POORNIMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

A
First Stage Project Report on
STUDY OF GLASS POWDER AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT
OF CEMENT IN CONCRETE

MEMBERS: SUBMITTED TO:-
1. Pawan kumar (42) Mr. JitendraB. Jangid
2. Pankaj Suthar (41)
3. Noman Ansari (40)
4. Nitish Meena (39)
5. Danish Khan (31)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
POORNIMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ISI-6, RIICO INSTITUTIONAL AREA, SITAPURA, JAIPUR-302022
ABSTRACT

Demand for recycled glass has considerably decreased in recent years, particularly
for mixed-glass. Glass is cheaper to store than to recycle, as conditioners require
expenses for the recycling process. There are several alternatives for the reuse of
composite-glass. According all applications, which require pre-conditioning and
crushing, are more or less limited and unable to absorb all the quantities of waste
glass available. In order to provide a sustainable solution to glass storage, a
potential and incentive way would be to reuse this type of glass as replacement of
cement.
Depending on the size of the glass particles as replacement of cement, two
antagonistic behaviours can be observed: alkali- silica reaction, which involves
negative effects, and pozzolanic reaction, improving the properties. The use of fine
particles of glass and glass aggregates in mortars, either separately or combined.
Two parameters based on standardized tests were studied: pozzolanic assessment
by mechanical tests on mortar samples and alkali-reactive aggregate characteristics
and fines inhibitor evaluations by monitoring of dimensional changes. It is shown
that there is no need to use glass in the form of fines since no swelling due to
alkali-silica reaction is recorded when the diameter of the glass grains is less than
1mm. Besides, fine glass powders having specific surface areas ranging from 180
to 540m / kg reduce the expansions of mortars subjected to alkali-silica reaction
(especially when glass aggregates of diameters larger than 1 mm are used
So it is clear that we can use glass powder in replacement of cement
powder by a certain amount beyond and less than that amount decrease the strength
of concrete. Moreover it is a environmentally friendly way to eradicate the waste
generated by glass




INTRODUCTION

In the last few years it has been recognized that one of the main sources of
environmental pollution is waste. It has become a major environmental problem
because many types of waste do not break down, that is, essential physical,
biological and chemical changes do not take place. One of the possibilities of
utilizing waste is recycling, which would not only save natural resources, but also
decrease the amount of deposited waste. Glass waste requires recycling. Since
there are different types of glass with different chemical compositions, there are
also different possibilities of its use.
One of the solutions would be to recycle the glass by using it in concrete
production, where it can partly replace fine sand or cement and thus help create a
new construction material.
The carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere during the cement production
process accounts for approximately 5-10% of the overall CO2 production in the
world. Its release into the atmosphere contributes to the global warming and the
development of holes in the ozone layer. If the CO2 production in cement factories
could be decreased by 10%, the overall release into the atmosphere would decrease
by 5.2%.
Using waste glass as cement replacement in concrete construction sector is
advantageous, as the production cost of concrete would decrease, and our industry
would become more environmentally friendly







OBJECTIVE
The objective of partial replacement of cement by glass powder is to analysis
and to investigate the long- term deformation (creep) of concrete, compressive
strength and workability of samples containing glass powder. Cement was
substituted by weight with glass powder at rates varying from 10 to 30 per cent.
The performance of these types of concrete was determined by the
workability test, density test and compressive strength test. The workability of
concrete is determined using slump test and compacting factor test. Compressive
strength test is done to determine the strength of concrete. For each type of
concrete, a total of six 150mm x 150mm x 150mm cubes were cast.
The cubes were tested at the ages of 7, 14 and 28 days to study the
development of compressive strength. The results indicate that the concrete with
using waste glass powder were able to increase the workability of concrete and
also the compressive strength. However, the density is reduced compare to
standard mixture of concrete.










PROJECT SCOPE


These are the following scopes of replacements of cement by glass powder:

1) Most soils contain some sulphate in the form of calcium, sodium, potassium
and magnesium. They occur in soil or ground water. Because of solubility
of calcium sulphate is low, ground water contain more of other sulphates
and less of calcium sulphate. If we use glass powder it provide resistance to
sulphate attack on concrete
2) Replacement of cement by glass powder give reduction in environment
pollution because in making of cement it require to burn and grind the
different type of material which produces various toxic gases.
3) In glasses recycling process first glass are collected then they are sorted .the
waste glasses which cant be used send to landfill but these glasses can be
used in concrete
4) Replacement of cement by glass powder is cost saving and environment
friendly.












LITERATURE REVIEW

The concrete industry has been making use of industrial mineral wastes like fly
ash, silica fume and blast furnace slag as pozzolana by replacing a part of cement.
While Pozzolanic reaction adds to the strength of concrete and the utilization of
these materials brings about economy in concrete manufacture. It has been
estimated that several million tons of waste glasses are generated annually
worldwide. The key sources of waste glasses are waste containers, window glasses,
windscreen, medicinal bottles, liquor bottles, tube lights, bulbs, electronic
equipments, etc. Only a part of this waste glass can be recycled. A majority of the
waste glass remains unutilized. The earlier research works carried out by various
researchers are as follows.
Meyer C, Egosi N. and Andela C. in their paper entitled Concrete with
waste glass as aggregate have discussed about the use of waste glass as
aggregate in concrete industry.
Bin Mu and Christian Meyer, in their paper entitled Flexural behavior of
fibre mesh-reinforced glass aggregate concrete, have studied the flexural
responses of concrete specimens with crushed waste glass as aggregate and
reinforced either with randomly distributed short fibres or with continuous
fiber mesh, are compared for equal fibre volume ratios. The results indicate
that fibre efficiency increases with their concentration near the tension face
and fibre mesh is considerably more effective in bending than randomly
distributed fibers. Christian Meyer, in his paper entitled Glass concrete has
studied to improve certain properties of concrete products and create new
market opportunities.
Ahmad Shayan, in his paper entitled Value-added Utilization of Waste
Glass in Concrete has dealt with effective use of waste glass in concrete
and recycling of glass.
Byars E.A., Zhu H.Y. and Morales B, in their paper entitled Conglasscrete
I have discussed about the use of waste glass as aggregate and the
possibility of ASR. Post-consumer and other waste glass types are a major
component of the solid waste stream in many countries and most is currently
land filled.
Ravindra Dhir, Tomdyer, Albert tang and Yongjun cui, in their paper
entitled Towards maximizing the value and sustainable use of glass have
dealt with minimization of waste generation and disposal by recycling waste
generation and its disposal in land fill sites is unsustainable.
Caijun Shi and Yanzhong Wu, in their paper entitled Mixture proportioning
and properties of self-consolidating lightweight concrete containing glass
powder, have studied the design and properties of self- consolidating
lightweight concrete. Glass powder and ASTM Class F fly ash are added to
produce aggressive paste to increase the flowability and segregation
resistance to the concrete.
Chi Sing Lam et al, in their paper entitled, Enhancing the performance of
pre-cast concrete blocks by incorporating waste glass - ASR consideration,
have indicated that recycled crushed glass (RCG) aggregate can be used in
non-structural elements.
Ziad Bayasi and Henning Kaiser, have conducted an experimental
investigation on Steel fibres as crack arrestors in concrete. This
experiment investigates the cracking behaviour of steel fibre reinforced
concrete (SFRC). Concrete mixtures containing steel fibres in volume
fractions (Vf) of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 percent were investigated.
De Gutierrez R.M. et al, in their paper entitled Effect of pozzolans on the
performance of fibre-reinforced mortars, have found that randomly
oriented short fibres have been shown to increase tensile strength and retard
crack propagation of cement based materials such as fibre-reinforced
mortars for diverse applications, especially in aggressive environments.







MATERIALS

These are the following materials used :
Ordinary Portland cement
Glass powder
Sand
Aggregate 20mm and 10mm
Admixture



Ordinary Portland Cement
The OPC used in the present work is of Ultratech brand. This is used as
main binder in the mix


Glass Powder
The glass powder used in the present study is brought from Jaipurs Sitapura
market. This material replaces the cement in mix proportion at varying rates
from 5 to 30 percent


Sand
The sand is used in mix as a fine aggregate to fill the voids left by coarse and
medium aggregate.







Aggregate

Coarse aggregate: The coarse aggregate available in structural
engineering lab of civil engineering department. The sieve analysis is
carried out to separate 20mm and 10mm size particles.




























TEST

Normal consistency
Normal consistency of different binder mixes determined by using the procedure
referring to IS 4031: part 4 (1988) :
300 gram of sample coarser than 150 sieve is taken.
Approximate percentage of water added to sample and mixed methodically
for 2-3 minutes.














Compressive Strength Test

For each series five set were cast to determine compressive strength. Each set
comprises of eleven standard cubes out of which nine cubes were cast to measure
the compressive strength after 28days and 52 days. The size of the cube is as per
the IS code 10086 1982.