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INDUCED BREEDING
Introduction:
It is one of the artificial method in which the fish seed in commonly
collected from the breeding ground. But it has certain draw backs due to
mixture of eggs of various types of fishes as well as predatory fishes.
Some of the advanced technique having employed to uptained fish seed
and this method is by artificial fertilization.
Artificial Fertilization:
In this method of fertilization ova from the female and sperm form the
male are taken out by artificial or mechanical process and the egg got
fertilized by the sperm. This of two types
i. Dry method
ii. Weight method
Technique:
For artificial fertilization matured male and female fish are selected and
taken.
The fishes are dried with clean clothes.
The belly of male fish is kept downward, and pressed with thumb to
collect milt.
Types of Induced Breeding:
According to breeding habits two types of fishes are generally found.
i. Fishes breeding in pond
ii. Non-pond breeding fishes


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Induced pond breeding:
The process of induced pond breeding depends upon following factors.
The spawrning is stimulated by riverine condition during monsoon
period.
The water current also inducing spawrning
The temperature for spawrning is maintain between 24
0
-30
0
C.
Cloudy season followed by rain also stimulated spawrning.
Induce Breeding by Hypophysation:
In this method gonard trophic hormone secreted by pituitary gland
injected to fishes that influence the maturation of gonard and spawring
in fishes.
Sometimes mammalian pituitary hormones are injected from spawring.
Different steps of hypophysis:
The hypophysation process needs a healthy donor having body weight
between 1 to 5kg is selected.
The fish donating the pituitary gland sallwing fully rised.
Removal of pituitary gland:
At first the foramen magnum is exposed by cutting the fish of head.
The perital reasons of the brain should be marked because the gland is
located in this reason.
After cutting the fat is removed from the brain by foreshape and then it
is soaked by a cotton piece.
A pair of foreshape are inshurted into the foramen magnum dorsally to
the brain.
The posterior part of the brain is carefully taken out from it.


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Preservation of Gland:
The pituitary gland is taken out from removing posterior part of brain and
preserve and it absolute alcohol and stored at room temp.
The gland can also be used in press condition.
It can also be stored in acetone for about 32 hrs.
The gland is remove form freshly killed fish of same species.

Preparation of Extract:
The preserve gland is now taken out from alcohol and the alcohol is allowed
to evaporate.
The gland are now homogenate in distilled water of 0.3% saline of glycerin.
The homogenated mixture is now centrifused for 15 minutes at a speed of
25000 are pm.
The super natant is now prepared for injection.
Injection:
Supernatant is injected intramuscularly on the back or on the base of chordal
fin in some cases it is also injected at the base of pectoral fin.












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Dose of Injection:
For the 1
st
time 2 to 3 mg of pituitary extract per kg body weight is injected.
After 6 hours of 1
st
injection slightly higher dose of 5 to 8 mg per kg body
weight of female and 2 to 3 mg per kg body weight of male are injected.
Now both male and female are released into cloth hapa which is fixed with
bamboo poles in breeding pond.
Synthetic Hormone:
With advance made of fish culture programme synthetic hormone like human
chorionic gonardo trophic and some cortico stiroids are injected for induced
spawrning.
Spawrning in Breeding Hapa:
After injection the breeding are released into breeding hapa in pair having 1
male and 1 female.
The hapa is made up masquitonet like structure with lylon marking.
The hapa hangs in water in such way that the root of masquitonet remain
with in water and open surface above water.
The ecological activities like chasing with the female and robbing its body on
the wall of hapa along with body of female is the spawrning.
Collection of Sheed:
The fish sheed is collected form the
breeding pond.
The fish are collected from suitable
bad along with sheed.
The commonly used connecting net
is called benchijal.
After collecting sheed they are
allowed to enter hatching pad and
hatching hapa.

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Hatching Pit:
The fertilized fish are kept in hatching pit which are near of to breeding
ground.
These are smaller in size having small quantity of water in it.
There are 2 types of hatching pit.
Hatchery:
The hatchery as small size pond in which fertilized eggs are transfered and
remain 2 to 14 hrs. for hatching.
The hatchery are not suitable due to sudden rise and fall in temp. predators
and drying of water.
Hatching Hapa:
The hatching happa is are rectangular shape and made up supporting by
bamboo poles.
Tha hapa maintain continuous flow of water into it.
The size of hapa is about 3x1 5x1 and is made up mosquito net.
These are of 2 types
1. Fix type
2. Floating type
Fix Type:
This type of hapa is found in hard bottom are a where fixed hapa became
impossible.
The hapa are arrange in large number in a series at attach with bamboo and
flows on water surface.
The hapa are used for hatching only.
The hatching are kept for 36-48 hrs. and then transfer to nursery.


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New Generation Drug for Induced Breeding:
There are many alternative have been available
other than pituitary extract some of they are very
chick and easily available, there are
1. Ovapry
2. Sumaach
3. Pimozide
4. Doc-A
5. Anti-estrogen tamoxifen
Ovapry:
This is produced from the salmon fish since 1988.
In India food result has been achieved by ejecting this hormone among the
common craps.
This drug successfully utilized in fish farming in different state of India like
Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha,
Maharashtra
Sumaach:
It is a mammalian gonadotrophin produced by company man as (Infra India
Limited)
It is a human chorionic gonadotrophin and very chief compare to pituitary
extract.
The 1
st
gr is smaller the 2
nd
does is well dependent.
For the best result fully growth breeder and fumor able weather condition is
most.
Pimozide:
It is a hormone known as dopamins.
The administration of this drop is food result but it can store for only a
shorter period.

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Pimozide is utilized successfully for the brakish water fish.
Doc-A (Dexoxy Corticosteron Acedate):
It is very much effective for the cat fishes.
It stimulates the maturation of ovum commercially it is not vailable due to
high price but it kills good result in clarious and Heteropteneust.

Anti-Ostagen Tamoxifen:
It is a pituitary extract given to the cosinsalmon.
This drug is still under the experimental research but get good result among
common craps.
Phromen and Breeding:
Phromen and water pore chemicals it can be detactible by other fishes
through the sense like small or test.
The ecological factor which stimulate fish breeding.


1. Ph
According to choudhury in 1968 identified that the low ph with low
total alkanity stimulate the process of sponny.
2. Temp
Every species requirean optimum temp for their physiological
activity as well as sexual activity.
In fishes temp is a important ecological factor for maturation of
gonads and spawning.
Several researches shows that optimum temp is essential for the
crop fish breeding.
It is experimentally proved that slight deviation in temp prevent
the process of ovulation and sponny.

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According to choudhury 1968 the optimum temp for common
crop is 27
o
C. however the induced breeding can be maintain
with the range of temp it is 24
0-
34
0
C.
Mrouhming is 1969 suggested that among the barber species
spawrny is occur in 38
0
C.
Mahaser optimum temp is 28
0
C.
It is found that commonly under the Indian climate condition
induced breeding can be successful in between 20-30
0
C.
Light:
Light is another important factor for gonadial maturation among the fish.
Accordimg to acca, light high low light causes disturbance in the spawning
process.
Rohu photoperiod stimulates whole process of ovulation.
All these study shows that light intensity have positive stimulation on
induced breeding.

Rain, Water ,Food ,Current:
These positive factors are also essential for the srimulation of spawrny.
Ex- It is conformed that after a heavy sour the spawrny is start among the
different species of fishes.
So all the environmental changes stimulates the activity of hypothalamous
which secrete the pituitary hormone, so it influences directly to the spawning
process among the process besides all these factor other essential stimulates
are oxygen contain fish food, terbidity etc.
Breeding can be reduced due to poor nutrient condition exposer to the
fertilizer or insecticide so it is very common to note that spawrning occur at
the heavy sowen of rain which provide all the stimulatory activity for the
purpose of breeding.