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Designation: A 660 96 An American National Standard

Standard Specication for


Centrifugally Cast Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature
Service
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This standard is issued under the xed designation A 660; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specication
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covers carbon steel pipe made by the
centrifugal casting process intended for use in high-
temperature, high-pressure service. Pipe ordered under this
specication shall be suitable for fusion welding, bending, and
other forming operations.
1.2 Several grades of carbon steels are covered. Their
compositions are given in Table 1.
1.3 Supplementary requirements (S1 to S9) of an optional
nature are provided. The supplementary requirements call for
additional tests to be made, and when desired shall be so stated
in the order, together with the number of such tests required.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 530/A 530M Specication for General Requirements for
Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe
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E 94 Guide for Radiographic Testing
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E 114 Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Straight-Beam
Examination by the Contact Method
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E 125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indica-
tions on Ferrous Castings
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E 142 Method for Controlling Quality of Radiographic
Testing
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E 186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4
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2-
in. (51 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
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E 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
Blooms, and Forgings
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E 446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings up to 2 in.
(51 mm) in Thickness
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2.2 ANSI Standards:
B36.10 American Standard for Welded and Seamless
Wrought Steel Pipe
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B46.1 Surface Texture
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2.3 MSS Standards:
SP-54 Quality Standard for Steel CastingsRadiographic
Inspection Method
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3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for material under this specication should
include the following, as required, to describe the desired
material adequately:
3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
3.1.2 Name of material (centrifugally cast pipe),
3.1.3 Grade (Table 1),
3.1.4 Size (outside or inside diameter and minimum wall
thickness),
3.1.5 Length (specic or random), (Permissible Variations
in Length Section of Specication A 530/A 530M),
3.1.6 End nish (Ends Section of Specication A 530/
A 530M),
3.1.7 Optional Requirements (Sections 7.2, 8.2, 8.3, 11.1,
Section 12 and S1 to S9 (Supplementary Requirements),
3.1.8 Test report required (Certication Section of Speci-
cation A 530/A 530M),
3.1.9 Specication designation, and
3.1.10 Special requirements.
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This specication is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 1996. Published October 1997. Originally
published as A 660 72. Last previous edition A 660 91a.
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For ASME Boiler and Vessel Code applications see related Specication
SA-660 in Section II of that Code.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
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Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd St., 13th
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
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Available from the Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and
Fittings Industry, 1815 N. Fort Myer Drive, Arlington, VA 22209.
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, max,%
Grade WCA Grade WCB Grade WCC
Carbon 0.25
A
0.30 0.25
B
Manganese 0.70
A
1.00 1.20
B
Phosphorus 0.035 0.035 0.035
Sulfur 0.035 0.035 0.035
Silicon 0.60 0.60 0.60
A
For each reduction of 0.01 % below the specied maximum carbon content, an
increase of 0.04 % manganese above the specied maximum will be permitted up
to a maximum of 1.10 %.
B
For each reduction of 0.01 % below the specied maximum carbon content, an
increase of 0.04 % manganese above the specied maximum will be permitted to
a maximum of 1.40 %.
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AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
4. General Requirements
4.1 Material furnished under this specication shall con-
form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of
Specication A 530/A 530M unless otherwise provided herein.
5. Materials and Manufacture
5.1 Machining:
5.1.1 All centrifugally cast pipe shall have both the inner
and outer surfaces machined.
5.1.2 After heat treatment, the pipe shall be machined to a
nish with a roughness value no greater than 250 in. (6.35
m) arithmetical average deviation (AA), terms as dened in
ANSI B46.1 unless otherwise specied.
5.2 Heat Treatment:
5.2.1 All pipe shall receive a heat treatment proper for its
design and chemical composition.
5.2.2 Castings shall be heat treated after they have been
allowed to cool below the transformation range.
6. Temperature Control
6.1 Furnace temperatures for heat treating shall be effec-
tively controlled by pyrometers.
7. Chemical Requirements
7.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
7.2 Product Analysis:
7.2.1 At the request of the purchaser, a product analysis
shall be made by the manufacturer on every heat.
7.2.2 The results of these analyses shall be reported to the
purchaser or his representative, and shall conform to the
requirements specied in Table 1.
7.2.3 If the analysis of one of the tests specied in 7.2.1
does not conform to the requirements specied, an analysis of
each pipe from the same heat may be made, and all pipes
conforming to the requirements shall be accepted.
8. Mechanical Requirements
8.1 Tensile Properties:
8.1.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to
tensile properties prescribed in Table 2.
8.1.2 Transverse or Longitudinal Tension TestOne test
shall be made on a specimen from one end of one length of
pipe representing each heat in each heat-treatment lot.
8.2 Flattening Test:
8.2.1 Aattening test shall be performed when requested by
the purchaser or when stated by the purchaser on the order that
the pipe is to be upset, swaged, expanded, bent, or formed by
some other operation.
8.2.2 A attening test need not be performed on heavy wall
pipe which is not to be upset, swaged, expanded, bent, or
formed in some other manner.
8.2.3 When required by 8.2, a test shall be made on
specimens cut from one end of each length of pipe.
8.2.4 A attening test when required shall be performed in
accordance with the requirements for seamless and centrifu-
gally cast pipe in the Flattening Test Requirements Section of
Specication A 530/A 530M.
NOTE 1In heavy-walled small-diameter tubing the attening test
specimen may be bored out so that the OD/t ratio will be greater than 11.0.
8.3 Hydrostatic Test:
8.3.1 Each length of pipe shall be hydrostatically tested in
accordance with the Hydrostatic Test Requirements Section of
Specication A 530/A 530M when requested by the purchaser
and stated on the order. If performance of the hydrostatic test
is not required by the purchaser, the manufacturer shall
guarantee pipe to pass the test and mark each length of pipe
with the letters NH immediately following the specication
number, indicating that the pipe has not been hydrostatically
tested.
8.3.2 When required by 8.3, each length of pipe shall be
subjected to the hydrostatic test. The test pressure shall be
maintained for not less than 5 min.
9. Permissible Variation in Wall Thickness
9.1 The wall thickness shall not vary over the specied
minimum wall thickness by more than 10 %. There shall be no
variation under the specied minimum wall thickness.
NOTE 2A system of standard pipe sizes has been approved by the
American National Standards Institute, as ANSI B36.10. This system may
be used for obtaining pipe under this specication.
10. Workmanship and Finish
10.1 The pipe shall have a nish as provided in 5.2 and it
shall be reasonably straight and free from injurious defects.
11. Rework and Retreatment
11.1 ImperfectionsThe surface of the casting shall be
inspected visually for cracks and hot tears. These imperfections
shall be removed, and their removal veried by visual inspec-
tion of the resultant cavities. Imperfections located by inspect-
ing with Supplementary Requirements S7, S8, or S9 shall be
removed or reduced to an acceptable size.
11.2 BlendingIf removal of the imperfection does not
infringe upon the minimum wall thickness, the depression may
be blended uniformly into the surrounding surface.
11.3 Repair by WeldingImperfections that infringe upon
the minimum wall thickness may be repaired by welding
subject to approval by the purchaser. Only qualied operators
and procedures in accordance with ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code, Section IX, shall be used. All weld repairs shall
be inspected to the same quality standards used to inspect the
pipe.
11.4 Reheat TreatmentLocal or full heat treatment in
accordance with 5.2 shall follow welding. Local grinding
following welding and retreating shall be considered as meet-
ing the requirements of 5.1.
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
WCA WCB WCC
ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa
Tensile strength, min 60 414 70 483 70 483
Yield strength, min 30 207 36 248 40 276
Elongation in 2 in. or 50
mm, min, %
24 22 22
Reduction of area, min,
%
35 35 35
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12. Product Marking
12.1 In addition to the marking prescribed in Specication
A 530/A 530M, the marking shall include the wall thickness,
piece mark, length and additional symbol S if the pipe
conforms to one or more of the supplementary requirements
specied in S1 to S9, and the heat number or manufacturers
number by which the heat can be identied. Identication
stamping instead of stenciling will be permitted only with the
written approval of the purchaser.
12.2 Bar CodingIn addition to the requirements in 12.1,
bar coding is acceptable as a supplemental identication
method. The purchaser may speciy in the order a specic bar
coding system to be used.
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specied in the
purchase order. The purchaser may specify a different frequency of test or analysis than is provided
in the supplementary requirement. Subject to agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer,
retest and retreatment provisions of these supplementary requirements may also be modied.
S1. Product Analysis
S1.1 Product analysis shall be made on each length of pipe.
Individual lengths failing to conform to the chemical compo-
sition requirements shall be rejected.
S2. Additional Tension Tests
S2.1 An additional tension test shall be made on a specimen
from one or each end of each pipe. If this supplementary
requirement is specied, the number of tests per pipe required
shall be specied. If a specimen from any length fails to meet
the required tensile properties (tensile, yield, and elongation),
that length shall be rejected subject to retreatment in accor-
dance with Specication A 530/A 530M and satisfactory retest.
S3. Additional Flattening Tests
S3.1 The attening test of Specication A 530/A 530M
shall be made on a specimen from one end or both ends of each
pipe. Crop ends may be used. If this supplementary require-
ment is specied, the number of tests per pipe shall also be
specied. If a specimen from any length fails because of lack
of ductility prior to satisfactory completion of the rst step of
the attening test requirement that pipe shall be rejected
subject to retreatment in accordance with Specication A 530/
A 530M and satisfactory retest. If a specimen from any length
of pipe fails because of a lack of soundness that length shall be
rejected, unless subsequent retesting indicates that the remain-
ing length is sound.
S4. Metal Structure and Etching Tests
S4.1 The steel shall be homogeneous as shown by etching
tests conducted in accordance with the appropriate portions of
Method E 381. Etching tests shall be made on a cross section
from one end or both ends of each pipe and shall show sound
and reasonably uniform material free from injurious lamina-
tions, cracks, and similar objectionable defects. If this supple-
mentary requirement is specied, the number of tests per pipe
required shall also be specied. If a specimen from any length
shows objectionable defects, the length shall be rejected,
subject to removal of the defective end and subsequent retests
indicating the remainder of the length to be sound and
reasonably uniform material.
S5. Photomicrographs
S5.1 The manufacturer shall furnish one photomicrograph
at 100 diameters from a specimen of pipe in the as-nished
condition representing each heat in each heat-treatment lot.
Such photomicrographs shall be suitably identied as to pipe
size, wall thickness, and heat. No photomicrographs for the
individual pieces purchased shall be required except as speci-
ed in Supplementary Requirement S6. Such photomicro-
graphs are for information only, to show the actual metal
structure of the pipe as furnished.
S6. Photographs for Individual Pieces
S6.1 In addition to the photomicrographs required in accor-
dance with Supplementary Requirement S5, the purchaser may
specify that photomicrographs shall be furnished from one or
both ends of each pipe. All photomicrographs required shall be
properly identied as to heat number, size, and wall thickness
of pipe from which the section was taken. Photomicrographs
shall be further identied to permit association of each photo-
micrograph with the individual length of pipe it represents.
S7. Radiographic Inspection
S7.1 The pipe shall be examined for internal defects by
means of X rays or gamma rays. The inspection procedure shall
be in accordance with Practice E 94 or Method E 142 and the
types and severity levels of discontinuities considered shall be
judged by Reference Radiographs E 446, or Reference Radio-
graphs E 186. The extent of examination and the basis for
acceptance shall be subject to agreement between the manu-
facturer and the purchaser. A specication which may be used
as a basis for such agreement is Quality Standard for Steel
Castings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping
Components (Radiographic Inspection Method SP-54) of the
Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fit-
tings Industry.
S8. Ultrasonic Tests
S8.1 Each pipe shall be ultrasonically tested to determine its
soundness throughout the entire length of the pipe. Evidence of
the existence of defects in excess of 5 % of the wall thickness
shall be cause for rejection or repair.
S8.2 The ultrasonic test shall be made in accordance with
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Practice E 114, or by any other established method mutually
agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
S9. Magnetic Particle or Fluid Penetrant Examination
S9.1 Each pipe along outside and inside surfaces shall be
subjected, after machining, to examination by a magnetic
particle method or a penetrant uid and powder method.
S9.2 The extent of examination and the basis for acceptance
shall be subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the
purchaser. Reference Photographs E 125 may be used to dene
acceptance criteria.
The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection
with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every ve years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your
views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.
A 660
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