Syllabus Discrete Time Signal Processing

Module Content Pg.no

Chapter
1
Transform analysis of LTI System
Frequency response of LTI systems, Phase Distortion and delay ,all pass
systems, minimum, maximum and mixed phase systems, linear phase filters,
causal generalized linear phase systems (pole zero plots), symmetric and anti-
symmetric filters, low pass, high pass and band pass filters, digital resonators,
comb filter,
All pass filter, digital sinusoidal oscillators.

1
Chapter
2
Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT)
Definition of DFT, Relationship between DFT and DTFT, DFT and its
properties, linear filtering based on DFT, Frequency analysis of signals using
DFT, Filtering of long data sequences.

10
Chapter
3
Computation of DFT
Radix-2,Radix-4 Fast Fourier transform, DIT FFT, DIF FFT, IFFT, Split radix
FFT, Linear filtering and Correlation using FFT, Goertzel Algorithm, Chirp-Z
Transform
19

Chapter
4

Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter Design
FIR Filter Design Window method, Frequency sampling method, Optimum
equiripple linear phase FIR, FIR Differentiator, Finite word length effect in FIR
digital filters. Frequency Transformation. Realization Structure for FIR filters-
Direct form structure, cascade, frequency sampling structure. Lattice, ladder
structure. Structures for linear phase FIR filters.

27
Chapter
5

Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Filter Design
Design of IIR Filters impulse invariant method, Matched Z-Transform,
method, Bilinear Transformation method. Butterworth filter, finite world length
effect in IIR Filters. Frequency Transformation low pass to high pass, Band
pass and band reject filters .Realization structure for IIR Filters Direct Form
structures, Cascade and parallel realization structures for higher order structures,
lattice ladder structure. Application examples in telecommunication-Touch tone
generation and reception for digital telephones.
Digital telephony: dual tone multi tone frequency detection using Goertzel
algorithm, clock recovery for data communication.

39


48

Chapter
6

Multirate Signal Processing
Sampling rate reduction: detection by integer Factors, sampling rate increase:
interpolation by integer factors, sampling rate conversion by non-integer factors,
multistage approach to sampling rate conversion using poly phase filter
structure. Application of multirate signal processing-Interfacing of digital
systems with different sampling rates, Filter banks, sub-band coding of speech
signals.

Chapter
7

Telecommunication application of DTSP
Digital cellular mobile telephony, Set top box for digital television reception,
Adaptive television echo cancellation. Application to Radar.
55




















Distribution Matrix












Chapter MAY-12 DEC-12 MAY-13 DEC-13 MAY-14


Q M T Q M T Q M T Q M T Q M T
1.Transform analysis
of LTI system





3
1
5
10
25
2.Discrete Fourier
Transform
1

5 5
3.Computation Of
DFT
2 10 20
4.FIR Filter Design 3 10 30
5.IIR Filter Design 2 10 20
6.Multirate Signal
Processing
1 10 10
7.Telecommunication
applications of DTSP
1 5 10

Chap 1 |Transform analysis of LTI System

Q1) Find the response of the system given by difference equation
y(n) - 5y(n-1)+6y(n-2) = x(n)For (i) x (n) = (n) and (ii) x (n) = u(n) (5M,May-2012)
Ans:
(i) For x(n) = (n)

Given, y(n)-5y(n-1) +6y (n-2) = (n)

Taking z transform on both sides

Y (Z) 5Z
-1
Y(Z) +6Z
-2
Y(Z) = 1

Y(Z)[1-5Z
-1
+6Z
-2
] = 1

Put Z = e
jw


Y (e
jw
)= 1/[1-5e
-jw
6e
-2jw
]

(ii)For x (n) = u (n)
Given, y(n)-5y(n-1) +6y(n-2) = (n)
Taking z transform on both sides
Y (Z) 5Z
-1
Y(Z) +6Z
-2
Y(Z) = (Z)/(Z-1)
Y(Z) [ 1-5Z
-1
+6Z
-2
] = (Z)/(Z-1)
Y(Z) = (Z)/(Z-1) . 1/[1-5Z
-1
+6Z
-2
]
= Z / Z -5 - 6Z
-1
1 + 5Z
-1
+ 6Z
-2

= Z/ [Z-6-Z
-1
-6Z
-2
]
Dividing numerator and denominator by Z we get
Y(Z) = 1/ [1-6Z
-1
- Z
-2
-6Z
-3
]

Q2) Describe the concept of digital resonator. (5M, May-12)
Ans:
1. A digital resonator is a special two pole Band-pass filter with the pair ofcomplex conjugate
poles located near the unit circle as shown below.



2. Digital resonator is a narrowband band-pass filter. The name resonator refers to the fact that
the filter has large magnitude response (i.eit resonates) in the vicinity of the pole location.
The angular position determines the resonant frequency of the filter.
3. Digital resonators are useful for band pass filtering, speech generation etc.

4. Design of digital resonator : To have a peak at = o select the complex
Conjugate poles at P
1
= r.e
jo
and p2 = r.e
-jo
and zeros at Z
1
= 1 and Z
2
= -1

5. The system function and the magnitude response is given by,

H (Z) =
1+1

0
.(
0
.)


H (Z) =
1+1

2
2 cos +
2







Q3) Periodic analog signal will remain periodic when converted into digital signal .is true or
false? Justify your answer. (5M, Dec-12)
Ans:
The discrete time signal is periodic only when its frequency is rational number, Even if the
continuous time signal is periodic not all discrete time signals of arbitrary values are periodic.
Consider, x(t) = Acos
o
t t0 .(1)

Here A is multiple of wave,
This wave is periodic with frequency F
0
(
o =
2 F
0
) and phase shift of wave = 0
The discrete version of equation (1) is
X(n) = A cos (

n + ) ..(2)
For a discrete time signal, x(n) to be periodic with period, N sample s; the required condition is
X(n) = x(n+N) ..(3)
Thus replacing n by n+N in equation (2)
X(n+N) = Acos [ (n +N)+]
X(n+N) = Acos [ n + N+ ] (4)
In order to satisfy the condition of periodicity we require N= 2m
=
2

Here m and N are integers.
Therefore angular frequency must be a rational (ratio of two integers) multiple of 2

Q4).Frequency domain representation of a periodic discrete time signal is a periodic is it
true or false? Justify your answer. (5M, Dec-12)
Ans:
Consider a periodic discrete time sequence x(n).
It is periodic with sample = N
Thus condition of periodicity is
X(n) = x(n+N) ..(1)
The Fourier series representation of x(n) consist of N number of exponential signals .it is
2 /


For K =0, 1,N-1

The eqn.of Fourier series for discrete time periodic sequence is given by

X(n)
=

1
=0 k
.
2 /

theHere C
k
denotes the Fourier coefficients
Now replace n by n+N equation (1)
X(n+N) =
1
=0 k
.
2 (+1)/

=
1
=0 k
.
2 /
.
2

But e
j2k =
cos 2k + j sin2k
x(n+N) =
1
=0 k
.
2 /

Now equation (1) and (2) are same
This x(n) = x(n+N)
So the frequency domain representation of periodic discrete time signal is periodic.

Q.5) Determine the zeroes of the following FIR systems and indicate whether the system is
minimum phase maximum phase or mixed phase.
(i) H(Z) = 6+Z
-1
+Z
-2

(ii) H(Z) = 1+ Z
-1
+(6)Z
-2

(iii) H(Z) =1-(5/2) Z
-1
(3/2) Z
-2

(iv) H(Z) = 1-(5/6) Z
-1
(1/3) Z
-2
(8 M, Dec-12; 10-M, May-13)
Ans:
(i)H (Z) = 6+Z
-1
+Z
-2

= 6+
1

+
1

2

=
6
2
++1

2


Z1 = -0.0833+j.04
Z2 = -0.0833-j.04 Z2
Thus the both the zeroes are inside the unit circle, it is minimum phase system.
(ii ) H (Z) = 1+Z
-1
+(6) Z
-2
= 1 +
1

+
6

2

=
Z2 +Z +6

2

THUS Z1 =- 0.5-2.4j
Z2 = - 0.5 +2.4j
Thus the both the zeroes are outside the unit circle ,it is maximum phase system.
(iii)H(Z) =1-(5/2) Z
-1
(3/2) Z
-2
=
2
-
5
2
-
3
2

=

2
2.51.5

2

=
(Z+0.5)(Z3)
Z
2

Z1 = -0.5 and Z2 = 3
Since, one zero is outside the unity circle and another zero is inside the unit circle it is mixed phase
system.
(iv)H (Z) = 1-(5/6) Z
-1
(1/3) Z
-2

=
6
2
302
6
2

Z1 = -5.06 and Z2 = -0.065
Since both zeroes are inside the unity circle ; it is minimum phase system.

Q6) Find the response of the difference equation given by: y(n)=5y(n-1)-6y(n-2) +x(n) for
x(n)=u(n) (10-M,Dec-12)
Ans :

Given y (n)=5y(n-1)-6y(n-2) +x(n) for x(n)=u(n)
Taking Z transform on both sides,
Y (Z) = 5Z
-1
Y(Z)-6Z
-
2Y(Z)+X(Z)
But X (Z) = Z{u(n)} =

1

Y (Z) = 5Z
-1
Y(Z)-6Z
-
2Y(Z)+

1

Y (Z)-5Z
-1
Y(Z)+6Z
-2
Y(Z) =

1

Y (Z) [ 1-5Z
-1
)+6Z
-2
] =

1

Y (Z) =

1
.
1
(15
1
)+6
2

=

1
.

2
5+6

()

= .

2
5+6

=

2
(1)(2)(3)

In Partial fraction expression we can write,
()

1
+

3
+

2

Now A = (Z-1).

2
(1)(3)(2)
Z=1
A =
1
(12)(13)

A = 0.5
B = (Z-2).

2
(1)(3)(2)
Z=2
B =
4
(21)(23)


= - 4
And,
C = (Z-3).

2
(1)(3)(2)
Z=3
C =
9
(31)(32)

= 4.5

()

=
0.5
1

4
2
+
4.5
3

Y(Z) = 0.5

1
4

2
+4.5

3

Taking inverse z transform we get,
y(n) = 0.5u(n)-4(2)
n
u(n) +4.5(3)
n
u(n)
This is the response of system.


Question Papers

1. (a) Assume that a complex multiplier takes 1 micro sec to perform one multiplication and that the
amount of time to compute a DFT is determined by the Amount of time to perform all the
multiplications. How much time to perform all the multiplications. How much time is required is
FFT is used?
Ans: chapter 3 5
(b) Let h[n] be the unit impulse response of low pass filter with a cutoff frequency
c
,what type of
filter has unit sample response g[n] = (-1)
n
h[n].
Ans: chapter 1 5
(c)A two pole low pass filter has the system function H(Z)= (b
0
)/(1-pz
-1
)
2
determine the values of b
0
and p such that frequency response H() Satisfies the condition l H(0) l=1 and H(/4)
2
=(1/2) .
Ans: chapter 1 5
(d)Consider filter with transfer function .identify the type of filter & justify it.
H(Z) = (Z
-1
1)/(1-az
-1
).
Ans: chapter 1 5
2. (a) The unit sample response of a system is h(n) = {3,2,1} use overlap add method of linear
filtering to determine o/p sequence for the repeating input sequence x[n] ={2,0,-2,0,2,1,0,-2,-1,0}
Ans : chapter 2 10
(b) For a given sequence x(n) = {2,0,0,1}, perform following operations:
(i) Find out the 4 point DFT of x (n).
(ii) Plot x(*n),its periodic extension X
p
(n) and X
p
(n-3)
(iii) Find out 4 point DFT of X
p
(n-3)
(iv) Add phase angle in (i) with factor-[(2rk)/N] where N =4,r=3, k=0,1,2,3
Comment on the result you had in (i) & (ii).
Ans: chapter 2 10
3.(a)The transfer function of discrete time causal system is given below:
H(Z) = (1- Z
-1
)/(1-0.2Z
-1
-0.15Z
-2
)
(i) Find the difference equation.
(ii) Draw cascade and parallel realization.
MAY- 13


(iii) Show pole-zero diagram & then find magnitude at =0 &= .Calculate the
impulse response of the system.
Ans: chapter 4 10
(b) Obtain the lattice realization for the system:
H (Z) = [1+3Z
-1
+3Z
-2
+Z
-3
]/ [1+ (3/4) Z
-1
+ (1/2) Z
-2
+ (1/4) Z
-3
]
Ans: chapter 4 10
4.(a) What is the linear phase filter? What condition are to be satisfied by the impulse response of an
FIR system in order to have a linear phase? Plot and justify compulsory zero location for symmetric
even anti-symmetric even and anti-symmetric odd filters.
Ans: chapter 4 10
(b) Determine the zeros of the following FIR systems and indicate whether the system is minimum
phase maximum phase or mixed phase.
(v) H(Z) = 6+Z
-1
+Z
-2

(vi) H(Z) = 1- Z
-1
(6)Z
-2

(vii) H(Z) =1-(5/2) Z
-1
(3/2) Z
-2

(viii) H(Z) = 1-(5/6) Z
-1
(1/3) Z
-2

Comment on the stability of the minimum and maximum phase system
Ans: chapter 1 10
5.(a) A digital low pass filter is required to meet the following specifications :
Pass band ripple: 1 dB
Pass band edge = 4 KHZ
Stop band attenuation 40 dB
Stop band edge = 8 KHZ
Sampling rate: 24 KHZ
Find order, cutoff frequency and pole location for Butterworth filter using bilinear
transformation.
Ans: chapter 5 10
(b) Design an FIR digital filter to approximate an ideal low pass filter with pass band gain of unity
,cut-off frequency of 950 HZ and working at sampling frequency of FS=5000 Hz .the length of the
impulse response should be 5. Use rectangular window.
Ans: chapter 4 10

6.(a)Explain the need of low pass filter with a decimator and mathematically prove that
y
=
x
Ans: chapter 6 10
(b) Why is the direct form FIR structure for the Multirate system inefficient? Explain with neat
diagram how the inefficiency is overcome in implementing a decimator and an interpolator.
Ans: chapter 4 10
7.Write short notes (any four) 20
(a)DTMF detection using Goertzel algorithm
Ans: chapter 3
(b) Filter banks
Ans: chapter 4
(c) Comparison of FIR and IIR filters
Ans: chapter 5
(d)Split radix FFT
Ans: chapter 3
(e)Optimum Equiripple Linear Phase FIR filter design
Ans: chapter 4







Sample Copy

Full Printed Copies will be available soon to buy
on
www.kt280.com