Large-Eddy Simulation of a Round Jet in Crossow

Jrg Ziee

Leonhard Kleiser

Institute of Fluid Dynamics, ETH Zrich, CH-8092 Zrich, Switzerland

A numerical simulation of a compressible round turbulent jet issuing perpendicularly
into a laminar boundary layer (jet in crossow, JICF) is performed at a jet-to-crossow
momentum ratio of 3.3 (dened with the bulk momentum of the jet and the free-stream mo-
mentum of the boundary layer) and a Reynolds number of 2100 (based on the free-stream
momentum, jet diameter and dynamic viscosity at the wall). To be able to compare the
results with incompressible reference data while still allowing for an ecient time integra-
tion, a Mach number of 0.2 is chosen. The mixing behaviour of the JICF is investigated by
computing the evolution of a passive scalar at a Schmidt number that equals the Prandtl
number of the ow.
The spatial discretisation of the computational domain consists of a block-structured
multi-block grid with 58 blocks and a total of 8.9 million cells. The simulation code NSMB
uses a nite-volume discretisation with a skew-symmetric fourth-order central scheme and a
second-order Runge-Kutta method for time integration. To account for the subgrid scales,
the approximate deconvolution model (ADM) is employed in a multiblock formulation.
Of special interest in this investigation is the mixing behaviour of the jet with the cross-
ow, and the complex vortex systems in the mixing region. The results will be compared
to incompressible LES data at similar ow parameters as mentioned above.
I. Introduction
The evolution of a jet under the inuence of a crossow (jet in crossow, JICF) has been subject to ex-
tensive research for more than half a century. While earlier investigations have focussed mainly on aerospace
applications such as vertical and/or short take-o and landing (V/STOL) aircraft, rockets, lm cooling of
turbine blades or fuel injection into combustors, in more recent times ecological aspects such as plumes of
smokestacks, volcanoes or (tunnel) res have also gained attention.
The wide occurrence of JICF-type ows goes along with a great variety of relevant ow parameters such
as the Mach and Reynolds numbers, and the momentum ratio of the two streams, commonly called blowing
ratio. Additionally, both the jet and the boundary-layer ow can be of either laminar or turbulent nature.
The blowing ratio together with the Reynolds number exerts the main inuence on the form and complexity
of the vortex systems in the mixing zone. At moderate values of these parameters, the ow in the mixing
region can be characterised by a horseshoe vortex around the jet exit, a spanwise roller at the downstream
edge of the jet nozzle, and a counter-rotating vortex pair (CVP) along the jet trajectory, with upright wake
vortices extending from the CVP down to the wall.
1
There exists a vast body of literature about various aspects of dierent JICF congurations, of which
we only cite classical works and publications that are closely related to our study. A broad overview of the
history of JICF research can be gained in the comprehensive review by Margason.
2
Important measurements
were carried out by Andreopoulos and Rodi,
3, 4
Sherif and Pletcher,
5, 6
Fric and Roshko
7
and Kelso et al.
1
Other major discussions of the structure of the JICF ow eld can be found in the contributions of Smith
and Mungal
8
and Lim et al.
9
Numerical studies are also quite numerous. Large-eddy simulations (LES) were conducted by Yuan
et al.
1012
and Schlter and Schnfeld.
13
Other simulation approaches were pursued e. g. by Cortelezzi and
Karagozian
14
who used vortex elements to investigate the evolution of the vortical structures in the JICF.

Ph. D. student, Institute of Fluid Dynamics, ETH Zrich, Switzerland, ziee@ifd.mavt.ethz.ch, +41 44 632 4628.

Professor, Institute of Fluid Dynamics, ETH Zrich, Switzerland, kleiser@ifd.mavt.ethz.ch.

1 of 16
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
36th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit
5 - 8 June 2006, San Francisco, California
AIAA 2006-3370
Copyright 2006 by Jrg Ziefle. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission.