1

ChapLer Lleven
uenluons and ConcepLs ln Lhe lleld of Pearlng
lmpalrmenL
Pearlng lmpalrmenL
ulsordered hearlng
Pearlng sensluvlLy loss
uescrlbed ln range from mlld Lo profound
ueaf/deafness
nonfuncuonal hearlng, federal denluon refers Lo Lhe
educauonal lmpacL due Lo Lhe hearlng loss
Pard of hearlng
8esldual hearlng ablllLy
Mlnlmal hearlng loss
ulmculLly hearlng aL a dlsLance or wlLh background nolse
ueaf CulLure
1he Lerm ueaf wlLh a caplLal u refers Lo lndlvlduals who
ldenufy wlLh Lhe ueaf culLure
2
3
2
Classlcauons of Pearlng Loss
Conducuve hearlng loss
Sound Lransmlsslon ls blocked ln Lhe mlddle or
ouLer ear
Sensorlneural hearlng loss
lnvolves Lhe lnner ear (cochlea) and/or Lhe audlLory
nerve
Mlxed hearlng loss
Comblnauon of conducuve/sensorlneural loss
CenLral hearlng loss
uysfuncuon ln Lhe cenLral nervous sysLem
AudlLory neuropaLhy/audlLory dys-synchrony
Absence of neural funcuonlng
luncuonal or nonorganlc hearlng loss
8eporLed hearlng loss LhaL ls noL subsLanuaLed by
Lesung
4
MeasuremenL of Pearlng lmpalrmenLs
! AudlologlsL
! AudlomeLry/Audlogram
! lncludes: pure-Lone, alr-conducuon, bone-
conducuon, speech recognluon, play
observauons, lnner ear acousucs, acousuc
Lransmlsslon
Age of onseL
rellngual: presenL aL blrLh or before speech
onseL
osLllngual: declL acqulred aer speech onseL
5
6
3
8rlef PlsLory of Lhe lleld
1817: llrsL school for sLudenLs wlLh hearlng
lmpalrmenLs (Amerlcan Asylum for Lhe Lducauon of
Lhe ueaf and uumb)
1864: llrsL college for Lhe hearlng lmpalred (Loday
named CallaudeL unlverslLy aer 1homas
CallaudeL)
Communlcauon meLhods:
! Manual communlcauon- slgn language/nger spelllng
! Cral communlcauon- encouraged use of resldual hearlng
and speech readlng
! 1oLal communlcauon- comblnauon of spoken and manual
communlcauon
7
8
Luology of Pearlng lmpalrmenLs
Ceneuc/PeredlLary facLors
8ecesslve and domlnanL LralLs
x-llnked
uown syndrome
usher syndrome
Waardenburg syndrome
lnfecuons
CyLomegalovlrus (CMv), rubella, ouus medla
uevelopmenLal abnormallues
CongenlLal abnormallues
LnvlronmenLal/Lraumauc facLors
Loud nolse, low blrLh welghL, prescrlpuon
medlcauon, head ln[urles
9
4
ulsorders AssoclaLed wlLh
Pearlng Loss ln Chlldren
10
CharacLerlsucs of lndlvlduals
wlLh Pearlng lmpalrmenLs
! lnLellecLual developmenL for people wlLh a
hearlng lmpalrmenL ls more a funcuon of
language developmenL Lhan cognluve ablllLy
! Speech and language ls Lhe area of
developmenL mosL aecLed
! Soclal developmenL depends on Lhe use of
communlcauon skllls
! Lducauonal achlevemenL Lyplcally 3-4 years
below grade level
11
AssessmenL of lndlvlduals
wlLh Pearlng lmpalrmenLs
Lducauonal achlevemenL
Levels of academlc performance
Communlcauon assessmenL
8ecepuve and expresslve language skllls
Aruculauon, plLch, loudness, quallLy, raLe
ersonal/soclal/behavloral assessmenL
Soclal ad[usLmenL, self-lmage, emouonal ad[usLmenL
12
5
Suggesuons for Lhe Classroom
romoLe accepLance
8e sure hearlng alds are worklng
rovlde preferenual seaung
lncrease vlsual lnformauon
Mlnlmlze classroom nolse
Modlfy Leachlng pracuces
Pave reallsuc expecLauons
13
14
lnsLrucuonal lnLervenuons
MeLhods of communlcauon
Slgn language
Cral
Cued speech
1oLal communlcauon
llngerspelllng
lnLerpreLer
15
6
16
17
Servlces for ?oung Chlldren
wlLh Pearlng lmpalrmenLs
! lmporLance of early ldenucauon
! Larly lnLervenuon servlces
! lamlly supporL
18
7
1ransluon and lndlvlduals
wlLh Pearlng lmpalrmenLs
1ransluon plannlng lncludes:
lamlly supporL
Plgher educauon
LmploymenL
ersonal, soclal, communlLy
19
Servlces for AdulLs
wlLh Pearlng lmpalrmenLs
SLaLe Commlsslon or Cmce on ueafness
Advocacy, lnformauon sharlng, agency referrals,
lnLerpreung servlces, employmenL asslsLance
SLaLe vocauonal rehablllLauon servlces
LmploymenL servlces
nauonal Assoclauon for Lhe ueaf
ollucal advocacy, lnformauon sharlng
Self-Pelp for Pard of Pearlng eople (SPPP)
Advocacy, lnformauon, asslsLance
20
lamlly lssues
! MosL chlldren wlLh hearlng lmpalrmenLs have
hearlng parenLs
! AccepLance of Lhe dlsablllLy
! lamlly relauonshlps
21
8
lssues of ulverslLy
! 47 of all sLudenLs ln programs for Lhe deaf and hearlng
lmpalred are from culLurally dlverse groups
! 8esearch ls needed Lo address Lhe needs of sLudenLs wlLh
hearlng lmpalrmenLs who come from non-Lngllsh speaklng
famllles
! eople who ldenufy wlLh Lhe ueaf culLure are proud of Lhelr
herlLage lncludlng Lhelr language, hlsLory, values, and
llLeraLure
o 1he Lerm !"#$ (wlLh a caplLal !) refers Lo lndlvlduals who
ldenufy wlLh Lhe ueaf culLure
o 1he Lerm %"#$ (lowercase %) refers Lo Lhe physlcal condluon
o ueaf culLure conslders Amerlcan Slgn Language (ASL) Lo be
Lhe naLural language of Lhe ueaf culLure and urges
recognluon of ASL as Lhe prlmary language cholce wlLh
Lngllsh consldered a second language
22
1echnology and lndlvlduals
wlLh Pearlng lmpalrmenLs
! Pearlng alds
! AudlLory Lralnlng devlces
! CompuLers
! Alerung devlces
! Capuonlng
! 1elecommunlcauon devlces
! Cochlear lmplanLs
WaLch Lhls vldeo Lo learn abouL Cochlear lmplanLs
23
1rends, lssues, and ConLroversles
! ApproprlaLe educauonal meLhods
! Move from chlld-cenLered Lo famlly-
cenLered approach
! Larly lnLervenuon programs
! lnLerpreLer servlces
! ueaf culLure
24