The Chinese Revolution

A series of political upheavals between 1911-1949 that ended the dynasties and led to
communist rule.
Standard: 3.1.b
Internet Resources
http://www.tiscali.co.u/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m!!!"#!3.html: Story of
$hinese %evolution &'uic 1 (a)e Summary*
http://www.aasianst.or)/+AA/1!-3-supplemental.htm: ,andouts with primary %esources
from $ultural %evolution
http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/china/modern/lon)-stu.htm: .ocus on /ao 0edon)
People
1. /ao 0edon)
1. Sun 2et-sen
3. 'uin) +mperors
4. %ed 3uard
". 4ationalist (arty
Causes
1. $ontrol of $hina by other countries
1. 5nfair treatment of peasants
3. 2oun) people6s desire to moderni7e $hina
Immediate Effects
1. +nd of 8ynasties in $hina
1. $ulture of .ear in $hina caused by %ed 3uard
3. .ailin) +conomy because the %ed 3uard put so many worers out of wor.
4. 8estruction of Schools in pursuit of stampin) out any reminder of the past.
Long Lasting Effects on the Modern World
1. 9ar)e amount of uneducated worers due to the destruction of education- they play
into many countries6 economies today.
1. 8estroyed their art and anythin) that symboli7ed the old world- we don6t have it today
3. $urrent tensions between $hina and :ibet
Maps
http://unimaps.com/china1911/inde;.html
http://users.erols.com/mwhite1</chin-rev.htm
Summary
$hina had been under a 'in) &$hin)* +mperor since the mid-1#!!6s when in the
19!!6s little parts of $hina were bein) taen over by outside countries. :he youn) people
of $hina at the time were very upset with this and the emperor for not stoppin) it. :his
unrest led to the development of the (eople6s 4ationalist (arty= led by Sun 2at-sen. >n
1911 the (eople6s 4ationalist (arty forced the emperor out and created a republican
)overnment. :he (eople6s 4ationalist party was unable to unite $hina or force out the
various countries that were claimin) land there.
?hen Sun 2at-sen died $hian) @ai-she too his place and built up the
nationalist army. ?ith his army he reclaimed $hinese land from other countries. :hen the
4ationalist (arty split formin) a $ommunist party who believed that the peasants should
have a say in the )overnment. $hian) @ai-she disa)reed with this and sided with the
wealthy farmers. ,e then forced all the communists into a small area in southern $hina.
:he e;iled $ommunist started an e;odus to 2an6an in 4orthwestern $hina. :his #=!!!-
mile tre is nown as the 9on) /arch= and only <=!!! of the 1!!=!! communists
survived. 8urin) the 9on) /arch 4ationalists attaced and the $ommunists found a
leader= /ao 0edon).
/ao and the $ommunists claimed the 4orthwest lowerin) ta;es and )ivin) the
peasants more power. As more and more $hinese heard of /ao6s chan)es they Aoined the
communists. +ventually a communist army put to)ether by /ao drove $hian) @ai-she
and the 4ationalists out of $hina and into :aiwan. /ao now started main) chan)es all
over $hina. +conomically he set up "-year plans that focused on main) farmin)
communes and )rowin) industry. ,e also appointed fellow communist believers to
important )overnment positions.
Around 19## /ao decided that not enou)h people were supportin) his
)overnment= so he decided that the country needed a $ultural %evolution. ,e )ot colle)e
students and youn) people involved in destroyin) the past. :he tore down architecture
that was representative of the past. :he destroyed art and boos from the days of the
emperors. /ao also put to)ether the red )uard which Buestioned people about the
alle)iance to the communists and even Aailed or e;ecuted individuals who they thou)ht
were not )ood communists. ,owever in 19#< /ao put a stop to the $ultural %evolution
feelin) it had )one too far.