1

10124 1-28

1972-1976
Prof. A. J. Marsella,
psychopathology & psychotherapy

Hwang, 1976

2009 9 26
2009
48

p.55
22
81.8

77.345.531.822.7

22.7

2005

The Counseling Psychologist R. Wright

Alvin Leung Karl Kwan

2009
major
contributionHwang, 2009
Jeffrey Chang

Hwang & Chang, 2009

2000 2008

2009Hwang, 2012

2011

Hwang, 2011

2011

9 15 10 27

(2010)
100 99

(
20112011)

20092012

2011

person

self

self
Cheng2004
subject
selftime-engaged self

action

first order self-reflection

person

transcendental self

ideal self

secondary order self reflection

Person

trinity

structure of destiny
2

10

11

destiny of Heaven

conscience

individual

12

Murase & Johnson1974

13

14

15

()

...

16

120

17

2009

50

18

19

20

individual

self
person

21

mindfulness therapy

2012

22

23

2009

causality

morphostasis

24

utilitarian morality

obligatory morality

individual

self
person

25

2009

48

2009

2011

2012

2012

2010

2011
100

26

Cheng, C. Y. (2004). A theory of Confucian selfhood: Self-cultivation and free

will in Confucian philosophy. In K. L. Shun & D. B. Wong (Eds.),
Confucian Ethics (pp. 124-147). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Murase, T., & Johnson, F. A. (1974). Naikan, Morita, and Western psychotherapy:
A comparison. Archives of General Psychiatry, 31, 121-128.
Hwang, K. K. (1976). Social Stresses, Coping Styles, and Psychopathological
Symptom Patterns in a Formosan Urban Community. Ph.D. Dissertation,
Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, U.S.A.
Hwang, K. K. (2009). The Development of Indigenous Counseling in
Contemporary Confucian Communities. The Counseling Psychologist,
37(7),930-943.
Hwang, K. K. & Chang, J. (2009). Self-Cultivation: Culturally Sensitive
Psychotherapies in Confucian Societies. The Counseling Psychologist,
37(7),1010-1032.
Hwang, K. K. (2011). The Mandala Model of Self. Psychological Studies, 56(4),
329-334.
Hwang, K. K. (2012). Foundations of Chinese Psychology: Confucian Social
Relations. New York: Springer.

101 07 11

27

Theory and Practice for Correction Treatment

and Moral Education in Chinese Institution

ABSTRACT

Based on the Mandala model for Chinese self-proposed by Prof. Hwang(2011) and
the structure of destiny existing in traditional Chinese culture, the article analyzed the
qualitative interview data collected by this research team in the Kaohsiung Drug Abuser
Treatment Center, Agency of Corrections, Ministry of Justice, in order to understand the
causes of drug addiction and its consequence of psychosocial disturbances, and proposed
a holistic model of correction with the practice of Naikan therapy. It is expected that this
model can be used for correction treatment and moral education at institutions in Chinese
society.

Key words: Naikan therapy, Mandala model for Chinese self, correction treatment,
drug addition