MINERAL COLOR

23 CHRYSOCOLLA ranges from green to blue

44 Hematite reddish black
39 Calcite white
3 Gypsum white
3 Tremolite brown
28 Chalcedony grayish
50 Geothite dark brown
18 Gypsum Translucent white
Calcite tansparent
29 Datolite
13 Bornite bronze
11 Barite grayish white
38 Talc White
7 Quartz
7 Cassiterite black
26 Graphite dark gray
5 Rutile light red
30 Quartz Colorless
27 Tremolite white
19 Bauxite flesh
4 Wulfenite orange yellow
48 Chromite black
20 Beryl light green
15 Galena dark gray
25 Augite black
49 Kashinite dark gray
46 Bromite
2 Dolomite white
14 Magnetite iron black
12 Tourmaline (uvite) black
21 Pectolite* gray
213 Actinolite Black
32 Orthoclase pink
STREAK TEXTURE
light green Earthy; Stalactic
maroon earthy; blocky
white massive
white tabular
white massive; columnar
botryoidal
brown platy; massive
white silky; tabular
gray black distorted cubes; granular
white prismatic; massive
white massive, powdery
brownish white massive
black Tabular
gray black prismatic; massive
white prismaic; geode
white columnar; massive
white; iron stain can discolor massive; pisolitic
yellowish white tabular; massive
brown massive; granular
white prismatic
gray black massive; granular
greenish gray compact; lamellar
granular
white blocky; massive
black massive; granular
light brown prismatic
white acicular
white bladed
white blocky; massive
HARDNESS LUSTRE FRACTURE
2.5-3.5 vitreous sectile
6 dull conchoidal
3 glassy perfect cleavage; conchoidal fracture
2 pearly perfect cleavage; f ibrousfracture
vitreous subconchoidal; distinct cleavage planes
7 earthy conchoidal
5-5.5 earthy uneven
2 pearly perfect cleavage; fibrous fracture
3 metallic conchoidal
3-3.5 vitreous uneven
1 pearly uneven
7-Jun adamantine; greasy perfect cleavage; irregular fracture
1.5-2 submetallic perfect cleavage; sectile fracture
6-6.5 submetallic 2 smooth cleavage planes; uneven fracture
7 vitreous conchoidal fracture
6 to 5 pearly perfect cleavage; subconchoidal fracture
1 to 3 dull uneven fracture
3 resinous perfect cleavage(1); conchoidal fracture
5.5 metallic uneven fracture
7.5-8 resinous imperfect cleavage(1); conchoidal fracture
2.5 metallic perfect cleavage(4); brittle fracture(rare)
5 to6 dull perfect cleavage(2); uneven fracture
7.5 metallic brittle fracture
3.5-4 vitreous perfect cleavage(3); conchoidal fracture
5.5-6.5 submetallic conchoidal fracture
7.5 vitreous conchoidal fracture
5 silky splintery
5.5 vitreous splintery
6 vitreous good cleavage(2); uneven fracture
RELATIVE DENSITY CHEMISTRY CRYSTAL SYSTEM
2.15 (Cu,Al)2H2Si2O5(OH)4n(H2O) orthorhombic
5 Fe
2
O
3
hexagonal
2.5 CaCO3 hexagonal
2.3 CaSO4 2H2O monoclinic
3 Ca
2
Mg
5
(Si
8
O
22
)(OH)
2
monoclinic
2.7 SiO
2
trigonal
FeO(OH) orthorhombic
2.3 CaSO4 2H2O monoclinic
5 Cu5FeS4 orthorhombic
4.5 Ba(SO4) orthorhombic
2.7 Mg
3
Si
4
O
10
(OH)
2
monoclinic
7 SnO
2
tetragonal
2.16 C hexagonal
4.25 TiO
2
tetragonal
2.62 SiO
2
trigonal
3.05 Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2 monoclinic
hydrous aluminous oxides
6.75 Pb(MoO4) tetragonal
4.79 Fe
2+
Cr
2
O
4
isometric
2.76 Be
3
Al
2
Si
6
O
18
hexagonal
7.4 PbS isometric
3.4 (Ca, Na)(Mg, Fe, Al)(Al, Si)2 O6 monoclinic
9.1 (Ir,Rh)2S3 orthorhombic
2.84 CaMg(CO3)2 trigonal
5.15 Fe3O4 isometric
3.15 Ca(Mg, Fe)3Al5MgSi6O18(BO3)3(OH)3 trigonal
2.86 NaCa
2
(Si
3
O
8
)(OH) triclinic
3.04 Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 monoclinic
KAlSi3O8 monoclinic
PARAGENESIS
oxidized portions of copper deposits
sublimate in volcanic rocks; hydrothermal
major rock-forming mineal
sedimentary evaporite deposits
contact metamorphism with Ca rich rocks
sedimentary, metamorhpic and igneous
forms as a matrix for other minerals
sedimentary evaporite deposits
disseminated in igneous intrusions
sedimentary rocks
hydrothermal alteration of magnesian silicates
granite pegmatites and alluvial placer deposits
metamorphosed limestones; coal beds
accessory mineral in igneous rocks
most common mineral in rocks
contact metamorphism with Ca rich rocks
formed from laterite soil that has been leached of silica
secondary lead mineral
found in ultramafic portions of layered mafic intrusions
Mainly granitic pegmatites
Lead sulfide ore veins, and disseminated in igneous and sedimentary rocks
basic igneous and metamorphic rocks
In placer deposits derived from ultramafic rocks
sedimentary rock-forming mineral; found in sed rock sequences
accessory mineral in igneous and metamorphic rocks; biological prod
pegmatitic rocks
secondary mineral in basaltic rocks
metamorphic rocks
Intrusive and extrusive igneous, and metamorphic rocks
USES ASSOC. MINERALS
minor ore of copper copper, malachite, tenorite
ilmenite, rutile, magnetite
dolomite, fluorite, barite, pyrite
plaster products halite, calcite, dolomite, sulfur
calcite, dolomite, wollastonite, talc
ornamental purposes microclines, tourmalines, fluorite, gold
pigment; important iron ore mostly second deposit minerals
plaster products halite, calcite, dolomite, sulfur
major ore of copper magnetite, pyrite, chalcopyrite
major ore of barium chalcopyrite. Aragonite, fluorite, quartz
talcum powder serpentine, dolomite, pyroxenes
major ore of tin tourmalines, molybdenite, topaz
lubricant; pencil leads quartz, calcite, mica, tourmaline
titanium ore; pigment and ornamental stone quartz, tourmaline, barite, hematite
electrical components; optical lenses microclines, rutile, pyrite, calcite
most commonly as mineral specimens calcite, grossular, talc, serpentine
abrasive, aluminum ore diaspore, gibbsite, boehmite
molybdenum ore mimetite, limonite, smithsonite, galena
dye; refractory equipment; chromium ore olivine, talc, serpentine, biotite, magnetite
gemstones; beryllium source micas, quartz, euclase, calcite, tourmalines
major ore of lead and silver calcite, dolomite, sphalerite, pyrite
only as mineral specimens olivine, biotite, apatite, albite
cements; source of magnesium calcite, sulfide, fluorite, barite, quartz
major ore of iron talc, chlorite, pyrite, hematite
as mineral specimens apatite, zircon, quartz
mineral specimens; semi-precious stones zeolites, prehnite, serpentine, datolite
jewelry; ornamental stones quartz, epidote, glaucophane
porcelain industry quartz, plagioclase, micas, topaz
GROUP NOTABLE CHARACTERISTICS
hematite group
calcite group reacts with acid
sulfates colorless in transmitted light
amphibole group
cryptocrystalline quartz crystals are indistinguishable to naked eye
oxides and hydroxides
sulfates colorless in transmitted light
sulfides rainbow effect
sulfates; barite flame test results in a pale green color
silicates; clay heat, electricity, and acid resistant
oxides and hydroxides exhibits twinning
native elements; carbon thin flakes are flexible and inelastic
oxides and hydroxides lengthwise striations in crystals
tectosilicates; quartz piezoelectric
inosilicates; amphibole index of refraction is 1.60-1.63
pisolitic
sulfates high index refraction (2.28-2.40)
oxides and hydroxides; spinel weakly magnetic
cyclosilicates pitted faces on large crystals; lengthwise striations
sulfides; galena brighter luster on cleavage planes than on crystal faces
inosilicates; pyroxenes prominent basal parting
carbonates; dolomite reacts weakly with acid
oxides and hydroxides; spinel exhibits magnetism
cyclosilicates; tourmalines strongly pleochroic and piezoelectric
inosilicates; pyroxenoids its splinters do not bend and are brittle
inosilicates; amphibole stronger than steel
tectosilicates; feldspars some crystals show opalaescence