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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS COATING AND PAINTING

WORKS

11.1. GENERAL
These Technical Specifications contain technical data regarding coating and painting works.


11.2. REFERENCE STANDARDS AND NORMATIVES
C 56 /85 Checking and taking-over of constructions and installations works
C 3 76 Executing and taking-over of decoration and painting works
STAS 7359/89 VINAROM type paint, on Poly-acetate base or made of Vinyl in
dispersion
STAS 790/84 Water for constructions
STAS 545/1/80 Gypsum for constructions
SR 1581/2/94 Paper for dry polishing



11.3 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT USED, QUALITY TESTING, DELIVERY,
HANDLING, STORAGE
The main materials are:
washable paint for walls and ceilings;
oil paints, coating varnish, varnish for wood or metallic joinery;
mastic, primers, gypsum, lime for lime-wash.

The used materials at decorations and painting works shall have the technical
characteristics according to the standards in force.
The storage of the materials for painting works shall be in enclosures, protected against
any humidity. The materials shall be delivered in tin or PVC cans and shall be stored
separately, the containers being air-sealed and air-proof.
The storage facility shall satisfy all safety requirements for fire protection; the
recommended storage temperature to be between 7C. and 20C.


11.4. WORK PREPARATION AND EXECUTION
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1.4.1. Preparation of the Surfaces

Plastered and skim-coated surfaces
Surfaces of cement plaster, lime-cement or skim-coated plastering (lime putty or
gypsum) shall be plane and smooth, without any exfoliations or cracks.
Cracks and irregularities in plastered surfaces may be repaired with the same plaster
or by binder, depending on the type of irregularity.
Any cracks and irregularities in skim-coated surfaces shall be luted or filled with
paste of the same composition as the binder. The gypsum paste utilized for luting shall be
prepared in volumes of 2 parts gypsum at 1 part water, in small quantities. For greater
surfaces a gypsum-lime paste shall be prepared, 1 part gypsum and 1 part lime paste to be
utilized within less than 20 minutes after preparation.
After drying, the repaired surfaces shall be smoothed with anti-tarnish paper, the
walls up and down, and then cleaned up with clean and dry brushes.

Wood Surfaces
Before commencing the painting works the joinery shall be re-inspected and any
degradations from transport or mounting be repaired, wherever necessary;
The painter shall check and correct the wood surfaces, so that any nodes will be cut,
any nails buried and cleaned.
The humidity content of the joinery before painting shall be equal or less than 15%,
checked with an electric device type Hygromette, or similar.
Metallic accessories of wooden joinery, which are not brass-plated, nickel-plated or
varnished by the Manufacturer, shall be treated with an anticorrosive primer paint,
and then painted with an oil paint.

Metallic surfaces
Metallic surfaces shall not have any rusty spots, grease of any kind, old paint, mud,
etc. The rust shall be cleaned by scrubbing with a wire brush, steel palette knifes, glass
paper or special rust solvents etc. Grease spots shall be cleaned with grease solvents, but
no kerosene or automobile gasoline shall be used.
Metallic joinery shall be delivered on site pre-painted with an anti-corrosive primer,
adequate for ulterior oil painting.

11.4.2. Works Execution
Generalities
Any finishing works on walls and ceilings shall start at an ambient air temperature of
at least +5
o
C.;
For painting works a constant temperature regime shall be maintained throughout
the works execution, and after their execution at least 5 hours for decorations and 15 days
for any painting works.
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The finishing layer of exterior painting works shall not be executed on foggy days or
within lesser than 2 hours after rain, or on windy days or during big heat.
Before the commencement of the painting works (except for lime-wash) it must be
checked if the humidity of the surfaces is within the limits: 3% for plastered surfaces and 8%
for skim-coated surfaces. With an air-humidity of up to 60% and a temperature of +15 to
+20
o
C, these surfaces are normally ready for painting within 30 days after plastering and 15
days after skim-coating. The humidity may be checked with an equipment like Hygromette
or similar approved. The humidity may alternatively be checked with a Phenolphthalein
solution of 1%, applicable with a brush on a small surface; if the colour is violet or pink, the
surface layer has a humidity greater than 3%.
The temperature difference between the air and the surface to be painted must not
be more than 6o C., in order to avoid any vapour in the air to condense.
The Contractor must not use any expired paint. Paint shall be utilized only after
certification by an independent professional laboratory specializing in research on paint
quality and after checking of the conformity of the Manufacturers in-house norms with
acknowledged quality standards.

Painting with lime-wash
Wall surfaces and ceilings in historical buildings, basements and technical rooms
may be painted with lime-wash. This paint can be applied by use of a brush or roller. The
lime-wash must be applied in a number of layers, sufficient provide a continuous white
aspect. Other colours may be chosen with the approval of the Designer and the Engineer.
As lime-wash is caustic, the painter must protect his eyes and skin from contact.
One litre of lime-wash will cover 3 to 6 m
2
for one coat, depending on the
smoothness and porosity of the surface. The lime-wash must be applied thinly.
Lime-wash shall be applied on porous surfaces such as new lime render, gypsum
skim-coat and plaster. Casein paint may be added to improve the adhesion on less porous
surfaces. In case of any doubt, the Contractor must test a sample area.
Preparation: The Contractor must remove any loose particles, dust, dirt, lichen etc.
with stiff brush and wash down. In rehabilitation works, he must treat mould growth with a
weak fungicide (dilute bleach) and rinse off well.
On dry surfaces he shall spray the area with water before lime-washing, as this
prevents the water in the lime-wash from being sucked out too quickly on application.
The Contractor shall whisk the lime-wash thoroughly before use, as the putty will
settle out. 4 coats of lime-wash are recommended on new external lime render, 3 coats on
new internal lime plaster. Each coat must left to cure for a minimum of 2 days. A thin coat
curing slowly in the presence of moisture will form a more crystalline, hard-wearing surface
compared to a chalky finish, if a thick coat dries out too quickly. After the initial carbonation
and curing, lime-wash will continue to strengthen for several weeks.
Lime-wash must not be applied in low temperatures or when there is a risk of frost.
Lime-wash must be protected from strong sunlight, when drying.

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Painting with washable paint
In this sub-chapter, there are included the technical specifications, conditions and
the manner of execution of painting works with washable paint, to be applied at the interior
of the buildings on walls and ceilings, which have been plastered and/or skim-coated with
gypsum binder, and are situated in rooms having a relative air humidity of 60%.
Painting with Vinyl emulsion paint at the interior of buildings with surfaces plastered
and bindered with gypsum binder shall be executed in the following order:
Ground paint, Vinarom primer or similar approved;
Vinyl emulsion paint, Vinarom or similar approved, diluted and applied in two layers;

Before commencing the works it must be checked, if there is any need for the binder
and surface to be corrected.
For the primer preparation, Vinyl emulsion paint shall be mixed in a preparation vessel
by one volume of paint and an equal volume of water.
The primer layer shall be applied only manually with a brush or with a wide paintbrush;
the minimum drying time is 2 hours at a temperature of +15
o
C and 1 hour at +25
o
C or
higher.
Painting with Vinyl emulsion (like Vinarom) is executed by applying 2 layers of paint
diluted with water in a volume proportion of 4:1; applied with a pressure-painting spraying
pistol. Before usage, the paint shall be passed through a screen with 900 screen holes/cm2.
After each interruption of the works the cans and the paint vessels shall be closed air-
proof. The paint shall be well homogenized, when the works resume.
During the execution of the works, the Engineer shall in particular check the following:
Fulfilling of the quality conditions of the support layer specified above;
Quality of the main materials introduced in the works, according to the standards and
norms for local manufacturing;
Compliance with the design provisions and the site dispositions;
Correctness of execution by complying with the paint manufacturers specifications;
Any need for works not complying with the specifications of this chapter and found
inadequate to be redone or remedied;

The painting works shall be taken over only when completely dried.

Painting of wood and metal joinery
Painting works shall be executed only after completion of the following preparatory works:
the first paint layer shall be applied only after completion of the wall painting and
after having taken protective measures against spilling of the floors;
checking of the correctness of joinery mounting and functioning
checking of the wood surfaces as regards to flatness and humidity, the latter to be
equal or less than 15%;
removing of any rusty or greasy spots from the metallic surfaces.
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Execution of the painting works on joinery:
Painting of metal and wood joinery shall begin at a temperature of at least 15C, this
temperature must be maintained during the works execution and for at least 15 days
after.

It is recommended to paint the surfaces in a horizontal position.
The rooms for painting should be free of dust and well ventilated, without any strong air
flows.


11.5. QUALITY CONTROL, ADMISSIBLE DEVIATIONS

11.5.1. Verification Before Commencement of Works
The following must be checked:
If the anterior phase was entirely completed (existence of take-over minutes for the
supporting layer: such as gypsum lime, plastering, concrete etc.);
The existence of the technical procedure for coating and painting in the documents
presented by the Contractor;
The quality certificates for the utilized materials which attest the conformity with the
norms and the Employers requirements;
Technical agreements for new products and procedures;
Take-over minutes for the works designed to protect the coating and painting
(coverings, eaves).

1.5.2. Verification During Works Execution
a) Coating and painting of walls and ceilings
The following shall be checked:
Compliance with the technical execution procedure;
Utilization of the prescriptions and mixture compositions indicated in the technical
prescriptions of the utilized products;
Application of protection measures against sudden drying-out, washing-out through
rain or any possible damage by frost;
Painting aspect;
Compliance of the executed coating and painting with the design provisions;
Uniformity of the coating on the entire surface (no splashing spots or overlaps
allowed);
The adherence of the indoor and outdoor paintings at the support layer through
slight rubbing with the hand on the wall;
The edges between coated and painted surfaces on a same wall, as well as the
ones at the junctions between painted walls and ceilings, should be distinct, without
any overlaps or visible edge lines;
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Separation strips between painted areas shall be checked with the naked eye and
with a smoothing board, if they are rectilinear (they must be without any butt joining
and have a uniform width along their total length).

b) Painting and varnishing of wood and metal joinery
The following shall be checked:
If the surfaces painted with oil paints, colour paints, varnishes etc. have the same
uniform colour and bright or matt aspect, as specified in the design (no transparent
layers, spill spots, decoupling, cracks)
If the painting works executed on joinery have a good adherence and if the paint film
covers well all surfaces, being well distributed and polished;
If the ironmongery and other accessories (shutters, hinges, door handles, window
closers, etc.) show any undesired paint spots.

11.5.3. Verification after Completion of the Works
After completion of a work phase, each room shall be checked at least once and
surfaces once every 100 m2.
Coating and painting works are visible works, the aspect quality of which can be
checked at any time after completion. Therefore minutes of acceptance of the works must
not be issued immediately after completion. The works of coating, painting and tapestry will
normally be taken-over after completion of the works of the entire object, executing the
same checking as above, but with a frequency of 1/5.
The coatings, painting works and decorations (wallpapers etc.) must be checked
very carefully because they are the most visible part of the entire works executed