International Conference on Advanced Research in Mechanical Engineering, 21

st
April-2013, Coimbatore, ISBN: 978-93-83060-03-0
46
EFFECT OF BIO-DIESEL DERIVED FROM THE SESAME OIL ON
ENGINE PERFORMANCE OF 4- CYLINDER 4- STROKE
DIESEL ENGINE.

PROF. NILAMKUMAR S PATEL
1
, MR.HIREN H GOSAI
2


1
Assi. Professor,
2
Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Silver oak college of engg & Technology, Ahemdabad, Gujarat,India



Abstract- The world has witnessed industrial revolution in the past two centuries and faced serious problem of
indiscriminate utilization of the energy resources. This has resulted in severe environmental degradati and very high
dependence on fossil fuels. As population increases and the standard of living improved, there will be a shortage of source of
energy. Diesel being the main transportation fuel in India, finding a suitable fuel alternative to diesel is an urgent need. Many
alternate fuels like Alcohols, Biodiesel, LPG, CNG etc have been already commercialised in the transport sector. Growing
concern regarding energy resources and the environment has increased interest in the study of alternative sources of energy.
To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternative fuels like biodiesel to provide a
suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. However, there is an urgent need to explore the potential of
biodiesel from variety of locally available sources. This paper highlights the results of investigations carried out on assessing
potential of biodiesel derived from sesame oil and its blends with diesel. A blend of sesame oil in the various proportion like
15%, 25%, 35%, and up to 50% in the diesel fuel was used as an alternative fuel in a direct injection diesel engine. The
performance test was carried out at different loads and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal
efficiency(BTE) were evaluated. It is concluded that it is possible to use Sesame oil in diesel engines as an alternate fuel
in the future.

Keywords- Sesame oil, diesel, blended fuel, diesel engine


I. INTRODUCTION:

The large increase in number of automobiles in recent
years has resulted in great demand for petroleum
products. With crude oil reserves estimated to last
only for few decades, there has been an active search
for alternate fuels[2]. Now-a-days, Diesel engines are
used in transportation, electric power generation,
farming, construction, and in many industrial
activities[1]. The depletion of crude oil would cause
a major impact on the transportation sector. Amongst
various options investigated to supplement diesel
fuel, biodiesel produced from vegetable oils has been
recognized world over as one of the most promising
diesel engine fuel. The biodiesel production
worldwide is mainly derived from edible oils such as
soybean and sesame oil [3] . The use of biodiesel can
extend the life of diesel engines because it is more
lubricating than petroleum diesel fuel. Biodiesel is
produced from renewable vegetable oils/animal fats
and hence improves fuel or energy security and
economy independence. A lot of research work has
been carried out using vegetable oil both in its neat
form and modified form [2]. Here to determine
sesame oil for use as a transportation fuel, it is
necessary to understand engine performance
characteristics, as well as what it might cost. Sesame
is one of the worlds important oil crops. India is one
of the major producers of many oilseed crops like
groundnut, mustard, rapeseed, sesame seed, etc[4].
But the main problem of using neat vegetable oils as


fuel in diesel engine is related to their high viscosity.
The high viscosity of vegetable oils and the low
volatility affects the atomization and spray pattern of
fuel, leading to incomplete combustion and severe
carbon deposits, injector choking and piston ring
sticking. To solve these problems caused by the very
high viscosity of neat vegetable oils, the following
usual method are adopted blending in small blend
ratio with normal diesel fuel [5].

II. PROPERTY TABLE

Table:1
Property Diesel Sesame oil
Heating
value(KJ /Kg)
42900 39349
Viscosity(mm2/s)
4.3(at 27 o
C)
35.5 (at 38
o C)
Density (kg/l) 0.815 0.913
Cetane number 47 40.2
Flash point 58 260
Sulfar <0.01 0.01
Carbon residue(%
by weight)
<0.35 0.25

III. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

The schematic layout of the experimental set up is
shown in fig 1 , and the specifications of the engine
Internat
are show
cylinder,
diesel en
to provi
thermoco
temperatu
exhaust
manifold
meter wa
was pass
fuel injec
flow wa
burette a
carried o
were con
rpm.
Engin
Coolin
Comp
Maxim
Rated
Capac

IV. TES

In this ex
connecte
help of d
load rem
load or
dynamom
power,
consump

Then the
different
tank and
practical
diesel en
engine.
Effect of bio
tional Conference
wn in Table 2.
water coole
ngine. A rope
ide the engi
ouple, in c
ure indicator
gas tempera
d were fitted
as used for a
sed from the
ction pump an
as measured
and a stopwat
ut using base
nducted at th

Table: 2 En
Parameter
ne
ng
pression ration
mum Power
d speed
city
T PROCEDU
xperiments we
d with the rop
dynamometer,
main constant.
by varying t
meter, engine
indicated p
ption etc find f
e blending o
proportion c
d find the en
was perform
ngine withou
o-diesel derived f
e on Advanced R
The test engin
ed, direct inj
brake dynam
ine load. A
conjunction
r, was used
ature. An ai
to the engine
airflow measu
fuel tank to t
nd the fuel inj
on volumetr
tch. Initially,
diesel fuel. A
he rated engin
Fig 1

ngine specific
4-Cyl
Wa
n
5 hp
2
URE
e use the dies
pe break dyna
varies the loa
The reading
the load On
e performanc
power, break
from the exper
of diesel and
concentration
ngine perform
med on four cy
ut modificatio
fromthe sesame o
Research in Mecha
ne used was a
njection statio
mometer Was
chromel alu
with a di
to measure
ir box and
e, and an air
urement. The
the engine via
ector, and the
ric basis usin
experiments
All the experim
ne speed of
cations:
Details
linder Engine
ater cooled
16 : 1
p or 3.7 kw
2500 rpm
553 CC
sel engine and
amometer with
ad on the engin
takes by con
the engine u
ce such as b
k specific
riments.
d seasame o
in the diesel
mance. Since
ylinder four st
on in the d
oil on engine perf
anical Engineerin
47
a four
onary
used
umel
igital
e the
inlet
flow
fuel
a the
e fuel
ng a
were
ments
2500

d it is
h the
ne or
nstant
using
brake
fuel
oil at
fuel
this
troke
diesel
V R

4.1 F

Fig.
brea
From
cond
from
cons
the d
4.2 S
Show
brea
The
fuel
show
com
SFC

f
u
e
l
c
o
n
s
p
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c

f
u
e
l

c
o
n
s
p
.
formance of 4- cy
ng, 21
st
April-201
RESULTS
Fuel consump
2 Shows the
ak power at va
m the above
dition the fue
m the graph
sumption of b
diesel is more

Specific Fuel
ws the variati
ak power at va
meaning of s
consumption
ws that the
mpared to the
C is minimum
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
f
u
e
l

c
o
n
s
p
brak
B
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
1
brak
BPv
ylinder 4- stroke d
3, Coimbatore, IS
ption:
Fig.2
variation of
arious blend p
e graph it sh
el consumpti
h it is conc
blend D85S15
e as compared
Consumption
on of specific
arious blend p
specific fuel c
n of that parti
SFC of die
all other blen
for the entire
Fig.3

2 3
kepowerinK
PvsFUELC
2 3
kepowerinKW
vsSPECIFICFUE
diesel engine.
SBN: 978-93-830
fuel consump
proportion in t
how that at
on is increas
cluded that
5 is less also t
to the all othe
n:
c fuel consump
proportion in t
consumption i
icular load .T
esel fuel is
nd. The blend
blend.
4
KW
CONSP.
di
D8
D7
D6
D5
4
W
ELCONSP.
die
D8
D7
D6
D5
060-03-0

ption with
the diesel.
full load
sed. since
the fuel
the FC of
er blend.
ption with
the diesel.
is that the
The graph
more as
d D85S15

esel
85S15
75S25
65S35
55S45
esel
85S15
75S25
65S35
55S45
Effect of bio-diesel derived fromthe sesame oil on engine performance of 4- cylinder 4- stroke diesel engine.
International Conference on Advanced Research in Mechanical Engineering, 21
st
April-2013, Coimbatore, ISBN: 978-93-83060-03-0
48
4.3 Brake thermal efficiency:


Fig.4

BTE is define as the ratio of brake power to the total
heat supplied .Form the above fig 4 it shows that the
brake thermal efficiency is maximum at initial load
but as the load increased the efficiency decreased.
From the graph it is concluded that the diesel fuel
brake thermal efficiency is minimum as compared to
the all other blend. Also the blends D85S15 have
maximum BTE.

4.4 Indicated thermal efficiency:


Fig 5

ITE is define as the ratio of Indicated power to the
total heat supplied From the fig 5 it shows that the
indicated thermal efficiency is minimum for the
diesel fuel as compared to the all other blend. Graph
also shows that as the load increased the indicated
thermal efficiency is decreased and the indicated
thermal efficiency of the blend D85S15 blend has
maximum indicated thermal efficiency.

4.5 Mechanical efficiency:

Fig 6
Mechanical efficiency is defined as the ratio of the
brake power to the indicated power. from the fig 6
shows that the mechanical efficiency of all the blend
is nearly same but by deep analysis it shows that the
mechanical efficiency of the blend D85S15 is
maximum from the all blend. Also diesel mechanical
efficiency is less as compared to the D85S15 blend.

V. CONCLUSION

From the analysis, it concluded that D85S15
found best optimum blend compare to the
other blend.
This blend can directly used in the four
cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine without
modification of the engine.
It is also concluded that the diesel fuel
indicated thermal efficiency , brake thermal
efficiency, Fuel consumption ,specific fuel
consumption mechanical efficiency etc
parameter is low as compared to the blend
D85S15.

REFERENCE

[1] Husamettin Bulut, The comparison of engine performance
and exhaust emission characteristics of sesame oil-Diesel
fuel mixture with diesel fuel in a direct injection diesel
engine
[2] S. J aichandar, and K. Annamalai , The Status of Biodiesel
as an Alternative Fuel for Diesel Engine(2011) Chennai,
India
[3] Ashish Karnwal*1, Naveen Kumar2, Mohd. Muzaffarul
Hasan3, Arshad Noor Siddiquee3and Zahid A. Khan3,
Performance Evaluation of a Medium Capacity Diesel
Engine on Thumba Biodiesel and Diesel Blends(2010) UP,
India
[4] Kandangath Raghavan ANILAKUMAR , Ajay PAL,
Farhath KHANUM , Amarinder Singh BAWA, Nutritional,
Medicinal and Industrial Uses of Sesame Seeds
[5] Prof. Nilamkumar S. Patel , Performance characterization of
single cylinder diesel engine fueled with Sesame oil -diesel
and its blend with Ethanol
[6] N. J anardhan, P.Ushasri, M.V.S. Murali Krishna,
P.V.K.Murthy, Performance of Biodiesel in Low Heat
Rejection Diesel Engine with Catalytic Converter


0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1 2 3 4
b
r
a
k
e

t
h
e
r
m
a
l

e
f
f
i
.
brakepowerinKW
BP vs BRAKE THERMAL
EFFI.
diesel
D85S15
D75S25
D65S35
D55S45
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1 2 3 4
I
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
d

T
h
e
r
m
a
l

E
f
f
i
BPvsINDICATEDTHERMALEFFI.
diesel
D85S15
D75S25
D65S35
D55S45
70
80
90
100
1 2 3 4
M
e
c
h
a
n
i
c
a
l

e
f
f
i
.
BPvsMECHANICALEFFI.
diesel
D85S15
D75S25
D65S35
D55S45