2010 Second Interational Conference on Computational Intelligence and Natural Computing (CIC)

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Dazhi Wang
l
, Huaming Wang
l
, Yupeng Shi
2
, lun Li \ Keling Song
3
, Shengli Liu
3
, Yiqi Li
3
1. Institute of Electric Power System and Motor Drives, College of Information Science and
Engineering Northeastern Universit Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
E-mail: ufohear@yahoo.cn
2. Shenyang Universit of Technolog
3. No. 4,Huaishu Ling, Fengtai district, Beiing, China
Abstract
In order to achieve the simulation of the external
ofhore environmental conditions in the wind power
generation system, a wind speed model and a tower
load module was built by simulink for calculating the
wind load and current load on the wind rotor and
tower load and introduce the ice load briefy. The
simulation results show that the model can not only
show positive responses to the actual wind speed but
also provide the correct source parameters for the
study of wind power generation analog systems. Load
model has directive signicance for the calculations of
the ofhore wind turbine load
1. Introduction
Wind power simulation of characteristics is the
simulation of refecting the location of wind power
distribution and time-varying characteristics. The
results of wind power simulation are used for wind
turbine or wind farm simulation analysis, which is
basis for studying the wind power simulation. In the
wind power generation analog systems, the
randomness and uncertainty of wind speed give rise to
a great difculty in simulation of wind power.
Whether the wind speed can refect the actual wind
situation directly or not will affect accuracy and
reliability of the entire simulation generating system.
The exteral environment of offshore wind turbine
is mainly infuenced by load. The exteral
environment load is divided into wind load and wave
load, and ice load must be considered on special
occasions.
2. Sea wind speed model
978-1-4244-7703-6/10/$26.00 2010 IEEE
402
As the roughness of the sea surface is smaller than
the land, and the sea surface is fat, and the sea wind
speed over the same height change little, the wind
speed at sea level Z can be expressed as:
v=v(z)+v(t) (I)
v(z) means the average wind speed at the height of
Z. v(z) complies with index distribution. vet) means
pulse component of wind speed.
v(z) can be expressed as:
V(Z)/V
IO
= (zIlO)a (2)
V
IO
means the average wind speed over sea surface
at 10m. means a fction of surface roughness and
the Reynolds number.
3. Offshore external environment load
3.1. Wind load of wind rotor
This paper only considers positive wind of wind
rotor which generates the effect of thrust force to wind
rotor under static state of wind turbines. Coordinate
system of the wind rotor is shown in Fig.I.
XR-The direction of the wind rotor line
ZR-Radial direction
YR-Determine by Right-hand rule
Figure.1 Wind Rotor Coordinate System
The average pressure P _ acting on the rotor sweep
area can be expressed as:
CINC2010
(3)
The force acting on top of the tower can be
expressed as:
(4)
Pai
r
means air density. According to Bates formula,
C
I
_ - 8/9. v means wind speed. A means the rotor
swept area.
3.2. Wind load of tower
Wind load means that tower posItIve wind
generates the effect of thrust force to tower. This force
can be expressed as:
fHO
=
P
a
ir
Awv,(h)/2 (5)
A
w means the projected area of tower. V
(h)
means
average wind speed at the height of h.
The total wind load of the offshore wind turbine is
expressed as:
(6)
3.3. Sea wave load
Sea wave load can be divided into wave power load
and ocean current load. Reference [4] described in
details the method of calculating load of wave forces.
The calculation of ocean current load in this paper only
refers to the forward ocean current generated by load.
Ocean current speed can be decomposed into near
surface current, sub-surface current and near-shore
current.
near-surface current can be expressed as:
Vw
(z) = k(Z)U,(ZlO) (7)
Us (Zl
O) means the average wind speed at 10m above
sea surface.
k(z) can be shown by the following formula:
{O.OI( l-ZIl5) -15m:z:Om
k(z) =
0 z < -15m
sub-surface curent can be expressed as:
Ves(z) = [(z+d)d]l17 Uso
(8)
(9)
d means depth of the water. u,o means the sea
speed of input parameters
near-shore ocean current can be expressed as:
Ve
i =2sgHB (10)
g means gravity acceleration. s means beach degree
of slope.
H
B
means breaking wave altitude, it can be
expressed as:
403
H
E
=bl[lldB+a/(gT;)] (11)
With: a = 44[1-exp(-19s)] ,b = 1.6/[1 + exp(-19s)] .
d
B
means depth of the water at the place of
breaking wave.
TB means wave cycle. When the slope of the beach
is small, H
B
is 0.8 d
B
.
The velocity of sea current can be expressed as:
Vs
e
a
= V
w(z)+ Ves(z)+ Ven (12)
When calculating ocean current load, tower force
can be calculated as the part of the drag force in the
Morison equation. It can be expressed as:
FD(z) = CDpDv
a
12
(13)
C
D
means speed coeffcient. p means seawater
density. D means tower diameter.
V
,e
a
means
horizontal velocity of the water point track.
3.4. Ice load
In accordance with DNV (DET
VERIT AS), ice load can be expressed as:
j8F r 1 (7Tal ) + 0. 2
F 0 < r
:
0
.
7Tal
kz)= F -7F(r-O
7al)ITal 0. 7Tal <r:o.
Sal
O.
3Fa
-F(r-
o.
Sa
l)
/
(
2Tal) O
Sal <r
:
Tal
NORSKE
(14)
Fa means static ice force. To _ means ice fnction
cycle, and the value is To _= L 1
Vi
ce . L is the Ice
destruction length. vce means ice mobile speed.
According to Korzhavin-Afanasev formula, the
value of Fa can be expressed as:
Fo=lkDtaem (15)
Where: I means inserting coeffcient, the value is
1= ,5t 1 d + 1 . t is the thickness of ice layer. k means
contact coefcient of column and ice layer. a e means
ultimate compressive strength of ice test specimen. m
means shape factor.
Time process of ice power proposed by DNV is
shown in Fig.2.
2 T
Figure.2 Time process of ice power proposed by
DNV
4. Simulation results of external
environment for offshore wind turbine
In order to examine the correctness of simulation
models, simulation experiments have been done on
Blade and Matlab sofware.
The parameters are shown in Table 1.
T bil l . a e . slmu atlOn parameters
Parameter Value Parameter Value
height of
the rotor swept
tower above 85m 3317m
2
aea
the sea
height of
tower under 10m shape factor 0.9
the sea
the average
wind speed
10mls
beach degree of
0.1
at 10m bove slope
sea surface
0.11 seawater density 1025kg/m3
Surface fow rate of sea current is 1.31 mls once in
ten years, and surface current fow rate is 1.36m/s once
in ffy years.
Simulation results are shown as follows:
J

JO
JO
J

J
I
"
Jz
I
.S JJ

J
:y
l1RC (5)
Figure 3. Time Series of Sea Wind Speed
404
cu
1cu
zuu
|cu
.uu
t.`
t1nc ts1
t`
1uu
tinc t:
4uu uu
Figure 4. Total Wind Load of Offshore Wind
Turbine
uu
Fig.3 describes time series of sea wind speed. FigA
describes total wind load of offshore wind turbine.
Fig.(A) is simulation result of blade sofware. Results
show maximum value of total wind load is 555kN,
minimum value of that is lOOkN. Fig.(B) is simulation
result of Matlab sofware. Results show that maximum
value of the total wind load is 515kN; the minimum
value of that is 135kN. It prove correctness of the
simulation model. According to the formula (13),
calculating result of sea current load is 638kN once in
ten years; and 682kN once in ffy years.
5. Conclusion
This paper presented a method of simulation system
used in onshore and offshore wind power generation,
and carried out load calculation of the exteral
environment of offshore wind turbine. The simulation
results show that the model can not only show positive
responses to the actual wind speed, but also provide
the correct source parameters for the study of wind
power generation analog systems. Load model has
instructive meaning for calculation of the offshore
wind turbine load.
6. References
[1] Sun Yaojie, Kang Longyun, Shi Weixiang etc., Wind
Turbine Simulator Study, Joural of System Simulation.
vol. 17,Mar.2005,pp. 623-626.
[2] Yin Lian, Wind Power Generation,2001.
[3] Li Dongdong,Chen Chen, Wind Power System Dynamic
Simulation Model of Wind Speed, Chinese Joural of
Electrical Engineering, vol.21 ,2005,pp. 41-44.
[4] Wang Xiangming, Chen Liang, Deng Ying etc., Offshore
Wind Turbine Tower Sea Weave Load Analysis, Journal of
Shenyang University of Techno\ogy,vo1.30,Jan.2008,pp.43-
46.
[5] Dnv Offshore Standard Det Norske Veritas DNV-OS
nO\, Design of Offshore Wind Turbine Structures, June
2004
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