as !rovie t'e stanar in etermining t'e !ro!er constituenc( o" a collective bargaining unit+ %n A4hambra #igar G #igarette Manu5acturing #om2an3, et a4. $s. A4hambra )m24o3eesH Association ;PA-%7<, 10E P'il+ 25& t'e #ourt& noting t'at t'e em!lo(ees in t'e aministrative& sales an is!ensar( e!artments o" a cigar an cigarette manu"acturing frm !er"orm wor: w'ic' 'ave not'ing to o wit' !rouction an maintenance& unli:e t'ose in t'e raw lea 3malalasi4& cigar& cigarette& !ac:ing 3!recintera4 an engineering an garage e!artments& aut'ori>e t'e "ormation o" t'e "ormer set o" em!lo(ees into a se!arate collective bargaining unit+ ='e ruling in t'e Democratic %abor Association case& su2ra& was reiterate in Phi4i22ine %and+Air+&ea %abor 7nit $s. #ourt o5 8ndustria4 !e4ations& 110 P'il+ 1EF& w'ere casual em!lo(ees were barre "rom @oining t'e union o" t'e !ermanent an regular em!lo(ees+ A!!l(ing t'e same Wcommunit( or mutualit( o" interestsW test& but resulting in t'e "ormation o" onl( one collective bargaining units is t'e case o" Nationa4 Association o5 -ree /rade 7nions $s. Mainit %umber De$e4o2ment #om2an3 Ior1ers 7nion+7nited %umber and Jenera4 Ior1ers o5 the Phi4s.,I+R+ 2o+ E6A2F& December 21& 1660& 162 S#RA A6D+ %n sai case& t'e #ourt orere t'e "ormation o" a single bargaining unit consisting o" t'e Sawmill Division in 0utuan #it( an t'e Logging Division in \a!anta 9alle(& Hitc'arao& Agusan 2orte o" t'e Mainit Lumber Develo!ment #om!an(+ ='e #ourt reasone? #ertainl(& t'ere is a mutualit( o" interest among t'e em!lo(ees o" t'e Sawmill Division an t'e Logging Division+ ='eir "unctions mes' wit' one anot'er+ 7ne grou! nees t'e ot'er in t'e same wa( t'at t'e com!an( nees t'em bot'+ ='ere ma( be iBerence as to t'e nature o" t'eir iniviual assignments but t'e istinctions are not enoug' to warrant t'e "ormation o" a se!arate bargaining unit+ 2ot muc' reLection is neee to !erceive t'at t'e communit( or mutualit( o" interests w'ic' @ustifes t'e "ormation o" a single collective bargaining unit is wanting between t'e acaemic an non$acaemic !ersonnel o" t'e universit(+ %t woul seem obvious t'at teac'ers woul fn ver( little in common wit' t'e 1niversit( cler:s an ot'er non$ acaemic em!lo(ees as regars res!onsibilities an "unctions& wor:ing conitions& com!ensation rates& social li"e an interests& s:ills an intellectual !ursuits& cultural activities& etc+ 7n t'e contrar(& t'e ic'otom( o" interests& t'e issimilarit( in t'e nature o" t'e wor: an uties as well as in t'e com!ensation an wor:ing conitions o" t'e acaemic an non$acaemic !ersonnel ictate t'e se!aration o" t'ese two categories o" em!lo(ees "or !ur!oses o" collective bargaining+ ='e "ormation o" two se!arate bargaining units& t'e frst consisting o" t'e ran:$an$fle non$acaemic !ersonnel& an t'e secon& o" t'e ran:$ an$fle acaemic em!lo(ees& is t'e set$u! t'at will best assure to all t'e em!lo(ees t'e e-ercise o" t'eir collective bargaining rig'ts+ ='ese s!ecial circumstances& i.e.& t'e ic'otom( o" interests an concerns as well as t'e issimilarit( in t'e nature an conitions o" wor:& wages an com!ensation between t'e acaemic an non$acaemic !ersonnel& bring t'e case at bar wit'in t'e e-ce!tion contem!late in Section 6 o" 8-ecutive 7rer 2o+ 1D0+ %t was grave abuse o" iscretion on t'e !art o" t'e Labor Relations Director to 'ave rule ot'erwise& ignoring !lain an !atent realities+ 51