Religion/

Description


Prophet/Founder


Beliefs




Scripture


Commandments





Sabbath/Holidays


Diet/Restrictions


Sacraments/Lifestyle


History of religion




Denominations


Salvation/Afterlife


Islam: Founded in 7th century Arabia. Followers-Muslim(one who
submits). Monotheistic. Pray to Allah (only God). Hazrat Muhammad
was the last prophet of God. Islam means submission. Abrahamic
thru Ishmael.

H. Muhammad. Final/greatest prophet. 570-632AD. Restorer of
uncorrupted faith of Adam. Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus.

Allah, only, Creator of the Universe. Tawhid-oneness.Wahid-one.
Ahad-unique. Indivisable, sovereign, rejects Trinity, Universal.
Sahadah: L ilaha illa al-Lh, Muhammadun raslu l-Lh. There is no
god but God, Muhammad is the Messenger of God. 5 pillars of Sunni
Islam: Sahadah, Salat(5 prayers facing Kaaba), Zakat-Alms giving,
Sawm-Fasting, especially Ramadan, d-d(repentance), Haj, Qayamat.


Koran, revealed by Jibrail in 610AD. Sunnah-way of life/manners of
prophet. Hadith-report about Words/deeds of Prophet. Sharia-
Islamic religious law.

Halal: Object/action permissible per Sharia(includes human
behavior, speech communication, clothing, conduct, manner and
dietary laws.) Individual duty or fard al-ayn(Salah, hijab, hajj).
Sufficiency duty or fard al-kifaya(jihad. Haram: Forbidden acts,
behaviours, such as adultery or abuse, alcohol or pork, meat not
slaughtered right, ill-gotten wealth obtained through sin,
worshipping someone other than God. Circumcision for men.

Jumuah. Not Sabbath. God did not rest 7
th
day. Adam was created
Friday. Day of Prayer. Ashura(Moses/Ali) Ramadan/Eid. Id-ul-zuha.

Halal (herbivorous)meat only(Chr/Jew/Mslm). No pork or alcohol or
carrion. Gelatin.

As-Salaam Alaykum. Khuda Hafiz. Inshaallah. Bismillah. Strict
marriage laws. Nikah(mar contract)Walima(strong sunnah)Hijab,
Niqab. Qafan and burial. No Interest/Usury. No Adultery/Incest.
Polygamy allowed. No Polyandry. Talaq. Circumcision.

HM, Age 40-63 rcvd revelations from God, recorded by companions.
Persecuted, after 13yrs. Hijra to Medina. 2 wars 624/625AD, Med
Jews exiled. Father-trader. 4 Khalifa Ar Rashidun, Abu-Bakr, Umar
Al-Khattab, Uthman, Ali(Shia)632-750AD. Umayyad Dynasty 89
yrs.(Dhimmi-non Muslims pay tax). Abbassid Dynasty(Golden
Age)750-1258AD. Capital Baghdad. Turkish(Ottoman13-14),
Iranian(Safavid16)

Sunni(Al-Sunnah), Shia(Ali ibn Abi Talib, as the cousin and son-in-law
of Muhammad, was his rightful successor, and they call him the first
Imam), Sufi(beg 13
th
Century), Masnavi(50K lines)/Maulana Rumi.

Belief in the "Day of Resurrection"(bodily), Qiyamah(Day of
Judgement). Jannah, higher still is Ridwan(acceptance by God).
Hinduism:(Santana Dharma, means Eternal Religion) oldest
major religion. 1st religion-concept of reincarnation. India 900
MM. Often referred to as Sanatan Dharma. Of 6 Darshanas, 2
survive, Vedanta/Yoga.
Sapta Rishis: Bhrigu, Atri, Angirasa, Vasishta, Pulastya,
Pulalaha and Kratu. Mono to Polytheistic. Trinity -Shiva,
Brahma born of lotus from navel of Vishnu the God.
Dharma (ethics/duties) Samsra (Continuing cycle of birth/life,
death/rebirth), Karma (cause/effect), Moksha (liberation from
samsara), Yogas (paths/practices). Ad/Vdn Atman/Paramatma.
whoever is fully aware of tman as the innermost core of one's
own self realizes an identity with Brahman, reaches moksha.
Dvaita-tman dependent on God, moksha depends on love
towards God and on God's grace.
Scriptures are divided into ruti and Smriti. Vedas/Upanishads
foremost. Others Tantras, the Agama, the Purnas and epics
Mahbhrata and Rmyana. Bhagavad Gt summary of vedas.
Pururthas: dharma righteousness, artha livelihood/wealth,
kma sensual pleasure, moksa liberation, freedom [from
samsara]. Bhakti Yoga (path of love/devotion), Karma Yoga
(path-right action), Rja Yoga (path of meditation), Jna Yoga
(path of wisdom) Mahabharata extols Japa as the greatest duty in
KalYug. Pj, home or work. Icon link between worshiper-God.
Image often considered God manifest. Worshipping at dawn after
bathing, singing hymns, meditation, chanting mantras, reciting
scripture. Many undertake pilgrimage.
Maha Shivaratri, Holi, Ram Navami, Krishna Janmastami, Ganesh
Chaturthi, Dussera, Durga Puja, Diwali.
Vegetarianism recommended for Satvic lifestyle. Rajputs eat
Jhatka. mutton, chicken, fish.

Society Varnas: Brahmin teacher/Priest; Kshatriya:warriors/
nobles/kings; Vaishyas: farmers/merchants/busmen; Shudras:
servants/ laborers. Inter caste frowned upon. Brahmacharya,
Grihastha, Vanaprastha, Sannyasa. Ahimsa, Satya, Asatya,
Brahmch, Kshama, Dhriti, Daya, Arjava, Mitihara, Shaucha.

Known History: 5500BC early Harappan. Modern Hinduism grew
out of Vedas, RV 1700BC. 4 yugas(controversy) Satyuga to Kalyug.
1000BC and later, changes from Upnishads, Buddhism,
Jainism. Many changes between 1000-400BC. Materialism.
Decline after 280AD(Gupta empire). 7
th
century onwards Islam
started taking over slowly. Max Mueller/John Woodroffe/19
th
.
Revival during the Briish, Arya Samaj, Brahmo Samaj.

Vaishnavism, Shaivism, Shakiism, SmartismV/Sh/Adi Shan,
Arya Samaj, Brahmo Samaj.

Moksha liberation[from samsara]. Bhakti Yoga (love/devotion),
Karma Yoga (right action), Rja Yoga (meditation), Jna Yoga.