CirculationofBlood(Summary)

Fromthislectureyoushould:

1.recognisethemajorcomponentsoftheCVS.
heart
bloodvessels(particularlythemicrocirculation)
blood(especiallyitsvolume)
2.identifythesecondarynervousandhormonalelementswhichcontroland
integratethefunctionsofCVSwiththeactivityofothersystems.
sympatheticandparasympatheticbranchesoftheANS
hormonessuchasadrenaline,etc.
3.understandthattheheartisafourchambered,doublesidedpumpsupplying
theseparatepulmonaryandsystemiccirculationsandidentifythedetailed
featuresoftheheartchambers.
atria
ventricles
4.knowthenamesandfunctionsofthecardiacvalves.
AVvalves(mitralandbicuspid)
aorticvalve
pulmonaryvalve
5.identifythenormalpathfollowedbybloodthroughthepulmonaryand
systemiccirculations.
rightatriumrightventriclepulmonarytrunkpulmonaryarteries
lungspulmonaryveinsleftatriumleftventricleaortaarteries
tissuesveinsvenacavarightatrium
6.recognisethecomponentpartsofthemicrocirculation.
arterioles
precapillarysphincters
capillaries
venules
7.understandthattheparallelarrangementofbloodsuppliestodifferentorgans,
allowsindependentregulationofbloodflow.
8.knowthenormalrestingdistributionoftotalcardiacoutputtothedifferent
tissuesofthebody.
9.recognisethespecialfeaturesofmyocardialmuscleandthedifferencesbetween
itandskeletalmuscle.
striated
connectedviaintercalateddiscs
electricalconnectionthroughgapjunctions
desmosomeswhichphysicallyconnectmusclecellstogether

Primary Components Secondary Control Components



HEART
BLOOD
VESSELS
HORMONES,
ETC.
BLOOD
(VOLUME)
AUTONOMIC
NERVES


Activity of the nervous and hormonal components involves
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM control to regulate the function of
the heart, blood vessels, etc. to ensure the overall activity of the CVS,
INTEGRATES with the activity and functions of the RESPIRATORY
and RENAL systems.



Blood after it is delivered to any organ by its supply artery is
distributed to the individual cells within the organ by the
MICROCIRCULATION.

FEATURES OF THE MICROCIRCULATION

ARTERIOLES
(smallest diameter muscular walled arteries)

PRECAPILLARY SPHINCTERS
(rings of smooth muscle which control entry of blood from
arteriole into each capillary)

CAPILLARIES
(smallest diameter blood vessel: simple tube, one cell thick, of
flattened endothelial cells)

VENULES
(smallest diameter vessels which drain blood back to the larger
true veins)