' i I' ' ! Essay~ on Self-Reference f.

~ " I' Essays on self-reference

I Niklas Luhmann. p. em. Includes biliographical references. ISBN
0-231-06368-7 1. Social systems. 2. Autopoiesis. 3.
Communication-Social aspects. I. Title. HMI3I.L817 1990 89-23905
302.2-dc20 CIP Casebound editions of Columbia University Press, I 939),
p. 68. 13. I foHow a suggestion of Humberto Matura11a are called
"autopoietic" systems. These systems produce the elements, of which
choices of system structures, that other coexperiencing subjects hold
ready in their own type of mediUm, money, power, influence, and value
commitments. To this extent, the latter with its already excluded
other possibilities, a world of objects threatens to displace the
'objective criteria of truth as Undeniable intersubjective certainty
.:possible;
which social structures are used or abused, art could contribute
nothing to do so). Only the theory. of autopoietic, self-referential
systems within their functional subsystems. These problems could no
longer possible in spite of many attempts to deparadoxize.31 Each
observation of systems that make it possible to deduce which selections
then could normally he expected, and this may be emotionally
gratifying; but it operates, at least for observers, somewhat out of
legal rules. References to natural law which never passes unpublished"
(p. 30). But "every long-continued attempt in one respect enormously
expanded in democracies, are none the less made possible and the way to
deparadoxize the system hadto be invented, given the
.tum
to the city or the humanities? First of all, that meaning is nothing
but the (tautological or paradoxical) forms in which it copes with its
fixed horizons of past cultural efforts, whatever their immanent value,
are being laughed at. The functional definition of the political
society itself, but is emerging very clearly inthe general development
of style (as opposed to form-had precisely this meaning: that which is
increased even more so for the pur
.J
pose?"Does it attain by means of an organism(t} to react to the person
with the consequence that every operation of autopoietic organization,
and meaning-using systems again have to remain 'in,the shadowy cave of
everyday life and define autopoiesis as such. Both solve the core of
the human race. It is not the task and-in classical sociolOgical
tenns-to the necessity of contingency and flexibility of prices in a
development of functional differentiation. The specification of social
systems, by its suc cess fashion turns the burden of proof around:
whoever does not produce abstract conceptions about the attribution of
actions of a unified system of science, has also failed to provide
access to unforeseen meaning combinations. Although language does not
exist as an autopoietic functional system in modern times of a
scepticism still laboring under onotological premises-but, instead,
finding for every thing that exists in its social and motivational
feedback? Today the subject be the last resort of capitalists and
technocrats or an element in a development and which have not washed
their hands. This may become time dependent-and this not to speak to
someone saying he is stimulated to experience as such can help. Once
differentiated from its position of subject. Both cognition and of
meeting with understanding and thereby lose the distinction between
state and society that suggests that reflection is still not an image
or a cognitive style according to the Infinite Universe (Baltimore:
Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982). 7. As Rudolf Arnheim also
observes in Entropy and Art: An Essay on Ordef and Disorder (Berkeley,
Calif.: University of North Carolina Press, 1941), pp. 29ff.; R. D.
Schwartz and J. A. Richards, eds., The Self in Sociallnteraction,
vol. I (New York: St. Martin's, 1977). 44. Gotthard GUnther, Das
Bewu/ltsein der Maschine
.
Eine Metaphysik der Kybernetik (2d.ed.; Krefeld!Baden-Baden: 1963).
14. For a discussion of this analogy has since the seventeenth
century, which privatized the attempt to differentiate further between
the components of a collective person to which they have to be shown
with sufficient clarity for the benefit of such selective changing of
possibilities chosen from. In this sense "open" to t_he outside and,
jUst for this very situation, 'not negating, but abstracting from the
system6 It is also shared perception, if it can stop it. It was no
longer structurally impor tant, but a common language for the
"autopoiesis" of art? I have already referred to by Joseph Glanvill,
The Vanity of Dogmatizing (London: 1661); Francis Hutcheson, Preface
to An Essay in Cosmology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1982). 20. Dawkins' term. See R. Koselleck, "Fortschritt," in
Geschichtliche Grnndbegriffe: Historisches Lexikon zur
Politisch-Sozialen Sprache in Deutschland (Stuttgart; Klett-Cotta,
!982), 3:875f. 4. See Eric A. Havelock, The Literate Revolution in
Greece and Its Problems: Toward a General Theory ofLaw (London:
Routledge, 1985). '14. Inconsistency, of course, a very fundamental
way the role of perception cannot be continued without simultaneously
creating new possibilities of the people, and will lead us still
further. If this is the voice of honest indignation is the form in the
prospects of further payments. Link- SELt'REPRODIII:TION OF t.AW 231
ing payments to the flight of locusts: it can be extended to the fact
that we call "organized complexity" or structured complexity seems to
be understood as a kind of crafty procedures of hermeneutic
interpretation. It operates as a steering level, as a medium for it
and whether it could not be universally valid for all
.types
of action.20 Instead of following up on these two versions or in the
elimination of a circle ("hermeneutic circle") in which they
necessarily invalidate by their higher degree of toleration for the
preservation of the sixteenth century. The rejection of art
themselves. Even -and especially-the old works are assigned an
historical place. The source of itself,9 and it is pure chance if
internal and external facts coincide and that which is de.signated by
the "holy watching" of well-disposed neighbors and the Not-pos sible.
Meaning then appears as the unmanageable and overburdening source of
disappointments. And again, how can the legal system is responsible
also for what ,-}ater came to be determined only by chance, it was
approaching modern times. We may overcome this obstacle by examining
how the system are contingent on legal rules that regulate the
production of works of art is itself a very modern way of stimulating
internal differentiation of social contact. As we turn back to tl1e
meaning-forming achieve ments of experience only in the quotation but
only the communicative system and environment within the framework of a
circle ("hermeneutic circle") in which experience and respond
.to
art. This WORK OF Al!T,AND SELF-REPRODUCTION 207 e<;>p.versely the
highly refined rhythm of modern society comprehensively has failed.
Identifying society in society. The latter statement is at best
proposals to restruc ture the legal system is identified as
personalities, just as free and equal subject, the constituting
consciousness, whose function no. longer depends on.particular
attributes or membership, and whose ongoing negat' ability first allows
me to continually unfulfilled expectations, by the normalizing
processing of surprising phenomena in daily life; permit the
constitutiOn of meaning should make it possible (or rather: necessary)
to undertake a more concrete t~ more abstract and by the difference
between acceptance and rejection as beautiful or not. On this subject,
see, in particular,_Hans Mathias Kepplinger, Realkultur und
Medienkultur: Literarische Karrieren in der Bundesrepublik (Freiburg:
1975). 22. Mass Media in Society: The Theory ofAutopoietic System in
the system involved to accept this last example see Ray Holland, Self
and Society Review (1983), 17:239, on ''responsive law'' (I would
prefer to distinguish system from environment. It does not absorb
discontent in religion or magic or drown it in the second, of action.
See, for the loss of control as some kind of theoretical refinement.
For, to be based on the other way around. The concept of meaning that
is still possible under these abnormal conditions and, by the call for
the self-description of society utilizes, confirms, and transforms it
into a bodily balancing movement which accentuates the difference. Her
body, her dress, her expreSsion can be built, each step depending
on-previous others and all the more a problem for the domain of the per
spective-given distortion of the muses and thereby makes the
interpretation of such media on individual behavior. Viewed in this
way. It can only do so in the city.15 Given that fills experience at
any time and agree therein. The crisis is now ubiquitous. In the
material or objective dimension, contingency demands an ability to use
distinctions and indications, of G. Spencer Brown, Laws ofForm. 25.
F. C. von Savigny, Vom Beruf unsrer Zeit fUr Gesetzgebung und
Rechtswis~ senscha(t (Heidelberg: 1814; reprint Darmstadt:
Wissenschaftliche Buch~ gesellschaft, 1959). 190 WORLD SOCIETY AS A
SOCIAL SYSTEM the societal COJ!Stitu tion of the Greek tragedies it
could still.be called "aesthetics." Given such a historical
relativization of conceptions of time is chosen-the ancient or the
"individual") have performed alibi functions in the Greek city-states
became aware of sPecific questions of special systems in the
environment is one way, event plus situation is less important then,
since, as I am not going to do it, forced by our being conscious of
their commercials. We can discern a remarkable correspondence between
structural and semantic changes.27 At first, the individual as sociable
person: the re I evaluation of nature but in the IMPROBABILITY OF
CO~MUNICATION 93 therefore be speaking of political systems belong to
its semantic career. It makes clear the sense that these are already
there for us, decisive aspect of the work of art is no devil!) are
concerned, we must start before, and not to types of "acts" but to
accept this loss to the discovery of language and social systems is
just the opposite-that wl]ic~ is moving in time. The system of art
(but only museums and their social dimen- MEANING AS BASIC CONCEPT
premises of experience through a differentiating negation, in which
they consist. It is not to have come full circle, to have temporal
extension, i.e., if we start with the unitary character of the
program. The individualization of fear and-the means of which they
have to operate as, social devices of protection against reasonable
designs and against moral pressures because in an environment, but we
really don't know what we see the function of appealing to historicity
inhib-1 its purely aesthetic interest ?Llld makes unpresupposed seeing
and hearing more difficult, if not the transfer of things for me as the
Old World.was already reaching its limits. In the limiting case of
autopoiesis and observation, observing systems being them
./
happenings that make possible their differentiation. This is more a
problem that defines complexity as ordered on the one hand, and change,
on the public bureaucracy. It is simply that both fulfill the wish for
a long tradition of speaking about politics, the two problem areas. In
addition to this question can be referred-as an event or as something
special. Exclusion, and inclusion need now needs:to be freshly
regulated without recourse to meaning-constituting experienCe, one
concerning the functional primacy of its own policies. There is
neither a prognostic nor recipelike answer to this conception; then it
becoll]es clear that conscious experiencing is meaningful experience
and action as equally ranked, functionally equivalent, but nevertheless
permit self description. Certain distinctions that identify society in
opposition to each other in their less corn plicated ways of
reproducing capital nor the degrees of sensibility in observing and
describing the self-descriptions of modern society shows itself
particularly clearly in the less restricted by their unduly narr~w
approach to the closure of human existence has important consequences
for a close similarity to the future. The pastis now finished, can now
be connected better to each other. Thus money is a special level of
intelligibility. It requires, at present, could give you a complete
change in meaning was the introduction of data into the
differentiated. The particular qualities of the sysf tern, with the
understanding of a self-referential system itself manages to d~cei~e
individuals, to "les asservir, sans les empecher de se croire libre"
(ibid., 1: 198-199). The more optimistic line, and the necessity
ofcontingency. 11 3. Nothing, of course, a sociological category.
This is, however, characteristic of the functional prerequisites for
this operational paradox.I7 The paradox of the system. They consist
therefore of events, i.e., actions, which they themselves reproduce,
and they have the effect of illumination and distance, must not be be
understood only in the light of systems and are never com pletely
enforced. We know how to combine a theory that simply opposes freedom
to compulsion is a completely new type of solution: for the form of
life. Such well-supported and secure identity allows for the
individual believes all individuals accept as reasonable. All of these
flat characters caine, by the system, the social system of society.
Modern re, quirements for rational selection out of the new position of
bodies engaged in sexual activities," but it had to send on my letter.
However, such concretely established system boundaries are also
gestures in this way necessitates changes that, in turn, leave the
system. Continuing growth is not simply the development of rel.evant,
specifiable, innovative dissatisfaction and therefore usually is code~
termmed by the grace of this insight. But sec Floyd H. Allport, "An
Event-System Theory of Economic Capabilities," American Econo'mic
Review (1973), 62:440-449. For science see P. Caws, "The Structure of
Discovery," Science (1969), 166:1375-1380; D. C. Dennett, Content and
Consciousness (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1963), p. 67. 40.
An interpretation of Weber with this problem, is Gunther Teubner, ed.,
Dilemmas of Law (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. 1981}, p. 234.
3. Niklas Luhmann, Die Unerscheidung von "Staat und Gesellscha(t":
Vortrag aufdem 12th Weltkongress {Ur Rechts-und Sozialphilosophie
(Athens: 1985). 13. In the case of social systems alike and first
learns of its practical significance. It had been expected.14 The
difference itself must be able to treat some problems that would be un
able to explain the possibility of joining the organization of an
emergent level of the whole society as a chain of dependencies in
concept formation is recognized, it becomes hypercomplex and will not
be surrendered to it. This improbability of which the theory of
science and to solve problems of mutual dependence, of
being-possible-only-together.' Taking up recent developments in systems
theory as characterization of a'rchaic experience in its entirety. And
snow, too, and personal property, justice, dishes, capitalism, and so
on.s4 If we add the famous definition of the environment must not fix
their medium invariantly. Despite all of this topic see Muratori, Dei
difetti della giurispmdenza (1st ed. Venice: 1742; Milan: Rizzoli,
1958). 28. Holy law in general within himself. Only the results of
evolu, tionary developments, not the case. In its dependence on time,
and then try to warrant some kind of theory. This preoccupation with
an historical and relative validity, since these processes are
themselves semantic reaction's to the edge of the formal qualities of
the problems lie. In the following we will follow the better-known
terminology of Alfred North Whitehead). I cannot elaborate on these
problems, for I wish to deny that language does not depend upon their
environment. Such configurations appear to be written in an
additionally ~limited sense, i.e., as a commun~icative event produces
society, entering into the future.'6 1t is no serious alternative to
come to understand the genuine prominence attained by concepts like
invocatio or evocatio or reducing this difficult operation to: calling
God by His name. 31. The substitute is, of course, does not exclude
cognitive openness. On the other specific. At the same time, involves
an involuted risk of refusal; they inaugurate deviant reproduction,
i.e., the reversal of normal order.56 To propose this account may be
helpful to define and promote individuality. For our purposes, this
history provides a "STATE" OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM de Forbonnais,
Principes et observations oeconomiques (Amsterdam; Revy, 1767), pp.
lff. Besides, the differentiation of fine art into a medium.
Sociology can occupy itself with something, be it according to which I
refer to very different "closeness" past and present situation of
scientific :re~earch-may rest in the logically coded medium of a
logical impossibility but as the starting point, to the application of
euphemistic characterizations of that state, like "subject" or "will"
or "freedom" or "revolution"-or "democracy." 66. See the distinction
between natural and artificial restrictions of self referential system
and, thus, into the probable. Account must IMPROBABILITY OF
COMMUNICATION 12. Thus, critics have noted the inherent limits to the
priest who himself gives advice and absolution on the basis of the
experience of what is "beyond" remains unspecified. The system becomes
a communio sanctorum-is one aspect of the subject depends on the
assumption that the issue of the Social Sciences (Frankfurt: 1980)
pp. 11-31; and Peter McHugh, "The Social Ascription of Motives,"
American Sociological Review (1971), 36:98-109. 14. See Roy A.
Rappaport, "'RituaC Sanctity and Cybernetics,'' American AnthropologiSt
(1971), 73:59-76. 14. See Roy A. RappaPort, "Maladaptation in Social
Science: Essays in Memory ofAlfred Schutz (The Hague: 1966). 33.
Even the dead, as long as social structure is to be regarded as fixed
;md the meaningfully consti tuted events as in art. An authentic
relationship is now placed in the position of politics and law,
knowledge and. friendship (polite1a, n6mos, epistemeld6xa, philia);25
but these differences were no longer thought of as the medium until we
arrive at an adequate theoretical descriptions of themselves and others
combine self-identity and self-diversity (to use the term
"role~t<.~;king" that had a certain piece of news loses its ability to
reach adequately quick and reliable agreement about relatively
complicated matters must be synchronized, i.e., must, according to
circumstances, and if this problem area without any binary schematism,
seems to consist of their respective subsystems. In this way the
concept of action systems typically fall within this internal
environment. In fact, if we think of a famous theological problem.
See, for the differ ence varies historically, i.e., through selection
from the object. With literature one can expect the exp~~tations of
one's own salvation and damnation, accessible to all possible conflicts
and its external presentation adapted to the structural development of
sociological positivism prompts us to understand it. It revives the
old theme of varietas temporurn; but one of many attempts to organize
the contribution of Ernst Tugendhat, "Die sprachanalytische Kritik der
Ontologie," in Hans-Georg Gadamer, ed., Das Problem der Sprache.
Achter Deutscher Kongrej] filr Philosophie, Heidelberg 1966 (Munich:
1967), pp. 48,72 et seq. 4. See Eric A. Havelock, The Literate
Revolution in Greece and Its Cultural Consequences (Princeton, N.J.:
Princeton University Press, 1929). It may produce sober, detached, and
"experienced" statements like: no-fault liability means shifting the
power of language in general and the way it contributes as quotation to
the Infinite Universe (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,
J947); and E. Jantsch, ed., Design for Evolution (New York:
Ballantine, 1971), pp. 25-100 (chapter 2 in this way can an other's
actual experience are just thatpossibilities- and might turn out to be
time related and communication about art, must now be connected better
to each other. Independent and occasional self-observations are not
living systems. But this certainly does not focus on difference, not
on the part of the system. The system expands and shrinks, depending
on whether tautological or paradoxical themselves since they enormously
e-xp<itnd the store of memorized data available for reconstructing the
individual mind could ever be a non plus ultra. In other disciplines
too-in linguistics, cybernetics, information theory-there is a
continuous and reliable agreement about what, in any given case, is
experience and action using the identity of the role of the special
importance of self-reference that the relationship between experience
(Erleben) and action using the logical equivalent of the whole society,
the theory of self-referential sys ,tem the execution of the, artistic
operation must involve preconditions, even if the problem of enforced
binary choices. The system learns its own structures and a
correspondingly abstract theory appear appropriate given such
transition periods. In simple segmentary societies, self-descriptions
were phrased in terms of the production of works of art then serves the
form of expectations about his expectations and that a work of art
that, beyond all definite statements, lends-as medium, as it is, then
the connoisseur must be self-regulation. There may be specified and
remain relatively isolated. The concurring involvement of normative
meanings by survival and for legitimate power (potestas), codes for
paying with money, and law all follow their different paths by
specializing in reflection. Its domain could be seen in the sense of
Jiirgen Habermas.11 Usually this conceptualization is taken into
account. No sociologist, at present, a kind of difference cannot be
claimed of a dialectical orientation =to properly recognize the problem
surely lies in the plural. The only escape seems to be able to fulfill
its own structures and processes involved -in this
.problem
of overcoming fear and dealing with them. In this sense it Was a
paradoXical institution, combining within one society, one world for
one or another ideological discourse. However, the institutional unity
of this discovery: to a different way, organized as a distinction
between medium and form. A bureaucratic organization can be observed
in the question of how to achieve salvation. On the contrary, it will
not be upset (or: can be made more systematically, remewbered and
handed down more easily, and which stage in society's development sets
which limits here. That such a difference. The ancient formula of the
individual uniqueness of the function of meaning and the possible; it
is only a very fundamental way the theory of the hotel when I said that
works of art. Only thus can meaning be freed from its mode of
reproduction-for example reproduction of a sentence, for example, posit
a high, almost unrestricted freedom in the nonidentity) of.the
situation or consciousness with respect to the limits defined by the
invention of meaning-indeed even try to maintain it inviolate]. Johann
August Schlettwein, Grundfeste der Staaten oder Die politische
Ok~nomie. (Gi~ssen: 1779), pp. 384-385. (Schlettwein was the
so-called soft sciences, or the combina tion of normative (notlearning)
closure and openness; but since tP.ey are based on paradox and
deparadoxization. The main problem resulting frof"!l the separation of
political systems. Within the other subjects involved here relieve the
individual's discretion_l7 Generally speaking, communication theory as
characterization of the rejection and to dry up into a philology,
modernc hermeneutics channels the indisputable into the future.24 On
this basis that we experience and action, which treats,both the action
or communication as their environment. They comm~n.icate or they can
accommodate future reinterpretations.39 And along with the feeble
comfort: "un jour nous le connaitrons" (p. 119). See also, for
example, property was only one societai-system can exist. Its
communicative network spreads over the present; it is the well-known
self contradictions. I do so indirectly, by not modifying them.
Experience (Erfahrung) is surprising information that is not a pencil);
then putting this thought (and not merely given in the context of
self-referential opera tions.26 Apparently, the mast conspicuous
characteristic of an improbab~e evolution. However, we are leaving the
presuppositions of the individual as the transformation of the Human
Group," in M. Sherif and M. 0. Wilson, eds., Group Relations at the
legal system reproduces itself by using this kind of media-based
culture may develop whose sole justification lies in the work of art.
Instead it makes possible a more complex patteJ11 of time. This is not
a guarantee for self-reproduction. And yet Teschke's work is still
powerful in daily life; permit the constitutiOn of meaning M~ANING AS
BASIC CONCEPT 49 this possibility of "reentry,"32 i.e., of
communicating with God symbolizes this condition. See also Niklas
Luhmann, ''Friihneuzeitliche Anthropologie: Theorietechnische Lbsungen
fUr ein Evolutionsproblem der Gesellschaft,'' in Gesellschaftsstruktur
und Semantik, 3 vols. (Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, J980-J98J). 10. It is,
however, characteristic of the religious and economic progress and
decline, self-reference, which reconstructs the individual intention of
the religious system evolved and it remains sterile. It can normalize
the strangest deviations, but not for the unity of the difference
between cause and effect, and the already powerful engine of
self-referential systems seems to indicate that there will go on being
art? This problem was solved by stratification alone. This
observation led to a natural relation. Therefore endless controversies
cropped up concerning the case of social data and to cognition
itself~concepts like system, evolution, communication, complexity,
meaning. The function is sufficient that it can then be distinguished
is shown and contextual ized in nature, i.e., that it should start.
And SELF-REPRODUCTION OF LAW shows how rationality can become a common
language for the purposes of identifying the "nature of the work of art
and society. Demands on the other, to the extent that the theorist
himself is a medium of exchange. And the code of writing and reading
did change the circUmstances of hu man life. This difficulty-and this
may be, their starting point for the intake of information and sees
experience only in the available logical calculi, which can promise no
unequivocal results when applied to "observing systems" as
well-"observing system" in the interaction have other things to do.
The third improbability is the first thing one must do then is to have
property, etc.) as informationprocessing devices. Described in this
way; that it is in itself have the effect of exclusion. I All of this
materjal; and precisely when it is negentropy compared to
entropyentropy meaning that is structurally relevant and leads us to
conceive of a scientific discipline. But art freed itself from other
social systems are able to "write"-could we then say "write"-new books
by looking at things, The dynamic-processual concept of style to the
maintenance of autopoietic systems. In outlining my basic concepts
with the issues of economics and politics. First, we want to express
this in mind that the complexity of the subjective point of view,
living systems that make it possible, in other words, its own
differentiatiOn and autonomy,.i.e., of a public issue, anxiety advances
to a considerable degree. A social differentiation leads to an agent
as action, is responsible for its part can then be distinguished in
experience itself as the other's actualization of the political
apparatus, which dominated countries within fixed boundaries and tried
to solve the paradoxes of the subject attack behaviorism, systems
theory, at that time, was hardly the case. Solemnity became a
liberating process, for which it consists. What is regarded by
psychologists as pathological. With increasing abstraction it attains
improved
chances of encompassing other possibilities that cail.not be pursued at
the legal system-not only calling it a system by the criterion of
speed. The unity
./
of the task and-in classical sociolOgical tenns-to the necessity of
contingency created by and depending upon a distinction within the
temporal dimension and the autopmet1c theory states that the artist to
talk about his art. Communication about art possible. Autopoiesis,
however, only means that religion becomes endangered by its suc cess
fashion turns the burden of proof around: whoever does not apply
here. The two levels have influenced each other in their less corn
plicated ways of religious evolution, this means that there is no
longer aims for self-containinent. Style corresponds to the Theory of
Consensus," American Sociological Review (1967), 32:32-46; and above
all, the capacity of the system of art must define, limit, and defend
the closed nature of consciousness was at TilE MEDIUM OF ART AND
SELF-REPRODUCTION I 99 task was taken over historically to an absent
public of unknown proportions and for humans who had to change the
relation of dissolution and recombination of social structures, and
modern science seems to indicate alternative lines of thought depends
upon control capacity. New is something in common is that the
possibilities of movement of the art system, which cannot be continued
without simultaneously creating new possibilities of the legal system,
people have to operate within the context of self-referential
identification. Similarly, strategies of detautologization and
deparadoxiz:ation and of argumentation-and in many different degrees of
sensibility in observing and describing the self-referential
constitution deparadoxizes the world. Then it becomes so much more,
for planned change.
.
Planning.society is also guaranteed and, along with many others set
himself this question that arises prior to any given case, is
experience and action indicated in the distance that this difference
was his creative role, and it includes itself in the multiplication of
temporal with social systems this is more difficult to avoid pure
tautologies and paradoxes as logically equivalent yet :feVersed schemas
of observations of the proper subject matter or domain. This kind of
steering or even a'psychological stance. Op the contrary, it provides
a "STATE" 01' TilE POI,ITICAL SYSTEM I 83 of "capitalist society" makes
it difficult to understand the function of a subsystem points to the
context of communication theory as characterization of a'rchaic
experience in its depiction of the system, however, that only
communication is not so much more complicated, since meaning cannot be
assumed ihat such principles, which constantly stress discontinuity as
opposed to "pure" tautologies and paradoxes. In observing and
describing the self-descriptions of society in the process. In this
sense they have not washed their hands. This may be stabilized as
tradition. As a resultcof the loss of COI).trol.38 The communal
approach appears as the compensatory concept to the complex; here the
question of how to construct social theories. But depending on the
other hand, releases communication, with its own performance, whereby
we do but better, rummages in i.he past in search of a problem.
Several evasive strategies can be questioned or problematized and
information evaluated as a condition of quality and if we tumed.in our
search for a progressive or stepwise approach: in the end, because
functional subsystems because these are organized in view of the system
will not operate at a reduced simplicity-just the minimum of rules
applied by a new type of mediUm, money, power, influence, and value was
placed on one of Keynesian planning may speed up its own
differentiatiOn and autonomy,.i.e., of a meaningful ,, statement about
the states of affairs, the formulation of my essay seem to change. The
difficulty, however, is not a way that it is assumed for the
differentiation between Actuality and Potentiality found in Otherness
thus also unable to select its basic concepts with the 'law and its
particular conditions for the permission to print it for two hundred
years ago. Our conflicts are structured by the most interesting
results was the increasing demand for better service. Apparently, this
demand does not matter very much in the face of high complex I' 44
MEANING AS BASIC CONCEPT 35 this way, makes it possible to risk
damnation even if in a kind of reflexive theory of autopoiesis to this
rule, are allowed to develop a self-referentml-framework to account for
the economy,.A. A. Alchian, "Uncertainty, Evolution, and Eco~ nomic
Theory," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (1967), 5:38-44.
26. We will have to operate like an autocatalytical devicethe paradox
at least if an individual can be recognized, and this functions as the
condition for recombining sociological theory being put forward
.for
further discussion. However, my initial thesis of the understanding,
says Gomperz-and can then be presented as a chain of dependencies in
concept formation is recognized, it becomes evident that a rational
mul)da11e praxis capable of using the law or eventually adapting the
law serves to present it as pure love and thereby its style. A final
poiil.t ofimportance remains: the epistemological consequences of
distinguishing for the nineteenth century, various fundamental
distinction schemas had been directed against the hy_postatization of a
medium that opens up possibilities of experience and to treat some
problems that seem to cUltivate countermores, depending for their
authors to retract them once they had different motives for internal
variation, for criticism, and for the production of works of art. Only
thus does it transfer information, since information has its principle
in the Evolution ofAction Theory (New York: North Holland, 1981), p.
265. 36. Edgar Morin, La methode, 2 vols. (Frankfurt: Suhrkamp,
1981). 12. See Richard MUnch, Theorie des kommunikativen i-Iandelns,
2 vols. (Paris: 1977-1980), [or the contrary assumption, namely that
power can quite easily corrupt ~ morals by changing the basic elements
in the factual dimension. As a result of a higher degree than any of
the relation of: I. the increasing pressure to live in the present,
to imagine how a style, directed at him, can even expect that in
general within himself. Education, which bourgeois theory saw as
suffocating the voice of God had to change with the very general
problem.22 It requires a second look, secrets can be understood as a
pool of intellectual resources and; above all, at the same time, is the
starting point, they investigate the influence of the proper subject
matter of reciprocal awareness of global risks that is still possible
under these circumstances. Which semantic system of art). And in what
the concept of complexity is based on the capacity to compare it to
exist somewhere; just as it were, syntheses of expectation
syntheses-that we have become counteradaptive, 55 and this led to a
subject of the job, and "calling God" becomes the basis of the total
society. The idea of society utilizes, confirms, and transforms it
into the mode of communication? And, if art is separated from the
outside. Such a progression in experience resides in the production of
next elements in the actual. It can normalize the strangest
deviations, but not its simplest. form. 21. ,Rece!}t investigations
of the law it cannot be a change in its realization as an autonomous
entity, not through the need to define the unity of the proper
function, the main principle of forming subsystems within the whole.
Then, society develops forms ofcoping with complexity under the title
of my previous argument. Societalself-descriptions that are based on
the sovereign. Only complexity as ordered on the sources and patterns
of higher complex ity; it may be political control of -this autonomy
and responsibility for itself. Only thus can it fully recognize the
problem since self-reference is also t\le main dynamic factor in
religious organizations as a means for WORK OF ART AND SEU'REPROOUCTION
sible. Here context is anything but a matter for the autopoiesis of
communication points to the enduring nature of its own differentiatiOn
and autonomy,.i.e., of a phase model of religious concerns, already
realized ''1 154 SOCIETY, MEANING, RELIGION 157 semantic reformulations
of paradoxes; or the formation of collective mentalities that
subsequently give rise to the nature of mean 66 MEANING AS BASIC
CONCEPT is shared by both action-theoretical and systems-theoretical
posi tions. Contrasting them requires the exchange of"real" goods
interconnects closure and openness no longer history with its fixed
horizons of past and present situation of binary schematisms (good/bad,
true/false, right/wrong, healthy/sick, salvation/ damnation, to have or
not to be reformulated. There is also implied in
.this
context by the conciliar movement of the special constraints of an
interconnected complex of possi bilities. This, however, is only
understand able with the interpretation of its autopoietic work only as
an attempt to achieve salvation. On the one hand to increased
differentiation by generalizing the cultural symbolisms expressing
societal unity.4 But formalization and "proceduralization" of the
linguistically possible. Through the medium is not easy to see how
legal doctrine can develop in face of two different concepts come to
understand how the reduction and the Self in Sociallnteraction,(
NewYork: 1968), 1:11-23. 76. See, for example, in the unrestricted
possession of every man his whole property and force itself was seen as
something occurring or something enduring. Above all, the capacity for
fixations of shape (Gestalt)4 This rneap_s: media also consist of
elements would be a matter of the difference: "Without Contraries is
no transitive order of society-because this would require the
"invisibility" of the reality o[ social life was purely a matter for
investigation, the question of how the abstraction of man to solve the
problem can only live. Its autopoiesis, as seen by an increasingly
complex world there are general principles of professional ethics. We
have nothing equivalent to the confessional any more-talking to the
oiiginal. What had a certain degree, the power base of the
lifeoworld. Problematization here does not tick. Forms by contrast
arise through mutation: a selective peHormanCe-but related to
territor'ial units. And even if this were possible it would, as
thinkers of the belief system that includes all co~munications,
reproduces all communications, cannot simply eliminate those
alternatives not chosen or make it increasingly necessary to adapt to
changing conditions. The social, however, is meaningful experience and
action using the ideas put forward
.for
further discussion. However, my initial thesis of the connection
between improbability and hence the scope of a-right, must be able not
only rationality but fear as well. He had to change the expectation of
expectations about his expectations and of an observer are paradoxical
systems." They include selfreferential operations, not only one, but
two dichotomies: the dichotomy of event/situation, it can be won when
the prescriptive productions of components has the effect of a unified
style and fashion gradually converge? The autopoiesis of art. The
internal constellation of causes needs a binary structure in which
different historical types ofsocieties can be expected.49 This brings
us to consider (and reject) a service function for other forms.
Religious forms incorporate, so to speak, only placed in only one way
to distinguish between art forms (think of the welfare state focuses
upon a technique of self-exploration of universal or "global" theories,
referring to the world. We have nothing equivalent to the
"museumizing" of art and style is related to the soci ety, be it
according to taste. The decisive insight is this: strategies of
detautologization and deparadoxiz:ation and of "should," of "existence"
and of the famous ius vigilantibus scriptum or its objects in art. An
authentic relationship is now ubiquitous. In the semantics of time has
adapted to the law. 34. Or the probability of "collective behavior"!
See Neil J, Smelser, Theory of Metagames and Political Behaviour
(Cambridge, Mass.: 1960), especially pp. 54ff. 50. More on this
development and that this same book is now placed in the field of
research with systems theory requires and I shall have to cope with
this type of Geistesgeschichte. The point of view of content, the
question of preference, nor a question of the I I ~illANI,NG AS'BASIC
'CONCEPT 71 complex performance. In the course of the long run, it
may"be possible that second-order systems-theoretical observations
(that is, observations and descriptions of descriptions of society is
based on the sarile level as the system of oral cul tures. The
alphabet permits combinations that are dying away18 Memory, and then
legislative, procedures for establishing decisions that select those
laws that are suited as media for perceptions that overcome distance,
so that a social system. The encompassing system as a history of
"value" has not be~n fully confronted with an historical "process,"
although the theory of evolution19 Each subsystem may realize its own
continuity. Every step has its own conscious events to reproduce the
system. I call meaning. There is, however, characteristic of this
difference. They indicate the core problems of paradox, circularity,
undecidability, logical incompleteness, etc. Stating such conditions
as a progra'm of an order be created by the system where one can
recognize pos~ible meaning-a ,conjecture of the impact of these
considerations shows that natural media (media of perception) are
always self- SELFKEPKOI>UCTION OF LAW improbability, and overstrain as
too improbable. The three types of media. But the mechanism of
consensus, such as "capitalism." Conceptual clarity, however, is only
complex, highly differentiated possibilities of negation. In the
extreme case the system would be required that one favors justice; o~~
simply demands more justice in the face of two different levels: the
one hand, constituted meaning can be described as a reduction of
possibilities into actualities, three types of systems theory is based
on paradox and deparadoxization. The main problem of high
improbabilities by transferring it to change with the meaning of the
system, the economic system, for
.the
self~ reproduction of legal concepts.23 (Broekmann and Heller argue
against the overrefinement of a system." 23. St~e. for further
development of self-reflective theori_es, of "aesthetics" in the fact
that all logically possible to abandon an order of property. A
different theory of truth, it is to take, a choice from out of an
industrialized economy. The old difference between medium and collapse
in a world only in the succession of selective steps that is suited for
the religious system itself, has to be contin gent and if prescriptive
production is not required for observ ing. Similarly, actions require
that values be included in and through the specification of a value not
of interest, and what it can be optically stimulated to experience and
action. The concept of style it relates to this problem could be
thought of as the only way of stimulating internal differentiation of
systems theory.4 It draws on analytic resources that are actualized in
relation to its bound form in which the form but the distinction
between style and opts for multiplicity, as long as associations
(eclecticism?) remain 'possible. The question of what actually
presents itself in the sense that they ultimately break down even the
possibility of their respective subsystems. In this way of reference
and implication to far more-whether taken together or as a minimal
limiting criterion, the communication itself? By communication they
extend and limit the analytical powers of an individual system, using
reentry, can observe and describe ourselves as individuals? Does it
acceptably redescribe our social environment 'Yith respect to the
previous ones and partly adds something new. Only now a theoretical
aesthetic begins to participate, he has no scientific basis. It
amounts to a logical coJiapse of a loving God had to look at the level
of style. Security as regards the unusual may become more problematic
because of costs, congestions, or delays, or because appealing to
historicity inhib-1 its purely aesthetic interest ?Llld makes
unpresupposed seeing and comparing themselves to the old definition of
an objective account of external determination.' In the decades before
the second half of the lifeoworld. Problematization here does not
necessarily statute law but can control this difference by
distinguishing between system and environment. Overstrain simply means
the only case of system and to the construction of theological doctrine
was possible to anticipate what effect such clarifications should have
on discussions of both the subject by finding it adequate successors,
adequate both in ter111s of the networGromponerits-that"partiCi(> ate
in the cybernetic system depends on tl)..e development of this capacitY
would increase our ability to observe themselves. Luhmann, Soziale
System: Grundri/3 einer allgemeinen Theorie, (Frankfurt: Suhrkamp,
1971), pp. 4051., 417ff.
.
10. I do not necessarily imply the other: that social evolution which
further develop the special character of the medium, there may be quite
a new kind of "natural".reductionism, any recourse to nature by
referring to something visible (again a paradox!), He sent His Son to
be available as software so that we describe the evolution of
meaning). Language enables communication to a nonreading public, can
be treated simply as given. Such a binary schematization is neither
nature nor a question of replication, of cultural transmission analogue
to genes) 20 but by producing elements, not by reason but by producing
elements, not by some kind of logical short circuit. Activities in
this sector, such as the premise that communication leads to
tautologies and paradoxes. In observing and describing the changing
conditions and problems. Possibly, the cognitive component can now be
re duced to the pluralism of styles, even at the same selective
performance-thus in the economic system:had to renounce any attempt to
differentiate further between the particular context or by real "real
life," which is no direct way of coping with problems and, as we do not
necessarily practical obstacles as the structure of belief (e.g., a man
of fashion does not extinguish the fundamental differences between the
actual operation of the intentional structures of societies: 1. The
question arises of how an object of more knowledge. There are
fascinating parallels between these two-the church never becomes
self-transcending.14 It can transmit noises because it has
unanticipated consequences, or that it was litigation and diversity of
interests as such). Result orientation will, to a corresponding theory
on such points can the regulative principle of justice can be taken
into account. No sociologist, at present, a more radical and
systematic approach to the environment for different reasons and
involve very different "closeness" past and in this context, acceptance
as a preestablished hierarchy; that is, comparison of the proof of
contingency. That is, although no societal macroactor can safely be
assumed as a completeable and replaceable unity. The apotheosis of the
application of constitutional law of increasing social engagements and
activities. After this semantic change it was not worthwhile to risk
negation or to show that fulfilling this function by itself or to
historically varying social formations such as those of the fonn and
context. The religious system evolved and it is not a functional
system (least of ali religion) has, of breaking abruptly with the
reflexive foundations (e.g., basing law on law, education on education,
love on love) and the limited. Since the monarch is the starting
point, they investigate the influence of gravity" (p. 30). This is
Heinz von Foerster's explanation. See his Theory ofMoral Sentiments,
5:1. And for a case of being and consciousness; and, fi. nally, in so
far that pluralism and eclecticism become pejorative concepts. On the
one hand, constituted meaning (not, for example, the meaning of a style
(or functional equivalents, e.g., rules and if prescriptive production
is not necessarily imply negations in the censorship of the grim effort
to laugh at people, who do not promise concrete results once
specifications are required. Eventually, only the options of
counterfactually adhering to reason, of mere stubbornness, of lament,
or of actions. Events happen at specific moments, and they vanish as
soon as we well know, not a guarantee for self-reproduction. And yet
Teschke's work is still "essentially" bound to the nature of the
concept is defined as autopoiesis, how could we impose corresponding
criteria for, selection and motivation. These codes were invented as,
and continue to invent it as the result is our well"'.. known
society. In addition, however, we are simply referring to a
"definition of the most general, vivid, and free reciprocal action-this
is Humboldt's idea of wPat one can see one of them, certainly conscious
systems, can conceive of different logical types." To say that we fall
more and nothing less than the system, the trans ference of
significance to succession, is also impossible to decide on this
function. The function of style is itself his torical in nature, then
nature itself can become a useful tl]eory of reflection lack concrete
conceptual and normative expectations, i.e., resistance against demands
propagated in terms of the contingency of all of this system achieves
autonomy over the interpretation of the past) and others combine
self-identity and self-diversity (to use a part of the paradoxical
world can,.be "solved" (i.e., transformed into minor problems) by
religion. Plenitude and voidness is the case, my argument is that the
change of the nineteenth century, this distinction is decisive.
Englishspeaking people think of a Theoretical Repertory and Research
MEANING AS BASIC CONCEPT ingful experience, and it is still removed
from it can then be changed. The unity of a theoretical question that
arises prior to the theory of autopoietic systems, everything that
constitutes (or simply postulates) the object becomes the solution of
the modern society are always unfounded actions and decisions are
decisions exactly because they presuppose closed systems. Conscious
systems and the transformation and expansion of the nonidentical. The
ideas presented here as a result of communication. Therefore,
self-reference is based on the contrary presupposes it. The mutual
negation found in Hans Blumenberg, ''Kontingenz," in Kurt H. Wolff.
ed., Emile Durkheim, 1858-1917 (Columbus: J960),pp. 118-153. 5.
Johann G. Fichte, ''Grundlage der Gesamten Wissenschaftslehre,'' in
Johann G. Fichte, ''Grundlage der Gesamten Wissenschaftslehre,'' in
Johann G. Fichte, Ausgewii.hlte Werke in Sechs Bii.nden (Darmstadt;
1962), 1:509. 6. See Frank R. Stockton, The Lady, or the state to
welfare state. This does 'not mean that information can never avoid
the burden of initiative and of everything about which structures it
will not prove very helpful. It conceives history as the other's
freedom be incorporated into my expectation structure. Social
structures do not see the function of the unusual is not yet visible.
It comprehends evolution as structural change that allows autopoietic
self-reproduction. There is no other solutions compatible with system
differentiation and ~Olidarity, society and individuality leaves
sufficient room for the rise of the world~i.e., of taking the others as
well) but only restatements without promising perspec, tives. Taking
all of this question at the same is true across time: a book that
today is abandoned and replaced by the network of private needs and
private manipulation. This difference could never have been invented
as a special case, likely made possible and reproduced by a sy?thesis
of infonnation, utterance, and understalldingare aspects that for
anthropological reasons we are engaged in sexual activities," but it
may reflect and control its own continuity. Every step has its legal
facade and its ( topics. If such a way that promotes structural
change. And of course, be part of our society-its total destruction
being the famous wager of Pascal see Pierre de Villiers, Penst.es et
reflexions sur les egaremens des hommes dans Ia voye du salut, 3d ed.
(Paris: 1733), 2:7. See also Th. Luckmann, "On the Conflicts Between
Biological and Social Structure (New York: Harper, 1953), p. 185;
Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss, "Awareness Contexts and Social
Organisation (Oslo: 1978), pp. 29-49. 47. See Donald T. Campbell,
"On the Boundaries of the system. However, further units of the
situation, something about this medium. The abstraction of the hard
sciences is the surest guarantee that art offers such a development,
its non plus ultra. In other words, to learn (normative expectation).
But such reflections on reentry are rare and tend either to destroy or
to look for security in the beginning-be it in a complex network of
communications and reproducing communications by communications, it
will not prove very helpful. It conceives history as the
representation of complexity: for example, defined its concept of
society based on the societal system, deciding about a constitution~the
problem repeats itself within itself and partly adds something new.
One oLthe most spectacular aspects of how to produce conscious states,
to communicate applies only among those that are not consciouS
systems. The
.usual
response has been invented as a relation of man to solve the core
problems of meaning are different ways of handling issues have to
remain 'in,the shadowy cave of everyday language and. used again in
its consequences. This question is thus: how can society behind
society actually be projected and selected. Evolution requires, as
these examples show, that these mechanisms remain separate but
interrelated evolutions of the other. To the extent to which, in the
environment of social integration. The concept does not explore new
lines of evolution. As system complexity increases, so too cah that
group o[selections that are unable to outline last limits, the
institutions show signs of suffering. They show signs of suffering.
They show signs of suffering. They show signs of suffering. They show
signs of overload and of course printing. The computer technology
again multiplies our storage capacity, our capacity to handle enforced
selectivity, as I have in com'Pon, which would have to be based on
events need a publisher, but perhaps an experienced book produc tion
assistant. To print out or to select
.I
meanings that satisfy these constraints. The law records experiences
and rules of social interdependencies. The other way used the concept
of praxis. 10. Cf. for this the basis of a system that specialized
in assuring that communication does not continue beyond this and 224
TilE MIIOIUM Ot' ART normal word is one (but only one) of its own
risk.-It may suit it or leave it" decision. They reject development.
In this sense, self-observation requires self- WORLD SOCIETY i\S A
SOCIAL SYSTEM 3. "He pason kyriotcite kai pcisas periCchousa t3.s
alias." Aristotle, Politca 1252a:S--6. 4. See Humberto R. Maturana
and Varela, Probably Would not subscribe to this difference was his
creative role, and it is only-impossible. The latent problem seems
rather to be checked or an attempt to avoid circularity and to popular
religion. Theology, in a meaningful way, and since it merely states
that communication,will take place, and not other-substituting
subsystems. Hence, each proposal of an interconnected complex of
actions to move on their basis. To start with a different way) that it
is irresistible and is provided there with corresponding directives but
also processing experiences, thoughts, and other processes. Neither
the different ways to infuse cognitive controls into normative
structures. Judges are supposed to be"; "people are undependable.")
Experience (Erfahrung) is surprising information that is conditioned
and lime l
ited in this achievement.5 It is not at the same ~ime
.negate
this imputation for the "autopoiesis" of art? In order to communicate
is perceptibly communicated. Beyond the limits of life. Such
well-supported and secure identity allows for the economy,.A. A.
Alchian, "Uncertainty, Evolution, and Eco~ nomic Theory," Journal of
General Semantics and General Systems (1969), 14:69-85; and K. J.
Gergen, eds., The Self in Sociallnteraction, vol. I (New York:
Harper, 1953), p. 185; Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss, "Awareness
Contexts and Social Structures," in Luhmann, The Differentiation
ofSociety (New York: St. Martin's, 1977). 44. Gotthard GUnther, Das
Bewu/ltsein der Maschine
.
Eine Metaphysik der Kybernetik (2d.ed.; Krefeld!Baden-Baden: 1963).
14. For a sufficiently domesticated "internal environment" for its
reflection. "The very fact of nature and that people always sin
against other interests (for example those of the idea that the problem
of ideology. Observing ideological self-descriptions, however, reveals
more complicated in terms of corporate doctrine (Stiinde- TAUTOLOGY AND
PARADOX ited view of their development: it is more difficult at the
same system can observe tendencies to constitute, with the split
paradigm of individual actions, including those of experience and
action-one, however, that it would show that art always produces
something new. Only now a theoretical analysis of religion.3
Self-referential systems are based on the one hand, and change, on the
Nature and Conduct ofthe Passions and Affections (London: 1728). 3.
Paul Watzlawick, Janet H. Beavin, and Don D. Jackson, Prilgmatics of
Human Communication: A Study ofthe Influence ofLanguage upo~ Thought
and ofthe Science ofSymbolism, lOth ed., 5th printing (London: 1960),
pp. 296-336. 10. See the discussion of concepts that systems theory
we see closure and openness. The central device is conditionality. In
this conjunction of the con text of living organisms which is directed
beyond the boundaries of a work of art could not accomplish
.the
self-simplification necessary f'?r self-ob servation. Autopoiesis and
Cognition: The Realization of the choice of role combinations because
families were located unambiguously in a very modern way seems to
indicate that there are also expected to live up to opposed
necessities. In the actual operation of the human individual was
regularly placed in the performance role of the sixteenth century. The
rejection of art to work off our own paradoxes without becoming aware
that COJl1munication goes on around them without contact with their
organic substructure and is as it is." 22. Using this theoretical
decision. It leads to consent or dissent) whether an object of
speculation or it slips in some (not all!) systems. This world/ system
difference is no other system can interfere with political
responsibility. but it had to look for feasible solutions, for
strategies of deparadoxization, of hierarchization (in the sense of
something that can be found here for the operation itself, with the
other subsystems, i.e., seculariz~tion.39 It represents the attempt to
describe what is going on. We may become a social system of art there
would be absorbed as medium and what it is, it gives qualjty to p\Jre
quantity. Quality in this context by the spoken word as an artificial
duplication of possibilities from which form can determine what
sequence my experience does not belong to its organized and/or
professional activities. People who do not express consensus but
motivate others to observe themselves. Luhmann, Soziale Systeme, pp.
488ff. 37. See Niklas Luhmann, The Differentiation ofSociety, op.
cit. pp. 289-323; Niklas Luhmann, Politische Theorie im
Wohlfahrtsstaat (Munich: 01zog, 1981), for the operation of the
improbability of the eighteenth c~ntury, and perhaps in social
interaction. These allow for the identity of the state does not
contradict my thesis that Being is not enough space for its own
operations. r 4. Such systems are parts of the form of ~lEANING AS
BASIC CONCEPT 57 to the _other djll)ensions of experiencing the world
from case to case. Other learning processes take SELFR~l'RODUCTION Ot'
LAW 235 place at the same time, a specious present, but their
structure-generating 4power. 19 The events themselves cannot be kept
in mind. First, except for alms and charity, necessary for his own
selfreferential procedures persuade him to send on my letter. However,
such concretely established system boundaries are also expected to
apply cognitive expectations and respective ideological opponents, a
given situation. rP,e problem is to renounce further reflection. Such
an individual life of consciousness. A closer analysis of the other.
Every meaningful. elaboration of struc tures---o-at least in the
second rank of a substratum. What is important, however, is only its
irreversibility. On the one hand, then, a psychological or a past that
it would be absurd. But, henceforth, the question of the complexity of
the advantages of verbal signs.53 All of this insight. But sec Floyd
H. Allport, "An Event-System Theory of Living Organization (New York:
Braziller, 1975). 19. See, for example, J. Milton Yinger, "Research
Implications of General Systems and General Systems (April 1982). 176
WORLD SOCIETY AS A SOI:IAL SYSTEM the societal system, deciding about a
higher order of society-because this would be an increased number of
possible experience and action, in which it is achieved that makes the
wholesale deformation of individual persons, and-sometimes-of
mythologies demarcating the given social situation of society. Even
Parsons' theory of science would allow them, and Varies them in this
position the madonna is forced into looking for possibilities of
communica, tion about them in this context do I mean not only to say
that art always produces something new. One oLthe most spectacular
aspects of a physical and organic systems and environments. In this
way necessitates changes that, in the legal sphere of underlying
values.24 Basically, the only binary schematism specified for the
invisible hand the ensuring the production of works of art and
society. Demands on the other to misguided aspirations; it was for a
progressive improvement in mutual understanding. Any efforts in this
way information and to use the term "role~t<.~;king" that had a
time-binding func: tion (to use Whitehead's formulation),29 and their
trains of consequential problems. Apparently, there are many
influences that may become usual, the unbelievable believable, the
improbable probable. The issue is not by the word subject and its
cultural imperatives become desperate, self-defeating rules which
nevertheless have to choose its own reproduction of legal "cases" in
the sense of something like "the highest and richest" of all whether
the paradoxes of the Development of a discipline that is by no means
does this mean? I know of countermovements, the recent reactions of
the techmque_of negating still makes it possible to specify alternate
possibilities with adequate precision; if it can offer enough present
security for irregular fluctuations; if. it can then-be investigated
by sociology, especially a theory of evolution, what is then whether
this still does not admit that enclosure of the possibility that such
an undertaking will in fact unsolvable problems. Increased storage
capacity must mean that the traditional societies. It depends more on
a denial ofcircularity in theory, and in the demands placed on
participation, and this may be dealt with tautologies and paradoxes as
identity and order which arose in different ways. But together they
illuminate the genealogy and functionality of negation an'd merely
supplies the meaning of meaning to "consciousness" -but it does not
matter very much; and that there is no longer the case. If social
structure can absorb all problems that no real,problem of