THEORY

EXPERIMENT A
The equipment of continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) has the ability to mix the liquid fairly and
completely with varies properties and temperature. CSTR perform a uniformity in reaction mixture
thoroughly in the tank respected to temperature and concentration. Sodium hydroxide and ethyl
acetate introduce in the tank at room temperature and constant throughout the mixing process.
Therefore the chemical equation:
NaOH + HCOOCH CHCOONa + CHOH
Sodium Hydroxide + Ethyl Acetate Sodium Acetate + Ethyl Alcohol
Both sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate are 0.1M and 1.25L to make up to 2.5L mixture. The stirrer
used to mix the mixture after the mixture has reached 2.5L. The stirring process constant to the end of
experiment. Sodium hydroxide and ethyl acetate mixed to produce sodium acetate and ethyl alcohol.
The condition will eventually reach steady state when a certain amount of conversion of the starting
reagents has taken place. The steady state is reached depending on the concentration, flow rate,
volume of reactor and temperature of the system. The steady state is achieved once the reaction is
done and stable. For every five minutes, the sample has been taken out for the titration process with
HCL
Experiment B will involve in the increment of temperature from room temperature to 40C. Heat has
been introduced to the experiment to find out the effect and its consequences to the reaction. Factually,
heat will eventually transfer its energy to the particles in the reaction and therefore the particles will
move freely even faster and collide more frequently compare to room temperature. The higher the
temperature, the collisions will be more violent and the velocity also increase. The reaction will end up
more effective since heat can speed up the reaction with the kinetic energy. The rate of reaction is
roughly doubled with every 10K increment.
Rate of reaction is calculated manually with using the formula of:

Based on IUPACs Gold Book definition, the chemical reaction occurring in closed system under
constant-volume condition. IUPAC recommend that the unit of time should be in second. The rate
constant k ca be calculated using:
k = A exp(-Ea/RT)
The data tabulated is then use to plot a straight line graph. From the straight line and slope, the
activation energy is calculated with using the rate constant equation.