Aphorisms

By Hippocrates
Translated by Francis Adams
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SECTION I
1. i!e is short" and Art lon#$ the crisis !leetin#$ e%perience perilo&s"
and decision di!!ic&lt. The physician m&st not only be prepared to
do 'hat is ri#ht himsel!" b&t also to ma(e the patient" the attendants"
and e%ternals cooperate.
). In disorders o! the bo'els and *omitin#s" occ&rrin# spontaneo&sly"
i! the matters p&r#ed be s&ch as o&#ht to be p&r#ed" they do #ood"
and are 'ell borne$ b&t i! not" the contrary. And so arti!icial e*ac&ations"
i! they consist o! s&ch matters as sho&ld be e*ac&ated" do #ood" and
are 'ell borne$ b&t i! not" the contrary. One" then" o&#ht to loo(
to the co&ntry" the season" the a#e" and the diseases in 'hich they
are proper or not.
+. In the athletae" embonpoint" i! carried to its &tmost limit" is
dan#ero&s" !or they cannot remain in the same state nor be stationary$
and since" then" they can neither remain stationary nor impro*e" it
only remains !or them to #et 'orse$ !or these reasons the embonpoint
sho&ld be red&ced 'itho&t delay" that the body may a#ain ha*e a commencement
o! reparation. Neither sho&ld the e*ac&ations" in their case" be carried
to an e%treme" !or this also is dan#ero&s" b&t only to s&ch a point
as the person,s constit&tion can end&re. In li(e manner" medicinal
e*ac&ations" i! carried to an e%treme" are dan#ero&s$ and a#ain" a
restorati*e co&rse" i! in the e%treme" is dan#ero&s.
-. A slender restricted diet is al'ays dan#ero&s in chronic diseases"
and also in ac&te diseases" 'here it is not re.&isite. And a#ain"
a diet bro&#ht to the e%treme point o! atten&ation is dan#ero&s$ and
repletion" 'hen in the e%treme" is also dan#ero&s.
/. In a restricted diet" patients 'ho trans#ress are thereby more
h&rt 0than in any other12$ !or e*ery s&ch trans#ression" 'hate*er
it may be" is !ollo'ed by #reater conse.&ences than in a diet some'hat
more #enero&s. On this acco&nt" a *ery slender" re#&lated" and restricted
diet is dan#ero&s to persons in health" beca&se they bear trans#ressions
o! it more di!!ic&ltly. For this reason" a slender and restricted
diet is #enerally more dan#ero&s than one a little more liberal.
3. For e%treme diseases" e%treme methods o! c&re" as to restriction"
are most s&itable.
4. 5hen the disease is *ery ac&te" it is attended 'ith e%tremely se*ere
symptoms in its !irst sta#e$ and there!ore an e%tremely atten&atin#
diet m&st be &sed. 5hen this is not the case" b&t it is allo'able
to #i*e a more #enero&s diet" 'e may depart as !ar !rom the se*erity
o! re#imen as the disease" by its mildness" is remo*ed !rom the e%treme.
6. 5hen the disease is at its hei#ht" it 'ill then be necessary to
&se the most slender diet.
7. 5e m&st !orm a partic&lar 8&d#ment o! the patient" 'hether he 'ill
s&pport the diet &ntil the acme o! the disease" and 'hether he 'ill
sin( pre*io&sly and not s&pport the diet" or the disease 'ill #i*e
'ay pre*io&sly" and become less ac&te.
19. In those cases" then" 'hich attain their acme speedily" a restricted
diet sho&ld be en8oined at !irst$ b&t in those cases 'hich reach their
acme later" 'e m&st retrench at that period or a little be!ore it$
b&t pre*io&sly 'e m&st allo' a more #enero&s diet to s&pport the patient.
11. 5e m&st retrench d&rin# paro%ysms" !or to e%hibit !ood 'o&ld be
in8&rio&s. And in all diseases ha*in# periodical paro%ysms" 'e m&st
restrict d&rin# the paro%ysms.
1). The e%acerbations and remissions 'ill be indicated by the diseases"
the seasons o! the year" the reciprocation o! the periods" 'hether
they occ&r e*ery day" e*ery alternate day" or a!ter a lon#er period"
and by the s&per*enin# symptoms$ as" !or e%ample" in ple&ritic cases"
e%pectoration" i! it occ&r at the commencement" shortens the attac("
b&t i! it appear later" it prolon#s the same$ and in the same manner
the &rine" and al*ine dischar#es" and s'eats" accordin# as they appear
alon# 'ith !a*orable or &n!a*orable symptoms" indicate diseases o!
a short or lon# d&ration.
1+. Old persons end&re !astin# most easily$ ne%t" ad&lts$ yo&n# persons
not nearly so 'ell$ and most especially in!ants" and o! them s&ch
as are o! a partic&larly li*ely spirit.
1-. :ro'in# bodies ha*e the most innate heat$ they there!ore re.&ire
the most !ood" !or other'ise their bodies are 'asted. In old persons
the heat is !eeble" and there!ore they re.&ire little !&el" as it
'ere" to the !lame" !or it 'o&ld be e%tin#&ished by m&ch. On this
acco&nt" also" !e*ers in old persons are not e.&ally ac&te" beca&se
their bodies are cold.
1/. In 'inter and sprin# the bo'els are nat&rally the hottest" and
the sleep most prolon#ed$ at these seasons" then" the most s&stenance
is to be administered$ !or as the belly has then most innate heat"
it stands in need o! most !ood. The 'ell-(no'n !acts 'ith re#ard to
yo&n# persons and the athletae pro*e this.
13. A h&mid re#imen is be!ittin# in all !ebrile diseases" and partic&larly
in children" and others acc&stomed to li*e on s&ch a diet.
14. 5e m&st consider" also" in 'hich cases !ood is to be #i*en once
or t'ice a day" and in #reater or smaller .&antities" and at inter*als.
Somethin# m&st be conceded to habit" to season" to co&ntry" and to
a#e.
16. In*alids bear !ood 'orst d&rin# s&mmer and a&t&mn" most easily
in 'inter" and ne%t in sprin#.
17. Neither #i*e nor en8oin anythin# to persons d&rin# periodical
paro%ysms" b&t abstract !rom the acc&stomed allo'ance be!ore the crisis.
)9. 5hen thin#s are at the crisis" or 'hen they ha*e 8&st passed it"
neither mo*e the bo'els" nor ma(e any inno*ation in the treatment"
either as re#ards p&r#ati*es or any other s&ch stim&lants" b&t let
thin#s alone.
)1. Those thin#s 'hich re.&ire to be e*ac&ated sho&ld be e*ac&ated"
'here*er they most tend" by the proper o&tlets.
)). 5e m&st p&r#e and mo*e s&ch h&mors as are concocted" not s&ch
as are &nconcocted" &nless they are str&##lin# to #et o&t" 'hich is
mostly not the case.
)+. The e*ac&ations are to be 8&d#ed o! not by their .&antity" b&t
'hether they be s&ch as they sho&ld be" and ho' they are borne. And
'hen proper to carry the e*ac&ation to deli.&i&m animi" this also
sho&ld be done" pro*ided the patient can s&pport it.
)-. ;se p&r#ati*e medicines sparin#ly in ac&te diseases" and at the
commencement" and not 'itho&t proper circ&mspection.
)/. I! the matters 'hich are p&r#ed be s&ch as sho&ld be p&r#ed" the
e*ac&ation is bene!icial" and easily borne$ b&t" not 'ithstandin#"
i! other'ise" 'ith di!!ic&lty.
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SECTION II
1. In 'hate*er disease sleep is laborio&s" it is a deadly symptom$
b&t i! sleep does #ood" it is not deadly.
). 5hen sleep p&ts an end to deliri&m" it is a #ood symptom.
+. Both sleep and insomnolency" 'hen immoderate" are bad.
-. Neither repletion" nor !astin#" nor anythin# else" is #ood 'hen
more than nat&ral.
/. Spontaneo&s lassit&de indicates disease.
3. <ersons 'ho ha*e a pain!&l a!!ection in any part o! the body" and
are in a #reat meas&re sensible o! the pain" are disordered in intellect.
4. Those bodies 'hich ha*e been slo'ly emaciated sho&ld be slo'ly
recr&ited$ and those 'hich ha*e been .&ic(ly emaciated sho&ld be .&ic(ly
recr&ited.
6. 5hen a person a!ter a disease ta(es !ood" b&t does not impro*e
in stren#th" it indicates that the body &ses more !ood than is proper$
b&t i! this happen 'hen he does not ta(e !ood" it is to be &nderstood
e*ac&ation is re.&ired.
7. 5hen one 'ishes to p&r#e" he sho&ld p&t the body into a !l&ent
state.
19. Bodies not properly cleansed" the more yo& no&rish the more yo&
in8&re.
11. It is easier to !ill &p 'ith drin( than 'ith !ood.
1). 5hat remains in diseases a!ter the crisis is apt to prod&ce relapses.
1+. <ersons in 'hom a crisis ta(es place pass the ni#ht precedin#
the paro%ysm &ncom!ortably" b&t the s&cceedin# ni#ht #enerally more
com!ortably.
1-. In !l&%es o! the bo'els" a chan#e o! the de8ections does #ood"
&nless the chan#e be o! a bad character.
1/. 5hen the throat is diseased" or t&bercles 0phymata2 !orm on the
body" attention m&st paid to the secretions$ !or i! they be bilio&s"
the disease a!!ects the #eneral system$ b&t i! they resemble those
o! a healthy person" it is sa!e to #i*e no&rishin# !ood.
13. 5hen in a state o! h&n#er" one o&#ht not to &nderta(e labor.
14. 5hen more !ood than is proper has been ta(en" it occasions disease$
this is sho'n by the treatment.
16. From !ood 'hich pro*es no&rishin# to the body either immediately
or shortly" the de8ections also are immediate.
17. In ac&te diseases it is not .&ite sa!e to pro#nosticate either
death or reco*ery.
)9. Those 'ho ha*e 'atery dischar#es !rom their bo'els 'hen yo&n#
ha*e dry 'hen they are old$ and those 'ho ha*e dry dischar#es 'hen
they are yo&n# 'ill ha*e 'atery 'hen they are old.
)1. =rin(in# stron# 'ine c&res h&n#er.
)). =iseases 'hich arise !rom repletion are c&red by depletion$ and
those that arise !rom depletion are c&red by repletion$ and in #eneral"
diseases are c&red by their contraries.
)+. Ac&te disease come to a crisis in !o&rteen days.
)-. The !o&rth day is indicati*e o! the se*enth$ the ei#hth is the
commencement o! the second 'ee($ and hence" the ele*enth bein# the
!o&rth o! the second 'ee(" is also indicati*e$ and a#ain" the se*enteenth
is indicati*e" as bein# the !o&rth !rom the !o&rteenth" and the se*enth
!rom the ele*enth.
)/. The s&mmer .&artans are" !or the most part" o! short d&ration$
b&t the a&t&mnal are protracted" especially those occ&rrin# near the
approach o! 'inter.
)3. It is better that a !e*er s&cceed to a con*&lsion" than a con*&lsion
to a !e*er.
)4. 5e sho&ld not tr&st ameliorations in diseases 'hen they are not
re#&lar" nor be m&ch a!raid o! bad symptoms 'hich occ&r in an irre#&lar
!orm$ !or s&ch are commonly inconstant" and do not &s&ally contin&e"
nor ha*e any d&ration.
)6. In !e*ers 'hich are not alto#ether sli#ht" it is a bad symptom
!or the body to remain 'itho&t any dimin&tion o! b&l(" or to be 'asted
beyond meas&re$ !or the one state indicates a protracted disease"
and the other 'ea(ness o! body.
)7. I! it appear that e*ac&ations are re.&ired" they sho&ld be made
at the commencement o! diseases$ at the acme it is better to be .&iet.
+9. To'ard the commencement and end o! diseases all the symptoms are
'ea(er" and to'ard the acme they are stron#er.
+1. 5hen a person 'ho is reco*erin# !rom a disease has a #ood appetite"
b&t his body does not impro*e in condition" it is a bad symptom.
+). For the most part" all persons in ill health" 'ho ha*e a #ood
appetite at the commencement" b&t do not impro*e" ha*e a bad appetite
a#ain to'ard the end$ 'hereas" those 'ho ha*e a *ery bad appetite
at the commencement" and a!ter'ard ac.&ire a #ood appetite" #et better
o!!.
++. In e*ery disease it is a #ood si#n 'hen the patient,s intellect
is so&nd" and he is disposed to ta(e 'hate*er !ood is o!!ered to him$
b&t the contrary is bad.
+-. In diseases" there is less dan#er 'hen the disease is one to 'hich
the patient,s constit&tion" habit" a#e" and the season are allied"
than 'hen it is one to 'hich they are not allied.
+/. In all diseases it is better that the &mbilical and hypo#astric
re#ions preser*e their !&llness$ and it is a bad si#n 'hen they are
*ery slender and emaciated$ in the latter case it is dan#ero&s to
administer p&r#ati*es.
+3. <ersons in #ood health .&ic(ly lose their stren#th by ta(in# p&r#ati*e
medicines" or &sin# bad !ood.
+4. <&r#ati*e medicines a#ree ill 'ith persons in #ood health.
+6. An article o! !ood or drin( 'hich is sli#htly 'orse" b&t more
palatable" is to be pre!erred to s&ch as are better b&t less palatable.
+7. Old ha*e !e'er complaints than yo&n#$ b&t those chronic diseases
'hich do be!all them #enerally ne*er lea*e them.
-9. Catarrhs and cory>a in *ery old people are not concocted.
-1. <ersons 'ho ha*e had !re.&ent and se*ere attac(s o! s'oonin#"
'itho&t any mani!est ca&se" die s&ddenly.
-). It is impossible to remo*e a stron# attac( o! apople%y" and not
easy to remo*e a 'ea( attac(.
-+. O! persons 'ho ha*e been s&spended by the nec(" and are in a state
o! insensibility" b&t not .&ite dead" those do not reco*er 'ho ha*e
!oam at the mo&th.
--. <ersons 'ho are nat&rally *ery !at are apt to die earlier than
those 'ho are slender.
-/. Epilepsy in yo&n# persons is most !re.&ently remo*ed by chan#es
o! air" o! co&ntry" and o! modes o! li!e.
-3. O! t'o pains occ&rrin# to#ether" not in the same part o! the body"
the stron#er 'ea(ens the other.
-4. <ains and !e*ers occ&r rather at the !ormation o! p&s than 'hen
it is already !ormed.
-6. In e*ery mo*ement o! the body" 'hene*er one be#ins to end&re pain"
it 'ill be relie*ed by rest.
-7. Those 'ho are acc&stomed to end&re habit&al labors" altho&#h they
be 'ea( or old" bear them better than stron# and yo&n# persons 'ho
ha*e not been so acc&stomed.
/9. Those thin#s 'hich one has been acc&stomed to !or a lon# time"
altho&#h 'orse than thin#s 'hich one is not acc&stomed to" &s&ally
#i*e less dist&rbance$ b&t a chan#e m&st sometimes be made to thin#s
one is not acc&stomed to.
/1. To e*ac&ate" !ill &p" heat" cool" or other'ise" mo*e the body
in any 'ay m&ch and s&ddenly" is dan#ero&s$ and 'hate*er is e%cessi*e
is inimical to nat&re$ b&t 'hate*er is done by little and little is
sa!e" more especially 'hen a transition is made !rom one thin# to
another.
/). 5hen doin# e*erythin# accordin# to indications" altho&#h thin#s
may not t&rn o&t a#reeably to indication" 'e sho&ld not chan#e to
another 'hile the ori#inal appearances remain.
/+. Those persons 'ho ha*e 'atery dischar#es !rom the bo'els 'hen
they are yo&n#" come o!! better than those 'ho ha*e dry$ b&t in old
a#e they come o!! 'orse" !or the bo'els in a#ed persons are &s&ally
dried &p.
/-. ar#eness o! person in yo&th is noble and not &nbecomin#$ b&t
in old a#e it is incon*enient" and 'orse than a smaller str&ct&re.
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SECTION III
1. The chan#es o! the season mostly en#ender diseases" and in the
seasons #reat chan#es either o! heat or o! cold" and the rest a#reeably
to the same r&le.
). O! nat&res 0temperaments12" some are 'ell- or ill-adapted !or s&mmer"
and some !or 'inter.
+. O! diseases and a#es" certain o! them are 'ell- or ill-adapted
to di!!erent seasons" places" and (inds o! diet.
-. In the seasons" 'hen d&rin# the same day there is at one time heat
and at another time cold" the diseases o! a&t&mn may be e%pected.
/. So&th 'inds ind&ce d&llness o! hearin#" dimness o! *isions" hea*iness
o! the head" torpor" and lan#&or$ 'hen these pre*ail" s&ch symptoms
occ&r in diseases. B&t i! the north 'ind pre*ail" co&#hs" a!!ections
o! the throat" hardness o! the bo'els" dys&ria attended 'ith ri#ors"
and pains o! the sides and breast occ&r. 5hen this 'ind pre*ails"
all s&ch symptoms may be e%pected in diseases.
3. 5hen s&mmer is li(e sprin#" m&ch s'eatin# may be e%pected in !e*ers.
4. Ac&te diseases occ&r in dro&#hts$ and i! the s&mmer be partic&larly
s&ch" accordin# to the constit&tion 'hich it has #i*en to the year"
!or the most part s&ch diseases maybe e%pected.
6. In seasons 'hich are re#&lar" and !&rnish the prod&ctions o! the
season at the seasonable time" the diseases are re#&lar" and come
readily to a crisis$ b&t in inconstant seasons" the diseases are irre#&lar"
and come to a crisis 'ith di!!ic&lty.
7. In a&t&mn" diseases are most ac&te" and most mortal" on the 'hole.
The sprin# is most healthy" and least mortal.
19. A&t&mn is a bad season !or persons in cons&mption.
11. 5ith re#ard to the seasons" i! the 'inter be o! a dry and northerly
character" and the sprin# rainy and so&therly" in s&mmer there 'ill
necessarily be ac&te !e*ers" ophthalmies" and dysenteries" especially
in 'omen" and in men o! a h&mid temperament.
1). I! the b&t the sprin# dry and northerly" 'omen 'hose term o! deli*ery
sho&ld be in sprin#" ha*e abortions !rom any sli#ht ca&se$ and those
'ho reach their !&ll time" brin# !orth children 'ho are !eeble" and
diseased" so that they either die presently" or" i! they li*e" are
p&ny and &nhealthy. Other people are s&b8ect to dysenteries and ophthalmies"
and old men to catarrhs" 'hich .&ic(ly c&t them o!!.
1+. I! the s&mmer be dry and northerly and the a&t&mn rainy and so&therly"
headaches occ&r in 'inter" 'ith co&#hs" hoarsenesses" cory>ae" and
in some cases cons&mptions.
1-. B&t i! the a&t&mn be northerly and dry" it a#rees 'ell 'ith persons
o! a h&mid temperament" and 'ith 'omen$ b&t others 'ill be s&b8ect
to dry ophthalmies" ac&te !e*ers" cory>ae" and in some cases melancholy.
1/. O! the constit&tions o! the year" the dry" &pon the 'hole" are
more healthy than the rainy" and attended 'ith less mortality.
13. The diseases 'hich occ&r most !re.&ently in rainy seasons are"
protracted !e*ers" !l&%es o! the bo'els" morti!ications" epilepsies"
apople%ies" and .&insies$ and in dry" cons&mpti*e diseases" ophthalmies"
arthritic diseases" stran#&ries" and dysenteries.
14. 5ith re#ard to the states o! the 'eather 'hich contin&e b&t !or
a day" that 'hich is northerly" braces the body" #i*in# it tone" a#ility"
and color" impro*es the sense o! hearin#" dries &p the bo'els" pinches
the eyes" and a##ra*ates any pre*io&s pain 'hich may ha*e been seated
in the chest. B&t the so&therly rela%es the body" and renders it h&mid"
brin#s on d&llness o! hearin#" hea*iness o! the head" and *erti#o"
impairs the mo*ements o! the eyes and the 'hole body" and renders
the al*ine dischar#es 'atery.
16. 5ith re#ard to the seasons" in sprin# and in the commencement
o! s&mmer" children and those ne%t to them in a#e are most com!ortable"
and en8oy best health$ in s&mmer and d&rin# a certain portion o! a&t&mn"
old people$ d&rin# the remainder o! the a&t&mn and in 'inter" those
o! the intermediate a#es.
17. All diseases occ&r at all seasons o! the year" b&t certain o!
them are more apt to occ&r and be e%acerbated at certain seasons.
)9. The diseases o! sprin# are" maniacal" melancholic" and epileptic
disorders" bloody !l&%" .&insy" cory>a" hoarseness" co&#h" leprosy"
lichen alphos" e%anthemata mostly endin# in &lcerations" t&bercles"
and arthritic diseases.
)1. O! s&mmer" certain o! these" and contin&ed" ardent" and tertian
!e*ers" most especially *omitin#" diarrhoea" ophthalmy" pains o! the
ears" &lcerations o! the mo&th" morti!ications o! the pri*y parts"
and the s&damina.
)). O! a&t&mn" most o! the s&mmer" .&artan" and irre#&lar !e*ers"
enlar#ed spleen" dropsy" phthisis" stran#&ry" lientery" dysentery"
sciatica" .&insy" asthma" ile&s" epilepsy" maniacal and melancholic
disorders.
)+. O! 'inter" ple&risy" pne&monia" cory>a" hoarseness" co&#h" pains
o! the chest" pains o! the ribs and loins" headache" *erti#o" and
apople%y.
)-. In the di!!erent a#es the !ollo'in# complaints occ&r? to little
and ne'-born children" aphthae" *omitin#" co&#hs" sleeplessness" !ri#hts
in!lammation o! the na*el" 'atery dischar#es !rom the ears.
)/. At the approach o! dentition" pr&rit&s o! the #&ms" !e*ers" con*&lsions"
diarrhoea" especially 'hen c&ttin# the canine teeth" and in those
'ho are partic&larly !at" and ha*e constipated bo'els.
)3. To persons some'hat older" a!!ections o! the tonsils" inc&r*ation
o! the spine at the *ertebra ne%t the occip&t" asthma" calc&l&s" ro&nd
'orms" ascarides" acrochordon" satyriasm&s" str&ma" and other t&bercles
0phymata2" b&t especially the a!oresaid.
)4. To persons o! a more ad*anced a#e" and no' on the *er#e o! manhood"
the most o! these diseases" and" moreo*er" more chronic !e*ers" and
epista%is.
)6. @o&n# people !or the most part ha*e a crisis in their complaints"
some in !orty days" some in se*en months" some in se*en years" some
at the approach to p&berty$ and s&ch complaints o! children as remain"
and do not pass a'ay abo&t p&berty" or in !emales abo&t the commencement
o! menstr&ation" &s&ally become chronic.
)7. To persons past boyhood" haemoptysis" phthisis" ac&te !e*ers"
epilepsy" and other diseases" b&t especially the a!orementioned.
+9. To persons beyond that a#e" asthma" ple&risy" pne&monia" lethar#y"
phrenitis" ardent !e*ers" chronic diarrhoea" cholera" dysentery" lientery"
hemorrhoids.
+1. To old people dyspnoea" catarrhs accompanied 'ith co&#hs" dys&ria"
pains o! the 8oints" nephritis" *erti#o" apople%y" cache%ia" pr&rit&s
o! the 'hole body" insomnolency" de!l&%ions o! the bo'els" o! the
eyes" and o! the nose" dimness o! si#ht" cataract 0#la&coma2" and
d&llness o! hearin#.
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SECTION IA
1. 5e m&st p&r#e pre#nant 'omen" i! matters be t&r#id 0in a state
o! or#asm12" !rom the !o&rth to the se*enth month" b&t less !reely
in the latter$ in the !irst and last sta#es o! pre#nancy it sho&ld
be a*oided.
). In p&r#in# 'e sho&ld brin# a'ay s&ch matters !rom the body as it
'o&ld be ad*anta#eo&s had they come a'ay spontaneo&sly$ b&t those
o! an opposite character sho&ld be stopped.
+. I! the matters 'hich are p&r#ed be s&ch as sho&ld be p&r#ed" it
is bene!icial and 'ell borne$ b&t i! the contrary" 'ith di!!ic&lty.
-. 5e sho&ld rather p&r#e &p'ard in s&mmer" and do'n'ard in 'inter.
/. Abo&t the time o! the do#-days" and be!ore it" the administration
o! p&r#ati*es is &ns&itable.
3. ean persons 'ho are easily made to *omit sho&ld be p&r#ed &p'ard"
a*oidin# the 'inter season.
4. <ersons 'ho are di!!ic&lt to *omit" and are moderately !at" sho&ld
be p&r#ed do'n'ard" a*oidin# the s&mmer season.
6. 5e m&st be #&arded in p&r#in# phthisical persons &p'ard.
7. And !rom the same mode o! reasonin#" applyin# the opposite r&le
to melancholic persons" 'e m&st p&r#e them !reely do'n'ard.
19. In *ery ac&te diseases" i! matters be in a state o! or#asm" 'e
may p&r#e on the !irst day" !or it is a bad thin# to procrastinate
in s&ch cases.
11. Those cases in 'hich there are tormina" pains abo&t the &mbilic&s"
and pains abo&t the loins" not remo*ed either by p&r#ati*e medicines
or other'ise" &s&ally terminate in dry dropsy.
1). It is a bad thin# to p&r#e &p'ard in 'inter persons 'hose bo'els
are in a state o! lientery.
1+. <ersons 'ho are not easily p&r#ed &p'ard by the hellebores" sho&ld
ha*e their bodies moistened by plenty o! !ood and rest be!ore ta(in#
the dra&#ht.
1-. 5hen one ta(es a dra&#ht o! hellebore" one sho&ld be made to mo*e
more abo&t" and ind&l#e less in sleep and repose. Sailin# on the sea
sho's that motion disorders the body.
1/. 5hen yo& 'ish the hellebore to act more" mo*e the body" and 'hen
to stop" let the patient #et sleep and rest.
13. Hellebore is dan#ero&s to persons 'hose !lesh is so&nd" !or it
ind&ces con*&lsion.
14. Anore%ia" heartb&rn" *erti#o" and a bitter taste o! the mo&th"
in a person !ree !rom !e*er" indicate the 'ant o! p&r#in# &p'ard.
16. <ains seated abo*e the diaphra#m indicate p&r#in# &p'ard" and
those belo' it" do'n'ard.
17. <ersons 'ho ha*e no thirst 'hile &nder the action o! a p&r#ati*e
medicine" do not cease !rom bein# p&r#ed &ntil they become thirsty.
)9. I! persons !ree !rom !e*er be sei>ed 'ith tormina" hea*iness o!
the (nees" and pains o! the loins" this indicates that p&r#in# do'n'ard
is re.&ired.
)1. Al*ine de8ections 'hich are blac(" li(e blood" ta(in# place spontaneo&sly"
either 'ith or 'itho&t !e*er" are *ery bad$ and the more n&mero&s
and &n!a*orable the colors" so m&ch the 'orse$ 'hen 'ith medicine
it is better" and a *ariety o! colors in this case is not bad.
)). 5hen blac( bile is e*ac&ated in the be#innin# o! any disease 'hate*er"
either &p'ard or do'n'ard" it is a mortal symptom.
)+. In persons atten&ated !rom any disease" 'hether ac&te or chronic"
or !rom 'o&nds" or any other ca&se" i! there be a dischar#e either
o! blac( bile" or resemblin# blac( blood" they die on the !ollo'in#
day.
)-. =ysentery" i! it commence 'ith blac( bile" is mortal.
)/. Blood dischar#ed &p'ard" 'hate*er be its character" is a bad symptom"
b&t do'n'ard it is 0more12 !a*orable" and so also blac( de8ections.
)3. I! in a person ill o! dysentery" s&bstances resemblin# !lesh be
dischar#ed !rom the bo'els" it is a mortal symptom.
)4. In 'hate*er cases o! !e*er there is a copio&s hemorrha#e !rom
'hate*er channel" the bo'els are in a loose state d&rin# con*alescence.
)6. In all cases 'hate*er" bilio&s dischar#es cease i! dea!ness s&per*enes"
and in all cases dea!ness ceases 'hen bilio&s dischar#es s&per*ene.
)7. Bi#ors 'hich occ&r on the si%th day ha*e a di!!ic&lt crisis.
+9. =iseases attended 'ith paro%ysms" i! at the same ho&r that the
!e*er lea*es it ret&rn a#ain ne%t day" are o! di!!ic&lt crisis.
+1. In !ebrile diseases attended 'ith a sense o! lassit&de" deposits
!orm abo&t the 8oints" and especially those o! the 8a's.
+). In con*alescents !rom diseases" i! any part be pained" there deposits
are !ormed.
++. B&t i! any part be in a pain!&l state pre*io&s to the illness"
there the disease !i%es.
+-. I! a person laborin# &nder a !e*er" 'itho&t any s'ellin# in the
!a&ces" be sei>ed 'ith a sense o! s&!!ocation s&ddenly" it is a mortal
symptom.
+/. I! in a person 'ith !e*er" the become s&ddenly distorted" and
he cannot s'allo' &nless 'ith di!!ic&lty" altho&#h no s'ellin# be
present" it is a mortal symptom.
+3. S'eats" in !ebrile diseases" are !a*orable" i! they set in on
the third" !i!th" se*enth" ninth" ele*enth" !o&rteenth" se*enteenth"
t'enty-!irst" t'enty-se*enth" and thirty-!o&rth day" !or these s'eats
pro*e a crisis to the disease$ b&t s'eats not occ&rrin# th&s" indicate
pain" a protracted disease" and relapses.
+4. Cold s'eats occ&rrin# 'ith an ac&te !e*er" indicate death$ and
alon# 'ith a milder one" a protracted disease.
+6. And in 'hate*er part o! the body there is a s'eat" it sho's that
the disease is seated there.
+7. And in 'hate*er part o! the body heat or cold is seated" there
is disease.
-9. And 'here*er there are chan#es in the 'hole body" and i! the body
be alternately cold and hot" or i! one color s&cceed another" this
indicates a protracted disease.
-1. A copio&s s'eat a!ter sleep occ&rin# 'itho&t any mani!est ca&se"
indicates that the body is &sin# too m&ch !ood. B&t i! it occ&r 'hen
one is not ta(in# !ood" it indicates that e*ac&ation is re.&ired.
-). A copio&s s'eat" 'hether hot or cold" !lo'in# contin&o&sly" indicates"
the cold a #reater" and the hot a lesser disease.
-+. Fe*ers" not o! the intermittent type" 'hich are e%acerbated on
the third day" are dan#ero&s$ b&t i! they intermit in any !orm" this
indicates that they are not dan#ero&s.
--. In cases attended 'ith protracted !e*ers" t&bercles 0phymata2
or pains occ&r abo&t the 8oints.
-/. 5hen t&bercles 0phymata2 or pains attac( the 8oints a!ter !e*ers"
s&ch persons are &sin# too m&ch !ood.
-3. I! in a !e*er not o! the intermittent type a ri#or sei>e a person
already m&ch debilitated" it is mortal.
-4. In !e*ers not o! the intermittent type" e%pectorations 'hich are
li*id bloody" !etid and bilio&s" are all bad$ b&t i! e*ac&ated properly"
they are !a*orable. So it is 'ith the al*ine e*ac&ations and the &rine.
B&t i! none o! the proper e%cretions ta(e place by these channels"
it is bad.
-6. In !e*ers not o! the intermittent type" i! the e%ternal parts
be cold" b&t the internal be b&rnt &p" and i! there be thirst" it
is a mortal symptom.
-7. In a !e*er not o! the intermittent type" i! a lip" an eye-bro'"
an eye" or the nose" be distorted$ or i! there be loss o! si#ht or
o! hearin#" and the patient be in a 'ea( state-'hate*er o! these symptoms
occ&r" death is at hand.
/9. Apostemes in !e*ers 'hich are not resol*ed at the !irst crisis"
indicate a protracted disease.
/1. 5hen in a !e*er not o! the intermittent type dyspnoea and deliri&m
come on" the case is mortal.
/). 5hen persons in !e*ers" or in other illnesses" shed tears *ol&ntarily"
it is nothin# o&t o! place$ b&t 'hen they shed tears in*ol&ntarily"
it is more so.
/+. In 'hate*er cases o! !e*er *ery *iscid concretions !orm abo&t
the teeth" the !e*ers t&rn o&t to be partic&larly stron#.
/-. In 'hate*er case o! ardent !e*er dry co&#hs o! a tic(lin# nat&re
'ith sli#ht e%pectoration are lon# protracted" there is &s&ally not
m&ch thirst.
//. All !e*ers complicated 'ith b&boes are bad" e%cept ephemerals.
/3. S'eat s&per*enin# in a case o! the !e*er ceasin#" is bad" !or
the disease is protracted" and it indicates more copio&s h&mors.
/4. Fe*er s&per*enin# in a case o! con!irmed spasm" or o! tetan&s"
remo*es the disease.
/6. A ri#or s&per*enin# in a case o! ardent !e*er" prod&ces resol&tion
o! it.
/7. A tr&e tertian comes to a crisis in se*en periods at !&rthest.
39. 5hen in !e*ers there is dea!ness" i! blood r&n !rom the nostrils"
or the bo'els become disordered" it carries o!! the disease.
31. In a !ebrile complaint" i! the !e*er do not lea*e on the odd days"
it relapses.
3). 5hen 8a&ndice s&per*enes in !e*ers be!ore the se*enth day" it
a bad symptom" &nless there be 'atery dischar#es !rom the bo'els.
3+. In 'hate*er cases o! !e*er ri#ors occ&r d&rin# the day" the !e*ers
come to a resol&tion d&rin# the day.
3-. 5hen in cases o! !e*er 8a&ndice occ&rs on the se*enth" the ninth"
the ele*enth" or the !o&rteenth day" it is a #ood symptom" pro*ided
the hypochondriac re#ion be not hard. Other'ise it is not a #ood symptom.
3/. A stron# heat abo&t the stomach and cardial#ia are bad symptoms
in !e*ers.
33. In ac&te !e*ers" spasms" and stron# pains abo&t the bo'els are
bad symptoms.
34. In !e*ers" !ri#hts a!ter sleep" or con*&lsions" are a bad symptom.
36. In !e*ers" a stoppa#e o! the respiration is a bad symptom" !or
it indicates con*&lsions.
37. 5hen the &rine is thic(" #r&moss" and scanty in cases not !ree
!rom !e*er a copio&s dischar#e o! thinner &rine pro*es bene!icial.
S&ch a dischar#e more commonly ta(es place 'hen the &rine has had
a sediment !rom the !irst" or soon a!ter the commencement.
49. 5hen in !e*ers the &rine is t&rbid" li(e that o! a beast o! b&rden"
in s&ch a case there either is or 'ill be headache.
41. In cases 'hich come to a crisis on the se*enth day" the &rine
has a red n&bec&la on the !o&rth day" and the other symptoms accordin#ly.
4). 5hen the &rine is transparent and 'hite" it is bad$ it appears
principally in cases o! phrenitis.
4+. 5hen the hypochondriac re#ion is a!!ected 'ith meteorism and borbory#mi"
sho&ld pain o! the loins s&per*ene" the bo'els #et into a loose and
'atery state" &nless there be an er&ption o! !lat&s or a copio&s e*ac&ation
o! &rine. These thin#s occ&r in !e*ers.
4-. 5hen there is reason to e%pect that an abscess 'ill !orm in 8oints"
the abscess is carried o!! by a copio&s dischar#e o! &rine" 'hich
is thic(" and becomes 'hite" li(e 'hat be#ins to !orm in certain cases
o! .&artan !e*er" attended 'ith a sense o! lassit&de. It is also speedily
carried o!! by a hemorrha#e !rom the nose.
4/. Blood or p&s in the &rine indicates &lceration either o! the (idneys
or o! the bladder.
43. 5hen small !leshy s&bstances li(e hairs are dischar#ed alon# 'ith
thic( &rine" these s&bstances come !rom the (idneys.
44. In those cases 'here there are !&r!&raceo&s particles dischar#ed
alon# 'ith thic( &rine" there is scabies o! the bladder.
46. In those cases 'here there is a spontaneo&s dischar#e o! bloody
&rine" it indicates r&pt&re o! a small *ein in the (idneys.
47. In those cases 'here there is a sandy sediment in the &rine" there
is calc&l&s in the bladder 0or (idneys2.
69. I! a patient pass blood and clots in his &rine" and ha*e stran#&ry"
and i! a pain sei>e the hypo#astric re#ion and perine&m" the parts
abo&t the bladder are a!!ected.
61. I! a patient pass blood" p&s" and scales" in the &rine" and i!
it ha*e a hea*y smell" &lceration o! the bladder is indicated.
6). 5hen t&bercles !orm in the &rethra" i! these s&pp&rate and b&rst"
there is relie!.
6+. 5hen m&ch &rine is passed d&rin# the ni#ht" it indicates that
the al*ine e*ac&ations are scanty.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION A
1. A spasm !rom ta(in# hellebore is o! a !atal nat&re.
). Spasm s&per*enin# on a 'o&nd is !atal.
+. A con*&lsion" or hicc&p" s&per*enin# on a copio&s dischar#e o!
blood is bad.
-. A con*&lsion" or hicc&p" s&per*enin# &pon hypercatharsis is bad.
/. I! a dr&n(en person s&ddenly lose his speech" he 'ill die con*&lsed"
&nless !e*er come on" or he reco*er his speech at the time 'hen the
conse.&ences o! a deba&ch pass o!!.
3. S&ch persons as are sei>ed 'ith tetan&s die 'ithin !o&r days" or
i! they pass these they reco*er.
4. Those cases o! epilepsy 'hich come on be!ore p&berty may &nder#o
a chan#e$ b&t those 'hich come on a!ter t'enty-!i*e years o! a#e"
!or the most part terminate in death.
6. In ple&ritic a!!ections" 'hen the disease is not p&r#ed o!! in
!o&rteen days" it &s&ally terminates in empyema.
7. <hthisis most commonly occ&rs bet'een the a#es o! ei#hteen and
thirty-!i*e years.
19. <ersons 'ho escape an attac( o! .&insy" and 'hen the disease is
t&rned &pon the l&n#s" die in se*en days$ or i! they pass these they
become a!!ected 'ith empyema.
11. In persons a!!ected 'ith phthisis" i! the sp&ta 'hich they co&#h
&p ha*e a hea*y smell 'hen po&red &pon coals" and i! the hairs o!
the head !all o!!" the case 'ill pro*e !atal.
1). <hthisical persons" the hairs o! 'hose head !all o!!" die i! diarrhoea
set in.
1+. In persons 'ho co&#h &p !rothy blood" the dischar#e o! it comes
!rom the l&n#s.
1-. =iarrhoea attac(in# a person a!!ected 'ith phthisis is a mortal
symptom.
1/. <ersons 'ho become a!!ected 'ith empyema a!ter ple&risy" i! they
#et clear o! it in !orty days !rom the brea(in# o! it" escape the
disease$ b&t i! not" it passes into phthisis.
13. Heat prod&ces the !ollo'in# bad e!!ects on those 'ho &se it !re.&ently?
ener*ation o! the !leshy parts" impotence o! the ner*es" torpor o!
the &nderstandin#" hemorrha#es" deli.&ia" and" alon# 'ith these" death.
14. Cold ind&ces con*&lsions" tetan&s" morti!ication" and !ebrile
ri#ors.
16. Cold is inimical to the bones" the teeth" the ner*es" the brain"
and the spinal marro'" b&t heat is bene!icial.
17. S&ch parts as ha*e been con#ealed sho&ld be heated" e%cept 'here
there either is a hemorrha#e" or one is e%pected.
)9. Cold pinches &lcers" hardens the s(in" occasions pain 'hich does
not end in s&pp&ration" blac(ens" prod&ces !ebrile ri#ors" con*&lsions"
and tetan&s.
)1. In the case o! a m&sc&lar yo&th ha*in# tetan&s 'itho&t a 'o&nd"
d&rin# the midst o! s&mmer" it sometimes happens that the all&sion
o! a lar#e .&antity o! cold 'ater recalls the heat. Heat relie*es
these diseases.
)). Heat is s&pp&rati*e" b&t not in all (inds o! sores" b&t 'hen it
is" it !&rnishes the #reatest test o! their bein# !ree !rom dan#er.
It so!tens the s(in" ma(es it thin" remo*es pain" soothes ri#or" con*&lsions"
and tetan&s. It remo*es a!!ections o! the head" and hea*iness o! it.
It is partic&larly e!!icacio&s in !ract&res o! the bones" especially
o! those 'hich ha*e been e%posed" and most especially in 'o&nds o!
the head" and in morti!ications and &lcers !rom cold$ in herpes e%edens"
o! the an&s" the pri*y parts" the 'omb" the bladder" in all these
cases heat is a#reeable" and brin#s matters to a crisis$ b&t cold
is pre8&dicial" and does mischie!.
)+. Cold 'ater is to be applied in the !ollo'in# cases$ 'hen there
is a hemorrha#e" or 'hen it is e%pected" b&t not applied to the spot"
b&t aro&nd the spot 'hence the blood !lo's$ and in in!lammations and
in!lammatory a!!ections" inclinin# to a red and s&bsa#&ineo&s color"
and consistin# o! !resh blood" in these cases it is to be applied
b&t it occasions morti!ication in old cases$ and in erysipelas not
attended 'ith &lceration" as it pro*es in8&rio&s to erysipelas 'hen
&lcerated.
)-. Cold thin#s" s&ch as sno' and ice" are inimical to the chest"
bein# pro*ocati*e o! co&#hs" o! dischar#es o! blood" and o! catarrhs.
)/. S'ellin#s and pains in the 8oints" &lceration" those o! a #o&ty
nat&re" and sprains" are #enerally impro*ed by a copio&s a!!&sion
o! cold 'ater" 'hich red&ces the s'ellin#" and remo*es the pain$ !or
a moderate de#ree o! n&mbness remo*es pain.
)3. The li#htest 'ater is that 'hich is .&ic(ly heated and .&ic(ly
cooled.
)4. 5hen persons ha*e intense thirst" it is a #ood thin# i! they can
sleep o!! the desire o! drin(in#.
)6. F&mi#ation 'ith aromatics promotes menstr&ation" and 'o&ld be
&se!&l in many other cases" i! it did not occasion hea*iness o! the
head.
)7. 5omen in a state o! pre#nancy may be p&r#ed" i! there be any &r#ent
necessity 0or" i! the h&mors be in a state o! or#asm12" !rom the !o&rth
to the se*enth month" b&t less so in the latter case. In the !irst
and last periods it m&st be a*oided.
+9. It pro*es !atal to a 'oman in a state o! pre#nancy" i! she be
sei>ed 'ith any o! the ac&te diseases.
+1. I! a 'oman 'ith child be bled" she 'ill ha*e an abortion" and
this 'ill be the more li(ely to happen" the lar#er the !oet&s.
+). Haemoptysis in a 'oman is remo*ed by an er&ption o! the menses.
++. In a 'oman 'hen there is a stoppa#e the menses" a dischar#e o!
blood !rom the nose is #ood.
+-. 5hen a pre#nant 'oman has a *iolent diarrhoea" there is dan#er
o! her miscarryin#.
+/. Snee>in# occ&rrin# to a 'oman a!!ected 'ith hysterics" and in
di!!ic&lt labor" is a #ood symptom.
+3. 5hen the menstr&al dischar#e is o! a bad color and irre#&lar"
it indicates that the 'oman stands in need o! p&r#in#.
+4. In a pre#nant 'oman" i! the breasts s&ddenly lose their !&llness"
she has a miscarria#e.
+6. I!" in a 'oman pre#nant 'ith t'ins" either o! her breasts lose
its !&llness" she 'ill part 'ith one o! her children$ and i! it be
the ri#ht breast 'hich becomes slender" it 'ill be the male child"
or i! the le!t" the !emale.
+7. I! a 'oman 'ho is not 'ith child" nor has bro&#ht !orth" ha*e
mil(" her menses are obstr&cted.
-9. In 'omen" blood collected in the breasts indicates madness.
-1. I! yo& 'ish to ascertain i! a 'oman be 'ith child" #i*e her hydromel
to drin( 'hen she is #oin# to sleep" and has not ta(en s&pper" and
i! she be sei>ed 'ith tormina in the belly" she is 'ith child" b&t
other'ise she is not pre#nant.
-). A 'oman 'ith child" i! it be a male" has a #ood color" b&t i!
a !emale" she has a bad color.
-+. I! erysipelas o! the 'omb sei>e a 'oman 'ith child" it 'ill probably
pro*e !atal.
--. 5omen 'ho are *ery lean" ha*e miscarria#es 'hen they pro*e 'ith
child" &ntil they #et into better condition.
-/. 5hen 'omen" in a moderate condition o! body" miscarry in the second
or third month" 'itho&t any ob*io&s ca&se" their cotyledones are !illed
'ith m&cosity" and cannot s&pport the 'ei#ht o! the !oet&s" b&t are
bro(en as&nder.
-3. S&ch 'omen as are immoderately !at" and do not pro*e 'ith child"
in them it is beca&se the epiploon 0!at12 bloc(s &p the mo&th o! the
'omb" and &ntil it be red&ced" they do not concei*e.
-4. I! the portion o! the &ter&s seated near the hip-8oint s&pp&rate"
it #ets into a state re.&irin# to be treated 'ith tents.
-6. The male !oet&s is &s&ally seated in the ri#ht" and the !emale
in the le!t side.
-7. To proc&re the e%p&lsion o! the sec&ndines" apply a stern&tatory"
and sh&t the nostrils and mo&th.
/9. I! yo& 'ish to stop the menses in a 'oman" apply as lar#e a c&ppin#
instr&ment as possible to the breasts.
/1. 5hen 'omen are 'ith child" the mo&th o! their 'omb is closed.
/). I! in a 'oman 'ith child" m&ch mil( !lo' !rom the breasts" it
indicates that the !oet&s is 'ea($ b&t i! the breasts be !irm" it
indicates that the !oet&s is in a more healthy state.
/+. In 'omen that are abo&t to miscarry" the breasts become slender$
b&t i! a#ain they become hard" there 'ill be pain" either in the breasts"
or in the hip-8oints" or in the eyes" or in the (nees" and they 'ill
not miscarry.
/-. 5hen the mo&th o! the &ter&s is hard" it is also necessarily sh&t.
//. 5omen 'ith child 'ho are sei>ed 'ith !e*ers" and 'ho are #reatly
emaciated" 'itho&t any 0other12 ob*io&s ca&se" ha*e di!!ic&lt and
dan#ero&s labors" and i! they miscarry" they are in dan#er.
/3. In the !emale !l&% 0immoderate menstr&ation12" i! con*&lsion and
deli.&i&m come on" it is bad.
/4. 5hen the menses are e%cessi*e" diseases ta(e place" and 'hen the
menses are stopped" diseases !rom the &ter&s ta(e place.
/6. Stran#&ry s&per*enes &pon in!lammation o! the rect&m" and o! the
'omb" and stran#&ry s&per*enes &pon s&pp&ration o! the (idney" and
hicc&p &pon in!lammation o! the li*er.
/7. I! a 'oman do not concei*e" and 'ish to ascertain 'hether she
can concei*e" ha*in# 'rapped her &p in blan(ets" !&mi#ate belo'" and
i! it appear that the scent passes thro&#h the body to the nostrils
and mo&th" (no' that o! hersel! she is not &n!r&it!&l.
39. I! 'oman 'ith a child ha*e her co&rses" it is impossible that
the child can be healthy.
31. I! a 'oman,s co&rses be s&ppressed" and neither ri#or nor !e*er
has !ollo'ed" b&t she has been a!!ected 'ith na&sea" yo& may rec(on
her to be 'ith child.
3). 5omen 'ho ha*e the &ter&s cold and dense 0compact12 do not concei*e$
and those also 'ho ha*e the &ter&s h&mid" do not concei*e" !or the
semen is e%tin#&ished" and in 'omen 'hose &ter&s is *ery dry" and
*ery hot" the semen is lost !rom the 'ant o! !ood$ b&t 'omen 'hose
&ter&s is in an intermediate state bet'een these temperaments pro*e
!ertile.
3+. And in li(e manner 'ith respect to males$ !or either" o'in# to
the la%ity o! the body" the pne&ma is dissipated o&t'ardly" so as
not to propel the semen" or" o'in# to its density" the !l&id 0semen12
does not pass o&t'ardly$ or" o'in# to coldness" it is not heated so
as to collect in its proper place 0seminal *essels12" or" o'in# to
its heat" the *ery same thin# happens.
3-. It is a bad thin# to #i*e mil( to persons ha*in# headache" and
it is also bad to #i*e it in !e*ers" and to persons 'hose hypochondria
are s'elled &p" and tro&bled 'ith borbory#mi" and to thirsty persons$
it is bad also" 'hen #i*en to those 'ho ha*e bilio&s dischar#es in
ac&te !e*ers" and to those 'ho ha*e copio&s dischar#es o! blood$ b&t
it is s&itable in phthisical cases" 'hen not attended 'ith *ery m&ch
!e*er$ it is also to be #i*en in !e*ers o! a chronic and 'ea( nat&re"
'hen none o! the a!orementioned symptoms are present" and the patients
are e%cessi*ely emaciated.
3/. 5hen s'ellin#s appear on 'o&nds" s&ch cases are not li(ely to
be attac(ed either 'ith con*&lsions" or deliri&m" b&t 'hen these disappear
s&ddenly" i! sit&ated behind" spasms and tetan&s s&per*ene" and i!
be!ore" mania" ac&te pains o! the sides" or s&pp&rations" or dysentery"
i! the s'ellin#s be rather red.
33. 5hen no s'ellin# appears on se*ere and bad 'o&nds" it is a #reat
e*il.
34. In s&ch cases" the so!t are !a*orable$ and cr&de" &n!a*orable.
36. 5hen a person is pained in the bac( part o! the head" he is bene!ited
by ha*in# the strai#ht *ein in the !orehead opened.
37. Bi#ors commence in 'omen" especially at the loins" and spread
by the bac( to the head$ and in men also" rather in the posterior
than the anterior side o! the body" as !rom the arms and thi#hs$ the
s(in there is rare" as is ob*io&s !rom the #ro'th o! hair on them.
49. <ersons attac(ed 'ith .&artans are not readily attac(ed 'ith con*&lsions"
or i! pre*io&sly attac(ed 'ith con*&lsions" they cease i! a .&artan
s&per*ene.
41. In those persons in 'hom the s(in is stretched" and parched and
hard" the disease terminates 'itho&t s'eats$ b&t in those in 'hom
the s(in is loose and rare" it terminates 'ith s'eats.
4). <ersons disposed to 8a&ndice are not *ery s&b8ect to !lat&lence.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION AI
1. In cases o! chronic lientery" acid er&ctations s&per*enin# 'hen
there 'ere none pre*io&sly" is a #ood symptom.
). <ersons 'hose noses are nat&rally 'atery" and their seed 'atery"
ha*e rather a deran#ed state o! health$ b&t those in the opposite
state" a more !a*orable.
+. In protracted cases o! dysentery" loathin# o! !ood is a bad symptom"
and still 'orse" i! alon# 'ith !e*er.
-. ;lcers" attended 'ith a !allin# o!! o! the hair" are mali moris.
/. It deser*es to be considered 'hether the pains in the sides" and
in the breasts" and in the other parts" di!!er m&ch !rom one another.
3. =iseases abo&t the (idneys and bladder are c&red 'ith di!!ic&lty
in old men.
4. <ains occ&rrin# abo&t the stomach" the more s&per!icial they are"
the more sli#ht are they$ and the less s&per!icial" the more se*ere.
6. In dropsical persons" &lcers !ormin# on the body are not easily
healed.
7. Broad e%anthemata are not *ery itchy.
19. In a person ha*in# a pain!&l spot in the head" 'ith intense cephalal#ia"
p&s or 'ater r&nnin# !rom the nose" or by the mo&th" or at the ears"
remo*es the disease.
11. Hemorrhoids appearin# in melancholic and nephritic a!!ections
are !a*orable.
1). 5hen a person has been c&red o! chronic hemorrhoids" &nless one
be le!t" there is dan#er o! dropsy or phthisis s&per*enin#.
1+. Snee>in# comin# on" in the case o! a person a!!licted 'ith hicc&p"
remo*es the hicc&p.
1-. In a case o! dropsy" 'hen the 'ater r&ns by the *eins into the
belly" it remo*es the disease.
1/. In con!irmed diarrhoea" *omitin#" 'hen it comes on spontaneo&sly"
remo*es the diarrhoea.
13. A diarrhoea s&per*enin# in a con!irmed case o! ple&risy or pne&monia
is bad.
14. It is a #ood thin# in ophthalmy !or the patient to be sei>ed 'ith
diarrhoea.
16. A se*ere 'o&nd o! the bladder" o! the brain" o! the heart" o!
the diaphra#m" o! the small intestines" o! the stomach" and o! the
li*er" is deadly.
17. 5hen a bone" cartila#e" ner*e" the slender part o! the 8a'" or
prep&ce" are c&t o&t" the part is neither restored" nor does it &nite.
)9. I! blood be po&red o&t preternat&rally into a ca*ity" it m&st
necessarily become corr&pted.
)1. In maniacal a!!ections" i! *arices or hemorrhoids come on" they
remo*e the mania.
)). Those r&pt&res in the bac( 'hich spread do'n to the elbo's are
remo*ed by *enesection.
)+. I! a !ri#ht or despondency lasts !or a lon# time" it is a melancholic
a!!ection.
)-. I! any o! the intestines be trans!i%ed" it does not &nite.
)/. It is not a #ood si#n !or an erysipelas spreadin# o&t'ardly to
be determined in'ard$ b&t !or it to be determined o&t'ard !rom 'ithin
is #ood.
)3. In 'hate*er cases o! ardent !e*er tremors occ&r" they are carried
o!! by a deliri&m.
)4. Those cases o! empyema or dropsy 'hich are treated by incision
or the ca&tery" i! the 'ater or p&s !lo' rapidly all at once" certainly
pro*e !atal.
)6. E&n&chs do not ta(e the #o&t" nor become bald.
)7. A 'oman does not ta(e the #o&t" &nless her menses be stopped.
+9. A yo&n# man does not ta(e the #o&t &ntil he ind&l#es in coition.
+1. <ains o! the eyes are remo*ed by drin(in# p&re 'ine" or the bath"
or a !omentation" or *enesection" or p&r#in#.
+). <ersons 'hose speech has become impaired are li(ely to be sei>ed
'ith chronic diarrhoea.
++. <ersons ha*in# acid er&ctations are not *ery apt to be sei>ed
'ith ple&risy.
+-. <ersons 'ho ha*e become bald are not s&b8ect to lar#e *arices$
b&t sho&ld *arices s&per*ene &pon persons 'ho are bald" their hair
a#ain #ro's thic(.
+/. Hicc&p s&per*enin# in dropsical cases is bad.
+3. Aenesection c&res dys&ria$ open the internal *eins o! the arm.
+4. It is a #ood symptom 'hen s'ellin# on the o&tside o! the nec(
sei>es a person *ery ill o! .&insy" !or the disease is t&rned o&t'ardly.
+6. It is better not to apply any treatment in cases o! occ&lt cancer$
!or" i! treated" the patients die .&ic(ly$ b&t i! not treated" they
hold o&t !or a lon# time.
+7. Con*&lsions ta(e place either !rom repletion or depletion$ and
so it is 'ith hicc&p.
-9. 5hen pains" 'itho&t in!lammation" occ&r abo&t the hypochondria"
in s&ch cases" !e*er s&per*enin# remo*es the pain.
-1. 5hen p&s !ormed any'here in the body does not point" this is o'in#
to the thic(ness o! the part.
-). In cases o! 8a&ndice" it is a bad symptom 'hen the li*er becomes
ind&rated.
-+. 5hen persons ha*in# lar#e spleens are sei>ed 'ith dysentery" and
i! the dysentery pass into a chronic state" either dropsy or lientery
s&per*enes" and they die.
--. 5hen ile&s comes on in a case o! stran#&ry" they pro*e !atal in
se*en days" &nless" !e*er s&per*enin#" there be a copio&s dischar#e
o! &rine.
-/. 5hen &lcers contin&e open !or a year or &p'ard" there m&st necessarily
be e%!oliation o! bone" and the cicatrices are hollo'.
-3. S&ch persons as become h&mp-bac(ed !rom asthma or co&#h be!ore
p&berty" die.
-4. <ersons 'ho are bene!ited by *enesection or p&r#in#" sho&ld be
bled or p&r#ed in sprin#.
-6. In enlar#ement o! the spleen" it is a #ood symptom 'hen dysentery
comes on.
-7. In #o&ty a!!ections" the in!lammation s&bsides in the co&rse o!
!orty days.
/9. 5hen the brain is se*erely 'o&nded" !e*er and *omitin# o! bile
necessarily s&per*ene.
/1. 5hen persons in #ood health are s&ddenly sei>ed 'ith pains in
the head" and strai#ht'ay are laid do'n speechless" and breathe 'ith
stertor" they die in se*en days" &nless !e*er come on.
/). 5e m&st attend to the appearances o! the eyes in sleep" as presented
!rom belo'$ !or i! a portion o! the 'hite be seen bet'een the closed
eyelids" and i! this be not connected 'ith diarrhaea or se*ere p&r#in#"
it is a *ery bad and mortal symptom.
/+. =eliri&m attended 'ith la&#hter is less dan#ero&s than deliri&m
attended 'ith a serio&s mood.
/-. In ac&te diseases" complicated 'ith !e*er" a moanin# respiration
is bad.
//. For the most part" #o&ty a!!ections ran(le in sprin# and in a&t&mn.
/3. In melancholic a!!ections" determinations o! the h&mor 'hich occasions
them prod&ce the !ollo'in# diseases$ either apople%y o! the 'hole
body" or con*&lsion" or madness" or blindness.
/4. <ersons are most s&b8ect to apople%y bet'een the a#es o! !orty
and si%ty.
/6. I! the oment&m protr&de" it necessarily morti!ies and drops o!!.
/7. In chronic diseases o! the hip-8oint" i! the bone protr&de and
ret&rn a#ain into its soc(et" there is m&cosity in the place.
39. In persons a!!ected 'ith chronic disease o! the hip-8oint" i!
the bone protr&de !rom its soc(et" the limb becomes 'asted and maimed"
&nless the part be ca&teri>ed.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION AII
1. In ac&te diseases" coldness o! the e%tremities is bad.
). i*id !lesh on a diseased bone is bad.
+. Hicc&p and redness o! the eyes" 'hen they s&per*ene on *omitin#"
are bad.
-. A chill s&per*enin# on a s'eat is not #ood.
/. =ysentery" or dropsy" or ecstacy comin# on madness is #ood.
3. In a *ery protracted disease" loss o! appetite and &nmi%ed dischar#es
!rom the bo'els are bad symptoms.
4. A ri#or and deliri&m !rom e%cessi*e drin(in# are bad.
6. From the r&pt&re o! an internal abscess" prostration o! stren#th"
*omitin#" and deli.&i&m animi res&lt.
7. =eliri&m or con*&lsion !rom a !lo' o! blood is bad.
19. Aomitin#" or hicc&p" or con*&lsion" or deliri&m" in ile&s" is
bad.
11. <ne&monia comin# on ple&risy is bad.
1). <hrenitis alon# 'ith pne&monia is bad.
1+. Con*&lsion or tetan&s" comin# &pon se*ere b&rnin#" is bad.
1-. St&por or deliri&m !rom a blo' on the head is bad.
1/. From a spittin# o! blood there is a spittin# o! p&s.
13. From spittin# o! p&s arise phthisis and a !l&%$ and 'hen the sp&ta
are stopped" they die.
14. Hicc&p in in!lammation o! the li*er bad.
16. Con*&lsion or deliri&m s&per*enin# &pon insomnolency is bad.
16a. Tremblin# &pon lethar#&s is bad.
17. Erysipelas &pon e%pos&re o! a bone 0is bad12.
)9. Corti!ication or s&pp&ration &pon erysipelas is bad.
)1. Hemorrha#e &pon a stron# p&lsation in 'o&nds is bad.
)). S&pp&ration &pon a protracted pain o! the parts abo&t the bo'els
is bad.
)+. =ysentery &pon &nmi%ed al*ine dischar#es is bad.
)-. =eliri&m &pon di*ision o! the crani&m" i! it penetrate into the
ca*ity o! the head" is bad.
)/. Con*&lsion &pon se*ere p&r#in# is mortal.
)3. ;pon se*ere pain o! the parts abo&t the bo'els" coldness o! the
e%tremities comin# on is bad.
)4. Tenesm&s comin# on in a case o! pre#nancy ca&ses abortion.
)6. 5hate*er piece o! bone" cartila#e" or ner*e 0tendon12 is c&t o!!"
it neither #ro's nor &nites.
)7. 5hen stron# diarrhoea s&per*enes in a case o! le&cophle#matia"
it remo*es the disease.
+9. In those cases in 'hich !rothy dischar#es occ&r in diarrhoea there
are de!l&%ions !rom the head.
+1. 5hen there is a !arinaceo&s sediment in the &rine d&rin# !e*er"
it indicates a protracted illness.
+). In those cases in 'hich the &rine is thin at !irst" and the sediments
become bilio&s" an ac&te disease is indicated.
++. In those cases in 'hich the &rine becomes di*ided there is #reat
disorder in the body.
+-. 5hen b&bbles settle on the s&r!ace o! the &rine" they indicate
disease o! the (idneys" and that the complaint 'ill be protracted.
+/. 5hen the sc&m on the s&r!ace is !atty and copio&s" it indicates
ac&te diseases o! the (idneys.
+3. 5hene*er the a!orementioned symptoms occ&r in nephritic diseases"
and alon# 'ith them ac&te pains abo&t the m&scles o! the bac(" pro*ided
these be seated abo&t the e%ternal parts" yo& may e%pect that there
'ill be an abscess$ b&t i! the pains be rather abo&t the internal
parts" yo& may also rather e%pect that the abscess 'ill be seated
internally.
+4. Haematemesis" 'itho&t !e*er" does not pro*e !atal" b&t 'ith !e*er
it is bad$ it is to be treated 'ith re!ri#erant and styptic thin#s.
+6. =e!l&%ions into the ca*ity o! the chest s&pp&rate in t'enty days.
+7. 5hen a patient passes blood and clots" and is sei>ed 'ith stran#&ry
and pain in the perine&m and p&bes" disease abo&t the bladder is indicated.
-9. I! the ton#&e s&ddenly lose its po'ers" or a part o! the body
become apoplectic" the a!!ection is o! a melancholic nat&re.
-1. In hypercatharsis" o! old persons" hicc&p s&per*enin# is not a
#ood symptom.
-). In a !e*er" is not o! a bilio&s nat&re" a copio&s all&sion o!
hot 'ater &pon the head remo*es the !e*er.
-+. A 'oman does not become ambide%tero&s.
--. 5hen empyema is treated either by the ca&tery or incision" i!
p&re and 'hite p&s !lo' !rom the 'o&nd" the patients reco*er$ b&t
i! mi%ed 'ith blood" slimy and !etid" they die.
-/. 5hen abscess o! the li*er is treated by the ca&tery or incision"
i! the p&s 'hich is dischar#ed be p&re and 'hite" the patients reco*er"
0!or in this case it is sit&ated in the coats o! the li*er$2 b&t i!
it resemble the lees o! oil as it !lo's" they die.
-3. <ains o! the eyes are remo*ed by drin(in# &ndil&ted 'ine" plenteo&s
bathin# 'ith hot 'ater" and *enesection.
-4. I! a dropsical patient be sei>ed 'ith hicc&p the case is hopeless.
-6. Stran#&ry and dys&ria are c&red by drin(in# p&re 'ine" and *enesection$
open the *ein on the inside.
-7. It is a #ood si#n 'hen s'ellin# and redness on the breast sei>e
a person *ery ill o! .&insy" !or in this case the disease is di*erted
o&t'ardly.
/9. 5hen the brain is attac(ed 'ith sphacel&s" the patients die in
three days$ or i! they escape these" they reco*er.
/1. Snee>in# arises !rom the head" o'in# to the brain bein# heated"
or the ca*ity 0*entricle2 in the head bein# !illed 'ith h&mors$ the
air con!ined in it then is dischar#ed" and ma(es a noise" beca&se
it comes thro&#h a narro' passa#e.
/). Fe*er s&per*enin# on pain!&l a!!ections o! the li*er remo*es the
pain.
/+. Those persons to 'hom it is bene!icial to ha*e blood ta(en !rom
their *eins" sho&ld ha*e it done in sprin#.
/-. In those cases 'here phle#m is collected bet'een the diaphra#m
and the stomach" and occasions pain" as not !indin# a passa#e into
either o! the ca*ities" the disease 'ill be carried o!! i! the phle#m
be di*erted to the bladder by the *eins.
//. 5hen the li*er is !illed 'ith 'ater and b&rsts into the epiploon"
in this case the belly is !illed 'ith 'ater and the patient dies.
/3. An%iety" ya'nin#" ri#or"-'ine dr&n( 'ith an e.&al proportion o!
'ater" remo*es these complaints.
/4. 5hen t&bercles 0phymata2 !orm in the &rethra" i! they s&pp&rate
and b&rst" the pain is carried o!!.
/6. In cases o! conc&ssion o! the brain prod&ced by any ca&se" the
patients necessarily lose their speech.
/7. In a person a!!ected 'ith !e*er" 'hen there is no s'ellin# in
the !a&ces" sho&ld s&!!ocation s&ddenly come on" and the patient not
be able to s'allo'" e%cept 'ith di!!ic&lty" it is a mortal symptom.
/7a. In the case o! a person oppressed by !e*er" i! the nec( be t&rned
aside" and the patient cannot s'allo'" 'hile there is no s'ellin#
in the nec(" it is a mortal si#n.
39. Fastin# sho&ld be prescribed the those persons 'ho ha*e h&mid
!lesh$ !or !astin# dries bodies.
31. 5hen there are chan#es in the 'hole body" and the body becomes
sometimes cold and sometimes hot" and the color chan#es" a protracted
disease is indicated.
3). A copio&s s'eat" hot or cold" constantly !lo'in#" indicates a
s&perab&ndance o! h&midity$ 'e m&st e*ac&ate then" in a stron# person
&p'ard" and in a 'ea(" do'n'ard.
3+. Fe*ers" not o! the intermittent type" i! they become e%acerbated
e*ery third day are dan#ero&s$ b&t i! they intermit in any !orm 'hate*er"
this sho's that they are not dan#ero&s.
3-. In cases o! protracted !e*er" either chronic abscesses or pains
in the 8oints come on.
3/. 5hen chronic abscesses 0phymata2 or pains in the 8oints ta(e place
a!ter !e*ers" the patients are &sin# too m&ch !ood.
33. I! one #i*e to a person in !e*er the same !ood 'hich is #i*en
to a person in #ood health" 'hat is stren#th to the one is disease
to the other.
34. 5e m&st loo( to the &rinary e*ac&ations" 'hether they resemble
those o! persons in health$ i! not at all so" they are partic&larly
morbid" b&t i! they are li(e those o! healthy persons" they are not
at all morbid.
36. 5hen the de8ections are allo'ed to stand and not sha(en" and a
sediment is !ormed li(e scrapin#s 0o! the bo'els2" in s&ch a case
it is proper to p&r#e the bo'els$ and i! yo& #i*e ptisans be!ore p&r#in#"
the more yo& #i*e the more harm yo& 'ill do.
37. Cr&de de8ections are the prod&ct o! blac( bile$ i! ab&ndant" o!
more copio&s" and i! de!icient" o! less copio&s collections o! it.
49. The sp&ta in !e*ers" not o! an intermittent type" 'hich are li*id"
strea(ed 'ith blood" and !etid" are all bad" it is !a*orable 'hen
this e*ac&ation" li(e the &rinary and al*ine" passes !reely$ and 'hene*er
any dischar#e is s&ppressed and not p&r#ed o!! it is bad.
41. 5hen yo& 'ish to p&r#e the body" yo& m&st brin# it into a state
!a*orable to e*ac&ations$ and i! yo& 'ish to dispose it to e*ac&ations
&p'ard" yo& m&st bind the belly$ and i! yo& 'ish to dispose it to
e*ac&ations do'n'ard" yo& m&st moisten the belly.
4). Sleep and 'atch!&lness" both o! them" 'hen immoderate" constit&te
disease.
4+. In !e*ers 'hich do not intermit" i! the e%ternal parts be cold"
and the internal b&rnin# hot" and !e*er pre*ail" it is a mortal si#n.
4-. In a !e*er 'hich does not intermit" i! a lip" the nose" or an
eye be distorted" i! the patient lose his sense o! si#ht or o! hearin#"
'hile no' in a 'ea( state"-'hate*er o! these symptoms occ&rs it is
mortal.
4/. ;pon le&cophle#matia dropsy s&per*enes.
43. ;pon diarrhoea dysentery.
44. ;pon dysentery lientery.
46. ;pon sphacel&s e%!oliation o! the bone.
47 and 69. ;pon *omitin# o! blood cons&mption" and a p&r#in# o! p&s
&p'ard$ &pon cons&mption a de!l&%ion !rom the head$ &pon a de!l&%ion
diarrhoea$ &pon diarrhoea a stoppa#e o! the p&r#in# &p'ard$ &pon the
stoppa#e o! it death.
61. In the dischar#es by the bladder" the belly" and the !lesh 0the
s(in12 i! the body has departed sli#htly !rom its nat&ral condition"
the disease is sli#ht$ i! m&ch" it is #reat$ i! *ery m&ch" it is mortal.
6). <ersons abo*e !orty years o! a#e 'ho are a!!ected 'ith !ren>y"
do not readily reco*er$ the dan#er is less 'hen the disease is co#nate
to the constit&tion and a#e.
6+. In 'hate*er diseases the eyes 'eep *ol&ntarily" it is a #ood symptom"
b&t 'hen in*ol&ntarily" it is a bad.
6-. 5hen in .&artan !e*ers blood !lo's !rom the nostrils it is a bad
symptom.
6/. S'eats are dan#ero&s 'hen they do not occ&r on critical days"
'hen they are stron#" and .&ic(ly !orced o&t o! the !orehead" either
in the !orm o! drops or in streams" and i! e%cessi*ely cold and copio&s$
!or s&ch a s'eat m&st proceed !rom *iolence" e%cess o! pain" and prolon#ed
s.&ee>in# 0a!!liction12.
63. In a chronic disease an e%cessi*e !l&% !rom the bo'els is bad.
64. Those diseases 'hich medicines do not c&re" iron 0the (ni!e12
c&res$ those 'hich iron cannot c&re" !ire c&res$ and those 'hich !ire
cannot c&re" are to be rec(oned 'holly inc&rable.
THE EN=