EVALUATION METHOD:

Present = 10%
Task = 20 %
Mid Test = 30 %
Fina Test = !0%
T"ta = 100%
1
HEAT T#AN$FE#
#e%eren&e:
1' Heat transfer,J.P. Holman
2' Introduction to Heat transfer( Frank P Incropera and David P. DeWitt
3' Perpindahan Kalor( Arkopriyono
)*at is *eat trans%er+
Heat tras%er ,"r- *eat is ener./ in tras0it d1e t" a te2erat1re de%%eren&e'
H"3 is *eat transe%erred+
)*ene4er t*ere e5ist a te2erat1re de%%eren&e in a 0edi10 "r 6et3een
0edia'
)*/ is it i02"rtant t" st1d/ it+
As en.ineers it is i02"rtant t*at 3e 1nderstand t*e physical mechanism
3*i&* 1nderie ,mendasari- t*e *eat trans%er 0"des and t*at 3e a6e t" 1se
t*e rate e71ati"ns t*at 71anti%/ t*e a0"1nt "% ener./ 6ein. trans%erred 2er
1nit ti0e'
)*en a te02erat1re .radient e5ist in a stati"ner/ 0edi10( 3*i&* 0a/ 6e a s"id "r a
%1id( 3e 1se t*e ter0 conduction t" re%er t" t*e *eat trans%er t*at 3i "&&1r a&r"ss
0edi10' In &"ntrast( t*e ter0 convection re%ers t" *eat trans%er t*at 3i "&&1r 6et3een
a s1r%a&e and a 0"4in. %1id 3*en t*e/ are at di%%erent te02erat1res' T*e t*ird 0"de "%
*eat trans%er is ter0ed thermal radiation' A s1r%a&es "% %inite e00it ener./ in t*e %"r0
"% ee&tr"0a.neti& 3a4es'
2
LE8TU#E I
1'1' 8ONDU8TION HEAT T#AN$FE#
A temperature gradient exists in a ody i! t"ere is an energy trans!er !rom t"e "ig"#
temperature region to t"e lo$er#tempereture ragion.%"e energy is trans!ered y conduction
and t"e "eat rate per unit area is proportional to t"e normal temperature gradient&
Iron rod "as lengt" x' on t"e le!t side rod is "eated and t"en t"e "eat conducts to t"e rig"t side
until it raise temperature %
1
and t"e "eat t"roug" out (
)egative gradient means decreasing temperature to lengt"
$"ere& * + "eat trans!er rate ,Watt + Joule-sec.
/
( )
0x
0%
A k
0x
% %
A k *
1 2
=

=
T
0
T
1
x
7
T
0
T
T
1
x
Te02erat1re 2r"%ie
a s"id 6ar
T
0
T
1
x
9
*
loss

a ody
T
2
7
* 1 %
1
2 %
2
or
* 1 2,%
2
3%
1
.
* 1
* 1
* 1 A
* 1 k
0x
*
loss

A
T
0
T
1
x
k a ody
T
2
7
0x
A
k
k + t"ermal conductivity ,W-m
o
4.
A + a plane $all o! area ,m
2
.
0% + t"e temperature di!!erance ,
o
4.
0x + lengt" o! eam ,m.
1'2' 8ONVE8TION HEAT T#AN$FE#
W"ere& * + "eat trans!er ,Watt.
" + convection "eat#trans!er coe!!icient ,W-m
2

o
4.
A + sur!ace area ,m
2
.
%
$
+ $all temperature ,
o
4.
%
5
+ !ree !lo$ temperature ,
o
4.
1'3' #ADIATION HEAT T#AN$FE#
$"ere& 6

+ sur!ace emitted po$er ,W.

7 + 8te!an#9olt:mann constant
+ ;.<= > 1?
2@
W-m
2
4
A
A + sur!ace area ,m
2
.
%
s
+ asolute temperature o! a lack ody ,
o
4.
B C 6 6 =
A
s
7.A.% 6 =
radiation
A
sur
7.A.% C =
irradiation
A
. , .

= T T A h q
w
%
5
Flo$
%
$
A
D
5
u
$all
*
%
sur
+ ?
a lack ody
6
A
%
s
A
. .
s b
T A E =
%
sur
a lack ody
C
A
%
s
6
. % 7.A.,% 6
A
sur
A
s sur s
=

ideally -
on a lack ody
W"ere& 6
s#sur
+ net ,netto. emitted po$er de!erence
7 + 8te!an#9olt:mann constant
+ ;.<= > 1?
2@
W-m
2
4
A
A + sur!ace area ,m
2
.
%
s
+

sur!ace temperature ,
o
4.
%
sur
+ surrounding %emperature ,
o
4.
6*uation aove can e modi!ied as !ollo$&
$"ere &
E
F
+ emissivity !unction
F
C
+ geometric Fvie$ !actorG !unction
1'!' $UMMA#:
%
sur
+ surrounding temperature ,
o
4.
%
$
+ $all temperature ,
o
4.
%
5
+ !luid temperature ,
o
4.
E5a02e 1;1' 8"nd1&ti"n &ase
;
. % 7.A.,% F F 6
A
sur
A
s C E sur s
=

6 * *
conv cond
+ =
. % 7.A.,% F F . % "A,%
dx
d%
kA
A
sur
A
s C E $
$all
+ =

%
5
Flo$
%
$
A
D
5
u
*
cond
*
conv
$all
6
%
sur
Hne !ace o! a copper plate / cm t"ick is maintained at A??
o
I' and t"e ot"er !ace is maintained
at 1??
o
I. Ho$ muc" "eat is trans!er t"roug" t"e plateJ
8oution&
Average temperature ,%
A
.
I 2;? I
2
1?? A??
2
% %
%
o o 2 1
A
=
+
=
+
=
From t"e tale A& !or copper
Iu 1??
o
I A??
o
I Dnit
k /=K /</ W-m
o
I
For !inding t"ermal conductivity at average temperature %
A
+ 2;?
o
I y interpolation&
. k ,k
% %
% %
k k
1?? A??
2 1
2 A
1?? 2;?

+ =
. =K / ,/</
?? 1 ?? A
?? 1 ;? 2
/=K

+ =
,W-m
o
I +W-m
o
4.
. 1< ,
?? /
;? 1
/=K + =
,W-m
o
I.
/=1 . @ ,/=K = =
,W-m
o
I.
0x
0%
A k *
2;?
=
0x
% %
k
0x
0%
k
A
*
1 2
2;? 2;?

= =
( )
2 2
A
2 # o
m
W L
/.=1
m
W
1? /=1
m 1? /
I A?? 1??

I m
W
/=1 = =

=
o
E5a02e 1;2' 8"n4e&ti"n &ase
Air at 2?
o
I lo$s over a "ot plate ;? y =; cm maintained at 2;?
o
I. %"e convection "eat#
trans!er coe!!icient is 2; W-m
2
4. Ialculate t"e "eat trans!er.
8olution&
From )e$tonMs la$ cooling
<
%
1
+
A??
o
I
%
2
+ 1??
o
I
A
0x + / cm
%
5
+ 2?
o
I
Air !lo$
%
$
+ 2;?
o
I
A
*
conv
;? cm
=; cm
. % ,% A . " *
$
=
( ) kW 2.1;< I 2?. ,2;? m ?.=; ?.;? .
I m
W
2;
o 2
2
= =
E5a02e 1;3' #adiati"n *eat trans%er
%$o in!inite lack plates at @??
o
and /??
o
I exc"ange "eat y radiation. Ialculate t"e "eat
trans!er per unit area.
8olution&
%
1
+ @??
o
I
+ , 2=/ N @?? .
o
4 + 1?=/
o
4
%
2
+ /??
o
I
+ , 2=/ N /?? .
o
4 + ;=/
o
4
. % 7.A.,% 6
A
2
A
1 2 1
=

. % 7.,%
A
6
A
2
A
1
2 1
=

( )
2
A A @ #
m
kW
<K.?/ . ;=/ .,1?=/ 1? ;.<<K = =
Any *uestionsJ
=
%
1
+ @??
o
I
%
2
+ /??
o
I
Thank you
Thank you